Sachh Bharat Mission (Reconfish India Mission), yakatanga pana 2 October 2014 naMutungamiriri weHurumende Narendra Modi, inomira serimwe resimba gurusa retsvina munhau yavanhu. Inopfuura gadzirirowo zvayo yehurumende, inomirira chinjo huru mukuchinja kwakaita vagari vemo veIndia mukuchenesa nzanga, mutoro womunhu oga, uye kuva nenzanga. Mumakore gumi kubvira pamavambo avo, basa racho rakavakirazve upenyu hwehurumende mumaguta nomumaruwa India – kubva pakuvakwa kwezvimbudzi zvemhuri zvine mamirioni 100 zvichidzika kuderera mukuita kuti utsotsi hushandurwe. Nyaya ino inonzvera vavariro, denho, uye revo dzinogara dziripo dzoupenyu hweSwachharbat Mission muIndia, kunyora nhau, kuongorora, uye kuenzanisa nyika yose.

Mavambo Nevavariro Dzinofadza Dzakaitwa neSwachh Bharat Mission

Sachh Bharat Mission yakatanga munjodzi yenyika. Maererano neChiverengero cha2011, inenge hafu yevagari veIndia – vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 600 – vakanga vasina mukana wokuwana nzvimbo dzinokosha dzetsvina. Kurasika kwemabhomba kwakanga kwakapararira, kuchikonzera kuwanda kwehosha yemanyoka, kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, uye kufa kwevana. Basa rakarongwa kuti rizosvitsa tsvina yese pose pakasvika 2 October 2019 – kusvitsa gore rechi1050 rokuzvarwa kweMahatma Gandhi – musi wakaita serapati yakaita seripo chinetso.

Ita Zvinodiwa

  • [[FFL:0] Ratidzira kuvhura muromo kupfurikidza nokuvimbisa imba iri yose kuva nechimbudzi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Inodzidzisa mamirioni ezvimbudzi zveimba imwe neimwe (IHHL)[[FL:1] nezvivako zvenzanga zvoutsanana muzvose zviri zviviri nharaunda dzomumaruwa nemumaguta.
  • Rovedza kuiswa kwetsvina yakasimba nemvura [ pamwero wenzanga, kubatanidza kutsauranisa, kuunganidza, kudzokororwazve, uye kuraswa kwakakotsekana.
  • [ Chinjo yomufambiro inodziya[ kupfurikidza nenhimbe dzokuzivisa, gadziriro dzezvikoro, uye mitoo yenzanga yokuchenesa (CLTS).
  • nzvimbo yokuvaka [ pahurumende, ruwa, uye mitaro yokuchengeta gadziriro dzorucheno.

Basa racho rakaumbwa muhova mbiri: Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) nokuda kwenharaunda dzomumaruwa, kuchitungamirirwa noUnistry of Towater and Santication, uye Swach Bharat Mission [Urban], inoshandiswa noHushumiri hweHouse neUrban Affairs. Rukova rumwe norumwe rwakanga rune zvirongwa zvakasiyana, zvinotsigira, uye zvirongwa, asi zvose zviri zviviri zvakagoverana chiono chinonyanyovaramwa cheIndia yakachena.

Kutapura Kuchenesa uye Mufambiro Wechinonyorwa

Kufukidza Kunoita Chinovharwa uye Kuderedza Kuderera

Chinonyanya kuoneka kugadzirwa kweSwachh Bharat Mission kukura kunoshamisa kwokufukidza chimbudzi. Pakazosvika 2024, hurumende yakashuma kuvakwa kwezvimbudzi zvemba zvinopfuura mamiriyoni 110 mumaguta moga, nenzvimbo dzomumaguta dzichiwedzera mamwe mamiriyoni akawanda. Maererano neNational Moralralsaritable Sanitation Survey (NARS) 202223, 96.5% dzemhuri dzomumaruwa dzakava nokuwana chimbudzi, uye 94% dzakanga dzichishandisa nguva dzose. Uku kuvandudza kunoshamisa kubva pa 40% yehuvako muna 2014. Independent, kubatanidza iya yakadzo dzakasimbiswa kuderera kukuru mudeccance decial – 55% yavagari vomumaruwa muna 2014 kusvika pasi pa15222.20.

Utano Hunopera uye Kupera Kwezvirwere

Utsanana hwakavandudzwa hwakashandura zvakananga kuva utano hwavanhu. Nzvero yakabudiswa mu Lancet ne Journal yeGlobal Health[ inofungidzira kuti kuuraya kwechiShona kwadzivisa inenge 300 000 kufa kwevana vari pakati pa2014 na2020, pamwe chete nokuderera kukuru kwezvimwe zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemvura. Nzvero yeWHO neIndia yeNzvero yeKunzvera mishonga yakawana kuti rupedzi rwose rwakashandiswa pakuchenesa nokushandisa basa rokuchengetedza tsvinda yakaparira kudzoka kwe $2060.7, uwandu hwezviwanikwa, uwandu, uye kuderera kwekupera kweutano. Vashandi vemo vomunyika inopamapokacharesa, uye kurwara zvikuru, zvikurukuru munyika dzine urombo zvikuru.

