Mumamishoni anhasi, kuraswa kwakachengeteka kwemashoko chinhu chinokosha pakuchengeteka kwemashoko uye gadziriro yokuteerera. Mabhizimisi anoshanda muIreland, musengwa wokuparadza mashoko omunhu oga neakavanzika unopfuudzira kupfuura muitiro wakanaka - ichinodikanwa chepamutemo pasi peGeneral Data Protection Reging (GDPR) uye mutemo weIrish unowirirana. Kukundikana kushandisa miitiro yokubvisa mashoko anokosha kunogona kuratidzira sangano kufadzero huru, kuvadziko yepamutemo, uye kuvadziko yemukurumbira. Nyaya ino inoratidzira gadziriro yezve yokugadzirwa kwemitengo yakaisvonaka muIreland uye inogovera miitiro inoshanda yakaisvonaka nokuda kwokuraswa kwamashoko, kuparadzwa kunotenderwa, mitoo yokunyora, rovedzo yavashandi, uye miitiro yokubhadhaka.

Kunzwisisa Mitemo Yemashoko Inopesana muIreland

Hurumende yeIreland inodzivirira nzvimbo inodzorwa zvikurukuru neGDPR, iyo yakatanga muna May 2018, uye Data Protection Act 2018, inochinja GDPR mumutemo weIreland. GDPR inoda kuti mamiriro ezvinhu omunhu oga arambe ari muchimiro chinobvumira kuzivikanwa kwenhau dzemazita nokuda kwezvisingakodzeri nokuda kwezvinangwa izvo mashoko acho anogadziridzwa (DHyfle 5(e). Kana nguva yokufunga isati yapera kana kuti mashoko haachadikairwi. Nheyo yokuzvidavirira (Matanho 5(2) inorevawo kuti masangano anofanira kukwanisa kuratidzira kuteererwa nemisengwa.

The Data Protection Commission yeIreland ichiremera chenyika chinopa mutoro wokusimbisa gadziriro dzeGDPR. DPC ine simba rokupa faindi dzokudzora dzezvuru zvamamirioni 20 kana kuti 4% zvegore negore zvokuchinja kwepasi pose - zvose zvakakwirira – nokuda kwokutyora kwakakomba, kubatanidza kundikano kubvisa mashoko omunhu oga. Kuwedzera kuGDPR, miraudzo yechikamu ingaisa zvinodikanwa zvokuwedzera. Somuenzaniso, mafemu emari anodzorwa anopiwa kuCentral Bank yenhungamiro dzepasi reIreland pakuchengeta nokuparadza, nepo kuisa mashoko outano pasi pePrejissotion reHSE. Chiregistriti (Kuwedzera kuHPPPlatting Relatences to Ruzivo Roundationss) Chirangemuchitowo chetsono utsotsi chitsa pamutemo chitsarira kuparadzwawo kumiitiro yemiitiro yemitengo yehurumende yeIndamugovero yeInda yeIri yaroridzo.

Masangano anofanirawo kuziva kubatanidzwa kwemitemo yedziviriro yemakombiyuta nemitemo yemhoteredzo. Waste Management Act 1996 neEuropean WEEDraidate zvinodzora kuraswa kwemidziyo yemagetsi, kubatanidza zvishandiso zvokuchengetera. Kungorasa bedzi dhigirii kana kuti vashandisi mutsvina yose haisi pamutemo uye kunogona kutungamirira kuzvirango. Panzvimbo pezvo, midziyo yemagetsi nemagetsi (WEE) inotenderwa inofanira kushandiswa, uyo anofanira kuvimbisa kuparadzwa kwemashoko asati agadzirwazve.

The Data Protection Commission’s inogovera nhungamiro pamusoro pemifungo nokudzima mashoko, kubatanidza matepi enguva dzokuchengeta mashoko nezvimiro zvokuzivisa. Mukuwedzera, European Data Protection Board (EDPB) inobudisa nhungamiro pakubatanidza pakati pekodzero yokubudisira pamutemo nemimwe misengwa. Kunzwisisa izvi zvikamu zvemitemo inhano yokutanga kuvaka gadziriro yokubvisa mashoko.

