Sumo: Chiratidzo Munzanga

Yakanyorwa muna September 2013, National Food Security Act (NFSA) inomirira chimwe chezvirongwa zvemagariro evanhu zvinodavirwa zvikuru munhau yeIndia. Nokuvimbisa zviri pamutemo kuti zvokudya zvinopa zvokudya zvinoda kusvika kumamiriyoni 800, chiito chacho chakachinja kodzero yokubva kuzvokudya kubva kutsika inoda kuva kodzero inobvumirwa. Mutemo uyu unovaka pamakumi emakore eruzivo rwekuparadzira kwavose (PDS) uye unoita kuti pave nezvinetso zvinoramba zvichinetsa zvenzara uye kushaya zvokudya zvakakanganisa kukura kweIndia. NFWA haisi purogiramu yezvokudya chete; igadziriro inodzika mipimo inoitirwa kuchengetedza zvinovaka muviri nokuda kwezvikamu zvinochengetedzwa zvenzanga, kubatanidza vakadzi, vana, vakwegura.

Njeredziso yechiito ichi inotambanukira kupfuura rusununguko rwenzara yapakarepo. Inoratidzira chinjo mukupinda kunoita nyika yeIndia dziviriro yenzanga nejeri kubvisa garikano yechisarudzo kuraira pamutemo maruramiro. Kupfurikidza nokupa maruramiro, NFSA inopa simba kuvagari vemo kuraira kuzvidavirira uye kuparira miitiro yokurongeka nokuda kwechiito. Nyaya ino inonzvera mugariro wekare wechiito chacho, gadziriro huru, mirairo, denho, uye kurongedzerwa kwomunguva yemberi, ichipa kurangarirwa kwakakwana kwebasa racho mumuitiro wenzanga yazvinoumba muIndia.

Nhoroondo uye Mari

Nzvimbo Yakachengetedzwa Kwezvokudya Yapamberi PeNFSA

Gore ra2013 risati rasvika, gadziriro yezvokudya yeIndia yakatsamira zvikurukuru paTribated Public Accompuction System (TPDS) yakaitwa muna 1997, iyo yakatsiva PDS yose. Nepo TPDS yakanangidzirwa kunangidzira ngwariro pamari inotsamira papasi peji nemhenga yemari (BPL), yakatambura nezvikanganiso zvakakomba, kuvhura, uye kubviswa kwemhuri dzakawanda dzinodikanwa. Kufungidzira kwavakuru vakuru kwakaratidza kuti inenge 40% yezvikamu zviduku zvezviyo zvakakundikana kusvika zvinodairwa, uye mwero yokushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri yakaramba yakakwirira zvikuru. NH3, 2005-0] NFLD [56] yakashumwa kuti vana pasi pezvikamu zvishanu uye kushamarutsiro zvakaiswa pakati penyika dzeIndia.[FLT]

Kukwira kwemitengo yezvokudya mukupera kwama 2000 kwakawedzerazve kusachengeteka kwezvokudya. Dambudziko rezvokudya munyika yose ra2007-08 rakaparira mamiriyoni evanhu kuva nenzara, uye mitemo yomumba yakaedza kugadzirisa. Muna 2009, Akarurama kunhimbe yeZvokudya [, mubatanidzwa wemasangano enzanga, wakaisa fariro yavose yakatungamirira Dare Repamusorosoro kuti ribudise mirayiro yairayira hurumende kudzivisa rufu rwechishana. Chiito ichi chokutonga chakaisa mavambo echiito chekudzikamisa chikata cheNational Food Security Bill muna 2011.

Mutemo Genesi NeConsensus Zvezvamatongerwe Enyika

NFSA yakanyoreswa neUnited Errow Alliance (UPA) hurumende pasi poMutungamiriri weMinister Manmohan Singh, ichinyora zvikuru rumbidzo dze National Advisory Council [, yakadzorwa naSonia Gandhi. Chibvumirano chakatarisana nekurukurirano huru yeparamende, neitiro pamusoro pendyiko dzemari, kupedza nzvimbo, uye zvimwe zvinopesana nokuda kwokugadzirwa kwechirimi. Commoration of India (FCI)[FLT] uye hurumende yakataura kupesana pamusoro pezvipo nezvipo nezvinoparadzirwa. Kunyanguvezvo, chiito chacho chakapfumbira necho mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri, dzinoratidzira kuchengeteka kwetsika dzetsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika.

