Table of Contents

Munhau yose, hurukuro dzakakurumbira dzakabatira sezvishandiso zvine simba zvokuumba kunzwisisa kwavose zvivako zvehurumende, gadziriro dzapamutemo, uye nheyo dzehurumende. Idzi rondedzero dzinopfuura mashoko chete “‘ zvinova nhambo idzo dzinoumba uzivi hwakaoma hwezvematongerwe enyika kuva pfungwa dzinosvikwa, dzinonyandura masangano echinjo, uye dzinotanga mienzaniso inogara kwenguva refu yokuti nzanga dzinozvidzora sei. Kuvambira pakutangwa kwamarudzi kusvikira kukukura kwamaruramiro avagari vemo, hurukuro dzakaratidzira nzira kururamisiro, kuenzana, uye kudzora kwehurumende kwehurumende yehurumende, zvichisiya chiratidzo chisingadzimirwi pamasangano emitemo namasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika munyika yose.

Mavambo Enhau Ehurukuro Dzezvamatongerwe Enyika

Tsika yokushandisa hurukuro kukurukura nheyo dzehurumende ine mavambo akadzama enhau.Munhambo pamberi peterevhizheni kana kuti redhiyo, kutaura kwakanga kuri chishandiso chine simba chezvamatongerwe enyika, uye vakurukuri vane unyanzvi vaigona kuumba murangariro wavose ndokupesvedzera nzira yamarudzi kupfurikidza nesimba ramashoko avo voga.

Simba rekutaura kwezvematongerwe enyika rinotambanukira kupfuura kungonyengetedza. Aya kero anobatira mabasa akawanda akakomba munzanga dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu: anodzidzisa vagari vemo pamusoro pekodzero dzavo nemitoro, zviono zvokutaura zvenguva yemberi, tsigiro inonyandura mukati menguva dzenjodzi, uye anogovera ruramiso dzetsika nedzouzivi nokuda kwezviito zvehurumende. Paanopiwa panhambo dzinokosha munhau, hurukuro dzinogona kuchinja zvikurukuru kupesvedzera kwamarudzi uye kuvandudza kunaka kwoukama pakati pavagari vemo nehurumende yavo.

Tsika Yepanamatemende yeEngland

Pashure peGlorious Revolution nokukwira kutsva kwesimba reparamende, Bhii reRevolution reEngland ra1689 rakatsvaka kurwisa kushata kwomunguva yakapfuura kupfurikidza nokuvimbisa kuzvimirira kweparamende kupfurikidza nokutangwa kweropafadzo yomutemo. Gwaro iroro remisi yegore raigovera kuti Rusununguko Rwokutaura, uye Nhevedzo kana kuti Zvibvumirano muParamende, hazvifaniri kupiwa murairo kana kuti kubvunzwa muDare ripi neripi kana kuti Nzvimbo ipi neipi muParamende.

Iyi dziviriro yokutaura kwomutemo yakava yakavakirwa kukudzora kwehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, ichivimbisa kuti vamiriri vaigona kukurukura vakasununguka pasina rutyo rwechitambudzo. Nheyo yacho yakaziva kuti gakava rakasimba nokutsinhana pfungwa kwakasununguka zvakanga zviri madikanwa kukudzora kunobudirira nedziviriro yorusununguko. iyi gamuchidzanwa raizopesvedzera zvikuru kukura kwamasangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu muAmerica uye kupota nyika.

Basa Rekutaura Mukutonga Kwehurumende

Munzanga dzedemocracy, hurukuro dzinobatira sebhiriji rinokosha pakati pehurumende navadzorwi. Dzinogovera kujeka, kuzvidavirira, uye mutoo wokuti vatungamiriri vatsanangure zvisarudzo zvavo nokutsvaka tsigiro yavose.zvamatongerwe enyika zvinobvumira nzvimbo dzemiitiro yakaoma kukurukurwa munzira dzinowirirana navagariwo zvavo, dzichiita nheyo dzokudzora kunooneka uye kunokosha kuupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Dhipatimende rehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu, isungano pakati pevanhu vakasununguka kuti varemekedze kodzero nerusununguko rwevamwe vavo. Kutaura kunosimbisa sungano iyi nokukurudzira tsika dzinowirirana uye kuyeuchidza vagari vemo nezvemisengwa yavo. Vanosimbisa kukosha kwokubatanidzwa munzanga, kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu, uye basa ravose rokuchengeta masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu.

Kudzidzisa Vagari Vemo Nekodzero Nemabasa

Rimwe ramabasa makuru ehurukuro dzezvamatongerwe enyika idzidzo yavagari vemo.Vatungamiriri vanoshandisa aya maplatifomu kutsanangura nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo, kujekesa revo yemitemo, uye kuronga maruramiro anopikirwa kuvagari vemo.

Kubva pakuvhota kusvika pakushanda pamatare ematare ematare, kubva pakuteerera mitemo kusvika pakuita kuti vatungamiriri vazvida, hurukuro dzinoratidza kuti kodzero nemabasa anotarisirwa nehurumende zvinotsigira utongi hwehurumende.

Kubatanidzwa Kunokurudzira

Kuwedzera padzidzo, kutaura kunonyandura vagari vemo kupinda muhurumende yavo, kutora rutivi mumiitiro yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kushanda kunharidzano dzimwe chetedzo.

Hurukuro dzezvematongerwe enyika dzinobudirira zvikurusa dzinopinza mumirangariro yavanhu inokosha nemipimo − ruramisiro, kuvimbika kunyika yako, uye chishuvo chenguva yemberi iri nani.