Zvinoitwa Nenyanzvi Dzakanaka Zvisingashandisi Mashoko Akanaka

Kudziridza Tsamba Inokanganisa

Gadziriro yokurasa mashoko yakarongwa inheyo yegadziriro ipi neipi yokurasa yakachengeteka. Muitiro unofanira kurondedzera mabasa akajeka nemitoro, zvikurukuru kugovera kuvana vaMari yeDPO (DPO) kana kuti Mutarisiri weRumano rweMazita, namabasa anopiwa IYO, zvivako, uye marekodhi. Muitiro unofanira kufukidza zvose zviri zviviri zvinhu zvedata yomuviri neyomutezo, kubatanidza mapepa, madhirogiramu akasimba ezvikamu zvenyika (SD), matepidhi okuchengetera, marekodhi, uye mashoko egore anonyorwa.

Zvinhu zvinokosha zvinoshandiswa pakushandisa mishonga yemarara zvinosanganisira:

  • Chisarudzo cheDHAB - Kuisa mashoko muboka kupfurikidza nokuziva (g., voruzhinji, vomukati, vakavanzika, yakaganhurirwa) kuitira kuti mitoo yokurasa iwirirane nemwero yengozi.
  • Kuchengeta rudungwe-kuratidzira nguva dzapamutemo nebhizimisi nokuda kwerudzi rumwe norumwe rwemitsetse, kuisa zvinodikanwa zvemitemo zvakadai seCompanies Act 2014 (icho chinoraira zera ramakore 7 rekuchengetwa kwezvinyorwa zvemari).
  • Miitiro yokupa [ - inoda chiratidzo chemaneja kana kuti chepamutemo chisati chaparadzwa zvisingachinjiki.
  • Magetsi nemipimo[[FT:1] - zvinonongedzera mipimo chaiyo yoruparadziko (zvikurukuru, NHOS SP 800 88 K. 1, ISO/IEC 27001, kana kuti NAID AA Crect)
  • Chinyorwa chekodzero yokuchengeta mwana - kunyora kufamba kwezvinhu zvemashoko kubva kunzvimbo inoshanda kuenda kuruparadziko kudzivisa kusvika kusina kubvumirwa.

Muitiro unofanira kuongororwa panenge pagore, kana kuti kana paine kuchinja kukuru kunoitika mumitemo kana kuti muruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu. Vashandi vose vanogona kuwana mashoko vanofanira kutarisirwa kuti vabvume muitiro wacho sechimwe chezvinhu zvavanorovedza pabhodhi resimbi uye pagore.

Shandisa Mitoo Yokuparadza Nayo Yemashoko Yakasimbiswa

Hadzisi nzira dzose dzokuparadza madhaimani dzakasikwa dzakaenzana. Kusarudza nzira kunotsamira parudzi rwezvinobudisa nhau, kunzwisiswa kwemashoko, uye mwero unodiwa wevimbiso. Kuda magetal conting, mitoo inotevera inozivikanwa seinoshanda zvikuru:

  • Kuparadza kwemichero - kudimura, kupwanya, kana kuti zvimwe zvinobudisa zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri. Iyi nzira haichinjiki uye yakakodzera nokuda kwemashoko ane hutamuko hwakakwirira zvikurusa. Somuenzaniso, kudhirowa kwakaoma kunogona kuderedza disikiti kuva zvidimbu zviduku zvesimbi, kuvimbisa kuti hapana mashoko anogona kuwanwa kunyange nezvishandiso zvechienzi.
  • Degausion - kuratidzira magnetic transmist (zvakadai semagnetic trouss netepi) kusimba, rinochinjanisa magneti rinodzima mashoko. Kubvisa mamiriro enhau kunofanira kushandura zviteshi kuve zvisingashandi, naizvozvo kunofanira kuteverwa nokuparadzwa kana kuti kugadzirwazve. Degaussing haishandi muSSD kana kuti michina inovakwa nemagetsi.
  • Sefigue digital digital subting - urongwa hwesoftware yokunyora mitoo (muremo, zero dzose, kana kuti mashoko akasaririra) panzvimbo yose yokuchengetera, kazhinji kazhinji kupfuura kwakawanda. Mitemo yakadai seU.S. Department of Defection 5220.22-M 3-screct) kana kuti NIST SP 800 88 (papo dzinoshandiswa nokuda kwemichina mizhinji). Zvisinei, SSD haingapinduri nenzira inodikanwa kudarika pamutemo nokuda kwokupfeka uye kuchengetera nharaunda dzakachengetwa; nokuda kweSSD, zvinovhurika kana kuti kuparadzwa kwomuviri zvinorumbidzwa.
  • Isuwari yemazamu - zvinonyaradza kudzima manyuko okunyora anodzivirira madata, achiita kuti mapepa arambe achiwanikwa kunyange kana rugwaro rwakanga rwasara. Uyu mutoo unokurumidza uye unoshanda wemidziyo inoshandisa mashoko ose okunyorwa kwakazara edisk (g., BitLocker, Filevault, LUKAS). Pashure pokuvhura muromo, dhurowa inogona kushandiswa kana kuti kudzorerwa kana kunyorwa kwadzokororwa kwakaitwa zvakanaka.

