Mari yechikoro ndeimwe yenhau dzinovapo zvikuru asi dzinonzwisiswa zvishoma mudzidzo yeAmerica. Madhora anodira muruwa rwechikoro chomunzvimbomo anosarudza chinhu chiri chose kubva pamuripo womudzidzisi noukuru hwekirasi kusvikira kukuvapo kwekosi dzapamusoro, mapurogiramu ounyanzvi, uye vapi vezvikoro. Vabereki, vadzidzisi, uye mitezo yenzanga, kunzwisisa kuti mari yechikoro inoshanda sei munzanga yenyu inokosha kuti vatungamiriri vazvidavirire uye kutsigira nokuda kwezviwanikwa zvemwana ari wose akafanirwa nazvo. Nyaya ino inotsanangura manyuko makuru ezvidzidzo zvechikoro, kuti madhora iwayo anoumba sei mhoteredzo yokudzidza, zvinetso zvinopfuurira izvo zvinoparira kusafanira kuva, uye nhanhomba dzekongi zvinogona kuita kuti upedze kurukurirano yokubhadhara mari muruwa rwako.

Kunzwisisa Mari Yechikoro: Zvinonyanya Kukosha

Mari yechikoro haisati iri nzira imwe yemari; igadziriro inonamirwa inobva kumanyuko ehurumende, ehurumende, uye omunzvimbomo. Muvhenganiswa waaya manyuko unosiana zvikuru nehurumende uye kunyange noruwa mukati menyika imwe cheteyo. Munzanga zhinji, mitero yezvinhu yomunzvimbomo inogovera mugove mukurusa, nepo mune dzimwe mari inodzorwa nehurumende. Kunzwisisa ichi inhano yokutanga kukuziva chikonzero nei zvimwe zvikoro zvine maarabhu ehurumende uye zvimwe zvichitamburira kugadzira matenga anovira.

Hurumende zhinjisa dzinoshandisa mutoo wokuvamba [ kuti dziverenge kuti imarii iyo ruwa rumwe norumwe runofanira kugamuchira. Iyi nzira inowanzovamba nechivako chemari yoga yoga yoga uye ipapo inogadziridza nokuda kwezvinhu zvakadai seurombo hwevadzidzi, mugariro wechiNgezi, uye ukuru hweruwa. Dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisawo nzira inoshandiswa kuenzanisa namasimba [[ inoedza kuenzanisa mano evapfumi navagari vemo varombo kukwidza mari yomunzvimbomo. Kuoma kweidziridza mitauro iyi kazhinji kazhinji kunoita kuti zvive zvakaoma nokuda kwavanhu kuona uko mari inobuda nokuenda.

Chikonzero Nei Kutsigira Zvinhu Zvokusasarura

Nzvero inoratidzira kuti ndyiko dzechikoro dzakawedzerwa dzinotungamirira kumiuyo yavadzidzi iri nani, zvikurukuru nokuda kwavadzidzi vanotambira mari shoma. Nzvero dzakawana kuti wedzero ye 10% mukushandisa mari mumakore echikoro pagore romwana yakabatanidzwa namakumi akakwirira emiedzo, mwero yakakwirira yokupedza kufunda, uye mari inowedzerwa munguva yemberi. Chinopesana ndechechokwadiwo: apo mari inoderedzwa, kubudirira kwavadzidzi kunotambura. Munzanga umo mari inofambiswa zvikuru nepfuma yepfuma yomunzvimbomo, vana mumaruwa ane mari yakaderera vanotanga panjodzi inoparira zvinhu munguva yemberi.

Kwakabva Mari Yechikoro: Kunyatsoongorora

Kuti unzwisise kuti zvikoro zvekwaunogara zvinowana mari yakadini, zvakanaka kuongorora zvinhu zvitatu zvinonyanya kukonzera mari uye kuti chimwe nechimwe chinobatsira sei pakushandisa mari.

