Sumo

Kuwanda kwemafoni, mahwendefa, uye marapy kwakachinja kuchengetera nokutakura mashoko anokurumidza kunzwika. Pamiganhu yeUnited States, vakuru vakuru vemapurisa vanokumbira nguva dzose kana kuti kumanikidza kuti vapinde makombiyuta aya. Muitiro uyu unomutsa mubvunzo webumbiro remitemo weC5 Amendment: Ko Ko Ko Kuchinja kweChina kunoda kuti mutemo ushande usati watsvaka muchina womunhu oga pamuganhu wenyika yose? Mhinduro, sezvainomira, iri kure neyunifomu uye inopfuurira kutendeukira kupfurikidza nemitemo yedare, mitemo yesangano, uye zvikarakadzo zvemitemo. Nyaya inonzvera zvikwaniso zvepamutemo zvinodzora kunzvera muganhu nokuda kwemibatanidzwa yemichina yemichina, kunzvera kunetsa kuchengeteko pakati pekodzero yenyika nekodzero dzavanhu voga vega.

Mavambo Epamutemo Okunzvera Mucheto

Kutsvaka Muganhu Kwakasiyana

Zvisinei, Dare Repamusorosoro reUnited States rakanguve raziva “kutsvaka kusiri kwepamutemo kwevhozhokero yehurumende kubvumidza vamiririri vehurumende kuita nzvero isina kukodzera pamiganhu yenyika yose. Uku kusiiwa kunotsamira muchiremera chapamutemo chehurumende kudzivirira miganhu yenyika ndokudzivisa kupinda kwemiganhu yenyika, zvinhu zvinorambidzwa, uye vanhu vanotyisidzira. Muiyi dzidziso, kunzvera kwomuganhu kwenguva dzose hakuna kuda pamutemo kubvumirwa kana kuti kunyumwirwa kupi nokupi.

Kugadziridzwa Kwechina uye Kutarisira Kuva Woga Zvine Mwero

Ukuru hwekutsvaka muganhu hwakadenhwazve semichina yemichina yazova inosarira. Kurangarira kweDare mu United States v. Jones (2012] na] Riley v. California[] (Ukuru hwemikana mikuru yemakombiyuta inoita kuti muganhu wedare utange kuva ngozi isingaenzaniswi. Nhau yacho inonzvera kana muganhu wakagadzirirwa nokuda kwemitoo yebasa romuviri. [[FLT:]] Riley[[FLT]]]] yakatapurwa nokusungwa, kubata kwaro kuti kushaidzwa kwaro chiitiko kuti chitonge kusungwa yakapesvedzera muganhu. Nhau inonzvera muganhu mukuru inonzvera muganhu unonzvera muganhu, kunyange zvazvo yakagadzirirwa nokuda kwokunzvera mapeji ezvishandiso zvinopfuriranwa zvemaza.

Kuwedzera Kwezvishandiso Zvemagetsi uye Kunyatsofunga Nezvazvo

Kusiyanisa Zviri Pakati Penzvero Dzomuviri Nedzemadhigirii

Madare netsinhiro dzakaziva nenzira inowedzera kuti kunzvera magetsi kwakasiana murudzi rwokunzvera kwomuviri kwebhegi retsoropodzi. Shamba imwe inogona kuva namarekodhi emari, mashoko ezvokurapa, kurukurirano dzapachivande, nhau yenzvimbo, uye zvakawanda. Dare Rapamusorosoro mu Rakacherekedza kuti midziyo yakadaro “haisi imwe chete iri yezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu" asi iri“ chaizvoizvo chisaririra chemichina chemari chemashoko chemari. Pamuganhu, iyi yakasunda matare ehurumende kukumbira maruramiro kana kuti pakanga pane kunyumwiswa kune mufungo nokuda kwokusasesa kwezvisina foni, zvikurukuru apo kunzvera kunobatanidza nokunzvera nokubviswa kwedata.

Zvisarudzo Zvinokosha Zvedare

United States v. Cotterman (9th Ttunhu, 2013)

Mune chimwe chezvisarudzo zvokutanga zvokunzvera muganhu nemirau, Ninth Forces yaidavira kuti kunzvera kusingabvumirwi kwerapy pamuganhu kwakaputsa Fourth Amendment. dare rakasiyanisa pakati pe “bvunzo” yechinhu chacho (ingabvumirwa pasina kunyumwira) uye kunzvera kwechirongwa kuchishandisa purogiramu yezverejitari chaiyo kubvisa mafaira maviri akabviswa. dare rakatonga, rinoda kunyumwira kune mufungo nemhaka yokusakwanisa kuwana mashoko omunhu oga zvikuru. . Dare ringabvumira kunzvera pasina kunyumwiswa kubvunza kuti kushatiswa.

