Table of Contents
Nei Kufunga Kune Zvakunonyanya Kukosha Kupfuura Kare?
Munhambo inorondedzerwa nokuwandisa kwamashoko, nharo dzakapararira, uye chinjo yenzanga inokurumidza, mano okufunga nokungwarira haachisirizve chinhu choumbozha chakakurumbira, kuri madikanwa. Kana tichinzvera zvikarakadzo zvegadziriro zvegadziriro yomubhadhari, kuyera kuvimbika kwomushumo wenhau, kana kuti kusarudza nzira yokuvhotera nayo pamwero wemashoko womunzvimbomo, vagari vemo vanodanwa nguva dzose kudikanwa kuidi rakaparadzana nengano, mufungo nemirangariro, uye kurangarira kwakanaka mukushandisa. Kufunga kukuru kunogovera chishandiso chenjereso chinodikanwa chokushandisa kupfurikidza naaya. Kunopa simba vanhu vamwe navamwe kusati vachingova bedzi vazivisi vasingaiti basa, asi savanoziva, uye mitezo yakavimbika yenzanga dzavo.
Iyi nhungamiro yakakudzwa inonzvera icho kufunga kwokutsoropodza kunoreva chaizvoizvo, chikonzero nei kuchikosha nokuda kwokuvimbisana kwehurumende, uye kuti iwe (hwungava sei somudzidzi, mudzidzisi, kana kuti mugari wemo anoitira hanya) unogona sei kuvandudza unyanzvi uhu kusimbisa ubati ushe hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ndokuvandudza kuita zvisarudzo kwavose.
Kunzwisisa Mafungiro Ane Chinetso: Chinotonyanya Kurwadza
Kufunga kwokutsoropodza kunowanzorondedzerwa semuitiro unorangwa wokunzvera nokushingaira, kutsinhira, uye kuyera mashoko kutungamirira chitendero nechiito. Hakusi kungovawo zvako kwakaipa kana kuti kwenharo; panzvimbo pezvo, kuri pamusoro pokuva anonzwisisa, anozvininipisa mundangariro, uye akaoma. Pasi apa tinoputsa zvikamu zvikuru zvechinhu, chimwe nechimwe chinogona kushandiswa nokunatswa.
Kuongorora: Kuchinja Kuoma Kunzwisisa
Kuongorora kunobatanidza kuisa mashoko muzvikamu zvawo zvinobatanidzwa — kusiyanisa pfungwa huru noudzame hwokutsigira, pfungwa, uye kuziva mitoo. Somuenzaniso, pakurava kutaura kwezvematongerwe enyika, mufungi wezvokuongorora kungabvunza kuti: Chii chiri kutaura kwomukurukuri? Ufakazii hwadziri kupa pamusoro pemipimo yavateereri?
Kuongorora: Kuona Kunaka Nokukudzwa
Manyuko ose haasi akaenzana. Kunzvera kunoda kuyera kuvimbika kwamashoko, unyanzvi hwemanyuko, uye kunaka kwoufakazi. Muupenyu hwechimuko, ikoku kungareva kunzvera kana nhamba inodudzwa muchiratidzo choutachiona ichibva chaizvoizvo mufundo yakakurumbira, kana kuti kubvunza vavariro dziri seri kweziviso yezvamatongerwe enyika. Masumo akadai seCRAAP (Crapp, Rerevance, Authority, Aspect, Purective), Donzo ringabetsera kurangarira uku.
Kungwarira: Kugumisa zvine mufungo
Kuregeredza kunobatanidza kurangarira kubva kuufakazi kusvikira kumhedziso dzinopfuura zvinotaurwa zvakajeka. Somuenzaniso, kana dare reguta rikasarudza kubvisa purogiramu yepwere apo rinowedzera kutsigira nemari yamapurisa, ungareva kuti dare rinoisa mitemo panzvimbo yemibato yenzanga inodzivisa. Mitemo inofanira kuva inotendeseka uye inozaruka kuhwirudzura sezvo ufakazi hutsva hunobuda. Vazivi vezvokufunga vanobvuma musiyano pakati pezvinobvumikiswa nezvinobvira, uye vanodzivisa kumhanyira kumhedziso dzisina kusimbiswa.