Kutsigira Mari

Kunyange zvazvo hurumende yehurumende ichigovera inenge 8% kusvikira ku 10% yehwerengedzo yedzidzo muUnited States, madhora iwayo anoitirwa zvitsauko zvavagari vemo zvakati nezvinokosha. Purogiramu hurusa yehurumende ndi Tit I , rutivi rweElementary and Secondal Education Act (ESA), iyo inogovera mari yokuwedzera kuzvikoro zvine mibato yapamusoro yavadzidzi vanobva mumhuri dzinowana mari. Mutengo I mari inoitirwa kuvanza miganhuro nokutsigira murayiridzo wokuwedzera, kuvimbisana, uye kuvandudza kwounyanzvi nokuda kwevadzidzi.

Imwe purogiramu huru yehurumende ndi Incdivians ne Dicultural Education Act (IDEA), iyo inogovera mari kuti ibetsere kufukidza ndyiko dzamabasa edzidzo chaiyo. Mari inobhadharwa nokuda kwomurayiridzo chaiwo, kurapa, unyanzvi hwokubatsira, uye dzimwe tsigiro dzinodikanwa nomutemo wehurumende. Vatsoropodzi vakanongedzera kwenguva refu kuti hurumende yehurumende haina kutongoripirwa zvizere IDEA pamwero inobvumirwa, inosiya nyika namaruwa kuti zviite mugove mukuru wendyiko dzedzidzo chaiyo kupfuura pakuvamba Dare renyika.

Mamwe manyuko ehurumende anobatanidza Career ne Education (CTE) inopa , SSchool programu yeProfection Grants [ nokuda kwezvikoro zvinoshanda zvakaderera, uye mapurogiramu amakwikwi akadai se Kubetsera nokunzvera [[FLT] Purogiramu yeIRC]. . Nepo madhora omubatanidzwa ari maduku zvikuru muagregate, kazhinji kazhinji anoshanda samapaipi ezvikoro nokuda kwezvikoro zvinobatira vadzidzi vasingatani kukuvadzwa zvikurusa.

Kutsigira Kutsigira Kwehurumende

Hurumende ndiyo musimboti wemari yechikoro munyika dzakawanda, zvikurukuru ichipa mupiro pakati pe 45% ne 55% yemari yose. Mari yehurumende inobva zvikurukuru pamitero yemari inowanwa, mitero yemari yokutengesa, uye mimwe mibhadharo yenzvimbo yehurumende. Nzira iyo hurumende inoparadzira nayo iyi mari inogona kuderedza kana kuti kuwedzera mipasa inoparirwa nemitero yenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo.

Manyika anoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana- siyana kuparadzira yamuro yedzidzo. Dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisa mari yakawandisa papepa rinopa , iyo inopa mari yakafanana paruwa pamusha pasinei zvapo nepfuma yomunzvimbomo. Dzimwe dzinoshandisa [ mitauro yakaenzana [ inogovera mari yakawanda kumaruwa ane zvinhu zvakaderera kana kuti mipimo mikuru yeurombo. Mitemo inofambira mberi zvikurusa inobatanidza gadziridzo [ inotengwa nemisiyano yeruwa mumutengo webasa, zvifambiso zvinoda, uye mutengo wokuendesa dzidzo kunzvimbo dzapasiri dzomumaruwa kana kuti dzakakwirira.

Mienzaniso Yokutsigira Mari Kwehurumende

Mukuwirirana nomushumo 2022 kuTrust yeDzidzo, unodudza zvakadai se California, Minnesota, uye New Jersey ine gadziriro dzokutsigira mari dzinotungamirira maruwa ane mari yakawanda kunzvimbo dzakakwirira kupfuura kumaruwa ane urombo. Mukupesana, dzinobatanidza Arizona, Nevada, uye Pennsylvania chaizvoizvo] dzinogovera mari shoma kumaruwa avo anoshaiwa zvikuru, zvikurukuru nemhaka yokuti miganhuro yavo inokundikana kukurira miuyo yemitero yepfuma. Iyi inobvisa mitero inoreva kuti chinyorwa chomwana chinogona kusarudza rudzi rwedzidzo yavo.