Mashoko Okutanga eAmerica Nenheyo Dzebumbiro Remitemo

Tsika yemitemo yeAmerica yakaumbwa zvikuru nokutaura kwakaratidzira nheyo dzinokosha dzokutonga, rusununguko, uye ruramisiro. Kuvambira pakuvambwa kworudzi kupfurikidza nemhindumupindu yarwo inopfuurira, vatauri vakashandisa zvikuva zvavo kurondedzera icho America inomirira uye kuti hurumende yayo inofanira kushanda sei.

George Washington Yokutanga

Muna 1789, Purezidhendi wokutanga akataura kuFirst Congress pashure pokugadzwa kwake, achigadza muenzaniso nokuda kwokutangwa kwehurukuro dzose dzokutanga kuti dzitevedzerwe. hurukuro yeWashington yakasimbisa chimiro chekurukurirano yapurezidhendi ndokusimbisa ukoshi hweBumbiro remitemo richangobva kutenderwa sehwaro hwehurumende yorudzi.

Hurukuro yeWashington yakasimbisa pfungwa yokuti Bumbiro reMitemo raimirira chisarudzo chamaune chavanhu veAmerica chokuita hurumende yaizochengeta mubatanidzwa wavo ndokufambisira mberi mufarwa wavo. Kupfurikidza nokusimbisa udzori hwebumbiro remitemo muhurukuro yake yokutanga yehurumende, Washington yakatanga tsika yokuzviisa pasi kwapurezidhendi kuchiremera chebumbiro remitemo icho chaizopesvedzera vatsivi vake kwezvizvarwa.

Benjamin Franklin paKokorodzano yeBumbiro reMitemo

Benjamin Franklin akapa hurukuro yakakurumbira umo iye akati: Ndinobvuma iyi Bumbiro reMitemo, mutongi, nemhaka yokuti handifungi kuti yakanakisisa, asi handifungi kuti tingagona kuita chipi nechipi chiri nani, uye nemhaka yokuti ndinoziva kuti tinokanganisa, uye kuti pane chimwe chinhu chakashata mariri, asi ndinozivawo kuti tinogona kuchichinja.

Tsinhiro dzaFranklin dzakabatanidza uzivi hwechinjo nokuzivikanwa kwokukanganisa kwomunhu. Kutaura kwake kwakabvuma kuti Bumbiro reMitemo rakanga risina kukwana asi rakamirira kubvumirana kwakanakisisa kwaigona kuwanikwa panguva yacho. Chinokosha zvikuru, akasimbisa kuti gwaro racho raigona kugadziridzwa mamiriro ezvinhu achichinja uye sezvo rudzi rwakadzidza muruzivo rwokuzviwanira. Uhu uzivi hwokuchinjika kwebumbiro remitemo hwakabvumira vaAmerica kushanduka - shanduka nepo vachichengeta kupfuurira nenheyo dzokuvamba.

Daniel Webster Nedudziro Yebumbiro reMitemo

Daniel Webster akapfeka zvishoo zvitatu , ragyer, uye mutungamiriri wehurumende (aposvos), iye akaumba zvikurukuru nzvimbo yapamutemo neyezvematongerwe enyika yeUnited States. Somumiriri nomutauriri, hurukuro dzine simba dzinorwisana nokuparadza uye kurondedzera urudzi hweAmerica uye akagovera hwaro hwoungwaru hwokuchengeta, Abraham Lincoln aizovaka padziri gare gare.

Hurukuro dzaWebster dzakataura chiono cheBumbiro reMitemo semutemo mukurusa wenyika, uchibatanidza nyika dzose pamwe chete mumubatanidzwa usingapingudziki. Kutaura kwake kwakabetsera kusimbisa nheyo yokuti chiremera chehurumende, chinoshandiswa nenzira yakafanira mukati memiganhu yebumbiro remitemo, hurumende yakatsiviwa inoreva kubvisa mitemo yehurumende. Idzi tsinhiro dzaizobvumikisa kuva dzinokosha mukati menjodzi dzebumbiro remitemo idzo dzakatungamirira kuHondo yeChizvarwa chavagari vemo.

Kutaura Kwakawedzera Zviito Zvehurumende

Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe hurukuro dzaisimbisa zvimiro zvebumbiro remitemo zvaivapo, dzimwe dzakadenha rudzi kuti rurarame mukuwirirana nemirangariro yarwo yakanyorwa.Aya kero dzakafumura kupesana pakati penheyo dzapakuvamba dzeAmerica nemiitiro yadzo, zvikurukuru pamusoro pouranda, maruramiro avagari vemo, uye kubatwa kwakaenzana mukutonga kwomutemo.

Frederick Douglas: "Unyengeri hwouranda hweAmerica"

Muna 1852, Douglas akakokwa kuti ataure panzvimbo yavose yokuchengeta kwechina kwaJuly muRochester, N.Y. panzvimbo pokutaura pamusoro pemhemberero yacho, Douglas akataura nhau yakanga ichiparadzanisa rudzi.

Kutaura kwaDouglas kwakadenha vaAmerica kunangana nomukaha pakati pemipimo yavo yaitaurwa nezviito zvavo. Kupfurikidza nokukumbira Bumbiro remitemo nenheyo dzorusununguko zvakaitirwa kudzivirira, Douglas akapikisa kuti uranda hunoputsa misengwa mikuru yapamutemo netsika dzorudzi. Kutaura kwake kwakaratidzira kuti hurukuro dzingagona sei kubatira sezvishandiso zvenzanga, kuchigombedzera masangano avo emitemo kunzvera kana gadziriro dzapamutemo dzakaratidzira zvirokwazvo ruramisiro nokuenzana.