Kududzira: Kunzwisisa Zvazvinoreva
Tsananguro ndeyekunzwisisa kukosha kwemashoko(*kutsanangura kuti chimwe chinhu chinorevei. Kana chikarakadzo chemiitiro chikashandisa shoko rokuti “kumutsidziridzwa,” mufungi anotsoropodza acharangarira kana mashoko iwayo achireva kuisa pamutemo, kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzavose, kana kuti chimwe chinhuwo zvacho. Kududzira kunoda kungwara kwechinjo, mutauro, uye mirangariro yavachengeti vemari vakasiana - siana.
Kuzvidzora: Kurangarira Kufunga Kwako Umene
Zvichida rutivi runofuratirwa zvikurusa, kuzvidzora kunoreva kunzvera mirangariro yako umene nokuita kwemirangariro. Munhu ari wose ane nzvimbo dzisingaoni; vafungi vakakomba vanoedza nokushingaira kudzizivisa. Somuenzaniso, kana ukaona uchibvumirana zvakasimba nokutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika, mira ndokubvunza, kuti: “Ndinganzwa nenzira imwe cheteyo here kana zvibvumikiso zvimwe chetezvo zvichibva kuboka rinopikisa?” Iyi tsika yokuranga inodikanwa nokuda kwehurukuro yavose yakanaka.
Basa Rokufunga Kunonetsa Mukubatanidzwa
Kubatanidzwa kwebic kunosanganisira mabasa akawanda — kugovera mari, kupinda horo dzemataundi, kusaina zvikumbiro, kupinda kunyunyuta, kushanda pamabhodhi, kana kuti kukurukura chete nhau nevavakidzani.
Kuita Chisarudzo Chinoziva
Mipimo yeballot nechisarudzo chokuda kutendwa zvinowanzobatanidza zvisarudzo zvakaoma. Pasina kufunga kwokutsoropodza, vavhoti vangavimba nezvisarudzo zvemirangariro, kana kuti mashoko okutanga avanosangana nawo. Vafungi vendangariro dzinorangarira kuunganidza mashoko kubva kumanyuko akawanda akavimbika, kuyera mativi nezvinonyumwirwa, uye kurangarira miuyo yenguva refu. Vanozivawo apo vanoshaiwa zivo yakakwana uye vanotsvaka mamwe mashoko vasati vaita chisarudzo. Nokuda kwenhungamiro huru pakunzvera manyuko echisarudzo chokuvhota, sangano rePubicial Citizen [
Nharo Dzinovaka Nekurukurirano
Kufunga kukuru kunochinja kubva mukurukurirano inowirirana kuva kutsvaka zvokwadi. Panzvimbo pokuedza “kurangarira , mufungisi anoramba anoteerera nokungwarira, anobvunza mibvunzo inojekesa, uye anopa mativi akavakirwa paufakazi. Uku kusvika kunoremekedza rudzi rwomunhu uye kugadzira nzvimbo yokuchinja pfungwa dzomunhu. Munzvimbo dzehurumende . "pancutis" paIndaneti kana kuti munhepfenyuro yenhau.
Kupedza Chinetso Chinobudirira
Zvinetso zvakawanda zvevagari vemo (sokufanana nedzimba dzinotengwa, kuora kwemarongedzero ezvirongwa, kana kuti njodzi dzoutano hwevanhu dzinopedza zvisakiso zvezvisakiso, kwete zviratidzo chete. Vafungi vanokasha vanosvika zvinetso nenzira yakarongeka: vanorondedzera chinetso chacho nenzira yakarurama, vanounganidza mashoko, vanoronga mipimo mizhinji, vanokarira miuyo isingakanwi. Somuenzaniso, boka renzanga rinobata nekusachengeteka kwezvokudya ringanzvera kana chitoro chitsva, bhangi rezvokudya, kana kuti bindu renzanga ringava rinoshanda zvikuru, richirangarira mutengo, kuchengetwa, uye kuenzana.
Kuwedzera Kubatanidzwa Nokudzidzisa Vana
Vanhu vanofunga nenzira inotsoropodza sezvingabvira zvikuru vanganzwa vapiwa simba rokuita chimwe chinhu. Apo unogona kuona zvakajeka zvikanganiso mumuitiro kana kuti kusaruramisira mugadziriro, unosundwa kutaura. Kufunga kwokunyanyooma kunobetserawo kutsigira nharo dzakasimba zvikuru, kudzivisa unyengeri hune mufungo, uye kuita nenzira inobudirira kuchishoro. Southern Poverty Law Center [ inopa fundo dzenzira yokunzvera kwakakomba yakaparira nayo budiriro inobudirira nokuda kwamaruramiro avagari vemo.