Mari Yomunzvimbomo

Mari yemomo inotorerwa, inotobva pamitero yenzvimbo, inoumba chikamu chikuru chechitatu chechinovhiringidza. Mipiro yomunzvimbomo inovambira pa 10% muhurumende dzine nhamburiko dzakasimba dzokuwirirana kuinopfuura 60% mumashoko anosiya zvisarudzo zvemari zvizhinjisa kunzanga dzomunzvimbomo. Nemhaka yokuti mipimo yezvinhu inosiana zvikuru mukati mehurumende, maruwa ari munharaunda dzakabudirira anogona kukwidza mari yakawanda zvikuru mudzidzi mumwe nomumwe nomutero wakaderera kupfuura maruwa ari munharaunda dzine urombo inogona kuva nemitero yakakwirira zvikuru.

Uku kutsamira pamitero yenzvimbo kunoparira icho vanzveri vanodana kuti “kusaenzana kwemari kwechikoro” kwemari yechikoro (ishoko rakatangwa nomunyori wedzidzo Jonathan Kozol. Somuenzaniso, mumusha wakapfuma, muridzi wenzvimbo angabhadhara 1,2% yemari inopinza $18 000 pamusha woga woga, nepo muridzi weruwa wemusha angabhadhara 1.8% asi anokwira bedzi $8,000 pamusha nemhaka yokuti mipimo yezvinhu yose yakaderera zvikuru.

Zvaishandiswa Pamitero Nenhamburiko Yemitero

Mifungo miviri mikuru mumari inobhadharwa muruwa ndiyo pamavambo emutero. uye nhamburiko yemutero. Chivako chemitero ndiwo ukoshi hwemari inotemwa yenzvimbo inobhadharwa muruwa. Nhamburiko yemitero inobhadharo inobhadharwa. Ruwa rune mutero wakakwirira runogona kubudisa mari yakawanda nenhamburiko yakaderera, nepo ruwa rune mutero wakaderera runofanira kuuchayamura pamutero pachaunofanira kuva wakakwirira zvikuru kuti usvike chitsama chakafanana nechitsama. Zvikamu zvizhinji zvakaedza kudzokoro zvapamutemo [[[FLT]] [FFFF:]] [5] inotora mari yakawanda kubva kumitengo yakaderera zvikuru uye inopfumbadzwa zvikuru se “inozivikanwa seyakakurumbira zvikuru kwazvo. [Hoob]

Zvipo Nemipiro

Kupfuura manyuko matatu makuru, zvikoro zvakawanda zvinotsamirawo pa zvipo zvemari napahurumende zvokushandisa. Mipiro yoga pamwe chete ne mipiro nenheyo zvapachivande . Zvikoro izvi kazhinji kazhinji hazvizivikanwi uye zvinoda kuenda kuzvikoro izvo zvine vashandi namano okunyora. Mipiro inogaro kupfurikidza namasangano omudzidzisi (PTAs) uye nheyo dzedzidzo yomunzvimbomo zvinogona kuwedzerwa mari nokuda kwenzendo dzomumunda, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye marongedzero, asi izvowo zvinoiswa munzvimbo dzakapfuma. Kunzvera 2019 kupfurikidza neDziyo yakawana kuti zvikoro zvinobatira vadzidzi vazhinji vachena navapfumi zvikuru paPtai, zvikoro zvinobatira vadzidzi vazhinjisa.

Kutapura Kunoita Dzidzo Kushandisa Mari Yechikoro

Chitsama chemari chinogamuchirwa nechikoro chinoshandura zvakananga muzviwanikwa zvinowanika kuvadzidzisi navadzidzisi. Nepo kuchibvira kushandisa mari pasina budiriro, makumi amakore okunzvera anoratidza kuti mari yakakwana, yakatsiga iri madikanwa (86) nokuda kwedzidzo yakakwirira.

Vatengesi Nokuhwanda

Mari dzechikoro dzinoshandiswa zvikuru; inenge 80% yendyiko dzokushanda dzinoenda kumibhadharo nebetsero. Maruwa akasanorongwa anogona kupa mibairo yamakwikwi kukwezva nokuchengeta vadzidzisi vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira, nepo zvikoro zvakapfumbaira kazhinji kazhinji zvichiparapatika nemwero yakakwirira yemari uye zvinofanira kubhadhara vashandi vasina ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwakawanda. vara remudzidzisi ndiro chinhu chimwe chinokosha zvikurusa muchikoro nokuda kwechiitwa chavadzidzi [, kuchiita mubhadharo mubato inhau inodenha nhau yakakwana.

