Kuoma Kwematongerwe Ezvinhu: Mabhuku Oupenyu Chaiwoiwo Mhiri KweFederal, Hurumende, uye Nzvimbo Dzomunharaunda

Kunzwisisa kuti hurumende inoshanda sei pamwero yayo yakasiana - siana kunopfuura kurovedza kwedzidzo. Icho chinodikanwa chinoshanda nokuda kwokuvimbisa kuva mugari wemo. Nokuda kwavadzidzi navadzidzisi zvakafanana, kuona mifungo isina mufungo yehurumende ichivapo kupfurikidza nekongiri, mienzaniso chaiyoiyo yenyika inoita kuti mibato yokudzora ive yakajeka. Nyaya ino inonzvera migariro yechokwadi yomunzvimbomo, hurumende, uye mwero wehurumende, inoratidzira kuti ruvara rumwe norumwe runoshanda sei mabasa akasiyana - siyana apo runowanzoshanda pamwe chete kukurukura zvinodikanwa zvakaoma. Kubva mukugadziridza mugwagwa worudzi, mwero mumwe nomumwe wehurumende unobata upenyu hwezuva nezuva munzira dzinogona kucherekedzwa, kurangarirwa, uye kuongororwa.

Hurumende Yomunzvimbomo: Mutsetse Wakananga Webasa Ravose

Hurumende yomunzvimbomo mwero wokutonga kunooneka nokukurumidza zvikurusa uye kunowanika kuvagari vemo. Masangano eguta, masangano eruwa, madare ezvikoro, uye maruwa chaiwo anoita zvisarudzo izvo zvinoumba nzanga chaidzo. Mitoro yazvo yakasiana - siana, kuvambira pakotsekano yavose kusvikira kunzvimbo dzokuchengetera zvinhu. Zviitiko zvinotevera zvinoratidzira kuti hurumende yomunzvimbomo inoshanda sei mukushanda.

Kutanga Kwehurumende Nokuchengeteka Munzanga

Madhipatimendi emapurisa omunharaunda anowanzoshandisa zvirongwa zvemapurisa zvenzanga zvinopfuura kuchengetwa kwomutemo. Somuenzaniso, Conteration Communist programs inozivikanwa navose muvakuru vakuru vemitemo kuti vade zviitiko zvendangariro. Mubiyamuni nevashandi venzanga uye masangano ezvoutano hwendangariro kuti vatsause vanhu kubva mutorongo kuenda kunzira dzokurapwa. Nhanho dzakadaro dzinobatanidza vagari vomunzvimbomo vanoda kuchengeteka nemhinduro dzetsitsi. Izvi zvisarudzo zvomunzvimbomo zvinoratidzira mipimo yenzanga nezvinoiswa pakutanga, uye zvinodzorwa chose chose chose chose, uye zvinotarisirwa pamwero yemipimo yehurumende asi zvinoiswa kumipimo yehurumende.

Mabasa Avose Nezvidzidzo

Kuchengeta migwagwa, mabhiriji, mamichina emvura, uye kutakura vanhu zvinopinda muhurumende dzomunzvimbomo. Rangarira basa rebato rehurumende rinoshanda rinoronga kugadziriswa kwemakomba pashure pechando chakashata. Vagari vanoridza nzvero kupfurikidza negadziriro ye 311; dhipatimendi rinopa vashandi vakavakirwa pauwandu hwemotokari nenjodzi. Mutengo unotakurwa nemitero yenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo uye mari inotambirwa nehurumende. Zvirongwa zvizhinji zvakaoma, zvakafanana nokuvandudza chipatara chokurapa kuti chiwire mutezo chemvura kuti chiwirirane nemitemo yeSave Saved Divise Act yomunzvimbomo, kubatanidza kuronga kwomunzvimbomo, kutarisira, uye dzimwe nguva mari yehurumende kubva kuHwendizo yeNhunganochengeteko yeNzvikwazvo. Iyi mutengo inoiswa mumitengono yomunzvimbomo kuti chiito chomunzvimbomo chomunzvimbomo chinosimbiswa mugadziriro yehurumende yapavhu.