Mano Okufunga Anonyanya Kuoma: Mabasa Anoshanda
Kufunga kwokutsoropodza hakusi chinhu chatinoberekwa tiinacho; unyanzvi hunogona kukudziridzwa nokuzvirovedza nemaune.
Bvunza Mibvunzo Inotemesa Mwoyo
Iva netsika yokubvunza “Nei,” uye“ kana,” kana zvikanzi, zvisimbisei, zviisei pasi. Somuenzaniso: “Nei uyu muitiro uchitaura kuti unoderedza utsotsi? Waizoyera sei budiriro? Ko kana muuyo wakasiana ukaitika?” Shandisai zvikamu zvakafanana ne [[FLT: 0] Nhamba yebvunzo yemubvunzo kuti uronge kubvunza kwako.
Tsvaka Mirangariro Yakasiana - siana
Zvikamu zvemashoko zvinosimbisa zvitendero zviripo uye zvinodzivisa kukura kukuru. Kushingaira kurava mifungo inobva kuvanhu vane migariro yakasiana - siana, pfungwa, uye zvinoitika. Zvinyorere kunzvimbo dzinobudisa nhau dzinoshandiswa navapepeti vakasiyana - siyana, pindai nharaunda umo musiri vazhinji, uye batanidzwa mukurukurirano yokuremekedza naavo vasingabvumirani. Uku kuratidzirwa kunokubatsira kunzwisisa simba noutera hwenzvimbo yako umene.
Funga Nezvemajambwa Ako
Tose tine mirangariro yokufunga yakafanana nesimbiso yokusimbisa (kutsvaka mashoko anobvumikisa mirangariro yedu) uye tapuro yaDunning-Kruger (kurangarira kukwanisa kwedu). Chengeta “magazini inofungwa” apo unocherekedza zvisarudzo zvawakaita ndokunzvera kurangarira kuri shure kwavo. Bvunza, kuti: “Ini ndarangarira ufakazi hunopesana here? Ndakakurumidza kurasa chimwe chinhu nemhaka yokuti chakanga chisina kunaka?”
Rovedza Kugadzirisa Zvinetso
Shandisa zvirongwa zvakafanana ne “Zvikonzero Zvishanu,". Pros/Cons zvinoronga noukoshi hunorema, kana kuti “Six Isaing Hats". Mutoo waEdward de Bono. Pakunatsa nhau yehurumende muboka, govera mabasa anomanikidzira zvimiro zvokufunga zvakasiyana (zvikurukuru, mumwe munhu anonangidzira pamaidi, mumwe pakufunga). Uku kuronga kwakarongwa kunodzivisa kufunga uye kuvimbisa kuti maendefaro ose anorangarirwa.
Kubatanidzwa Muzviratidzo Nokuridza Rutivi
Kutora rutivi mumisangano yemakurukota eguta yokunyepedzera, muenzaniso weChibatanwa chaMarudzi, kana kuti zvinoitika zvokuvhota zvinoratidzira zvisarudzo chaizvoizvo zvehurumende zvinoitwa pasi peganhuriro dzenguva, mashoko, uye fariro dzinokwikwidza. Zvinovaka tsandanyama dzendangariro dzinodikanwa kufunga patsoka dzako uye kurangarira mifungo mizhinji panguva imwe cheteyo.
Kufunga Kunodenha Muchiito: Fundo Yenhau Yakaitika Uye Nhasi
Mienzaniso yenyika chaiyoiyo inojekesa kuti kufunga kwokutsoropodza kwakashandiswa sei − uye kushandiswa zvisina kufanira − upenyu hwevagari vemo. Hedzino fundo dzezvinoitika ina dzinoratidzira simba rokunzvera kwokufunga nengozi dzokusavapo kwahwo.
Boka Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo: Kurwisana Nomutemo Usina Kururamisira
Vatungamiriri vakaita saMartin Luther King Jr. vakashandisa kufunga kwokutsoropodza kukuru kudenha kusarurana. Mu “Tsitsi kubva kuBirmingham Jail,” Mambo akaputsa nenzira yakarongwa zvibvumikiso zvokuteerera mitemo isina kururama, achisiyanisa pakati pemirau yakarurama neisina kururama nokukumbira mhinduro yakarongwa yetsika. Haana kungopandukira zvake; akapinda muchiito chikuru chokunzvera tsika chakaparira rudzi.