Gadziriro Dzomuitiro Wekuchengetedzwa Kwezvokudya weNational

Kufukidza uye Zvikamu

NFSA inogovera maruramiro apamutemo okugamuchira zvokudya zvidukusa kupfurikidza nePDS. Kufukidzwa kwazvo: 75% yavagari vomumaruwa uye 50% yavagari vemo vemataundi, ichiita hwerengedzo inenge 67% yavagari venyika. Mabheneficiety anoitwa mapoka maviri:

  • Dzimba Dzinokosha [[PH: [FLT: 1]: Dzinoisa musoro pamakirogiramu mashanu ezvokudya pamunhu pamwedzi pamitengo yakaderera zvikuru) (3 31 pakirogiramu yomupunga, 762 pakirogiramu regorosi, uye 761 pakirogiramu rezviyo zvakatsetseka.
  • [[NHAU: 0] Dzimba Anna Yoya (AAY)[: Varombo varombo zvikuru, vanogamuchira makirogiramu 35 ezvokudya pamusha pamwedzi pamitengo mimwe cheteyo.

Mitengo iyi yakaramba isingachinji kubvira pakuitwa kwechiito chacho, pasinei zvapo nokukwira kwemitengo kunowedzera, zvichiita kuti kuderera kwacho kuve kunokosha zvikuru.

Kutsigira Zvokudya Kwavakadzi Navana

Ichiziva kuti kuchengeteka kwezvokudya kwoga hakuna kukwana, NFSA inobatanidza gadziriro dzakananga dzezvokudya zvomuviri zvaamai navana:

  • uye kuisa vakadzi pamuviri [[FLT: 1]: Yairangarirwa kuva betsero yokubereka inopfuura 76 000, inobhadharwa muzvikamu, kutsigira zvinodikanwa zvezvokudya mukati memimba uye mwedzi mitanhatu pashure pokusununguka.
  • Vana vane makore 6 kusvikira ku 14 : Vaiiswa pachingwa chapachena, chinovaka muviri kupfurikidza ne Mid-Zuva Kudya (zvokudya zvechikoro) ne [[FLT] [FLT] CDS ,[FLT] .[FLT]
  • Zvimwe zvinovaka muviri zvinoratidza kuti zvokudya zvinofanira kupa vana vane makore 6 - 14 anenge macalorie neanenge magiramu 12 eprotein.

Idzi gadziriro dzinovavarira kuparadza nhambo yezvinoitika pakati pechizvarwa chokushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri kupfurikidza nokuva nechokwadi chokuti vanamai navana vaduku vanogamuchira zvokudya zvakakwana mukati mamafafitera akaoma okukura.

Michina Yesangano Yokuzvidavirira

Kuti iite kuti kodzero yepamutemo ishandiswe, NFSA inotanga zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinodzivirira:

  • State Food Commissions: Hurumende iri yose inofanira kugadza Hurumende yeFood Commission kuti itarire kuitwa kwechiitwa, kunzvera zvichemo, uye kupa zano hurumende.
  • [[FLT: 0] Varwi veRedrosars vamaruwa [[DGROS]: Panzvimbo yoruwa, vakuru vakuru vanogadzwa kuti vape nyunyuto pamusoro pokuramba kwakafanira, uori, kana kuti ruvara rwakashata.
  • Mitemo yezvirongwa [: Kutarisirwa kwenzanga kupfurikidza nenzvero dzenzanga kunokurudzirwa kuwedzera kujeka nokuzvidavirira kwomunzvimbomo.