Masangano anofanira kuita mipimo yebasa inorumbidzwa nokuda kwokuparadzwa kwemashoko. Tsvaka vagoveri vanochengeta [[FLT: 0] AAID REPARD, iyo iri gadziriro yokuongorora yakazvimirira iyo inobvumikisa kuwirirana nechengeteko yakakomba, mabasa, uye mipimo yevashandi yokuyera. MuIreland, mune makambani eNaID-aid anowedzera anopa pa-patatu napadziro. Pakusarudza chitupa, rugwaro rwokuparadza (CoD) runongedzei puro yechinhu, nhevedzano, mitoo yokuparadza, musi, uye uchapupu. Kuchengeta aya maCoD anokosha nokuda kwokunzvera nokunyorazve ufakazi.

3 Rambai Muchinyatsonyora Uchapupu

Munheyo yokuzvidavirira yeGDPR, masangano anofanira kukwanisa kuratidzira kuti akawirirana nemisengwa yokurasa mashoko. Comprehensive rugwaro runobatira sechibvumikiso chokushingaira kwakafanira muchinoitika chenzvero yeDPC kana kuti gakava rapamutemo. Zvikamu zviduku, zvinofanira kubatanidza:

  • Kurongwa kwezvinhu zvose zvinoshandiswa pakuchengeta mashoko, kusanganisira nzvimbo yazvinogara, nzvimbo yazvinogara, uye kurongwa kwemashoko.
  • Mashoko emabasa ose okuparadza, kusanganisira misi, nzira dzinoshandiswa, vashandi vaibatanidzwa, uye magwaro api neapi okuparadza.
  • Uchapupu hwokudzidziswa kwevashandi nzira dzokurasa nadzo zvinhu.
  • Zvinyorwa zveminzvero, zvose zviri zviviri yomukati neyokunze, iyo inonzvera miitiro yokurasa.

Chinyorwa chinogona kuchengetwa mugadziriro yemitemo yemakombiyuta kana kuti purofiti yakapfava, kana kuchikasainwa chinobatanidza ganhuriro dzakakodzera nokunyorwa kweshanduro. Nhambo yokuchengeta zvinyorwa zvokurasa inofanira kutambanukira kupfuura upenyu hwemaidi amene – anowanzova makore matatu pashure pomusi wokuparadza, kunyange zvazvo maindasitiri akati achida makore matanhatu nokuda kweminamato yemari pasi peCentral Bank’Speempence neProbity utooty).

4 Une Umboo Hwokuchengetedza Zvinhu Zvinobudisa Mashoko

Mafaira ezvinobudisa mashoko - mapepa, madhirowa akasimba anotakurika, marunda eUSB, maspectal disc, uye matepi ane magineti - zvinopa ngozi dzechienzi nemhaka yokuti anogona kuiswa panzvimbo isina kutsarukana kana kuti kubiwa. Masangano anofanira kushandisa zviratidzo zvinotevera:

  • Chengeta kuunganidza zvina [ – zvinovharika, zvinoisa zvinhu zvinooneka zvokuchengeta zvinobudisa mashoko zvichimirira kuparadzwa, zviri munzvimbo dzinodzorwa.
  • Chikomuna chezvimiro zvekodzero yokuchengeta mwana - kuronda sangano rezvinobudisa nhau kubva papfundo remuunganidzwa kusvikira kunzvimbo yokuparadza, zvisaini paruoko rumwe norumwe.
  • Padzinoparadzwa. padziro. padzisingadzivisiki – paruparadziko rwapa-sitiki (kushandisa rori dzinokweva-kweroka) kunogovera mwero wakakwirira zvikurusa wechengeteko, sezvo mashoko asingatongobvi panzvimbo. Kuparadzwa kwapakarepo nomugove unobvumidzwa kunogamuchirwa kana ganhuriro dzorumano dziri munzvimbo.
  • Kuchengeta nokuteerera mhoteredzo - kuva nechokwadi chokuti muitiro wokuparadza unoteverwa nokushandiswazve kwomutoro muwirirano neWEEEDirence. Kuwana vimbiso yakanyorwa yokuti mushandi anochenesa haasati achizoedza kuwanazve mashoko kubva muzvinobudisa nhau zvakaparadzwa.

Nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvepepa, kutsekwa kwemateru akachekwa (kuukuru hwe4×40 mm kana kuti huduku) kunorumbidzwa, sezvo marukwa emitsetse anogona kubatanidzwazve nemaoko. Masangano mazhinji anodimburwa anopa makombiyuta akakotsekana anopa makombiyuta akachengeteka anoisa mapepa mumudziyo wakakiyiwa.

Mamwe Mazano Okuwedzera Pakusashanda Kwemashoko

Kurovedza Vashandi Nokungwarira

Chikanganiso chomunhu chinowanzokonzera kuputsika kwemashoko, uye kuraswa kwemashoko kusina kufanira hakusi chinhu chinosiyana. Mitezo yose yevashandi inobata mashoko inofanira kurovedzwa pamaitiro akakodzera okurasa mashoko omuviri neoruzivo rwemichina. Kurovedza kunofanira kufukidza:

  • Nzira yokuziva nayo mashoko akasvika kumugumo wenhambo yawo yokuyeuka.
  • Kushandiswa kwakarurama kwebini rinodimburwa nezvishandiso zvokudzima.
  • Kukosha kwokusamborasa mashoko mumarara enguva dzose kana kuti nokutengesa madhiragi ekare pasina nyuzire.
  • Migumisiro yokusaita zvinopesana, kusanganisira kukanganisa kwomunhu oga kudarika kwakakomba.

Rovedzo inozorodza inofanira kugoverwa gore negore, uye zvinyorwa zvavapindi zvinochengetwa. Rovedzo yakananga ingadikanwa nokuda kwavashandi veIT vanogadzira magiramu, maneja wezvivako anotarisira kuparadza kunooneka, uye mapoka anotarisira marekodhi.

Mitemo Yenguva Dzose Nokuongorora Kwemabharani

Kuongorora nguva nenguva kunobatsira kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo yokurasa iri kuteverwa uye kuona nzvimbo dzokuvandudza.

  • Kuomerera kumutemo wokurasa panzvimbo dzose mumadhipatimendi.
  • Kukwana uye kururama kwekuparadza.
  • Nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mashoko anenge akamirira kuparadzwa dzinochengetedzwa.
  • Kubvuma kutengiswa (kana kuchishandiswa mabasa okuparadza echitatu).

Zviwanwa zvegadziriro yenhau zvinofanira kunyorwa ndokushumwa kuvatarisiri vakuru. Zvisarudzo zvipi nezvipi zvisiri zvirongwa zvechiito chokururamisa, nezvikamu zvenguva yokugadziridza. Mukuwedzera, masangano anofanira kuitisa kunzvera kukanganisa kwenguva dzose kuti aedze kana mashoko anoramba achiwanikwa muzvinobudisa nhau anogona kuwanikwa kubva mudariro rekubudisa mashoko – somuenzaniso, kupfurikidza nokuedza kurava mashoko mumotokari yaparadzwa mumuviri.

Kunyora Mashoko Acho Kuti Pasave Nengozi

Kunyora paipindwa chidzoreso chine simba chinodzikamisa kurasika kwakachengeteka. Kana mashoko akanyorwa parumananzombe (kushandisa maarutement akasimba akadai seAES-256), kuparadzwa kwekiyi yokukopa mashoko okuisa mashoko kuchiita kuti mashoko ashaikwe nenzira inobudirira, kunyange kana zvinobudisa mashoko zvisina kuparadzwa. Uku kuzivikanwa seshopuresa inovhara vanhu, kunokosha zvikuru nokuda kweSSDs uye nzvimbo inochengeterwa gore, uko kupukuta kwegamuchidzanwa kungava kusingashandi kana kuti kukakwana.

Zvisinei, kunyora pabodha kwoga hakutsivi miitiro yokurasa yakafanira. Masangano anofanira kungoparadza kana kuti kubvisa makombiyuta ane mashoko anotapurika ane chokuita nechinhu chimwe, nokuti makeyi okukopa angagona kuwanwa mumarasi endangariro kana kuti kana kunyorwa kwemashoko okunyora kuine mijekedzo. MUSPS 800 88 Chirango. 1 inopa nhungamiro dzine udzame pakubatanidza mashoko okunyorwa kwamashoko emashoko enyadziso nokuparadzwa kwemhoteredzo dzakafararira.

