Kubva Musungano Kuenda Munjodzi: Kuumbwa Kwakaitwa Vatungamiriri veUP Northern Ireland

Ulster Unionist Party (UUUP) inomira sesangano rezvamatongerwe enyika rekaresa muNorthern Ireland, rakavambwa muna 1905 kudzivirira mubatanidzwa pakati peGreat Britain neIreland. Kwamakore 97 okutanga okuvapo kweNorthern Ireland, UP yakatongwa pasina kudzongonyedzwa, ichiumba rutivi rwuri rwose rwenzanga kubva panzvimbo dzinogoverwa kuva dzehurumende kuti dzive dzehurumende. UP utungamiriri hwebato racho nguva dzose hwakaratidzira kusawirirana kwomukati kwoubatanidzwa umene: kurwisana pakati pavatsigirini vakaoma vePurotesitendi nevediviswo vakazvipira kugadzira pokugara. Nokunzvera vatungamiriri vakuru vakuru veUupa, tinogona kuronda chisaririra chepfungwa dzechimubatanidzwa kubva mumavambo ahwo mukushora Kutonga, kupfurikidza nenguva yahwo refu yokusarira marwadzo mukati mamiriro ezvinhu aro aro azvinotambudza mukati Chechi neUN, uye kunzvera kwaromendero yeIrveri yeNorthern Arvences.

Vavambi: Kusimbisa Chizivikanwo Chomubatanidzwa

Sir Edward Carson: Mukoma Akakweva Nhengo

Kunyange zvazvo Sir Edward Carson akanga asiri mutungamiriri wokutanga weUP, iye anoramba ari munhu wesangano. Dublin-barrister naMP yeDublin University, Carson akanga ari mutsigiri asingakarirwi weUlsterism. Utungamiriri hwake kubva muna 1910 kusvikira muna 1921 hwakarondedzerwa nokuramba kwake chose kugamuchira Irish Home Rural. Carson haana kungoshora zvake Kutonga kweThird; akaunganidza kurwisana kweboka. Sungano yeUSric ya1912[FLD [[FLT: 1] yakanga iri tenzi yake, chibvumirano chakakomba chakasainwa navarume vanoda kusvika 50 000 000 000 navakadzi kushandisa "mitoo yose iri madikanwa" kukunda kutonga Musha. Ichi chiito chakashandura kubatanidzwa kubva kuboka reparamendichairst.

Carson akanga ane simba guru paUUP. Akapa boka racho muitiro wokurwisana, wekurwisa wakaramba kwamakumi amakore. Akaumba chisakiso chemubatanidzwa senhau yokuvimbika kuHurumende neBritish, panzvimbo pekuzvidzivirira kwakapfava kweropafadzo. Zvisinei, Carson akanga ariwo mutsigiri wemitemo. Akabetsera kutanga Ulster Colorance sountry Court Force sesangano rehondo asi pakupedzisira akazviisa kuParamende yeBritain. Apo chikamu chakava chisingadzivisiki, Carson akaramba zvakakurumbira kutungamirira Northern Ireland, achisarudza kuramba muWestminsternster. Kuramba kwake nzvimbo yokutanga yedare rokutanga kwakamutsiridza kuorwa kwake kuti aisagona kuponesa chitsuwa chose nokuda kwomubatanidzwa. Chiwi chake chinovambwa chakaparadzaniswa chose pakati pekudzivirira nokuremekedza nyika yeBritain.

James Craig: Kuvaka Dare reMitemo reProtestanti"

James Craig, gare gare Lord Craigvon, akanga ari mutungamiriri weUUUP uyo akavaka zvomenemene nyika yeNorthern Ireland. Kubatira soMutungamiriri Mukuru wokutanga weNorthern Ireland kuvambira muna 1921 kusvikira parufu rwake muna 1940, Craig akashandura kutaura kwomwoto kwaCarson kuva masangano akasimba ezvamatongerwe enyika. Iye akatungamirira kuumbwa kweRoyal Ulster Consaculary, B-Special, uye gadziriro yesangano revatongi yakanyanyovakwa kuti ichengete vabatanidzwa musimba. Craig akazivisa zvakakurumbira kuti Northern Ireland ine "Paramende yePurotesitendi neHurumende yePurotesitendi." Ikoku kwakanga kusati kuri kutaurawo zvako; kwakanga kuri kutaura kwedonzo.

