Mapato emapurisa ehurumende anobatira sesuo guru remikoto mizhinji yenzvimbo dzakapoteredza uye mibato inodzivirira chengeteko yavose, kuongorora basa, uye kuisa zvisarudzo. Chiremera chokuunganidza, chokuchengeta, uye kugoverana upenyu hwemunhu nemashoko ezvesayenzi hachisi chekisina chinhu. Nyaya inopa kuongororwa kwakajeka kwemitemo, mitemo mizhinji, uye miganhu yehurumende, uye kudzivirirwa kwemitemo. Kunzwisisa miitiro yepamutemo inodzora mibato iyi inodzora mutemo, kunokosha kuvakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vemitemo, nyanzvi dzezvomboro dzemitemo, uye vanhu vanoongorora zvinhu zvekare. Nyaya inopa kuongororwa kwakajeka kwemitemo, matanho echigadziro, zvigadziko, uye miitiro yakanakisisa inorondedzera kuti mapurisa vaendese sei mararamiro ekare.

Hwaro Hwepamutemo Hwecheki Dzapashure Nemhaka Yechipfuva

Chiremera Chehurumende

Hurumende imwe neimwe inogadza mitemo yakananga inopa mapurisa ehurumende chiremera chokuita nzvero dzekare nemirambo. Iyi mitemo inowanzoratidzira marudzi echeki dzinobvumidzwa (sezvikurukuru, nhau youtsotsi, kutyaira mapepa ebasa, nzvimbo dzebasa), vanhu kana kuti masangano anogona kuvakumbira (vashandi, masangano ezvibharo, masangano ezvibharo), uye kushandiswa kunobvumirwa kwemaidiro akaunganidzwa. Somuenzaniso, masangano akawanda akagadza mitemo inoda kutemwaratirwa kweminwe yakavakirwa pakare, mipimo yavanhu vanoshanda navanhu vasina dziviriro savana, vakwegura, kana kuti vakaremara. [[FLT:] National Association of State Religistration of Enforcementmentment (NASSLDL) [FFFFF1]] inogovera mipimo inodzo inodzo inogamuchirwa navanhu vakawanda.

Kupindira Kwomutemo Kwamarudzi Ose

Dare rehurumende rinonzvera mamiriro ezvinhu ehurumende haashandi muchinhu. Federal Bureau of Investigation Justice Information Service (CJIS) Division inoramba ichichengeta shopu yenhau youtsotsi yerudzi. Kuwana mapepa ehurumende, masangano ehurumende anofanira kupinda mubvumirano yakarongwa ndokuwirirana ne [[[FLT:] National Crime Prevention and Commentation Convention (NCPC)[FL:3] ya1998. Muyangano, mapurisa angakumbira zvinyorwa zvenhau youtsotsi nokuda kwemadonzo outsotsi nokuda kwemazatisitiri, mabasa namatanda sezvigaro, asi kana bedzi vapangi vabvumidzi vabvumiri vabvumidzi vabvumidziri vabvumidzwa nokubvumirwa nokubvumirwa nokutendwa kwemitevedzerwa kwebasa. [FFFFF]]

Mitemo yeBumbiro reMitemo

Gemende yeChina inodzivirira vanhu pakunzvera kusina mufungo nehosha. Nepo kubatanidzwa kweminwe kwave kuchirangarirwa munhau kuva kupindira kuduku (ona Davis v. Mississippi, 394 U.S. 721 [1969]), kuunganidzwa kwemazita ezvokuyera mumativi asingazivikanwi nemitemo kunofanira kuva kune mufungo. Matare anowanzotsigira fariro yehurumende yepamutemo apo anoperekedzwa nechiremera nebvumirano. Zvisinei, nzvimbo yapamutemo inochinjika, zvikurukuru nokukwidzwa kwemapepa emichina uye zvinonetsa pamusoro pe [[FLT:]] mitemo yakadai seyapamutemo yeIllinometic Comment [FLT]]