William Seward

Seward akabvuma kuti vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo vakanga vaziva kuvapo kwouranda ndokuidzivirira kwahuri, asi ndima itsva yaidzorwa no "mutemo wakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura Bumbiro reMitemo" y mutemo wetsika wakatangwa na"Musiki wechisiko chose". William Henry Seward ainzi "Mutemo wakakwirira" unoramba uri mumwe wehurukuro dzinokosha zvikurusa munhau yeDare. Yakanga isiri bedzi hurukuro yake yokutanga kuDare, yakanga iriwo imwe yemifungo yake inopesvedzera zvikurusa mukati mebasa rokuisa mutemo wegore gumi namaviri; yakatanga nokukurumidza kuva mutungamiriri mukuru wezvouranda worudzi anorwisana nomutemo.

Kutaura kwaSeward kwakatanga chibvumikiso chinomutsa nharo asi chinopesvedzera: kuti mutemo wetsika ungagona kutsiva gadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo apo gadziriro idzodzo dzairwisana nenheyo huru dzeruramisiro. Nepo vatsoropodzi vakadenha ichi chimiro sechinoshatisa chiremera chebumbiro remitemo, vatsigiri vakarangarira kuti chakasimbisa Bumbiro remitemo kupfurikidza nokuisa munheyo dzetsika dzapasi pose. Uku kukurukurirana pamusoro poukama pakati pomutemo netsika kunopfuurira kupesvedzera kududzirwa kwebumbiro remitemo nhasi.

Abraham Lincoln Nekero yeGettysburg

Zvichida hapana kutaura kune nzwisiso yakaumbwa zvikuru yeAmerica yehurumende yedemokrasi kupfuura Getysburg Address. Mumashoko 272 bedzi, Lincoln akarondedzerazve Hondo yevagari vemo semuedzo wekuti hurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji ingagona kupukunyuka here, uye akaisazve Bumbiro remitemo mukuwirirana nechipikirwa cheIrevotion of Independence chekuti "vanhu vose vanosikwa vakaenzana.

Abraham Lincoln "Hurumende yavanhu, inoitwa navanhu, nokuti vanhu" vakava imwe yerondedzero dzakakurumbira zvikurusa dzehurumende yedemocracy. Chimiro chaLincoln chakasimbisa kuti hurumende yapamutemo inowana chiremera chayo mukubvuma kudzorwa uye iripo kubatira fariro dzavanhu. Iyi nheyo yakapesvedzera masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu munyika yose uye inoramba iri chinhu chikuru kukurukurirano pamusoro poutongi nerokuzvidavirira zvehurumende.

Kutaura Kwechimakumi Maviri Netsika Dzechidhimoni

Zana ramakore rechimakumi maviri rakapupurira hurukuro dzakakurukura denho itsva kukudzora kwehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, kubvira pakuderera kwezvemari kusvikira kurwisano yenyika nokuda kwamaruramiro avagari vemo.Aya kero dzakawirirana nenheyo dzinogara kusvikira kumigariro yapanguva ino uye dzakakudza kunzwisisa izvo hurumende yedemokrasi inoda.

Franklin D. Roosevelt's Fources Shoubles

Iyi hurukuro, yakapiwa naPurezidhendi Franklin Roosevelt pana January 6, 1941, yakasvika pakuzivikanwa se "Rusununguko Rwedu rwokutaura" yake nemhaka yechikamu chipfupi chokupedzisa umo akarondedzera chiono chake nokuda kwokutambanudza mirangariro yeAmerica munyika yose. Mumazuva anotevera, ayo tinotsvaka kuita kuti ive yakachengeteka, tinotarira mberi kunyika yakavakirwa parusununguko rwavanhu runokosha ina. Chokutanga rusununguko rwokutaura nokutaura.

Chiratidzo charo Roosevelt chakabudisa chiono chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu chakavakirwa murusununguko rukuru: rusununguko rwokutaura nekutaura, rusununguko rwokunamata, rusununguko rwokushaiwa, uye rusununguko pakutya. Nokuti hapana chinhu chakavanzika pamusoro penheyo dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ine utano hwakanaka neyakasimba. Zvinhu zvinokosha zvinokarirwa navanhu vedu vegadziriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika nedzemari zvakapfava. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidza udzori hwehurumende yehurumende nekodzero dzavanhu, Roosevelt zvakakudza mufungo weizvo hurumende yakakweretesa vagari vemo.

Kero yokutanga yeFDR yokusaziva

Muna 1933, Purezidhendi mutsva akatarisana nerudzi rwaitarisana nokuderera kukuru kwemari. "Kutanga, regai ndisimbise chitendero changu chokuti chinhu bedzi chatinofanira kutya ndirwo rutyo chairwo chairwo -- kusava namazita, kutyisa kusina mufungo, kusingaruramisiri uko kunodzivisa nhamburiko dzinodikanwa dzokutendeutsa kudzokera mberi," Roosevelt akataura sezvaaizarura kutaura kwake kune simba.

Iyi hurukuro yokutanga yakaratidzira kuti hurukuro dzingagona sei kudzorera chivimbo chavanhu mukati menjodzi. Roosevelt akashandisa chikuva chake kuvimbisa vaAmerica kuti gadziriro yavo yedemokrasi inogona kupedza kunyange zvinetso zvemari zvakakomba. Kutaura kwake kwakasimbisa kuti hurumende yaiva nomutoro wokuita chiito nenzira yakasimba kuti idzivirire garikano yavagari vemo, ichibetsera kutanga hwaro hwouzivi nokuda kwebasa rakawedzerwa rehurumende yehurumende yehurumende mune zvoupfumi uye munzanga.