UP yakagadza UP somumiriri wenzanga panzvimbo pebato rezvamatongerwe enyika renguva dzose. UUP pasi paCraig yakavhengana neOrange Order, mirairo yakavimbika, nechechi dzePurotesitendi. Chishoro chakabva kuvoruzhinji, avo vakabudiswa musimba, asi kuvamiriri vamasangano avo vakapomera Craig kuti akanga akapfava zvikuru. Simba raCraig rakanga riri rokuita nyika imwe yakatsigiwa nokudzorwa kwechikwata uye, apo kwaikosha. Uyu muenzaniso wehurumende wakashanda kwaanenge makore makumi mashanu, asi wakakusha mbeu dzenjodzi yekodzero dzavagari vemo idzo pakupedzisira dzaizoparadza gadziriro yeShulton. Craig akaita kuti UUPUP pakanga pakava nehurumende ine ngozi, apo hurumende iyoyo yakauya mudenho.

Nguva yeTsirpont: Kuchengetedza Nokubatana

Siri Bhasil Brooke: Mushumiri Murefu Zvikuru Wokutonga Kwomubatanidzwa Mumwe

Sir Basil Brooke, gare gare Visount Brookerough, akabatira seMutungamiriri Mukuru weNorthern Ireland kubvira muna 1943 kusvikira 1963. Hakuna mutungamiriri weUP akava nesimba kwenguva refu, uye vashomanene vakanga vane tsika dzakati shandei. Brooke akanga ari murume akamhara kubva County Ferenagh uyo akaona kubatana zvikurukuru sedziviriro yefariro dzePurotesitendi. Mupiro wake wakaipa zvikurusa wakanga uri kutaura kwa 1933 umo iye akakurudzira vabatanidzwa kusashandisa vaKaturike, achivadana kuti “kuramba kutendeka" uye tyisidziro kuhurumende. Nepo gare gare Brooke akataura kuti aya mashoko akatorwa mumashoko akapoteredza, vakaratidzira zvakarurama mufungo wesekete webatano yake.

Chigadziko chokutanga chaBrooke chakabatana nehurumende yegarikano yapashure pehondo, yakaunza betsero huru kuNorthern Ireland. Zvisinei, akadzivisa chinjo ipi neipi yegadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Chirongwa chedzimba, miitiro yebasa, uye miganhu yevhota pamutemo zvakaramba zvakaiswa mukurwisana navarwi venyika. Brooke akaramba kusangana neIrish Taois Mon de Valerate uye akachengeta rugare rwakanyarara rwakavakwa parusaruro rwesangano. UP akavimbisa kuti UUP yakaramba yakaomeswa muchimiro chayo cheCraiga - rera, asingakwanisi kana kuti asingadi kuchinjira kuchinjo yenyika ya1950s ne 1960. Apo maruramiro ehurumende akabuda muna 1960, UUP akanga asingakwanisi kupindura nokugamuchira nemhaka yezvirongwa zvaBrooke.

Tsungirira O’Neill: Mushandisi Wazvino Uno Akakundikana

Terence O'Neill akava Mutungamiriri wePrime muna 1963 uye akamirira paradzano inoshamisa kubva kuutungamiriri hwegamuchidzanwa hweUP. Iye akadzidziswa muEngland, akabatira muIrelandn Guards, uye akava nechiono chetechnocratic yeNorthern Ireland senzvimbo yazvino uno, yakabudirira yaigona kukwezva vatengi vokumwe. O'Neill akaziva kuti hurumende yamasangano haingagoni kupukunyuka nokusingaperi pasina kutaura kunyunyuta kwerudzi. Akaita kuti terevhizheni ipedzise kurukurirano dzenzanga dziri nani, yakashanyira zvikoro zveKaturike, uye muna 1965, akakoka Taoisseach Seavens kuti Spont nokuda kwehurukuro. Iwoyu wakanga uri musangano wokutanga pakati peNorthern Ireland Priment nomutungamiriri weDublin chibvi.