Zvirongwa Zvokuita Maketi Okugara Kure

Kusimbiswa Kwezivikanwo uye Kubvuma Kunotevedzana

Pamberi pokutanga nzvero yekare, mapurisa ehurumende anofanira kusimbisa zvakajeka chizivikanwo chebato rinokumbira nenhau yechekero. Nokuda kwebasa necheki dzemari, nhau yacho inofanira kugovera zivikanwo yehurumende inoshanda neyakanyorerwa . Nenzira yakajeka rezinesi kana kuti paspoti (naye kusayina fomu rakanyorwa rekubvuma. [[FLT:]FLD]F]FED Tractal Commissionssion [FOL]]] inopa nhungamiro pamsoro pekubvuma kubvumirwa kweFCRA, uye masangano anodzivisa mipimo iyoyo.

Kusarudza Bumbiro Rezvinoshandiswa Rakakodzera

Hakusi kuongorora kwose kunogadzirwa kwakaenzana. mapurisa ehurumende anowanzowana mitsetse mizhinji yemashoko:

  • Sango nzvimbo yenhau youtsotsi - inochengetwa namapurisa ehurumende amene, ine marekodhi okusunga, zvitendero, uye pane dzimwe nguva mashoko asina kuwirirana.
  • FBI Criminal Justice Information Services [CJIS] – shopu yorudzi yezvinyorwa zvenhau youtsotsi yakapiwa namasangano ehurumende, ehurumende, uye omunzvimbomo.
  • neNational Sex Defender Public Registerry [NSOPR] - inotsvakwa nokuda kwomugariro wokutadza muvatano.
  • Masero akananga eruwa – e., kunyoresazve kwavana, nhevedzano yokuwedzera yezvirongwa zvokutarisira.

Mutemo wehurumende unosarudza kuti idi database ipi inofanira kubvunzwa nokuda kwedonzo ripi. Somuenzaniso, nzvero yekare nokuda kwomutyairi webhazi rechikoro ingada zvose zviri zviviri cheki yehurumende neFBI inokweverwa mafinita, nepo murayiridzi anozvipira angangoda bedzi cheki yakavakirwa pazita rehurumende. U.S. Department of Justice yakabudisa miraudzo ine udzame inodzora kusvika kuzvinyorwa zveFBI (28 C.F.R.). chikamu 20). mapurisa ehurumende anofanira kutevera iyi miraudzo kuvimbisa kutendwa kwapamutemo neperero yemiteko yemi.

Kutsvaka

Pangowanwa bedzi zvinyorwa zvapamutemo zvinoziviswa, nyanzvi dzehurumende dzinoita kunzvera. Nzvero dzakavakirwa pazita, gadziriro inowirirana nedata yeupenyu hwuripo/name, musi wekuchengeteka kwenzanga nhamba yematsotsi. Nhamba dzemikono yakavakirwa paminwe. Nokuda kwemichina inotemwa nekombiyuta, mascreen anenge atorwa uye anopfuudzwa kugadziriro yemichina inoiswa mafinekisi yakagadzirwa (AFIX), zvose zviri zviviri pamwero wehurumende uye kuInterrated Automediation System Ideficity System (IFIS), zvinonzvera zvinobudisa ndazati yakarongwa nezvinodatemwarati inoshandiswa nokuda kwokunzvera vana. Mutemo wemikoro yemikoro inodzodzodzo kusimbisa kuva rediaunziyo. [[FLT:]

Kushuma Migumisiro Yacho

Mapurisa ehurumende anosungirwa kushuma miuyo yakarurama uye nokukurumidza. Nguva dzinotenderera dzinovambira pamaawa 24 kusvikira kuvhiki dzinoverengeka, zvichitsamira pakuoma nevhoriyamu. Mishumo inowanzopfuudzwa kunzvimbo inokumbira (mutoo:, ruwa rwechikoro, puranga, mushandirwi) ine zvinyorwa zvemabhinya api neapi akawanikwa. ] kodzero dzemunhu kugamuchira kopi yomushumo wacho [[, kazhinji kazhinji kacho], pasina mutengo, uye kudenha kunyorwa kwemabhii kana kuti kudzokororwa. [FLT:] Zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvinogovera zva 1974[FLT:] zvinobatanidzawo mapepa eCYCYM]