Martin Luther King Jr.'Ati: Ndine hope

Mutambo waKing’s "Dream" waipfuura padanho raAugust 28, 1963, wakatevera naJohn F. Kennedy ya1965 yakatanga kutangwa uye Franklin Roosevelt yakatanga hurukuro yokutanga muna 1933 apo nyanzvi dzakatanga hurukuro dzinokosha zvikurusa dzezvamatongerwe enyika muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri. Kutaura kwaMambo paLincoln Chirangaridzo muna August 1963, pamberi pavanhu 250 000, ndiimwewo yehurukuro dzinodzongonyeswa zvikurusa munhau yazvino uno.

Hurukuro yaKing yakasimbisa zvikuru kudikanwa kwekuenzana kwedzinza neruramisiro pasi pomutemo. Kupfurikidza nokukumbira Bumbiro reMitemo neZiviso yeIniversitetion, King akataura kuti America yakanga yabudisa "chiziviso chekodzero" kuvagari vose vaivimbisa kodzero dzakaenzana, uye kuti rudzi rwakanga rwaita chipikirwa ichi nokuda kwevaAmerica veAfrica. Kutaura kwake kwakaratidzira kuti kunyora kwaigona sei kukurudzira masangano avanhu nokuda kwechinjo yepamutemo nenzanga, pakupedzisira kuchibetsera kuiswa kwomutemo wekodzero dzavagari vemo.

Teddy Roosevelt Pamusoro Pehurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu Yakachena

Ndinodavira hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yakachena. Ndine Lincoln, ndinodavira kuti: Nyika ino, namasangano ayo, ndezvavanhu vageremo; kana vachinge vaneta nehurumende iripo, vanogona kushandisa maruramiro avo emitemo okuitsiva. Tinotenda kuti vanhu vane maruramiro, simba, uye basa rokuzvidzivirira vamene negarikano yavo vamene; kuti maruramiro avanhu akakwirira kupfuura dzimwe maruramiro ose; kuti pfuma inofanira kuva mubatiri, kwete tenzi, wavanhu.

Roosevelt ya1912 kuOhio Convention Constitution yeMitemo yeMitemo yakafutura nheyo dzinofambira mberi idzo dzingapesvedzera kurukurirano pamusoro poudzori hwedemokrasi muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri. Ndinodavira kutanga uye kudzorwa, kunofanira kushandiswa kusaparadza hurumende inomirira, asi kuiruramisa apo inombova inoshatisa. Kudzora kwake nokuda kwegadziriro dzamasangano edemocracy kwakaratidza itiro hanya pamusoro pokuva nechokwadi kuti hurumende yakaramba ichiita kuda kwakakurumbira.

Maonero Anoita Nyika Dzose Utongi Hwehurumende

Vatungamiriri munyika yose vakashandisa mitemo yokudzora hurumende yegutsaruzhinji, kazhinji kacho vachitora pfungwa kubva kumagamuchidzanwa akasiyana - siyana emitemo yehurumende, vachidzishandisa uye vachidzichinja.

Winston Churchill Pamusoro Poubati Ushe Hwehurumende Hunosarudzwa Navanhu

Mukutaura kwake, chaakataura chaiva ichi: “Hapana munhu anonyepedzera kuti hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yakakwana kana kuti yakachenjera. Zvirokwazvo, kwakataurwa kuti utongi hunosarudzwa navanhu chimiro chakaipisisa cheHurumende kunze kwezvimwe zvimiro zvose izvo zvakaedzwa panguva nenguva. Kuratidza kwakakurumbira kwaChurchill kunobvuma kusakwana kwoutongi hunosarudzwa navanhu uku achisimbisa ukuru hwahwo kugadziriro dzakasiana dzehurumende.

Hurukuro dzenguva yehondo dzaChurchill dzakatsigirawo marudzi ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu patyisidziro dzoudzvinyiriri, dzichisimbisa ukoshi hwouchangamire, kugadziridza, uye kutonga kwomutemo. Kutaura kwake kwakaratidzira kuti kutaura kwaigona sei kutsigira tsika dzedemocracy mukati menjodzi dziripo uye kujeka chikonzero nei kutonga kwehurumende yavanhu kwakanga kwakafanirwa nokudzivirira kunyange pamutengo mukuru.

Ronald Reagan’s Westminster

Donzo randinokarakadza rakapfava zvikuru kutaura: kusimudzira nheyo dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu – gadziriro yemibatanidzwa yakasununguka yepepanhau, mibatanidzwa, mayunivhesiti, iyo inobvumira vanhu kusarudza nzira yavo vamene, kutanga tsika dzavo vamene, kuyananisa misiyano yavo vamene kupfurikidza nemitoo ine rugare. Rutauriro rwa1982 rwakajekesera chiono chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu icho chakasimbisa nheyo dzamasangano panzvimbo pemiitirowo zvayo yesangano.

Kana rutivi rwasara rwezana rino ramakore ruchizopupurira kukura kwapashoma napashoma kworusununguko nevavariro dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, tinofanira kuita zviito kubetsera nhimbe yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kero yaReagan yakabetsera kutanga kusimudzirwa kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu senharidzano huru yemiitiro yokumwe yeAmerica, ichitaura kuti kutsigira masangano ehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji munyika yose kwakabatira zvose zviri zviviri ganhuriro dzetsika nefariro dzinoshanda murugare nedzikamo.

Nheyo Dzemabhande Dzakapinzwa Kupfurikidza Nekutaura Kwakakurumbira

Mumakore akasiyana - siyana, hurukuro dzakakurumbira dzakasimbisa dzimwe nheyo dzinokosha dzinotsigira utongi hwehurumende uye urongwa hwemitemo chete.