Kuziva Mubatanidzwa uye Mutoro Wokuunganidza

Kupfuura zvivako zvemasangano, basa racho raita kuti pave nenzvimbo itsva inochengeterwa vanhu vemo. “Swachh Bharat” logo – chiso chaMahatma Gandhi – chazova chiratidzo chavose chorucheno. Vagari vemo vava kuronga nguva dzose rucheno, kutora nzvimbo dzavose, uye kushuma kushata kupfurikidza neapps. Zvikoro zvakabatanidza dzidzo yeutsanana kuva dzidzo yavo yepashure, vachichinja vana kuva vachinjiri vekuchinja mukati memhuri dzavo. Swachh Survekshan, kuongorora kwegore negore kwemitumbi yomumaguta, kwakabatanidza kubatanidzwa kwenzanga, uye maguta anokwikwikwidzana nokuda kwemapavhuro uye vagari vemo vanotusa tsvina. Iyi purogiramu yokushamba iyi ibasa rinogara nguva refu.

Kutarisira Zvinhu Zvakashata Nokuchinja Mumaguta

Mashandiro Akanyatsosimba Okutarisira Zvinhu Zvinoraswa

Sachh Bharat Mission (Urban) yakaraira kuti masangano ose emanisiparati ashandise 100% yetsvina yapasuo kusvikira kumba, tsvina inoiswa mumvura nemhino, uye kutanga nzvimbo dzokugadzira. Pakazosvika 2023, 90% yemasangano omumaguta omuIndia ange awana muunganidzwa wesuo resuo kusvika kumba, zvichienzaniswa ne30% muna 2014. Nzvimbo dzokuvandudza (MRF) uye nzvimbo dzemitengo yemichero yakatanga mumaguta akafanana neIndore, Surat, uye Mysuru, idzo zvino dzinova nzvimbo pakati pezvicheneso muAsia. Indo, somuenzaniso, dzakawana tsvina inongotengwa netsvina yakashaniswa netsvina yemato, yaiwana musoro wemato yematomutenzi yeIndia yakachena zvikurusa kwemakore matanhatu.

Matambudziko Pakushandiswa Kwemarara

Kunyanguvezvo, kutarisirwa kwetsvina kunoramba kuri basa risina kupedzwa. Central Poltion Control Board (CPCB) inofungidzira kuti India inobudisa matani 62 mamirioni etsvina yakasimba gore negore, ayo anenge 75% bedzi anounganidzwa uye asingasviki 30% inorapwa nesayenzi. Zvimwe zvinoguma nokupfuvura, kazhinji kazhinji zvisina kudzorwa uye kusadzorwa zvakanaka. Nhambo inotevera, Swachh Mission 2.0 (yakasarurwa muna 2021), yakabvisa ngwariro yokuwana “kuchengetwa kwesayenzi kwemarara enhaka, kusimudzira kugadzirwa kwetsvina yepurasitiki, uye kuvamba mapurasitiki anoshandwa netsvina. Maguta akafanana naBengallul ari kugadzira tsvina yakagadzirwa zvakanaka netsvina yakagadzirwa nemigumisiro inovimbisa.

Kuchena Mumaruwa Nebasa Renzanga

Kucheneswa Kwenzanga

Bapiro romumaruwa remishoni rakagamuchira Community-Lects Mothersal Sactition [CLT:1] kusvika, rakapindwa naD Kamal Kar. Panzvimbo pokungovaka zvimbudzi, CLTS inoshandisa bedzi mugariro wenzanga wemhoshoro ne “kunyandura rovedzo dzenzanga - yakadai semapureta defeccation progreement nenficult refal proms – kuseaset nezvinonyadzisa nzanga dzinochinja mufambiro. Mishato inosvika mamiriro ezvinhu okuvhuramura defecace-frest (ODF) inogamuchira kunyorwa kubva kuhurumende, uye mizhinji inowana rudando rwenzanga. Sa 2024, 6066 000, nyika dzakawanda dzakafanana neSkik, Sakeshik, uye Kushandiswa kwePrame-D.