Izvi zvinoratidza kuchinja kukuru muzvirongwa zvokutanga zvakanga zvisina kugadziriswa, zvichipa vanhu simba rokuwana kodzero dzavo.

Kutapura Muitiro weIndia Nokutonga

Mutoro Wapamutemo Somuchinji Wemitambo

Chinotapura chikurusa cheNFSA kushandurwa kwechengeteko yezvokudya kubva kudonzo remitemo kuva maruramiro apamutemo. Vagari vanogona zvino kusvika matare kana vakanyimwa kodzero dzavo. Ikoku kwakamanikidzira hurumende kuronga chinjo dzePDS, kuwedzera migove yemari, uye kuvandudza majeni okugovera. Chiito chinogoverawo gadziriro ye National Food Security Act (NFSA) ONCE uye kodzero yezvokudya zvePostr , apo vagari vemo vanogona kutevera madhiroko.

Gadziriro yapamutemo yakanyandura mamiriro ezvinhu kuvhura. Somuenzaniso, Chahhattisgarh yakagadzira chinjo yePDS inobudirira zvikuru iyo yakaderedza kudonhedza kupfurikidza nezvinyorwa zvinobatanidza uye kuvamba kwemifungo yemitemo. Tamil Nadu[ na[FLT] PRADEsh yakachengeta PDS kufukisha kwepasi pose, uko kunowirirana nomudzimu weNA.

Kuzvipira Nekuwedzera Kwemari

NFSA inoita kuti hurumende ipedze mari yakawanda. Mari yezvokudya yakura kubva munenge muna 761,20 000 mu2013 kusvika kuanopfuura 76,40 000 mumakore achangobva kupfuura, inoita kuti inenge 1% yeGDP. Izvi zvinosanganisira mutengo wokuunganidza zvokudya kubva kuvarimi pamitengo inotengwa nemari inotengwa ne(MSP), matura, uye kuparadzirwa. Nepo vatsoropodzi vanoramba kuti mapoka akaderera avanhu anobvisa kumwe kudyira, vatsigiridzi vezvokudya vanoramba vachiti kuchengeteka kunokosha nokuda kwokubudirira kwemari huru nourombo.

Chiito chacho chinovandudzawo mipiro yavo vamene inowirirana, kuchitungamirira kukushandisa kwose kwakakwirira pakuchengeteka kwezvokudya mumitengo yose yehurumende. World Bank mushumo (2017) yakaziva kuti gadziriro yezvokudya zvakaderera zveIndia, apo ikabatanidzwa neICDS nezvokudya zvapakati, zvinosvika vanhu vakawanda kupfuura rimwe mbure renzanga ripi neripi munyika iri kusimukira.

Kufambira Mberi Nevavariro Dzinoenderera Mberi (SDGs)

NFSA inogovera zvakananga kudzimwe ZVINHU ZVINODZIVIKANISA ZVINHU ZVINOPHAKANDA[FUNGISA], zvikurukuru SDG 2 (Zoro Nhamo), SDG 1 (Hana urombo), uye SDG 3 (Utano hwakanaka neHuno). Kuzvipira kweIndia kurukudzo rwepamutemo kunokuita kuti ave mutungamiriri wenyika yose muchengeteko yezvokudya yakarongwa, kunyange nokubudirira. Chiito chacho chinowiriranawo neUnistrity (Poshan Abiyan) inosimutsiridza muna 2018, iyo inovavarira kuderedza kumhanya, pasi pekugadzirwa kwezvokudya, uye kuoma kweropa.

Zvinetso Nokutsoropodza

Kuchovha Nokuchinja

Pasinei zvapo nedziviriro dzapamutemo, NFSA inopfuurira kutambura nokudzudza kukuru. mushumo wa2015 unoitwa ne Comptroller and Pistoriner General (CAG) wakawana kuti inenge 24% yezviyo zvakaiswa mumugwagwa haina kusvika vatsigiri vanoitirwa donzo nemhaka yemakadhi echipopo, ushati, uye bhiza mukati mezvifambiso. Nepo kusimbisa nokushanda kwechikamu neAadhaar zvakaderedza kurasikirwa, chinetso chinopfuurira, zvikurukuru muhurumende dzakaneta.