Kururamisira uye Kutonga Kwomutemo

Ruramisiro nebatano isina rusaruro mumutemo zvinomira sezvimwe nheyo hurusa inoratidzirwa muhurukuro dzezvematongerwe enyika. Vatauri vakasimbisa nguva dzose kuti hurumende yapamutemo inofanira kubata vagari vose vemo zvakaenzana pamberi pomutemo, pasina rusaruro kana kuti rusaruro rwakavakirwa pamavara asina maturo.

Kusimbisa nheyo iyi kwakabetsera kutanga ndokuchengeta kariro yokuti chiremera chehurumende chinofanira kushandiswa mukuwirirana nemiitiro yapamutemo yakagadzwa neganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo.

Kutaura kwakakurumbira kwakakurukurawo ukama pakati pomutemo netsika, kuchikurukura kana gadziriro dzapamutemo dzichifanira kungoshandisawo hadzo nheyo dzetsika dzapamutemo kana kuti dzinofanira kuva dzomutemo wetsika. Uku kunyanduka kunooneka muhurukuro dzinobva mu “mutemo wakakwirira zvikuru ” waSeward" kurukurirano kuteererwa kwenheyo dzomuzvarirwo dzaMambo mukutsigira kodzero dzavagari vemo.

Rusununguko Norusununguko

Rusununguko (hwunonyanya) rwokutaura, rwechitendero, uye rwehana rwave rwuri musoro mukuru muhurukuro pamusoro pehurumende nemitemo. Nharo pamusoro penhau dzavose dzinofanira kuva dzisingadzorwi, dzakasimba, uye dzakajeka, uye kuti dzingabatanidza kudenha kwakapinza, kunodenha, uye pane dzimwe nguva kusingafadzi pahurumende navakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende, sezvinojekeswa munhau dzorusununguko rwakatanhamara.

Nheyo dzakasimbisa kuti rusununguko runoda zvinopfuura kusadzorwa kwehurumende. Runoda dziviriro inoshingaira yekodzero dzevanhu, dziviriro yesangano mukurwisana noudzvinyiriri, uye tsika inokoshesa rusununguko nokusabvumirana. Rusununguko rwokusarudza vatungamiriri kupfurikidza nesarudzo dzakarurama, kutaura mirangariro isingafarirwi pasina rutyo rwechitambudzo, uye kushandisa rudzidziso rwomunhu mukuwirirana nehana zvose zvakasimbiswa sezvinhu zvinokosha zvehurumende yakasununguka.

Kutaura kwakananga kuiyi dzvinyiriro kwakanzverawo ganhuriro dzorusununguko, kuchibvuma kuti rusununguko runofanira kuva rwakadzikama mukurwisana nemimwe mipimo inokosha yakadai sechengeteko, nhevedzano, uye maruramiro avamwe.

Kuenzana uye Kudzivirirwa Kwakaenzana

Nheyo yokuti vagari vose vose vanofanirwa nokubatwa kwakaenzana mumutemo, pasinei zvapo nedzinza, rudzidziso, vatano, kana kuti mamwe mavara, yakajekeswa zvakasimba kupfurikidza nokutaura kunoda maruramiro evagari vemo neruramisiro yenzanga. Kubva mukushurikidza kwaDouglas uranda kufungidziro yaMambo yorudzi umo vanhu vaizotongwa nohunhu panzvimbo peruvara rweganda, kutaura kwave kuchishandiswa mukukudza dziviriro dzapamutemo nokuda kwamapoka akachekenurwa.

Munhu ari wose haasati achizotongova nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yechokwadi kutozosvikira kuva nechiremera chavanhu chavanhu chakabatana kutozosvikira iyi nheyo yakasunda kutambanudza kodzero dzokuvhota uye dziviriro yapamutemo kumapoka akamborambidzwa kare, pasina pamusoro pedzinza, vatano, ruvara kana kuti chitendero zvine inzwi rake amene risingatsauswi uye risingashandurwi muhurumende, seizvo zvinotaura mubumbiro wemitemo Carrie Chapman Catt. Iyi nheyo yakasunda masangano kutambanudzira maruramiro okuvhota uye dziviriro yapamutemo yakaenzana kumapoka akare asina kubatanidzwa.

Kutaura pamusoro pokuenzana kwakakurukurawo mativi ezvemari, kuchisimbisa kuti kusaenzana kukuru kunogona kuderedza utongi hwehurumende yavanhu kupfurikidza nokupa simba rezvamatongerwe enyika rakaisvowanda kuvapfumi.

Mutoro Webasa uye Kutorawo Rutivi

Nepo hurukuro dzichiwanzosimbisa maruramiro, dzinosimbisawo mitoro iyo vagari vemo vanotakura mugadziriro dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Democracy inoda kutora rutivi runoshingaira($, kubatira pamatare anobetsera vatongi, kugara uchiziviswa pamusoro penhau dzavose, uye kuita kuti vatungamiriri vazvidavirire.

Kunoda kuti vagari vemo vabatane nenhau dzakaoma, vabvumirane pazvinenge zvakakodzera, uye kuti varemekedze migumisiro yehurumende yegutsaruzhinji kunyange pavanenge vasingabvumirani nezvisarudzo zvakati. Kutaura kwakajekesa unhu hwehurumende nerumwe rudzi (hwechipiri), kuva munhu anoshivirira, kuva nomufungo, uye kuzvipira kune zvakanaka zvinotarisirwa nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu).

Hurumende Yebumbiro remitemo Nesimba Rinoganhurirwa

Kutaura kwakasimbisa nguva dzose kuti simba rehurumende rinofanira kuganhurirwa ndokushandiswa mukuwirirana neganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo. Bumbiro reMitemo rinobatira somutemo mukuru uyo kunyange ukuru husingagoni kukunda kupfurikidza nemiitirowo zvayo yezvamatongerwe enyika. Iyi nheyo inodzivirira maruramiro mashoma uye inodzivisa mativi makuru echinguvana kushandura zvikurukuru chimiro chehurumende kana kuti kubvisa rusununguko rukuru.