O'Neill's mubatanidzwa wakasununguka wakamutsa kupesana kunotyisa. Reverend Ian Paisley akabuda somushori wemugwagwa, achipomera O'Neill kuti anotengesa mubatanidzwa. Mukati meUP, backch MPs yakawedzera, achitya kubvumirwa kupi nokupi nourudzi. O'Neill's akakundikana zvikuru: akakurumidza zvikuru nokuda kwavatsigiri vake amene uye zvishoma nokuda kwekodzero dzevagari vemo dzinoda kuchinja nokukurumidza. Apo Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association yakavamba kufamba muna 1968, O'Eill akaedza kutendera hafu yourudzi urwo rusina kugutsa. Akarega kumhanya muna April 1969, mwedzi mishomanene pamberi pokuputika kweNhafu.

O'Neill’s tapuro paUUP yakanga iri yepanikiro. Akaratidzira kuti mubatanidzwa mumwe chete aigona kutsemuka, kuti kwakanga kune mvumo mukati mohumwe hwaida kupinda muurudzi. Asi akaratidzawo kuti midzi yebato haisati yaizoshivirira chinjo inokurumidza. Mutungamiriri ari wose akatevera UP uyo akaedza kushandura aitarisana nechishoro chimwe chetecho chomukati. Kukundikana kwaO’Neill kwakaisa mumvuri murefu pabato.

Brian Faulkner: Mutungamiriri weHurumende wokupedzisira weStormont

Brian Faulkner akanga ari mutungamiriri wedzidzo yakakwirira zvikurusa wenhambo yeStormont. Pakutanga murwi akarega kutsigira O'Neill mukusabvumirana pakuchinja zvinhu, Faulkner akashanduka zvinoshamisa. Apo akava Mutungamiriri mukuru muna 1971, Northern Ireland akanga atotanga chisimba. Faulkner akasuma wirirano pasina kutongwa muna August 1971, muitiro une ngwavaira uyo wakaparadzanisa nzanga yeKaturike ndokuwedzera rwisano. Asi Faulkner akazivawo kuti zvigadziro zvehondo zvakanga zvisingakwani. Pakazosvika 1973, akataurirana neSunningdale Region, iyo yakatanga chikwata chesimba kubatanidza varwi venyika yose uye varwi vemuchinjikwaya rwamavo nevomuchinjiki .

Faulkner kudisa kugoverana simba yakanga iri nhano yokuchinja nokuda kwomutungamiriri weUUP. Akagamuchira Council yeIreland, boka remikova yemichinjikwa raityisa vagari vemo. Sundingdale Muteveri mukuru wetsika yavanhu vakaregeredza yakagara mwedzi mishanu bedzi asati aparadzwa neUlster Workers’s Council Council muna May 1974, basa rakavimbika rakamisa kuti hurumende yeBritain yakaramba kutarisana ne. Faulkner yakasiya nebato rake amene, iyo yakaramba simba raiparadza Uupup uye yakatanga chidzidzo cheUnist Party cheNorthern Ireland, pro-Sundalemp iyo isina kutongowana chikamu. Chishamiso chaFaulkner chakanga chiri ngwavaira kuti iye adzore nokukurumidza kupfuura chikwata chake. Basa rake rakaratidzira kuti UUganda aizoparadza mutungamiriri upi noupi wedzinza ramaruwa rwapanyuko gare gare gare gare gare.

Zvinetso Nenzira Refu Yokurugare

James Molyneaux: Kunyarara

James Molyneaux akatungamirira Uup kubva muna 1979 kusvikira muna 1995, nhambo yaibatanidza makore akasviba zvikurusa eNhamo uye kunyandura kwapakuvamba kwegadziriro yorugare. Molyneaux akanga ari mutevedzeri mukuru, mushandisi weparamende uyo akada zvirongwa zvenzvimbo dzokushandira ruzhinji kukunda nhimbe. Akanga achipanikira zvikuru bvumirano yeBritain neIriji yakasainwa muna 1985, iyo yakapa Republic yeIreland basa rokubvunza muNon Northern Ireland. Molyneaux akaronga kutsutsutsumwa kweboka asi pakupedzisira akakundikana kumisa chibvumirano, icho hurumende yeBritain yakaisa pamusoro pezvibvumikiso zvesangano.