Kutarisira Ngozi Dzechitatu Nedzemubatanidzwa Wezvikwata

Masangano akawanda eIreland anobvisa ruparadziko rwemashoko kuvatengesi vakagadzirwa zvikuru. Nepo ikoku kuchigona kuva kusingabhadhari, kunosuma ngozi yokuwedzera. GDPR inoda kuti vagadziri vemichina yemashoko (kubatanidza masangano okuparadza) vape vimbiso dzakaringana kushandisa zvitengo zvemibato yezvokutengeserana namasangano. Masangano anofanira kuita kushingaira kwakafanira pavatengesi, kubatanidza:

  • Kuhwirudzura magwaro avo etsamba (muchib., NAID AAA, ISO 27001).
  • Kuongorora kwavanoita vashandi vavo uye zvibvumirano zvisina kuiswa mumibatanidzwa.
  • Kuwana makopi emitemo yavo yeinishuwarenzi (kusaita zvakanaka kwehurumende uye kukanganisa makombiyuta).
  • Kunzvera nguva dzose nzvimbo dzazvo nemiitiro.

Chibvumirano nomutengesi chinofanira kubatanidza chibvumirano chokugadzira mashoko icho chinoratidzira mitoo yokuparadza, zvinodikanwa zvokunyora, uye misengwa yeziviso muchinoitika chechinoitika. Chikamu chakarurama kusvikira kuaudia chinofanirawo kubatanidzwa, kuchibvumira sangano kunzvera kusingakarirwi.

Funga Nezvechirwere Cheupenyu Chese Chete

Kuraswa kwematombo inhano yokupedzisira yematai oupenyu hwemunhu, asi inofanira kurongwa kubva panguva inogadzirwa mibatanidzwa mitsva. Pakugadzira marongedzero matsva, fungai kuti mashoko achabviswa sei zvakanaka pamugumo woupenyu hwawo hunobatsira. Somuenzaniso, mabasa egore anowanzogovera marusando okubvisa anoitwa oga anogona kugadzirirwa kubvisa mashoko pashure penhambo yakatarwa. Zvisinei, mapepa angachengeta mavhaisi kana kuti matanda anofanirawo kubviswa. Masangano anofanira kuongorora mapepa anoshandiswa pakubudisa mashoko egore anobvisa zvinhu uye kuwana chitupa chokuti madata anogona kubviswa zvisingadzoregisiki muzvinhu zvose zvinobudisa mashoko, kubatanidza njodzi.

Nenzira yakafanana, pakugadzira charmap itsva (maroptop, vashandisi, nhare dzeserura), kubatanidza chinodikanwa chokuti chishandiso chitsigire mabasa okudzima marakati akachengeteka (muchih., ATA Depressial Erase nokuda kwemotokari, Factor Replace Kromend yenhare). Ikoku kunovimbisa kuti kurasa zvinhu kunogona kuitwa nyore uye kusimbiswa nevashandi mukati meIT.

Kuramba Tichitsigirana uye Tichivimbana

Kuraswa kwemashoko kwave kusati kuri basa renguva imwe asi muitiro unopfuurira unoda musengwa unobva mumwero yose yesangano. Kupfurikidza nokugamuchira miitiro yakarongwa pamusoro apa — kubva kumiitiro yakakwana nemitoo yokuparadza inopupurirwa kunyora navashandi – masangano muIreland anogona kusvitsa misengwa yavo yapamutemo pasi peGDPR nemitemo yakafanana. Chinotonyanya, vanoratidza tsika youtariri hwemashoko hunovaka chivimbo kuvatengi, vashandi biyake, uye vadzori.

Dzokorora nguva dzose miitiro yako yokurasa mashoko muchiedza chetyisidziro neruzivo. Kukura kwenhungamiro dzenyika dzakasimba pamusoro pekuchengeta mashoko, gore, uye IOT zvakaita kuti kuparadzwa kwemashoko kuve kwakaoma zvikuru kupfuura nakare kose. Gara uchiziviswa pamusoro pekugadziridza nhungamiro nemiraudzo yeindasitiri, zvakadai se Medical Data Protection Board papepa remashoko rinoputsa [, izvo zvingatapura nenzira isina kunanga kurongwa kwokurasa. Kushandiswa kwemiteverwa kwemitengo inodzoradza kudzorwa kwemitengo inodhura uye zvinosimbisa mukurumbira wesangano rako somutungamiriri wemirayiridzo ane mutoro.