United States kana kuti Kolsuz (Nguva 4th, 2018)

Ganhuriro yeChina yakafambazve mu United States v. Kolsuz, ichirangarira kuti kunzverwa kusina pamutemo kweraptop kwakanga kusina mufungo muGaramende yeChina. Dare rakashandisa kurangarira kwe Riley kumuganhu, richigumisa kuti kunzvera muganhu hakubvumiri tsaona yorusarudzi yemichina yemichina yemichina. Chisarudzo chakasimbisa kuti fariro yehurumende mukudzika mitemo pamuganhu haisati ichikunda fariro dzomunhu oga dzinokosha mumataingiro. Ganhuro rechishanu raida pamutemo, mamiriro ezvinhu aisaidziko.

Riley neCalifornia (Dare Rine Mukurumbira, 2014)

Kunyange zvazvo yataurwa netsaona yokutsvaka kuti usungwe, pfungwa yayo yave iri inokosha mukutsvaka muganhu. Mutongi mukuru Roberts akanyora kuti mashoko ari paserura “haagoni kushandiswa sechombo] kana kuti kudzivisa kusungwa kwapamutemo, uye naizvozvo rondedzero dzechiitiko chisingabvumiki chokutsvaka kuti usungwe. Uku kufunga kwave kwataurwa nematare enharo kuti kupikisa kuti muganhu wegamuchidzanwa unosimudzirwa mudikanho yokuongorora chibharo chetsika (“sguesgues tra",xring tractivesrogue kumisss, izvo zvine mashoko anokwanisa kunzvera pafoni, izvo zvine mashoko anoshanda panzvimbo pezviito.

Kunzvera KweCBP Kwazvino Uno Nekuongorora Kwechinyakare

Inopa Nhevedzo Pazvinhu Zvemagetsi Zvinoshandiswa Kuongorora Mumuganhu

. Customs and Bordline Protection (CBP) yakabudisa kunzvera kunodzora kwemichina yemagetsi. Sezvokuvandudza kwayo kwemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, mapurisa eCBP angaitisa mufambiro we “bhaisikosi” (kutarira zviripo pasina purogiramu yekombiyuta) pasina kunyumwira. Nokuda kwe“plactd" shaod" inobatanidza kushandiswa kwemidziyo yokunze kuhwirudzura, kopidharo, kana kuti kunzvera madata(* vanofanira kuva ne“ kunyumwira kwakafanira” kwokuputsa mutemo. Kunzvera kunoda kuti kuitiswa nomutoo wakakodzera uye kuti chishandiro chisaririra chisariranwa chisati chiripo nokuda kwemazuva mashanu kutotambanurwa nomutariri. [FLD]

Mashoko Anotevedzera uye Kuyeuka

Sangano racho rinoti makopi anodzivirirwa pachivande uye anofanira kuparadzwa pashure pokunge vapedza kuongorora kwacho. Zvisinei, vanotsoropodza vanotaura kuti mashoko ari kuchengetwa kwemwedzi kana makore asina kururamiswa zvakajeka, uye kuti dzimwe shanduro dzakapiwa mamwe masangano akadai seICE neFBI. Kushaya utarisiri hwakasimba kwakaita kuti pave nemhosva dzinodenha kuoma kwemitemo yetsika idzi.

Ganhuriro Dzokufanoziva Nekodzero Dzokuramba

Vafambi vangaramba kuvhura chishandiso kana kuti kupa mashoko okuisa mashoko echisaririra, asi kuramba kwakadaro kunogona kuva nemigumisiro. CBP ingavharira chishandiso chacho, uye mufambi anganzi abvunzurudzwezve kana kuti kunonozeka. Kuramba hakupi chiteshi chengarava chakakotsekana; vamiriri vangawana rondedzero dzakaipa kubva pakuramba. Mamwe matare akawana kuti anomanikidza mufambi kuti avhure chishandiso chine utachiona (zvakadai seminwe) zvingabvumirwa pasi pomuganhu, nepo kubudisa mashoko ecodective kungadzivirira paFind Find Remetic Amend Restment pat Restruments.