Vatauri vakarondedzera rondedzero dzakasiana- siyana dzedudziro yebumbiro remitemo, vachiitisana nharo kana Bumbiro reMitemo richifanira kunzwisiswa mukuwirirana nerevo yaro yapakuvamba kana kuti kurondedzerwa sechinyorwa chipenyu chinoshanduka nemigariro inochinja. Bumbiro reMitemo rinowanzorangarirwa segwaro benyu, rinochinja. Kuti rizivise kuvakwa kwaro kunopfuurira, nyanzvi, magweta, uye vatongi kazhinji kazhinji vanotendeukira kumavambo eBumbiro reMitemo nokuda kwemhinduro.

Kutaura kwakakurukurawo kuparadzanisa kwamasimba pakati pamapazu akasiyana - siyana ehurumende, kuchisimbisa kuti kuparadzanisa chiremera kunodzivisa sangano ripi neripi kuunganidza mwero ine ngozi yesimba. Iyi dziviriro yorusununguko yave iri musoro unodzokororwa mukutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika pamusoro pokutonga kwebumbiro remitemo.

Mazano Okutaura Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Kunobudirira

Kunzwisisa kuti vanhu vanonzwisisa sei hurumende hakungofaniri kungoongorora zvinotaurwa nevakurukuri chete, asi kuti vanozvitaura sei.

Kukurudzirwa Kuti Vaone Zvinhu Pamwe Chete uye Kuti Vaiva Vanhu Verudzi Rwose

Hurukuro dzinobudirira dzinotanga zvibvumikiso zvavo zvinokosha izvo vateereri vanotogamuchira. Panzvimbo pokusuma nheyo itsva chose chose, vakurukuri vanobudirira vanoratidza kuti zvikarakadzo zvavo zvinowirirana sei nemisengwa yakasimbiswa kururamisiro, rusununguko, kuenzana, kana kuti dzimwe pfungwa dzakagoveranwa zvikuru.

Vanotaura vanokumbira Bumbiro Remitemo, Chirevo Chokuzvimirira, uye chiono cheVavambi kuti zvavanotaura zvinomiririra hurumende yegutsaruzhinji yeAmerica.

Kurondedzera Nokurondedzera

Panzvimbo pokungotaura kuti kururamisira kunoda kubatwa zvakaenzana, vakurukuri vanorondedzera zviitiko zvakati zvokusaruramisira uye kurasikirwa kwazvinoitwa nevanhu.

Nhoroondo dzenhau dzine simba zvikurukuru muhurukuro dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Kupfurikidza nokurondedzera rwisano dzorusununguko, ruramisiro, kana kuti kudzora kwedemocracy, vakurukuri vanobatanidza denho dzapanguva imwe cheteyo nenzvimbo huru zvikuru dzenhau. Iyi nzira inokarakadza kuti nhamburiko dzazvino uno dzinopfuuridzira magamuchidzanwa akaisvonaka uye kuti budiriro inobvira nemhaka yokuti denho dzakafanana dzakakurirwa kare.

Kudzokorora uye Mashoko Asingakanganwiki

Hurukuro dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinobudirira dzinoshandisa kudzokorora kusimbisa mapfundo makuru ndokuita mashoko anoyeukwa ayo anobata pfungwa dzakaoma kunzwisisa muchimiro chakapfava, chinovandika. Lincoln’s "hurumende yavanhu, navanhu, uye kutaura kwaMambo kunodzokororwa "Ndine chiroto" kunoratidzira kuti kudzokorora kunogona sei kuita kuti hurukuro dziyeukwe uye mashoko avo arambe achipfuurira.

Aya mashoko asingakanganwiki anowanzotora upenyu hwavo vamene, achinokorwa mashoko uye achinongedzerwa nguva refu pashure pekutaura kwapakuvamba.

Kusiyana Nokudzivisa

Vatauri vanowanzoshandisa misiyano kurodza nharo dzavo, vachikarakadza pfungwa dzinopesana kusimbisa misiyano nezvisarudzo zvakajeka.

Antithesis, kushandiswa kwechivako chakafanana kusimbisa mifungo inosiana, chishandiso chinoshanda zvikuru chinopindwa pachena. Kennedy’s "Kubvunza kuti nyika yako inogona kukuitirei, bvunzai zvamunogona kuitira nyika yenyu" inoratidzira kuti kupesana nedzidziso kunogona sei kuita kuti nharo dzive dzine simba zvikuru uye dzinoyeukwa.

Tapuro Yokutaura Pakufambira Mberi Kwemitemo Nekwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Hurukuro dzakakurumbira dzakapesvedzera kufambira mberi kwepamutemo nezvematongerwe enyika munzira dzakawanda, kubva pakuumba pfungwa dzevanhu kusvika pakupa mazano ouchenjeri ayo matare nevanogadza mitemo gare gare vakazoagamuchira.

Kushatisa Mafungiro Evanhu Nemasangano Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Zvigaro zvinogona kubudisa mirangariro yavose, kupa inzwi kuitiro hanya idzo vanhu vazhinji vanonzwa asi vasina kutsanangura. Kupfurikidza nokuronga nhau munzira dzinogombedzera, vakurukuri vanogona kuchinja murangariro wavose ndokuvaka tsigiro nokuda kwamasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika. Hurukuro dzaMambo, somuenzaniso, dzinobetsera kuchinja itiro hanya yekodzero dzavagari vemo kubva muitiro hanya yenharaunda kuva nzvimbo yokutanga yenyika, pakupedzisira inotungamirira kumutemo wetsika.