Kushandisa Chinoitika Chechipfuva Nezvinodikanwa Zvepamutemo

Kubvuma uye Zivo

Kunyora zvipfupi nepfuti muunganidzwa wemikoto inoda kujeka, kubvumirana kworuzivo. Kubvuma kunofanira kupiwa nokuzvidira, pasina kumanikidza, uye munhu anofanira kunzwisisa kuti zvinyorwa zvichashandiswa sei, kuchengetwa, uye kugoverwa. Mudzimwe nyika dzakawanda, chimiro chokubvumirana chinofanira kududza: “Ndinobvumira mapurisa ehurumende kuunganidza zvidhindasiti zvangu ndokuzvitumira kuFBI nokuda kwedonzo rokuitisa nhau yeutsotsi. [[FLT: 0]] Illinois Biomimet Information Act [BPA], mumwe wemitemo yemitemo yakavanzika yemari, inoraira kuti masangano akavanzika anyoreswe, mapepa okuzivisa, marobhora, uye kurambidza mamiteme ezvipoto, mamwe mashoko akafanana neapoto, Washington, uye masangano anodzokerwa.

Zvishandiso Nezvishandiso Zvechipfuva

Mapurisa ehurumende anoshandisa [[FLT: 0] nyanzvi dzeminwe dzakasimbiswa dzinoshandisa ink-murongwe kana iripo kana kuti iripo michina yemifungo. Makambani anotora maminwe nenzira yamagetsi, kubvisa kunyorwa kwamashoko nekadhi dzemagamuchidzanwa. Hurumende inowanzochengeta mipimo yawo yemasangano eFederal of Investigation kuti maminutes ose anopiwa kuCJIS nokuda kweminzvero youtsotsi anofanira kusangana ne [[FLT:] Exrectronicronic Translation Translation (FTS) inovimbisa mipimo yemitemo yemitemo. Hurumende inowanzo kuchengeta upenyu hwavo panzvimbo dzeruwa uye ingabvumiranawo mubhizimisi. Iggoumba yebhizimisi, kugovera kugovera mirayiridzo yemitemo yemitemo inopiwa napamutemo kuti igove inobvumira kupedza kutendeka zviri pamutemo.

Kuendesa kuFBI

Apo kunzvera minwe kunoda kunzvera kwehurumende, mapurisa ehurumende anofanira kupfuudzira mapepa anoshandiswa pakombiyuta kuFBI kupfurikidza neCJIS. Kupfuudzwa kunofanira kuva kwakanyorwa nokuchengetwa. FBI ipapo inoita nzvero mupepa rayo rorudzi ndokudzorera chinyorwa chenhau youtsotsi kusangano rehurumende inotenderwa. mapurisa ehurumende ane mutoro wokubata mapepa anodzorerwa nokungogoverana bedzi nechaunga chakakumbira chekero. CJIS Security Policy [ inogovera zvinodikanwa zvine udzame kuti mashoko eminwe anofanira kuchengetwa sei, kupfuudzwa, uye kuiswa muzvinodikanwa zvekusimbisa mabhii maviri, mapepa, uye kunzvera nokuda kwevashandi vose vane CIS.

Kuchengeta uye Kuyeuka Tsamba Yechirwere

Kana minwe yanyautswa, mapurisa ehurumende anofanira kutevera mitemo yokusakanganwa. Dzimwe nyika dzinochengeta zvechigarire zvinyorwa zveminwe yavanhu vakadhindwa mazaya echibharo ($FLT]]] yakabudisa nguva yokuzvidzora mumativi akasiyana- siyana, asi ruramisiro yehurumende pakupedzisira inotonga. Somuenzaniso, Pendeko reCalifornia 11105 inoda kuti Department yeHurumende ichengete mireza yeminwe nokusingaperi nokuda kwemadonzo outsotsi, nepo pasina kutsinharo yedare redare ringanzi dare rinofanira kubvisa.