Nharo Yapamutemo: Yakaoma Here Kana Kuti Kwete?

Kupopotedzana Kwokutsvaka Murwi

Vatsigiri vechinodikanwa chemitemo vanotaura kuti makombiyuta akaenzana nazvino uno nenzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinhu uye kuti masangano anonzvera muganhu haana kumboitirwa kubvumira rudzi rwenzvero yechakavanzika yazvino uno. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) uye mamwe mapoka eadhikiti akatsvikinyidzira nokuda kwokuda chibvumikiso chakavakirwa pazvikonzero zvinobvira, achisimbisa kuti kuvanzika kwakavanzika kwomunhu oga kunokunda fariro yehurumende mukunzvera kupfupi, kunyumwira. Vanonongedzera ku [[FLT:] KolUZIZ[FFF:3] uye [FLT] [FLT:] .[FFFFFFF:]

Mhepo Dzomuganhu Dzinongoregwa Chete

Hurumende inochengeta kuti nzvero dzomuganhu dzinokosha kumanikidza tsika, kutama, uye mitemo yechengeteko yenyika. Vakuru vakuru vanotaura kuti kuraira chinodikanwa kungadzivisa mano avo okucherekedza zvinonyadzisira zvavana, tyisidziro dzougandanga, uye kuputsa kutengeserana. Department of Justice rakadzivirira kunzvera kusingabvumirwi mumipumburu yematare mizhinji, ichiitira kuti kunzvera muganhu kunofanira kushandiswa kumidziyo yemagetsi sezvakunoita kumidziyo inogadzirwa nemagetsi. Hurumende inocherekedzawo kuti kukumbira gwaro kugona kuderedza kunzvera kwapamahombekombe akabatikana okupinda uye kuti midziyo yemichina inogona kukurumidza kubviswa kana kunyorwa pasina pamutemo isati yawanikwa.

Basa Remamiriro Ezvinhu Akaipa

Kunyange matare anoda kuti pave nekodzero anozivikanwa kuti anongova echokwadi kana paine tyisidziro yekare kana kuti ngozi yokuparadzwa kwoufakazi. Somuenzaniso, kana mumiririri ane chikonzero chokudavira kuti mudziyo une mashoko pamusoro pedenho yamagandanga yava pedyo, kutsvaka kusina maruramiro kungava kwakarurama. Zvisinei, kushambadza kunofanira kuva kwechokwadi uye kwete kufungidzirawo zvako. Matare ave achipanikira kutaura kwokuti muganhu umene unoparira ganhur unoramba uchisavapo. Muitiro uri kurayira kunyumwiro yoga kana kuti maruramiro okunzvera kusingabvumirwi.

Kubatsira Kunoita Vafambi

Mazano Okudzivirira Mashoko Ako

Vafambi vanoda kuderedza ngozi yokuwana mashoko avo pamuganhu:

  • [[[FT:0] Kudzokera shure kumashoko ose usati wafamba, uye rangarira kusiira mafaira anotapurika pamusha kana kuti mugore.
  • Shandisa kunyorwa kwakasimba kwemashoko okunyora [[FL:1] pamichina uye usavimba chete nemakiyi ezvinhu zvipenyu. Kunyange zvazvo kunyorwa kwemashoko emashoko emashoko kusingadzivisi kubatwa, kunogona kuita kuti zviome kuti zvinhu zviwanike mashoko kana magetsi akavharirwa.
  • Travel ine mashoko maduku. A “yakachena” midziyo ine maapps namafaira anokosha chete, inogona kuganhura ukuru hwezvingaongororwa nemidziyo.
  • Ziva kodzero dzako. Haufaniri kuvhura chishandiso chako, asi unofanira kuziva migumisiro ingavapo: mudziyo ungavharwa uye ungatarisana nokunonoka.
  • Rangarira kushandisa chishandiso chakaparadzana, chechinguvana nokuda kwokufamba kwamarudzi ose, zvikurukuru kana une bhizimisi rinotapurika, rapamutemo, kana kuti zvinyorwa zvenhau.