Kufema Nenyika Zvinoshandisa Zvisarudzo

Mapurani okugadzira nzvimbo nenzvimbo dzokurongedza zvinoumba magariro chaiwo enharaunda. Chinoitika chaichoicho: muvaki anoda kuvaka imba yakavhengana yakavharwa pedyo nenzvimbo inogara. Komishoni yokuronga yomunzvimbomo inoita kuti vanhu vanzwe, inoongorora kufunda kwemhoteredzo, uye inorangarira kufamba kwemotokari. Vashori vangapikisa pamusoro poukombi hwechikoro, kana kuti mipimo yezvinhu. Vatsigiri vanosimbisa kuperevedza kwedzimba uye simba remari. Chisarudzo chokupedzisira chinosimbisa, kuramba, kana kuti gadziridza chirongwa chacho. Ichi ibasa routongi hunosarudzwa nomunzvimbomo, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji rinokakava negakavaro, asi kuratidzira nheyo yokuti nzanga dzinofanira kuva nenzwi radzoro mukubudirira.

Utano Hwevanhu Vose Munzvimbo Yomunzvimbomo

Madhipatimendi outano omunzvimbomo ari kudzivirira zvirwere. Mukati medenda reCHOVAD-19, aya masangano akaronga nzvimbo dzokuedza, kunzvera, uye kiriniki dzenhomba. Kupfuura migariro yekurumidziro, madhipatimendi omunzvimbomo outano anomanikidzira kunzverwa kwezvokudya zveresitorendi, anotarisira zvinodikanwa zvokudzivirira vana nokuda kwokupinda chikoro, uye anotarisira gadziriro dzoutano hwomwana, kudzivirira STD, uye kutarisirwa kwehosha dzinogara. Aya masangano aya anogadzirirwa ku zvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo, `a nharaunda yomumaruwa anganangidzira pakugona kutarisirwa, nepo basa remuguta rinonangidzira kuchengeteka zvokudya nenjodzi dzemhoteredzo. [[FLD:0] .[FLT]

Hurumende: Hurumende Yapakati Yemitemo Nokushandiswa

Hurumende dzine masimba makuru akaitwa neTenth Amendment. Dzinodzora dzidzo, zvokufambisa, kutarisira utano hwevagari vemo vakaderera, ruramisiro yeutsotsi, uye mitemo yemhoteredzo. Hurumende dzinopa mitemo, magavhuna anoiuraya, uye matare ehurumende anoidudzira. Zviitiko zvinotevera zvinoratidza hurumende nezviito chaizvo.

Muitiro Wedzidzo Nokushandisa Mari

Hurumende imwe neimwe inogadza mipimo yedzidzo, inopa nzvero dzamatanho akarongwa, uye inoparadzira mari kuruwa rwezvikoro. Muenzaniso wazvino uno kugadzirwa kwegadziriro dzokuzvidavirira K-12] dzinoyera kushanda kwechikoro pamitemo yemitemo, mwero yedzidzo, uye zvimwe zviratidzo. Manyika anotarisirawo mudzidzisi, chiremera chechikoro, uye zvinodikanwa zvekotsekano yechikoro. Apo chibvumirano chehurumende chinowedzera kutsigira dzidzo, chingaranga miganhu yakaderera kana kuti mwero wemapoka maduku. Njodziro dzinoshandisa mutengo kuderedza zvisarudzo zvakaoma nezvinonyorwa zvemiitiro dzounyanzvi kana kuti ukukwidza. . Dare rechikoro repamutemo rezvokuchengeteko renyika [[FLT]

Zvekufambisa Nezvirongwa

Madhipatimendi ehurumende ezvokufambisa anotarisira migwagwa mikuru, mabhiriji, nhandare dzendege, uye kufambiswa kwevanhu vose. Chinoitika chinoshanda: DOT inozivisa kukurukurirana kwakazara kunoda kuwedzerwa. Inoita zvidzidzo zvezvakatipoteredza, inoita kuti vanhu vanzwe, inopa mitero yepeturu yepeturu, uye inoshanda nokuda kwemari yehurumende inobva kuDhipatimendi reFambation. Kuvaka kungabatanidza makore, kukanganisa kufamba kwemotokari nebhizimisi. Hurumende dzinotarisira kunyoresa motokari, uye kudzivirira motokari. Iyi mitoro inoda kubatanidzwa nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo (idzo dzinochengeta migwagwa yomunzvimbomo) uye masangano ehurumende (iyo inogadza mipimo yekotseko yeko nero yokugovera mari).