Kuchengeteka Kwezvinhu Zvinochengetedza

Chinetso chinoramba chiri mumaruwa kuchengetwa kwezvimbudzi uye mvura. Zvimbudzi zvakawanda zvokutanga zvakavakwa pasi pebasa zvinotarisana nenhau dzakadai sezvikamu zvisina kukwana, kushayikwa kwemvura, kana kuti kuparara kwezvivako. Hurumende yakaita nokubatanidza utsanana neJal Jeevan Mission (mugove wemvura) uye kutanga “kuwedzera kukura kwemvura) - kufukidza imba dzose mumusha pane kuva mapoka akapararira. matare enzanga nenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa tsvina (VWSC) akapiwa simba rokutarisira mipaipi yenzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo, migodhi, uye kugadziridza zvimbudzi. Ufakazi hunobva mumitauro yakadai seMaharashtra neTamil Nad hunoratidza kuti misha iri mumusha yose inopfumba pane nzvimbo yakapararira. matare eUnda yenzvimbo yeODFFF inotsigira nzvimbo huru kupfuura iya isina.

Kwachh Bharat Mission and Gender Equitey

Mishoni yeSayenzi yakashandura chiremera chavakadzi nekotsekano. Pasati pa 2014, mamiriyoni evakadzi vomumaruwa muIndia aifanira kuzvisunungura muminda kana kuti kunzira mambakwedza kana kuti pashure porubvunzavara, vachitya kutambudzwa, vanyoka, kana kuti masimba masimba evatano. Gadziriro dzezvimbudzi zvemba dzakasunungura nguva, yakaderedza ngozi, uye yakabvumira vakadzi kupinda chikoro kana kuti basa. A 2021 kufunda naBill & Melinda Gates Foundation yakawana kuti vakadzi vomumisha yeODF vakashuma kuderera kwe 30% kwefunganyo kune chokuita nokuchenesa uye 40% yakashumwa zvakanaka. Basa racho rakaparirawo mabanza avakadzi okupinda chikoro, vavaki, vagadziri vezvimbudzi, uye vashandi vanorasa marara, mabasa anodenha vatano.

Michina Yezvemari Nezvirongwa Zvehurumende

Sachh Bharat Mission yave iri imwe yemipiro yavose yakasanosanofarikanywa munhau yeIndia, nehwerengedzo yendyiko dzinopfuura 761.5 lakh crore (panongei USD 20 bhiriyoni) pakati pa 2014 na 2023. Nhomba dzinobatanidza manyuko dzemitero yemari, mutoro wesangano wenzanga (CSR) mipiro yebhizimisi, uye mari yokunze yechikwereti kubva kuWorld Bank neAsiyan Development Bank. Hurumende yakasumawo Swach Bharat Ceses (a 0.5% levy pamutero webasa) kubudisa zvishandiso zvinodzorwa. Kuvimbisa kuva nomutengo wemari yapamutemo yavose. Basa rinotsamira pakugadzirwa kwezvimbudzi zvinodzorwa kupfurikidza ne [FLDK:]

Kuzivikanwa Kwenyika Yose Nezvidzidzo Zvenyika Yose

Sawachh Bharat Mission yakarumbidza nyika yose. World Health Organization (WHO) yakakurumbidza se “chiitwa chinoshamisa muutano hwavanhu.” United Nations yakabatanidza nhau dzebudiriro dzinoverengeka kubva kumishoni sefundo dzeSitable Development Zoms (SG 6 pamvura yakachena netsvina). Nyika dzakadai seBangladesh, Ethiopia, uye Indonesia dzakatumira nhume kuti dzidzidzise kusvikano yeIndia, zvikurukuru mubatanidzwa wekurukurirano yenzanga, kunyandura, uye kuzvidavirira kwakakwirira. Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzinonyevera kuti muenzaniso webasa racho – kubatira zvikuru pamariro yehurumende nenzvimbo dzapakati dzehurumende – dzingasagona kugadzirwa mumarudzi ane mugariro wakaderera kana kuti magariro etsika akasiana.

Mazano Nebhizimisi Risina Kuchinjwa

Pasinei zvapo nezviitwa zvayo, Swachh Bharat Mission haina vatsoropodzi.