Kuziva Kodzero Dzako Mumuganhu

[[FLT :] Marato erudzi Guild na ACLU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kumanikidzwa Kwomutemo Nezvemazano

Zvinetso Zvinoshanda

Vamiririri vemiganhu vanotarisana nechiito chakaoma chokudzikamisa. Vanomanikidzirwa kusimbisa mazana emitemo pazviteshi zvokupinda, uye makombiyuta anogona kuva noufakazi hwetsika, kutengesa vanhu, uye tyisidziro dzorudzi. Zvisinei, mhoteredzo yapamutemo inokamurwa. Kunzvera kunobvumirwa pachiteshi chimwe chokupinda kungasava kwemitemo mune imwe nharaunda. Department yakakurudzira Dare Rapamusoro kupedza mativi akakamukana, asi sezvokunyora uku Dare rakaramba kunzwa mhaka inopa nhau yacho. Munguva ino, masangano anofanira kurovedza kuti anzwisise mipimo inopesana, iyo inogona kuvhiringidza mukushanda.

Kuwirirana Nemipimo Inochinja

Masangano anotarisira mutemo ari kugamuchira mitemo inoganhurira yakawanda kuti adzivise kudzorwa. Kolsuz inoshanda kunzvera mukati medunhu iroro (Mariand, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina), asi vamiriri vangasaita bvunzurudzo dzinobvumirwa kune imwe nzvimbo. [[FLT:]] Kushanda kweHomeland Security kwabudisa nhungamiro iyo chionionioni cheCBP, asi kuongorora kwomukati kwaratidza chinyorwa chinopesana neapo neapo nguva dzinopfuura. Kuwirirana nezvinodikanwa zvemitemo, masangano achada kuisa mari mugadziriro dzinosimbisa, idzo dzinonyorwa, dzinoparadzwa nokukurumidza, uye kutarisirwa.

Kubudirira Kweramangwana uye Kuedza Kutonga

Mitemo Yakanzi Itengwe

Mabhiri akawanda akatangwa muCongress Act[FLT: 3] kujekesa chinodikanwa pamuganhu. [[FLT: 0] Fourth Amendment Haisi Chishandiso cheSale Act uye [[FLT:] Bheordern of Electronic Act [[FLT:] Kutsvaka Mitemo yeProgramme] yeMitemo yeProgrammatiki [[FLT:]] kungada kuchengetwa kwemitemo kuti uwane chisakiso chinovangana nechinhu chisati chavapo pamuganhu, nenhau dzakati dzenyika. Sezvo 2025, izvi zvikwereti hazvina kurongwa, asi zvinoratidzira itiro yemabhiitiki pamusoro penguva yegore. Munogona kuronda mamiriro ezvinhu eU. [FL:]

Kugona Kutungamirirwa Nedare Gurusa

Dare Rapamusoro rakaramba rarambazve kupa kunzvera kwecertiorari mumhaka dzinodenha zvakananga muganhu wemipimo. Ikoku kunosiya matare akaderera achiparara. Zvisinei, sezvo chiverengero chamatunhu anoda maruramiro kana kuti nyumwiro ine mufungo chinowedzera, dzvinyiriro paDare yokupedza nhau ichawedzera. Mhaka yenguva yemberi ingagona kutanga mupimo wenyika: zvimwe kusimbisa kuti kunzvera muganhu kunoshanda kumichina yemichina yemichina sezvakunoita kumitoro, kana kuti kuchengeta maruramiro iwayo anodikanwa kubviswa. Nyanzvi dzemitemo dzinodeya kuri kutaura kuti Dare pakupedzisira richayera, richipa matare uye kutsenga kunopfuurira.

Mugumisiro: Kudzikamisa Kuchengeteka Nokuva Woga

Chinodikanwa chinodikanwa chokunzvera zvishandiso zvomunhu oga pamiganho yeU.S. chinoramba chiri chimwe chenzvimbo hurusa dzomutemo weFreenterment. Muitiro wazvino uno ibasa rakaganhurirwa: dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira kunzvera kusingafungidzirwi asi dzinoda kunyumwirwa kune mufungo nokuda kwenzvero dzemifungo; vamwe vanoda rugwaro rwezvishandiso zvemagetsi zvine revo. Vaparidzi, uye masangano emitemo okuchengeta mutemo zvose zvinova nefariro dzakafanana dzinobatanidza zvose zviri zviviri kuchengeteka kwenyika nefariro huru dzezvinhu zvamagetsi izvo zvinochengeta zvino. Kusvikira apo Congress kana kuti Dare Rapamusoro rinopa nhungamiro yapamutemo inopfuurira, nzvimbo yapamutemo ichapfuurira kushandurwa, kugadzirwa, kugadzirwa, uye kuchinja kwegadziriro yemichina.