Kushata Kwemhoteredzo: Kubva Kuruzivo Rwokuziva Kuenda Kukuomesa Miitiro
Mapoka emhoteredzo akafanana neNzvimbo yokudzivirira Mhepo yeUnited States anoshandisa nzvero dzesayenzi kutsigira mhepo nemvura zvakachena. Panzvimbo pokungotsutsutsumwa, vanounganidza mashoko anobudisa mhepo inoshatisa, miuyo youtano yomuenzaniso, uye vanokarakadza mirau inoparira miuyo inoparira miuyo. Iyi nzira inotsamira paufakazi yakatungamirira kukuwana muitiro seEccean Air Act. Kufunga kukuru pano kwakareva kunzvera kusavimbwa kwesayenzi nokutendeseka uye kukurukura kushambadza kuruzhinji.
Kupindura Kwoutano Hwavose: Covid-19 Pandemic
Dambudziko renyika yose rakanga riri muedzo wakaoma wemafungiro okutsoropodza. Magariro aivimba nokufunga kwakajeka, uchapupu. “‘ Kuteerera vanodzidza nezvezvirwere zvinouraya, kuongorora mwero yezvirwere, uye kugadziridza nzira dzinoshandiswa. Kwakanaka kupfuura iya yakabatwa mumashoko asina kururama. Nhimbe dzoutano dzinobudirira dzakashandisa pfungwa dzakanaka uye kuoneka kuti vanhu vavimbe, nepo kukundikana kwaiwanzobva mukufunga kwemashiripiti kana kuti ufakazi husingasarumbidzika. Chinoitika chacho chakasimbisa kudiwa kwevagari vemo kuti vaongorore zvakanzi utano uye kunzwisisa pfungwa dzakaita se “kuuraya vanhu. ”
Nharo DzeBoard Yechikoro Chomunzvimbomo: Kufunga Kunodenha Mumicrocosm
Rangarira boka rechikoro rinokurukura zvidzidzo zvitsva. Mufungisi anotsoropodza padare racho haasati achizongonzvera bedzi mapfundo ezvidzidzo zvakavakirwa pabato; ivo vaizonzvera manyuko ezvidzidzo zvavadzidzisi, kukumbira mirangariro yenyanzvi kuvadzidzisi, kuhwirudzura nzvero yedzidzo pamusoro pezvidzidzo, uye kuteerera vabereki nezvinonetsa. Vangabvunza, kuti: “Ufakazii hunotsigira uku kusvika?
Kufunga Kunodenha Mudzidzo Nenzanga
Kana kufunga kwokutsoropodza kuri chinhu chinokosha chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, zvikoro namasangano enzanga ndiwo mwoyo unoubudisa.Heyi nzira iyo vadzidzisi, vabereki, uye vatungamiriri vehurumende vanogona nayo kusakurira aya unyanzvi.
Nharo Yakarongwa Yedare Rinodzora
Ita zvinopfuura kudzokorora kurukurirano chaiyoiyo inoda vadzidzi kuitisana nharo mativi ose ari maviri enhau. Programu dzakadai seNational Speech & Debatency Association dzinorovedza vadzidzi mukuunganidza ufakazi, pfungwa, uye kupokana. Kunyange kurukurirano pfupi mukirasi panhau dzomunzvimbomo (imo, “Guta redu rinofanira kurambidza mapurasitiki mamwe here?”)
Shandisa Kuongorora Chaiko Kwenyaya Yenyika Nezviratidzo
Ipa vadzidzi kuti vaongorore gakava razvino uno romunzvimbomo(sokufanana nemugwagwa unokarakadzwa kana kuti chinjo inokarakadzwa yenzvimbo(uye ipapo vatambi venzvimbo dzakasiana-- siana: vagari, vatengi vebhizimisi, masayendisiti, varongi veguta. Vanofanira kuunganidza maidi, vanokarira zvirambidzo, uye kukurukura mhinduro. Iyi “dzidzo yakavakirwa pamifungo” inoratidza denho chaidzoidzo dzenzanga.
Dzidzisa Kunyora Nokuongorora Zvinobudiswa Nezvinobudisa Mashoko
Kokera nguva yekirasi kunzvera nyaya dzenhau, nzvimbo dzesocial network, uye kunyange AI-generated. Ita kuti vadzidzi vashandise nzvero yeCRAFT kana kuti “Mutoo weSIFT” (Ima, Posita manyuko, Wana kufukidzwa kuri nani, kutaura kweTrace) kwakatangwa naMike Caulfield. News Literacy Project [[[FLT: 1]]
Kuzvininipisa Kwomuenzaniso
Vadzidzisi nevatungamiriri vanofanira kuongorora mafungiro evamwe zvakajeka, vanobvuma kana usingazivi chimwe chinhu, varatidze kuti unotsvaka sei uchapupu, uye kuti unoona sei zvauri kana waona kuti hauna kururama.