Hukundu hweMhando

Kukura kwekirasi duku kunobvumira vadzidzisi kupa mirayiridzo yakawanda yavanhu vamwe navamwe, zvikurukuru mumagiredhi apakuvamba. Nzvero inobva kuTennessee/Mufundisi Reprovement Ratio (STAR) yakaratidzira kuti vadzidzi vanogoverwa kukirasi duku mukireshi kusvikira kugiredhi rechitatu vakapfuudzira vaenzani vavo pamiedzo yakatarwa uye vaiva nebviro huru kupinda koreji. Asi makirasi maduku anoda kupinza vadzidzisi vakawanda, uko kunodyira mari. Maruwa akadzorwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanomanikidzirwa kuwedzera mwero wekirasi, zvikurukuru mukati memari yakapindwa.

Zvipo Zvepurogiramu

Kushandisa mari kutema kana chikoro chichipa zvidzidzo zvakawanda kana kuti zviduku. Maruwa eAffluent anowanzogovera makosi akakwirira (AP) zvirongwa, International Baccalaupare (IB) mitauro yenyika, nziyo, uye unyanzvi. Maruwa anotambira mari yakaderera angapa bedzi makosi anodikanwa muchiNgezi, masvomhu, sayenzi, uye zvidzidzo zvenzanga. Opportunity mipata yemis[ mumipiro inovamba [1] dzimwe tsororo dzezvikoro zvakakwirira zvinoshaiwa nziyo dzakatsaurirwa kana kuti vadzidzisi vounyanzvi, nepoka zvikuru vane nguva yakazara yedzidzo yemasvota.

Zvirongwa Zvepachikoro

Mitambo, makirabhu, uye mapurogiramu abva kuchikoro hazvisi zvinhu zvokupfumisa chete; zvinochengeta vadzidzi vachivimbisa nokugovera kukura kwemagariro anokosha. Asi aya mapurogiramu anotsamira pakutsigira mari nokuda kwavarayiridzi, migove, zvokufambisa, uye nzvimbo. Mumaruwa akawanda akashatiswa, vadzidzi vanofanira kubhadhara “ mari yokutamba" [ mari yokukumbanira timu kana kuti kiro, kuparira mhingani nokuda kwemhuri dzinowana mari shoma.

Nzvimbo Nezvounyanzvi

Mugariro womuviri wezvivako zvezvikoro chiratidzo chinooneka chokushandisa mari yokusagona kufunda. Zvikoro mumaruwa akapfuma zvine marabhoritari azvino uno, makirasi akanaka, uye ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu rwazvino uno. Mumaruwa ane urombo zvikuru, vadzidzi vangadzidza mumakirasi akatsvikinyidzana ane mabhuku akareruka uye kuwanikwa kwapaInternet isingavimbiki. Mushumo 2020 weUniversation Accouncial Office yeUnited States wakawana kuti 54% yemaruwa ezvikoro zvenyika dzinoda kuvandudza kana kuti kutsiva gadziriro dzakawanda dzokuvaka.

Matambudziko Mumari Yechikoro

Kunyange kana mari yose yakashandiswa iri yakakwirira, zvirongwa zvechikoro zvokushandisa mari zvine zvinetso zvinokonzera kusaruramisira.

Kutsigira Kusiyana Kwemari Pakati Pemaruwa Anouya Neakaderera

Mukaha uri pakati pemaruwa akakwira zvikurusa neakaderera zvikurusa unoramba uri mukuru munyika dzakawanda. Maererano ne Law Center ye “Is Funding Fair here?” Mushumo, mamiriro okupesana akanyanya aripo munyika dzakadai sePennsylvania, umo maruwa ezvoupfumi anogamuchira inenge 33% pasi pemudzidzi kupfuura maruwa akaderera zvikuru pashure pokugadziridza kwavadzidzi. Musiana, kufanana neNew Jersey neMassachusetts anogovera mari yakawanda kumaruwa akakwirira, nemhaka yemiitiro inofambira mberi.