Kudzorwa Kwemhoteredzo

Nyika dzine chiremera chikuru pamusoro penhau dzakawanda dzemhoteredzo, kazhinji kazhinji dzichishandisa mitemo yehurumende yakadai seCeaner Water and Clean Air Act kupfurikidza negadziriro dzinopiwa. Somuenzaniso, California Air Resources Board (CARB) inogadza mipimo yezvifambiso zvemotokari yorumano kupfuura hurumende yehurumende, chiito icho dzimwe nyika dzingagamuchira. Masangano ehurumende emhoteredzo anotarisirawo kubvumidzwa kwenzvimbo dzamabasa eindasitiri, kudzika ganhuriro yeshatiso, uye kutarisira nzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzehurumende. Gakavadzano yomunzvimbomo ringabatanidza feki inoshandisa mvumo yebvumiro; masangano ehurumende anohwirudzura tsinhiro dzavose, uye mvumo yemhiko dzemigariro yemari inodzikamisa migariro yepfuma nedziviriro yemhoteredzo.

Kutarisira Utano Neutarisiri hweMedicaid

Pasi peAffordIble Care Act, mashoko ane chisarudzo chokuwedzera Médicaid kuti ifukidze vakuru vanowana mari yakaderera zvikuru. Dzimwe nyika dzakaita saizvozvo; dzimwe hadzina. Chisarudzo ichi chinotapura nenzira inoshamisa kukwanisa kushanda kweutano nokuda kwamamirioni. Masangano anotarisira purogiramu dzeMedicaid, achikurukura neinsurensids, achigadza mari inobhadharwa, uye anotarisira kuderera. Muenzaniso chaiwoiwo: nyika iri kuwana kuwedzera muo miraundi yeMedicaid nokuda kwokushandisa zvinodhaka kana kuti kutanga purogiramu yokutarisira mishonga inogadzirwa. Izvi zvisarudzo zvapamusoro zvine miuyo youpenyu kana kuti rufu uye kazhinji inoitiranwa nharo zvinotyisa mumipauro.

Hurumende Inotonga Nyika: Chiremera Chenyika uye Chiremera Chomutemo

Hurumende yehurumende inoshandisa masimba ehurumende anodudzwa muBumbiro reMitemo: dziviriro yorudzi, muitiro wokumwe, kutengeserana kwenyika, kutama, uye muitiro wemari. Masangano eFederal anoshandisa mitemo inopfuudzwa neCongress ndokusainwa naPurezidhendi. Zviono zvinotevera zvinojekesa chiito chehurumende mukushanda.

Kudzivirirwa Kwenyika uye Kuchengeteka Kwenyika

Department of Defense inoshandisa zviteshi zvehondo, inotumira mauto, uye inoita mabasa munyika yose. Chinoitika: Purezidhendi anoraira mhepo yakaganhurirwa mukurwisana neboka ramagandanga munyika yokumwe. Congress inoziviswa pasi peRevolution yeHondo yeHondo. Pentagon inoronga kuwirirana kwezvokuvimbisana, uchenjeri, uye mitemo yokuvimbisana. Panguva ino, Department of Homeland Security (DHS) inodzivirira miganhuro, vakwiri vendege, uye inoita chiito kutyisidziro dzeIndaneti. Zviito izvi zvinotsigirwa nebhajeri reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reProleti reHurumende.