Mabhazi omunzanga Negadziriro Yebasa
Kunze, maraibhurari, nzvimbo dzenzanga, uye nzvimbo dzepaIndaneti zvinogona kuisa nzvimbo dzokushandira papfungwa dzine mufungo, kuzivisa tsvete, uye kuongorora chokwadi. Maturusi oruzivo rwezvinogadzirwa zvakadai se “Pol.is” chikuva chinoita kuti vanhu vakwanise kuongorora nhau dzenzanga, kunyora rondedzero uye kubvisa mashoko.
Kukurira Zvipingamupinyi Zvokufunga Kunotsoropodza Muupenyu Hwomuviri
Kuziva mhinganidzo idzi ndiyo nhano yokutanga yokudzikurira, pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwadzo, kufunga kwokutsoropodza kunotarisana nemhepo ine simba.
Mashoko Akawandisa Nezvinosefa Zvemitemo
Marobhoti enzanga anowanzoisa kuvimbisana pamusoro pokururama, kutipa zvokudya zvinosimbisa pfungwa dzedu. Kurwisa izvi, “nonoka kufunga”: pa nguva usati wagoverana chinhu chipi nechipi, simbisa zvinotemwa, uye shandisa nzvimbo dzinoongorora zvinhu dzakadai seSnopes kana kuti PolitiFact. Kuwedzera kwemapepa kunogona kubatsira kubudisa mashoko anopanikirika.
Kusimbisa Bias Neboka
Apo tinoteerera bedzi vanhu vanobvumirana nesu, mirangariro yedu inova yakanyanyisa zvikuru uye inoedzwa zvishoma. Zvisingadzivisiki. “mutsigiri waChorvil” mutoo wedanho redanho [“achiisa mumwe munhu kuti arwisane nomurangariro wakapararira,] angashandiswa muboka ripi neripi kufumura utera mukurangarira.
Kurovedzana Mupfungwa Nourudzi
Nyaya dzechikwata ichi dzinowanzomutsa mirangariro yakasimba — rutyo, hasha, urudzi.Idzi dzinogona kuvhara kunzvera kune mufungo.
Kushaikwa Kwedzidzo Yakanaka
Unyanzvi hwokufunga husingaparadzirwi zvakanyatsonaka. Zvikoro zvinongoda kudzidza nomusoro pamusoro pebvunzo. Kunyora izvi zvisina kururama kunoda kuchinja kwetsika uye kuisa mari yenzanga mumapurogiramu okupfumisa dzidzo, maraibhurari, uye zvinobudisa nhau zvevoruzhinji.
Kupedzisa: Kudana Kufunga, Kuita Chibvumirano, uye Kusimbisa Ubati Ushe Hwehurumende Yoruzhinji
Kufunga kwokutsoropodza hakusi kungofunga chete, uye basa rehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu. Muhurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu, mugari wemo wose anofanira kufarira kubvunza vane simba, kuongorora uchapupu, uye kufunga nezvemaonero akasiyana neevo. Unyanzvi huri munyaya ino(((analysis), yera, rondedzero, kududzira, uye kuzvidzora) hazvisi zvenyanzvi kana kuti vezvematongerwo enyika chete; ndezvemunhu wose anosarudza, vazvipiri, kana kuti anozviudza pfungwa.
Kukudziridza unyanzvi uhu kunoda vavariro, muitiro, uye kuzvininipisa. Asi tuso dzakakura: zvisarudzo zvokufunga zvikuru, kurukurirano dzavose dzinovaka zvikuru, uye nzanga dzakashongedzerwa zviri nani kupedza zvinetso zvinogoveranwa. Sezvatinotarisana nezvinetso zvakaoma zvakadai sokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kusaenzana, uye kuvhiringidzwa kworuzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kudikanwa kwevafungi vanotsoropodza hakuna kutongova kukuru. Naizvozvo kana uri mudzidzi anodzidza bedzi kupanikira mirangariro, mudzidzisi anochinja kirasi yako, kana kuti mutsigiri wenguva refu anonatsa nharo dzako, anova akazvipira nhasi kuvandudza kufunga kwako kwokutsoropodza, uye kuishandisa mukubatira nzanga yakarurama zvikuru nehurumende inosarudzwa.