Molyneaux utungamiriri hwairatidzirwa nenyevero yakarovedzeka nerambi kubatanidzwa nehurumende yeIreland. Iye akachengeta batano dzapedyo neBritish Conservative Party asi akazviwana amene aiswa panzvimbo yakaderera sezvo hurumende yaJohn Major yakavamba kuongorora hurukuro dzechikamu chechikamaini neIRA. Simba reMolyneaux rakanga rakaipa zvikuru: akabvumira UP kukwevera apo DAP pasi peIisley yakabvutira nhano yokutanga mumigwagwa. Pakazosvika nguva yaakarega basa muna 1995, UP yakanga ichiri boka gurusa resangano renyika, asi kudzorwa kwayo kwakanga kwakaipa. Molyneauxaux akapa mutsivi wake wechikwata chaakanga akagadzirira nokuda kwechinjo dzinooneka dzakanga dzichiuya.

Dhavhidhi Anokanganisa: Muvambi Worugare Nokuderera Kwokuderera Kwokuzvidzwa

David Trimble utungamiriri hweUP kubva muna 1995 kusvikira muna 2005 ndihwo husingafarirwi nemhindu munhau yebato. Trimble yakabuda pabapiro reIrline rebato. Iye akanga ashora Ian Paisley uye akabatana nemukurumbira Ian Paisley mukutsutsutsumwa mukati merwendo rwa1995 Orange Order paDrumcree. Asi Trimble aiva nouchenjeri hwaizivikanwa nemukana wakapiwa neIRA yokugumisa kupisa kwa1994. Akapinda muhurukuro naSin Féin nehurumende yeIreland, chiito chaizodaive chisingafungiki nokuda kwevakuru veUPUP.

Chinonyanya kukura chakanga chiri Chibvumirano cheGood Frinder Treaunt ya1998, chaakakurukura pamwe chete nomutungamiriri weSDLP John Hume, Ireland Taoisseach Bertie Ahern, uye Mutungamiriri weBritain Tony Blair. David Trimble akagoverana Nobel Peace Prize naJohn Hume nokuda kwebasa rake mukuunza rugare kuNorthern Ireland. Chibvumirano chakatangwa chesimba rinodzora, chakaziva nheyo pamusoro pechinjo yemitemo, uye chakatanga miitiro yebatira pamwe chete. Trimble yakaita kuti ruzhinji rwevate vakabatana vabvume kugamuchira chibvumirano mu1998, kunyange zvazvo chikachikamu chairamba.

Utungamiriri hweTrimble hwakanga huri chiito chikuru. Akaramba achishorwa nebato rake, kubva kuDupu, uye kubva kumativi eOrange Order. Akarayira IRA kuti aparadze sechibvumirano chokugoverana simba naSinn Féin, chikumbiro chakanonotsa kuitwa kwebvumirano asi chakachengetedza kuvimbika kwomubatanidzwa. Dare ra2003 rakaona DUP ichibata UP kwenguva yokutanga, chishamiso chinoparadza. Tmble arega somutungamiriri muna 2005 pashure pokunge UP aderedzwa kuva chigaro chimwe cheWestminster.

Nhaka yeTrimpble inopesana zvikuru. Akabetsera kugumisa rwisano yakanga yauraya vanhu vanopfuura 3 500, chiitwa chenhau. Asi kudisa kwake kuisa ngozi nokuda kworugare kwakaputsa UP, achipinza vavhoti vakasimba kuDup nacentrist vavhotera kuChikamu cheAlliance. Trimble yakaratidzira kuti UUP yaigona kubudisa vatungamiriri vanokwanisa kuva vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanofungidzirwa. Akaratidzirawo kuti utungamiriri hwakadaro hungasvika pakurasikirwa nokubudirira kwebato. Muuyo wake paUP uchiri kunzwika makore makumi maviri gare gare gare.

Zana Remakore Rechi21: Kutsvaka Kuzivikanwa Kutsva

Regai Vakadzi Vasina Kuziva Zvakazoitika

Sir Reg Empey akakurira UUP muna 2005, akagara nhaka imwe boka raivhiringiswa nokurasikirwa nokudzora kwaro. Empey akanga ari mushumiri ane unyanzvi muNorthern Ireland Guedition asi akarwisa kubudisa chiono chinogombedzera nokuda kwenguva yemberi yebato. Akaedza kuisa UP semutengi, pro-untion pane imwe nzvimbo yeDuP, asi DUP pasi peIan Paisley uye gare gare Peter Robinson aidzora matongerwe enyika. Empey akarega basa muna 2010 pashure pokunge UUP akundikana kuita migumisiro inokosha. Kubudirira kwake kwakanga kuri kwokuchinja. Kugumi akanga ari kushamba, aiita apo boka racho raiedza kunzwisisa nzvimbo yaro muPost-Trouble, post-Exprovity.