Chengeteko Yenzanga Nemishonga

Sacul Security Administration (SA) inoita kuti basa rishande, kuremara, uye vapukunyuki vanopfuura 65 miriyoni vagamuchire Social Security mwedzi mumwe nomumwe. Chinoitika chakafanana: mushandi anochinja 62 ndokushanda nokuda kwebetsero dzapamberi pekurega basa. SSA inoverenga betsero dzinobva panhau yemari inotambirwa mushandi uye inotumira mari yomwedzi nemwedzi. Medicare, inoshandiswa neMa Centers for Medicare & Micaid Services (CMS), inopa vanhu 65 navakuru navaduku vane urema hwakati. Zvirongwa izvi zvinotsigirwa nokubhadhadhadhairwa nemitero yomwedzi yoga yoga yoga yogaro. Zviidzo zvipi nezvipi zvazvo kukwidzwa kwezera rokurega basa kana kuti kukura, kuzviita zviito zvezvamatongerwe enyika.

Mhinduro Yengwavaira Yamauto

Apo dutu, tsvaira, kana kuti kudengenyeka kwapasi, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) inoronga zororo. Chinoitika: Gavhuna weGavhuna 4 anoparadza nzanga yemhenderekedzo yegungwa. Gavhuna anokumbira chiziviso chengwavaira yehurumende. Purezidhendi anotendera, anobudisa zviwanikwa zvechinguvana, zvisaririra, zvinopa rubatsiro. FAMA inogadza nzvimbo dzokuvandudza njodzi, uye inoronga nehurumende. Mhinduro inobatanidza zvirongwa zvakaoma uye batira pamwe chete. Zvitsoropo zvinowanzomuka pamusoro pepepuko neyamuyamuro yehurumende, zvichitungamirira kugadziridza. [FG.FLT:0] FMA [FK:]

Kutengeserana Kwenyika Nekudzorwa Kwemari

Hurumende yehurumende inodzora kutengeserana pakati penyika pasi peCommerce Claus. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) inodzika mitemo inodzivisa kuchengetedzwa kwemitengo, Secureties and Exchange Commission (SEC) inotarisira misika yemari, uye Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inoisa mipimo yeshatiso munyika yose. Muenzaniso wakasimba: muna 2023, FTC inodzivisa kubatana pakati peketani mbiri huru dzezvitoro, ichiiiiidzosera kuti igoderedza uye kukwidza mitengo nokuda kwomutengi. Mhaka yacho inoratidza kuti masangano ehurumende anopindira sei kudzivirira kutengeswa kwezvokutengeserana munyika yose. Nomutengo wemari inoisawo inotapura vagadziri vemotokari vemotokari uye mutyairi munyika yacho.

Kubatana Kwehurumende: Kubatana Kunoita Kuti Vatonge Pamwe Chete

Kunzwisisa kubatana uku kunokosha kuti tizive kuti hurumende inoshanda sei.

Maneseji Okutarisira Nguva Yekurumidziro

Panjodzi huru, mhinduro inovharwa. Vapinduri veIncident Leader System venzvimbo yokutanga vanotanga kuonekwa. Kana vakurirwa, vanokumbira mari dzehurumende $National Guard, mapurisa ehurumende. Hurumende, kana ichida, inokumbira kubatsirwa nehurumende ichishandisa FEMA. Nhamburiko yose inodzorwa muIncident Leaderne system. Somuenzaniso, mukati memavira magetsi 2020, masangano akawanda anogoverana makambani anorwisa moto nendege, nepo hurumende inogovera mari netsigiro yezvokufambisa. Iyi gadziriro yedaviso inogadzirirwa kuchinjika uye inodzokoroka.

Federal Grants-in-Aid

Hurumende yehurumende inoshandisa kupa mvumo kupesvedzera hurumende negadziriro yomunzvimbomo. Chikamu chikurusa ndiMedicaid, umo hurumende inowiriranisa mari inovakirwa pachishandiswa. Imwe inopiwa mari yemari (Ini nokuda kwezvikoro zvakaderera zvokuwana), chokufambisa (mari yakakwirira), uye kudzika mutemo (Byrne JaG rece). Mukudzokera nokuda kwemari yehurumende, nyika dzinofanira kuwirirana nemigariro(g., kukwidziridza zera rokunwa kusvikira ku 21 kuti dzigamuchire mari yomumugwagwa mukuru, kana kuti dzishandise kusavapo kwaChild Child Child Child Behind synding for Answect. Iyi fiscal ichishandiswa chine simba zvikuru choukama pakati pehurumende, pane dzimwe nguva inonyandura zvinetso pamusoro pouchangamire hwehurumende.