Vakurukuri vanobatsira vagari vemo kuti vabatane nenharo dzinokosha vova nepfungwa dzakanyatsozivikanwa.

Kurambidza Kutonga uye Kutonga

Kutaura kunogona kupesvedzera zvakananga nharo dzemitemo nezvisarudzo zvokutonga. Nharo dzinotaurwa muhurukuro dzakakurumbira dzinowanzooneka gare gare mufungidziro dzemitemo, mirangariro yedare, uye unyanzvi hwapamutemo. Hurukuro dzeWebster, somuenzaniso, dzakagovera rondedzero dzebumbiro remitemo idzo Dare Rapamusoro rakagamuchira muzvinoitika zvinooneka zvinowedzera simba rehurumende.

Kunyange apo hurukuro dzisingachinji nokukurumidza mitemo, vanogona kuchinja mashoko ekurukurirano munzira dzinotungamirira pakupedzisira kukuchinja kwapamutemo.

Kugadza Zvikamu Zvokutanga Nezvinyakare

Hurukuro dzaPurezidhendi, zvikurukuru, dzinogona kutanga mienzaniso inoumba nzira iyo vatungamiriri venguva yemberi vanonzwisisa nayo mabasa avo nemitoro. Hurukuro yokutanga yeWashington yakaisa kariro dzomufambiro wapurezidhendi idzo dzakapesvedzera vatsivi vake. Hurukuro dzaRoosevelt pamusoro pomutoro wehurumende nokuda kwegarikano yemari dzakabetsera kutanga mipimo pamusoro pebasa rehurumende yehurumende inopfuurira nhasi.

Kuratidza kuti dzimwe nzira dzokutaura kana kuti dzokukwikwidza, vakurukuri vanodzora kuti nharo dzezvematongerwe enyika dzinoitwa sei uye kuti zvikonzero zvipi zvinoonekwa sezvakanaka panenge pachifungwa nevanhu vakawanda.

Kuchinja Kwemashoko Enhau

Hurukuro dzakakurukurwa munyaya ino dzinoramba dzichishanda kunharo dzepanguva ino pamusoro pehurumende negadziriro dzemitemo.Nheyo dzadzakataura nejekeso (8) ruramisiro, rusununguko, kuenzana, mutoro wehurumende, uye kudzora kwebumbiro remitemo (hwunoramba huchitungamirira hurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika neyapamutemo.)

Nharo Dzinopfuurira Pamusoro Pedudziro Yebumbiro remitemo

Ko Bumbiro reMitemo rinofanira kuturikirwa maererano nerevo yaro yapakuvamba, kana kuti rinofanira kushanduka - shanduka kuti rigadzirise kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu epanguva ino here?

Kudzidza kuti zvizvarwa zvekare zvakapindura sei mibvunzo yakafanana, kunotibatsira kunzwisisa matambudziko edu uye kuti tingapindura sei.

Kuramba Kurwisa Kuchiva Nokuenzana uye Kururamisira

Masangano eContemporary okururamisira vanhu anokurudzirwa nokutaura kwenhau, achichinja nharo dzawo uye mazano okusada mhinduro kuti agadzirise rusarura uye kusaenzana kuri kuitwa panguva ino, kunyange zvazvo Douglas akashora uranda uye Mambo akarayira kodzero dzevanhu, kurwira kuenzana nokururamisira vanhu kunopfuurira.

Nheyo dzakajeka muhurukuro dzakakurumbira − dzokuti vanhu vose vanofanirwa nokubatwa kwakaenzana mumutemo, kuti ruramisiro inoda zvinopfuura kuenzana kwapamutemo, kuti hurumende ine mutoro wokudzivirira vasina dziviriro() inoramba ine chokuita nenharo pamusoro pokuchinja kweruramisiro youtsotsi, kuvhota, kusaenzana kwemari, uye dzimwe nhau dzapanguva ino.

Kutonga Kwehurumende Kwemadhimoni Munguva Yetsika Netsika

Zvisinei, kukamukana kwezvinobudisa nhau uye kubudiswa kwemanyuko enzanga kwakachinja kuti kutaura kunoitwa nevanhu kuve nyore, asi chinangwa chinokosha chekutaura zvematongerwo enyika chichiri kushandiswa nevakuru vakuru kuti vatsanangure mitemo, vape vanhu vemunyika, uye kuti vaone zvinhu zviri mberi.

Vakurukuri vepanguva ino vanotarisana nezvinetso izvo vakatangira vasina kukurukura zvinobudirira mumhoteredzo yemashoko akawanda, nzira yokusvika nayo vateereri mumativi akakamukana enhau, uye nzira yokuchengeta nayo hurukuro yavagari vemo munzvimbo dzakabatana dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Bva nheyo dzokutaura kunobudirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika ($claration, relation, reconsonces, sul commons to divings.)

Ukoshi Hwedzidzo Hwokudzidza Kutaura Kwakakurumbira

Kudzidza hurukuro dzakakurumbira pamusoro pehurumende negadziriro dzapamutemo kunopa betsero dzakawanda dzedzidzo.Aya kero dzinogovera mafafitera munhambo dzenhau, dzichizivisa kuti vanhu vakanzwisisa sei denho dzezvamatongerwe enyika uye kukurukura zvingagona kuitika.

Kunzwisisa Nhoroondo

Kudzidza idzi kero kunoda kudzidza pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwe enyika, emagariro, uye ezvemari ayo akavasunda.iyi nzwisiso yamashoko akapoteredza inopfumisa zivo yedu yenhau uye inotibetsera kunzwisisa kuti pfungwa pamusoro pehurumende nomutemo dzakavapo sei nokufamba kwenguva.