Kudzivirirwa Kwatinoitwa Tiri Toga Nezvatisingakwanisi Kuita Mumutemo

Kuwana kwakanyorwa uye Kuda-Kuziva

Kusvika kunzvero yemafingainyo kumashoko eminwe kwakaganhurirwa chose chose kuvashandi vane “kuziva kwapamutemo kunodikanwa” nokuda kwokuchengetwa kwomutemo kana kuti madonzo okutarisira. Mapurisa ehurumende anofanira kushandisa zvidzoro zvokupinda, kubatanidza mabhukwana akavakirwa panzvimbo, kunzvera, uye rovedzo yokungwarira nguva nenguva. Munyasi C.F.R. chikamu 20.33(b), kuparadzirwa kwezvinyorwa zveFCPC, kunorambidzwa kunze kwechibvumirano neNCPPC nemutemo. Kupinda kwomutemo kwakatenderwa kana kuti kuparadzira kunogona kuguma nezvirango zvavagari vemo, zvirango, zvirango, uye kurasikirwa nokupinda kumasangano eCJIS.

Kuchengeta Mashoko Kwakarongwa

Miitiro yepamutemo inoda kuti mishumo yepashure nemashoko eminwe zvichengeterwe kwenguva refu bedzi sezvinodikanwa.

  • makore 3-7 nokuda kwecherekedzo dzinobatanidzwa nebasa pashure pokunge ukama hwebasa hwaguma.
  • Mukusagumisa nokuda kwokunzvera utsotsi nokukwirira mhaka.
  • [ Purigatori pamurairo wedare nokuda kwemhaka umo zvinyorwa zvakabviswa kana kuti zvakanamirwa.

Federal Records Act inoisa zvinodikanwa zvokuwedzera pamasangano anogamuchira mari yehurumende. Mapurisa ehurumende anofanira kutevera muitiro wekurangarira wakanyorwa uyo unowanika pachena ndokuhwirudzurwa gore negore. Kukundikana kunamatira kurudungwe rwemirongedzero kunogona kuratidzira chiteshi kumatare mumabasa ehurumende echivande kana kuti Hurumende muSunster mitemo inoda kujeka.

Zvinodikanwa Zveziviso

Apo nzvero yenzvimbo yapashure inozivisa mashoko akaipa", zvakadai setsotsi rokupa sangano racho rinofanira kugovera munhu kopi yomushumo nerondedzero yamaruramiro avo pasi peFCRA pamberi pokuita chiito chakaipa. Ikoku kunozivikanwa se pasati apa chiziviso chebasa rapakarepo. Masangano ehurumende ayo anopa mushumo wacho zvakananga kumunhu wacho angadikanwawo kugovera kana mushumo une mashoko asiri enhau, sezvo mimwe mitemo yehurumende inorambidza kurangarirwa kwekusungwa kusina kutungamirira kutendwa. Somuenzaniso, [[FLT:] Bhokisi re [[FLT] [FFF:] [F]], iro rinononotsa kunzvera nhau dzeutsotsi kusvikira gare gare gare, rinova rinova rinova rinonzvera munhau yeutsotsi, pamusoro pomutemo unotonga.

Kuwirirana Nemitemo Yehurumende Neyavanhu Vakavanzika

  • Fair Curting Reporting Act (FCRA) - inodzora kushandiswa kwemishumo yeshure yechitatu; mapurisa ehurumende anowanzohesvurwa kana akaita cheki zvakananga, asi kana akabvumirana nesangano rinoshuma ravatengi, FCRA inoshanda.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kodzero Dzemhuri dzeEducational and Bycys Act (FERPA) – inoganhurira kugoverana kwezvinyorwa zvedzidzo yavadzidzi pasina kubvumirana.
  • Health Inishuwarensi Portability and Acconosuty Act (HIPAA) – inodzivirira marekodhi ezvokurapa; inokosha kana nzvero yapashure inobatanidza kunzvera mirimo kana kuti nhau yezvokurapa.
  • Chikamu chemitemo yezvipuko zvemhiko [ – se., BIPA, Texas Capture kana kuti Usenzi yeBiometric Act, Washington Biometric Infiction Law.
  • Zvomuruwa mitemo yenhau yenhau yetsotsi [ – nyika zhinji dzinodzivisa kuwanwa kwemashoko asina kunyorwa kana kuti marekodhi ayo akadhindwa.