Kutsamira Pamitero Yezvinhu Yomunzvimbomo

Kuvimba nemitero yenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo kunoparira kusaruramisira kukuru uko denho dzapamutemo dzisina kupedzwa zvizere. Chifo nhau youprista yechiratidzo muCalifornia muna 1971, matare munyika dzakawanda akatonga kuti gadziriro dzokushandisa mari dzinofanira kuva dzisina kusarura. Kunyange zvazvo miitiro yehurumende ichigadziridzwa, mari yomunzvimbomo inowanzoyerera munzira idzo dzinoderedza wirirano dzezviwiro, nepo maruwa ane urombo zvikuru anoparapatika kuti asvitse zvinodikanwa zvikuru zvokushanda.

Kuderera Kwemabhangi Munguva Yokuderera Kwemari

Mari yechikoro inotapurwa nezvidzokororo zvemari. Apo derero remari rinorova, mari inobviswa, uye zvikoro kazhinji kazhinji zvinotarisana nokuderera kwemari inodzorwa nokukurumidza sokudikanwa kwebasa (kwakadai sezvokudya zvamafaro, kupa zano, uye tarisiro dzoutano) kunowedzera. Dambudziko reCOVID-19 rakaparira kutemwa kwakakomba munyika dzakawanda, kunyange zvazvo madhora ehurumende anodzoserwa mberi kwechinguvana. Zvikamu izvi zvinogadzirwa zvinomhanya zvichiva zvakaoma kuronga kwenguva refu [[ uye zvinokuvadza zvikuru maruwa ane matura akaganhurirwa.

Kusakwana Kwemari Yokushandisa Dzidzo Chaiyo

Dzidzo chaiyo imurairo womubatanidzwa, asi sezvadudzwa pakuvamba, mugove wemari wehurumende weIDEA wakaperevedza kare zvikuru pa 40% iyo Dare raibvumira pakuvamba. Iyi nyika namaruwa kufukidza mukaha wacho, uye ndyiko yemabasa chaiwo edzidzo inogona kuva yakapetwa kaviri kupfuura iya yedzidzowo zvayo. Kana ruwa rune mwero wakakwirira wavadzidzi vane urema, bhajeti yokushanda yenguva dzose inova shomanene zvikuru, kazhinji kazhinji inomanikidzira kudimburwa kune imwe nzvimbo.

Matambudziko Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Neapamutemo

Mari yechikoro ndeyemuzvarirwo. Vabhadhari vemitero yemari yemari yemari kana kuti mitero yemari yehurumende, kunyange apo zvikoro zvinenge zvisingabhadharwi. Munguva ino, madare echikoro anofanira kutaurirana zvinotanga zvinopesana((sabhari, mapurogiramu, zvirongwa, manzvimbo. Hurumende dzinopa misha yokupinda kubva kumaruwa akapfuma ayo anoda kuchengeta mari yomunzvimbomo uye kumibatanidzwa yevadzidzisi inotsigira mari yakawanda. Mitemo pamusoro pokushandisa mari yakaenzana yave yaiswa munyika dzakawanda, nemigumisiro yakavhenganiswa; mamwe matare akamanikidzira kuidzira kuidzwa kwemitengo, nepo mamwe masangano akadzosera kutongwa nemitemo.

Kutsigira Kutsigira Kudzidza Munzanga Yenyu

Kuchinja kwaungaita kunobvira apo mitezo yenzanga inonzwisisa gadziriro yacho ndokuronga nenzira inobudirira.Hedzino nzira chaidzoidzo dzokuva mutsigiri anobudirira.

Ita Pamwe Chete Nebhodhi Yechikoro Cheko

Mitezo yedare rechikoro inosarudzwa vakuru vakuru vanobvumira kuronga mari, vanoisa mitero, uye vanoita zvisarudzo zvemiitiro zvinotapura mari. Kupinda misangano yedare rechikoro nguva dzose ndiyo imwe yenzira dzine simba zvikurusa dzokugara nadzo nokunzwiwa. Unogona kuhwirudzura magwaro ebhajeti pamberi pemisangano, kubvunza mibvunzo pamusoro pokushandisa mari yokutanga, uye tsigiro yenzwi nokuda kwepurogiramu dzine chokuita newe. Masangano mazhinji ezvikoro anobatawo kunzwa [[[FLT: 0]]