Kumanikidzwa Kupinda Muchanza-Jeurisito

Utsotsi hwakawanda hunopfuura munzvimbo nehurumende. FBI, sangano rehurumende, rinowanzobetsera mapurisa omunzvimbomo mukunzvera kutengeswa kwemirimo kwenyika, kutengesa vanhu, kana kuti utsotsi hweIndaneti. Mibato yemibato yeSangano, seGumbidzo Drugim Enforcement Task Forces (OCDETF), mari inobva kuhurumende, nyika, uye masangano omunzvimbomo. Nenzira yakafanana, utsotsi hwemhoteredzo − Gillegalbul burn mumin mativi enyika yehurumende . kungabatanidza EPA, masangano ehurumende, uye kuchengetwa kwomutemo womunzvimbomo. Izvi zvinoratidzira kuti zvinetso zvazvino unonyanyokodzera zvakanaka mubhokisi rimwe rehurumende.

Matambudziko Nenhamo Munzanga

Nepo kubatira pamwe kwehurumende kuri kwakakurumbira, rwisano dzinomuka. Dzikamo yesimba pakati pehurumende dzehurumende dzehurumende nehurumende ikurukurirano yebumbiro remitemo isingagumi. Mienzaniso yazvino uno inobatanidza kusawirirana pamusoro peganhuriro dzakapararira, mirau yemhoteredzo, uye kuchengetwa kwokubuda munyika. Nyika dzakapomera hurumende pamusoro pemitemo yairangarira seyakakunda, uye Dare Rapamusoro kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji rinova vadzori. Somuenzaniso, mu [FLT: 0] NFIB v. Sebelius (20) Dare rakatsigira chirevo chavanhu semutero weAffordcable Care Act).

Kusiyana Kwemari uye Umhare Hwenzvimbo

Hurumende dzose dzomunzvimbomo hadzina mari yakaenzana. Masabhabhu epfuma anogona kutsigira zvikoro zvakakwirira zvakaenzana, mapaka, uye mabasa ane mitero yakaderera, nepo nharaunda dzomumaruwa dzine urombo kana kuti dzomumaguta dzichiparapatika kugovera mabasa makuru. Hurumende nehurumende kuedza kuenzanisa, asi mipata inoramba iripo. Ikoku kunomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pezvisaririra: dzidzo yemwana inofanira kutsamira papfuma yenzvimbo yakavakidzani vavo? Hurumende dzakaedza kutaura nezvayo kupfurikidza nemitoo yemari, uye matare pane dzimwe nguva akapindira.

Kupedzisa: Kukosha Kwokuona Hurumende Ichishanda

Kupfurikidza nokunzvera zviitiko zvekongiri mamiriro ezvinhu zvekongiri neboka rokuronga richitaura nezvokuchinja kwenzvimbo, mutezo wehurumende unogadziridza mari yechikoro, sangano rehurumende rinopindura dutu remhepo, tinofamba kupfuura rondedzero dzehurumende kuti tione udzori segadziriro inoshanda nesimba, yomunhu. Mwero mumwe nomumwe wehurumende une mabasa akasiyana, asi zvinowirirana. Vadzidzi vanonzwisisa izvi vanogona kunzwisisa zviri nani nharo dzemitemo, kuyera kushanda kwehurumende, uye kutora rutivi savagari vemo vakadzidza. Vadzidzi vanogona kushandisa iyi mienzaniso chaiyo youpenyu kuti ive mhenyu, vachisimudzira chizvarwa chinonzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri kuoma uye kudikanwa kwegadziriro yehurumende.

Kunzwisisa uku kufambidzana kunopa vanhu simba rokuita kuti vazvidavirire uye kuisa pfungwa dzavo panzvimbo yaizova nani. Zviitiko zvinopiwa pano zvinongova kutanga chete zuva nezuva, zvichipa mikana isingaperi yokudzidza nokuvimbisana.