  • Chinjo yepachimbudzi haina kufanira[: Nepo kushandiswa kwechimbudzi kwakawedzera, fundo refu nePurce Research Institute for Heference Economics (RICE) inokarakadza kuti kusunungura kunoenderera mberi munzanga dzakawanda, zvikurukuru pakati pamapoka akaganhurirwa uye munharaunda dzemvura. Tsika dzenzanga dzinononoka kutama, uye dzimwe mhuri dzichiri kuda nzvimbo dzakazaruka nemhaka yenhamo kana kuti tsika.
  • Unhu hwechipfuva nokuchengeteka[[FLT: 1]: Mishumo yakaoneka yezvimbudzi zvakashandiswa sedzimba dzokuchengetera kana kuti misasa yezvipfuwo, kana kuti kudonha mukati mamakore mashomanene nemhaka yokuvaka kusina kutsarukana. Kumhanyira kusangana nezvipfuro zveODF pane dzimwe nguva kwakatungamirira kuchivako nokukurumidza pasina kuva nechokwadi chokugara kwenguva refu.
  • Kurapa kwapamutengi wemvura kuri pasi pe[[FLT: 1]: Kunangidzira ngwariro pakuvakwa kwezvimbudzi pakutanga kwakaregeredza “maira okupedzisira” okutarisira tsvina. Chikamu bedzi chetsodzo yetsono inorapwa zvakakotsekana, uye maguta mazhinji asina mibatanidzwa yetsvina, zvinoparira kushatisa mitumbi yemvura Mission 2.0 inoronga kutaura nezvayo kupfurikidza nefaecal slm nazvinotarisirwa (FSM).
  • paradzano dzinopfuurira[[[FLT: 1]: Chikamu chomuguta chakaparapatika kuvambirana nokutama kunokurumidza. Mapoka namaroroko kazhinji kazhinji haawaniki kuzvimbudzi zvenzanga kana kuti mabasa okuunganidza tsvina, uye nzvimbo dzaparuwa dzeSwachh Survekshan dzakatsoropodzwa nokuda kwokufarira maguta akapfuma anogona kuwana nzvimbo iri nani.

Mugwagwa Uri Mberi: Mushandirapamwe Wechisharo Wavanyari 2,0 uye Kupfuura

Yakatangwa muna 2021, Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0 inotambanudza gadziriro kusvikira ku 2025-26 nebhajeti ye 761.41 lakh crore. Chikamu chitsva chapamberi pezvisingateshi:

  • 100% kugadzirwa kwetsvina yetsvina yakasimba, tsvina yepurasitiki, uye ungwandangwanda hwokuvaka.
  • [ Kutsiva kuraswa kwenhaka yose yezvirashi kupfurikidza nokugadzira nokunatsiridza.
  • Kushandiswa kwetsvina isina ngozi munharaunda dzomumaguta, kubatanidza batano dzetsvina nokurapa kwakafanira.
  • Nhimbe dzokuchinja [[[FLT: 1] dzinonangidzira muzvikoro, makoreji, uye masangano epwere ane michina yemichina nezvinobudisa mashoko.
  • Guta risina mutengo rakaenzana napanzvimbo dzakakwirira (kuyera kwenyeredzi) uye ODF++/Water+ ziviso dzokukurudzira kuvandudzika kunopfuurira.

Rubudiriro rwokupedzisira ruchatsamira pakutama kubva mu “kuvaka nokuzivisa” pfungwa ku “mutungamiriri nokuchengeta tsika” inotsigirwa. Ikoku kunoda kusimbisa udzori hwomunzvimbomo, kuva navagari vemo vakawedzerwa, uye kubatana nezvimwe zvirongwa zvokuvandudza zvakadai sedzimba, mugove wemvura, uye inishuwarenzi youtano. Crucily, Swachh Bharat Mission inofanira kuva kwete purogiramu yehurumende asi sangano renzanga rakasimbiswa zvechigarire muupenyu hwehurumende yeIndia.

Mupeto: Chinochinja Chizivikanwo

Sachh Bharat Mission yakachinja zvikurukuru ukama pakati pomugari weIndia nemhoteredzo yavo. Yakatanga sechirongwa chapamusoro chegadziriro yezvirongwa chakachinja kuva kumuka kukuru kwavagari vemo. Migwagwa yakachena, zvimbudzi zvinoshanda, uye matsvina anosiiwa haachisirizve yechienzi – yakakarirwa. Zvikoro zvinochengeta Swachhana (utsvene), vhiki dzenzanga dzinoitisa nhevedzano yerucheko, uye mitumbi yomumaguta inokwikwikwidza pachena nokuda kweSwachh Surveks. Mishoni yacho yakabatanidzawo mabhiriyoni $5 000 000 000 ezvoutsandasimu, kuvamba kwamabasa okuchenesa, kugadzira marara, kugadzira marara, uye kugadzira zvimbudzi.

Mugwagwa wacho murefu, uye denho zhinji dzinosara – zvikurukuru muchinjo inotsigira pakati pechiverengero chavagari vemo cha 5=10% uye mukutarisira zvakakotsekana mavhoriyamu etsvina akagadzirwa nepfuma iri kukura. Bva Swachh Bharat Mission inomira somuenzaniso wechiratidzo chokuti chiito chehurumende chine gwinyiroi, chakabatanidzwa nokutora rutivi rwenzanga, chinogona kuparira chinjo inochinja. Nokuda kweupenyu hwevagari vemo veIndia, hwakaita muitiro mutsva: kuti rucheno harusi mutoro wavatsva navashanyi navashandi vomumaindasiparati bedzi, asi wevagari vemo vose.

Sezvakataurwa naMahatma Gandhi akakurumbira, “Kuchengeta kunokosha zvikuru kupfuura kuzvimirira. ”

Mamwe Matura