Kukwirira Negakava

Vanhu vanodavira mutoo wavo wenhau dzakare havana kururama vane maruramiro okupokanidza mashoko. Mapurisa ehurumende anofanira kugovera mutoo wetsika nokuda kwenhau dzinodenha zvinyorwa zvenhau. Munyasi FBI's National Crime Information Center (NCIC) muitiro wokukwirira wenhau [[[FLT: 1]], munhu anogona kukumbira kopi yechinyorwa chavo cheFBI uye, kana vakawana zvikanganiso, Hurumende inonyora zvakananga FBI kana kuti sangano rapa chinyorwa. Mapurisa ehurumende anofanira ipapo kudzosa chinyorwa ndokururamisa kana gakavaro yacho iri yakarurama. Kuwedzera, kutaura kuti kuva neboka rakasununguka kana kuti oudman (g., [FLD], New York Repartment of Crimition of Crimist)).

Miitiro Yakanakisisa Yokutsigira Kutsigira Kwepamutemo

Kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti miitiro yamapurisa ehurumende inoramba iri yomutemo uye inobudirira, masangano anofanira kushandisa miitiro inotevera yakanakisisa:

  • Rovedzo yapakarepo - vashandi vose vanobatanidzwa mukunzvera nokunyora minwe vanofanira kugamuchira rovedzo yegore negore parugadziridzo rwapamutemo rwehurumende nerwehurumende, misengwa yechivande, uye zviteshi zvechengeteko chemashoko.
  • Tsika dzinoshandiswa kutemwa kwemitemo inongoerekana yatemwa yetengi imwe neimwe, kupfuudzwa, uye chiitiko chokupinda kuti uzive kushandiswa kusina mvumo uye kugutsa zvinodikanwa zvokutarisira.
  • Trafrate - zvinobudisa nhungamiro dzakajeka, dzomutauro wakajeka nokuda kwavakwiri vanotsanangura kodzero dzavo, mutoo wokubvuma, uye nzira yokudenha nayo mashoko asina kururama.
  • Kuderedza [ - kuunganidza bedzi mashoko ari madikanwa nokuda kwedonzo chairo recheki yeshure ndokudzivisa unganidzwa wamashoko omuraudzo uyo ungagona kuputsa mitemo yakavanzika.
  • Kuronga navaiti vemitemo vehurumende [[FLT: 1] - kubatanidzwa nenzira inopfuurira navanogadzira mitemo kuva nechokwadi chokuti chiremera chemitemo chinovambirana nechinjo dzoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu uye kupedza kariro dzakavanzika.
  • Kutarisira kwevatengesi vepapatimendi [[FL:1] – pakuvhozhokera namabasa echibharo chapachivande, kuva nechokwadi chezvibvumirano zvinobatanidza zvikamu zvemashoko zvinodzivirira, kunzvera kwechikamu chechitatu, uye kupinza mubatanidzwa nokuda kwokuputsa mashoko.

mhedziso

Miitiro yapamutemo yokutungamirira kunzvera nokunaya kweminwe yamapurisa ehurumende haichinji mumhinduro kumipimo yemitemo, dare, uye fambiro mberi dzemitemo. Dzinzano pakati pekotsekano yavose nekodzero dzakavanzika dzomunhu oga hadzina kusimba, uye mapurisa ehurumende anofanira kuifambisa zvakarurama. Nokunamatira kuzvinodikanwa zvemitemo uye kudzorwa kwemitemo. Kuremekedza nokuona zvakajeka, uye kushandisa mipimo yemajerefemu, hurumende mapurisa anogona kuita mabasa aya anonetseka nemitemo inobvumirwa nomutemo. Nokuda kwavashandi vehurumende nekodzero dzehurumende, CFFFFF [FF] [F1].[fFFFF]