Nokuongorora hurukuro dziri mumashoko akapoteredza, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani chikonzero nei dzimwe nharo dzainzwika nevateereri vakati uye kuti vakurukuri vaichinja sei mashoko avo kuti aenderane nemamiriro ezvinhu akati.

Kutanga Unyanzvi Hwokufunga Hunonetsa

Vadzidzi vanodzidza kuziva nharo, kuongorora uchapupu, kuongorora nzira dzokuita nadzo zvinhu, uye kuongorora kuti zvinzvimbo zvine musoro sei.Unyanzvi uhwu hwokuongorora hunobatsira kwete chete pakunzwisisa hurukuro dzenhau asi pakubatanidzwa nehurukuro dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzepanguva iyoyo.

Kudzidza hurukuro kunokurudzirawo vadzidzi kufunga nezvemifungo yakasiyana - siyana panhau dzinomutsa nharo. Nokuongorora hurukuro dzinomirira maonero akasiyana - siyana aripo nedzinonzi Webster naCalhoun pamusoro pesimba rehurumende, somuenzaniso, kana kuti zviono zvakasiyana - siyana zvedudziro yebumbiro remitemo, (hwhedhiyo) vanodzidza kunzwisisa kuoma kwemibvunzo yezvematongerwe enyika uye kuwanda kwezvinzvimbo zvine musoro zvinogona kuva nevanhu.

Kubatanidzwa Kunofadza Muchibvumirano Chokuberekana

Kutaura kunonyadzisa kunogona kukurudzira vadzidzi kutaurirana nevanhu nokuratidza kuti vanhu vanogona sei kupesvedzera nhau dzavose nokukurukurirana zvinobudirira.

Vadzidzi pavanodzidza hurukuro dzaipikisa kusaruramisira uye dzaitsigira kuti zvinhu zvichinje, vanodzidza kuti vanhuwo zvavo vanogona kubatsira zvikuru pakubudirira kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kwemitemo.

Zvinhu Zvinobatsira Kuti Tirambe Tichidzidza

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kunzvera hurukuro dzakakurumbira pamusoro pehurumende negadziriro dzapamutemo zvakadzama zvikuru, zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvinowanika. American Rhetoric website inogovera magwaro namarekodhi akarekodwa ehurukuro dzinokosha. National Archives inochengeta unganidzwa kwezvinyorwa zvokuvamba namashoko apurezidhendi izvo zvakaumba American Control.

Masangano ezvemitemo akafanana ne Constitution Center inogovera zviwanikwa zvedzidzo pamusoro penhau yebumbiro remitemo nehurukuro dzakapesvedzera kusimudzirwa kwebumbiro remitemo. Maraibhurari eUniversity nezvinyorwa zvemichina zvinogovera kusvika kuhurukuro dzenhau nenzvero dzenyanzvi dzetapuro dzadzo.

Mabhuku anoongorora hurukuro dzakakurumbira anopa nzwisiso huru zvikuru yezvakaitika kare, mazano okusada kupindurwa, uye simba risingaperi.

Mugumo: Simba Risingaperi Remashoko Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Vatungamiriri vakajekesa nheyo dzinokosha dzokudzora kwoutongi hwehurumende, vakadenha kusaruramisira, masangano akafuridzirwa kuti achinje, uye vakagovera unyanzvi hunoramba huchipesvedzera kukura kwemitemo nezvamatongerwe enyika.

Nheyo dzakasimbiswa muidzi hurukuro “‘ ruramisiro, rusununguko, kuenzana, mutoro wehurumende, uye kudzora kwebumbiro remitemo zvinoramba zviri zvinoshanda nhasi seapo zvakatanga kutsanangurwa.

Kufunda hurukuro dzakakurumbira kunopa nzwisiso dzinokosha pamusoro penzira iyo pfungwa dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinovamba nokupararira nayo, kuti kurukurirano inogona sei kupesvedzera zvinobudirira kumurangariro wavose nomuitiro, uye kuti vanhu vamwe navamwe vanogona sei kubetsera kufambiro mberi yezvamatongerwe enyika neyapamutemo.Aya kero dzinotiyeuchidza kuti hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inoda zvinopfuura masangano nemiitiro; inoda kuva mugari wemo anoshingaira, kurangarira nokurangarira, uye kuzvipira kugoverana nheyo.

Sezvatinotarisana nezvinetso zvenguva ino zvokutonga kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu — kudzora kwehurumende yegutsaruzhinji, kusanzwisisa, kusavimba nemasangano — kutaura kwakanzverwa munyaya ino kunopa zvose zviri zviviri kurudziro nenhungamiro.

Tsika yokutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunopfuurira nhasi, sezvo vatungamiriri vanoshandisa kutaura kukurukura navagari vemo, kutsanangura miitiro, uye zviono zvakajeka zvenguva yemberi. Nepo nzvimbo yenhau yakachinja zvinoshamisa, zvinangwa zvinokosha zvehurukuro dzezvamatongerwe enyika zvinoramba zvisina kuchinja. Vanodzidzisa, vanonyandura, uye vanobatanidza (_mabasa anokosha kuudzori hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu) zvino sezvazvave zvakaita.

Kupfurikidza nokufunda nokudzidza muhurukuro dzakakurumbira pamusoro pehurumende namasangano emitemo, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani magamuchidzanwa edu timene ezvamatongerwe enyika, kubatanidzwa nenzira inobudirira zvikuru mukurukurirano dzapanguva imwe cheteyo, uye kubetsera kugadziriro inopfuurira yokuvaka nokutsigira nzanga dzakarurama, dzakasununguka, uye dzehurumende.