Pinda Misangano Yemunharaunda NeHoro Dzeguta

Maruwa echikoro namasangano ehurumende omunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji anogamuchira nzvimbo dzavose kuti vakurukure mari, zvirongwa zvechisungo, uye gadziriro dzemubatanidzwa. Kuratidzirwa kumisangano iyi kunoratidzira kuti dzidzo inotsigira nhau kunzanga. Muhurumende dzakawanda, zvisarudzo pamusoro pemari yechikoro zvinoitwa kwete pamwero woruwa asi paimba yapamutemo, uko kunoreva kuti kupinda horo dzetaundi dzomunzvimbomo dzinogamuchirwa navapi vemitemo kunokosha zvakaenzana. Kubvunza mumiriri wako kana kuti mutarisiri wehurumende kuti vanovhotera sei pazvikwereti zvedzidzo uye kuti zvinonyanyova zvinokosha sei.

Vatanga Kutsigira Nemabhazi Okutsigira

Maruwa mazhinji ezvikoro anokumbira vavhoti kubvumira [[FLT: 0] kubatira pamwe mitero, mipimo yechisungo, kana kuti kuwedzera mutero kusimudzira mari yomunzvimbomo. Iyi mipimo inowanzova nzira bedzi yokuwedzera nayo mari kupfuura inogovera nyika. Kushandisa matanho aya kunoreva kutaura kuvavakidzani, kunyora tsamba kumapepanhau omunzvimbomo, uye kuzvipira nematare enhimbe. Kunzvera kunoratidza kuti muvhoti muvhoti anowanzova akaderera, naizvozvo boka duku, rakapindwa rinogona kuva nepesvedzero inopfuura.

Kubatana Nemasangano Omunzvimbomo

Sangano dzomudzidzisi navadzidzisi (PTAS), masangano omudzidzisi, mapoka ekodzero dzavagari vemo, uye masangano akavakirwa panzanga ishamwari dzomusikirwo muchikoro dzinopa mari yokutsigira. Mapoka akafanana ne Translation Trust uye [[FLT] National Education Association (NEA) inogovera kunzvera, zvishandiso zvechinyakare, uye mashoko ehurumende anogona kubatsira vatsigiri vezvomunzvimbomo kuita zvibvumikiso zvinosimbiswa. Kubatana kana kuti kuita mubatanidzwa wemanzwi ako uye kuparadzira basa.

Shandisa Mashoko Nokutsvakurudza Kuti Uite Kuti Zvikuomere

Kushanda kwoumbavha kunotsamira pamaidi. Shandisa mashoko kubva kudhipatimendi redzidzo yako, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)[FLT 1:1], uye masangano asingabudiriri mari inobhadharwa nemari inotevedzerwa. Somuenzaniso, Mutezo womutemo [[FLT]] unobudisa kadhi regore rinopamhizha rinotaura pamusoro pemari. Kuratidza kuti ruwarendi yenyu inoenzanisa sei nevamwe (papul) nokushandisa mari, mudzidzisi, kana kuti mwero yokupedza kufunda. [kudzosa mapepa]

mhedziso

Mari inoshandiswa kuchikoro haisati iri nhau younyanzvi husingadzorwi; inheyo pakavakirwa nguva yemberi yomwana ari wose. Kupesana mumari kuripo munzanga dzose hakuiti tsaona(idzo inoitwa namakumi amakore ezvisarudzo zvemitemo, miitiro yemitero, uye kubvumirana kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Asi zvisarudzo izvozvo zvinogona kudzokororwa nokuchinjwa. Somutezo wenzanga, une zvose zviri zviviri mukana nomutoro wokunzwisisa mari yechikoro mutaundi rako pachako, ruware, ruwa, uye nyika. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidzwa namabhodhi ezvikoro, kubatira pamwe chete namapoka ezvokukurukurirana, uye kushandisa mashoko kutungamirira nharo dzako, unogona kubetsera kuti mudzidzi ari wose, pasinei hapo nebumbiro remitemo, asvike dzidzo yavose. Kukurukurirana kunotanga newe.

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