Mike Nesbitt: Kuedza Kwechimurenga

Mike Nesbitt aichimbova mutungamiriri weterevhizheni uyo akava UUP muna 2012. Akamirira kubva kukuru kubva panzvimbo youtungamiriri hwemubato. Nesbitt akaramba zvakajeka kuti UP yaipfuura kare somudziviriri wenzanga uye akatsvaka kuitsiva sechikwata chakasununguka chainanga paminamato yavose, kukura kwemari, uye kusununguka munzanga. Akagamuchira mashoko ekutaura okuti "Giing Northern Ireland Work" uye akapikisa kuti mubvunzo wemitemo uigadziriswe kuitira kuti zvematongerwe enyika zvigone kuisa pfungwa panhau dzechingwa nedzemagariro.

Nesbitt anotungamirira akaona UP achitora nzvimbo dzakasununguka munzanga paroorano imwe cheteyo yevatano nokubvisa mimba, achiitsaura kubva kuDupus inochenjedzwa munzanga. Akakumbirawo "mavambo matsva" mumatongerwe enyika eNorthern Ireland, achitsoropodza mubatanidzwa weMibatanidzwa yePUP neSinn Féin. UP't yakazivisa chipikirwa pakuvamba. Sarudzo ya2016 yakaona UUP ichiwedzera zvigaro zvayo kusvikira ku 16. Zvisinei, kusarudzwa kweGungano kwa2017 kwakanga kuri ngwavaira, UP yakawira kuzvigaro 10 chete. Nesbit akabuda pakarepo.

Nesbitt yakanga iri pesvedzero kumutsa mibvunzo mikuru pamusoro pezivikanwo yeUP. Ko mubato ungagona kufamba kupfuura mavambo awo esekete ndokuva mubato wepakati wekodzero dzapamutemo here? Kana kuti kuva mubatanidzwa kwakabatanidzwa nomuzvarirwo nokuzivikanwa kwenzanga yePurotesitendi? Kundikano yaNesbitt yakakarakadza kuti mavambo eUP akanga asati agadzirira nokuda kwechinjo huru yakadaro, asi akabudirira kutanga gakava risati rapera.

Robin Swann Nedambudziko ReCHOVID

Robin Swann akava mutungamiriri weUUP muna 2017 uye akashanda saMushumiri weUP panenge paitika denda reCHOVAD-19. Utungamiriri hweSwann hwakarondedzerwa nenjodzi yeutano hwevoruzhinji, payaakatanga kuremekedza zvikuru nzira yake yokutaura nayo akaterama, uchapupu. Aiwanzova inzwi raivimbwa zvikuru muNorthern Ireland panguva yedenda, achipa mashoko aisimbisa sayenzi mune zvematongerwe enyika. Kukurumbira kweSunn kwakabvisa UUP mukuongorora, kuratidza kuti boka racho raigona kuremekedza vanhu vose kana rataura nezvehurumende yakakodzera.

Swann adzikamiswa somutungamiriri muna 2021, adzikamisa mubato pasina kupedza zvinetso zvawo zvenguva refu. UP akaratidzira kuti UP yaigona kubudisa vatendi vezvamatongerwe enyika vanokwanisa, vanoremekedzwa, asiwo kuti ikoku kwakanga kusina kukwana kubvisa kuderera kwenzvimbo. UP yakaramba yakavharirwa pakati peDuP yakadzora vhoti neAlliance Party yakakwezva vavhoti vane mwero.

Doug Beattie: Murwi WechiUnion Chazvino Uno

Doug Beattie akava mutungamiriri weUUP muna 2021, achiunza mavambo akasiyana saaichimbova Kaputeni weBritain uyo akabatira muAfghanistan neIraq. Beattie murwi akashongedzwa, mugamuchiri weMuchinjikwa waMarwa, uye mubatanidzwa wenzanga anosununguka munzanga. Anotsigira roorano imwe cheteyo yevatano nekodzero dzokubvisa pamuviri, nzvimbo dzakamuita kuti ashaye mubatanidzwa wegamuchidzanwa. Bettie akaedza kubvisa nharaunda ye "mubatanidzwa wekuwedzera kubatira pamwe", achisimbisa kuti kubatana kunofanira kuva kwakabatanidza vaKaturike, vashoma vedzinza, uye avo vasingazivi gamuchidzanwa reOrange.

Utungamiriri hwaDoug Beattie hwakaratidzirwa nokutendeseka nokunanga, asiwo nokuodzwa mwoyo kwevhoriyamu. Sarudzo 2022 Yakaona UP ichiwa kuzvigaro 9 chete, mugumisiro wayo wakaipa zvikurusa. Beattie atarisana nemibvunzo inopfuurira pamusoro pokuti kune nguva yemberi inobudirira nokuda kweUP sesimba rakasununguka. Anotaura kuti nzira yakaoma yeDUP yakundikana uye kuti pane nzvimbo yezvigaro zvine mwero, pro-Agreement, pro-Ault. Kana nzvimbo iyoyo iripo nouwaratiri hwakakwana hwokutsigira UUP inoramba iri mubvunzo wakaza.

Mugumo: Mugumo Wouzivi

Nhau youtungamiriri hweUlster Unionist Party inhau yeNorthern Ireland imene. Ganhuriro iyo Edward Carson naJames Craig vakavaka yakagadzirirwa nzanga isati ichavapozve. Voruzhinji vePurotesitendi vakatsigira udzori hweUP vave vachiderera, uye 2021 vaverengero yakasimbisa kuti chiverengero chavagari veKaturike zvino chinokunda chiverengero chavagari veProtestant pakati pavanhu vaduku. Nyika yezvamatongerwe enyika yakatsemuka, neDupus inobatanidza nzvimbo yakaoma yemubatanidzwa weUP uye chikwata chaAlliance Hutter Mutsinding cent.

Vatungamiriri veUUP vakatarisana nezvisarudzo zvisingabviri. O'Neill akaparadzaniswa nokuedza kushandura gadziriro yaidzivisa kuchinja. Faulkner akaparadzwa nokuparadza nokukurumidza kupfuura boka rake. Trimble akaparadzwa norugare rwaakaparira. Nesbitt akaparadzwa nokuedza kuita UUP chimwe chinhu chaisambova charo. Mutungamiriri mumwe nomumwe anoratidza musero wakasiyana womufungo wemubatanidzwa: mubslut, mugadziri, mugadziri, Fragmatist, mupfumi. Hapana akawana mutoo unogona kudzorera UP kuup yaichimbova chidzorero chayo.

Nguva yemberi yaUUP inotsamira pakuti inogona kubudisa chiono chokubatana chinokwezva muboka ravanhu vakawanda, Northern Ireland. Vaparidzi vanofanira kusarudza kana ari mudziviriri wefariro dzePurotesitendi, mutsigiri weUnion, kana kuti boka rakarurama rokutonga. Hakugoni kuva nguva imwe chete. Vatungamiriri vakaumba UP munguva yakapfuura vakasiya nhaka yakavhengana yezviitwa nekundikano, asi vose vakanzwisisa chinhu chimwe: kubatana kunofanira kuchinjika kana kuti kufa. Chinetso ichocho chinoramba chiri chekurumidziro nhasi sechakangari apo Trie O'Neill akatanga kuedza kutungamirira boka rake kunguva yemberi yakasiana.

UUP ingasatongovazve simba guru rayakanga iri nokuda kwenhau refu yezana ramakore rechi 20. Asi basa rayo refu, basa mukuita nokutsigira nyika yeNorthern Ireland, uye utungamiriri hwayo kupfurikidza negadziriro yorugare zvinovimbisa kuti inoramba iri mutambi anokosha. Mutungamiriri anotevera weUP achagara nhaka paboka rine gamuchidzanwa rinodada asi nguva yemberi isina chokwadi. Zvisarudzo zvavanoita zvichaumba kwete bedzi boka asi nyika huru yezvamatongerwe enyika yeNorthern Ireland kwamakumi amakore achauya.