  • Chard revification: Vachengeti vekadhi vakapetwa kana kuti vasingapindwi vanoramba vari chinetso pasinei zvapo nenhamburiko dzemashoko dzinobvisa mashoko.
  • [ Kushambadzira kwerima : Vamwe vatengesi vanotsausa zviyo zvakacherwa kuti zvive mumusika unozarukira mhindu.

Zvikanganiso Zvokungofunga

Mutoo weNFSA wokunangidzira unovimba neSocio-Economic ne Caste Census (SEC) 2011 Shona, iyo zvino yava namakore gumi. Mhuri zhinji dzakafanirwa dzakadzingwa nemhaka yokuti dzakarongwa zvisina kururama sedzisiri poro. NITOG yakarumbidza kugadziridza nguva nenguva, asi masangano mashomanene akaita rovedzo yokugadziridza. Iyi mhoshoro inoderedza chinangwa chaicho chechiito.

Kuchengeta uye Kushandisa Mashoko

Food Corporation of India (FCI) inowanzotarisana nezvirambidzo zvokuchengeta, zvichitungamirira kukuora kwezviyo pazasi. Muna 2020, Dare rapamusoro rePunjab neHaryana rakatora suo motu rezviyo zvikuru zvakaiswa pachena muPunjab, kuchiparira kurasikirwa kukuru. FOSA inoraira kuchengeteka kwakakwana asi inoita mitaro inowirirana nemari yemari yemari uye miganhu.

Zvokudya Zvinodya Zvakanaka

Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti NFSA inonyanyonangidzira ngwariro pakudya macalorie (zviyo) panzvimbo pemicrotnutrient. Zviyo zvinoparadzirwa kazhinji kazhinji hazvina kunaka(kunakirwa, kunyorova, kana kuti kuderera kweprotein. chiito hachikuisi dziviriro yezviyo nesimbi, zinc, kana kuti folic acid, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyika dzavamba gadziriro dzendege. Fortation Resource Centrence [[ pasi pomupulserowe yeFSS , asi kugamuchirwa kwechipfuva kwakasimbiswa mupunga muPDS, asi kunoramba kuri kunonoka.

Kuchengetedza Mari

Chikwereti chinokura chezvokudya chinoisa dzvinyiriro pamari yehurumende. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzezvemari dzinotaura kuti boka duku rinopa mibato yendyiko pautano nedzidzo. Economic Survey 2021-22] yakasimbisa kuti India inopedza mari yakawanda pamari yezvokudya kupfuura pautano, inomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pekuchengetwa kwenguva refu. Zvisinei, vanotsigira vanocherekedza kuti kuchengeteka kwezvokudya musengwa wapamutemo usingagoni kusiyiwa. Nzira yokuenda mberi ingabatanidza kuisa nyajambwa uri nani, kuderedza zvikanganiso zvinoiswa mumuviri, uye kushandisa ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kuti zvitengwe mari.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi Nekuchinja

Kudimburwa Nokupinda Muropa

Hurumende yakaita fambiro mberi huru mukubatanidza makadhi okugoverwa kuAadhaar uye kushandisa Point of Sale (Pos) zvitoro zvemitengo zvakanaka kutendisa vabetseri kupfurikidza nezvishandiso. Iyi gadziriro, inonzi Inoshanda kupfurikidza neEmodemical Ellustration Management System (AGMS)[FLM], yakaderedza kuburitsa mudzimwe nyika. Zvinjo dzenguva yemberi zvingagona kukudza ePoS kunyika dzose nokuronga kwenguva chaiyo kwezvikamu kuti zvidzivise kuvhiringa.

Rudzi Rumwe Kadhi Rokuridza Mhosva (ONORC)

Chirongwa cheONORC chakatangwa muna 2020, chinobvumira vanobatsirwa kuwana zvokudya zvavo zvine musoro wemari kubva muchitoro chipi nechipi chakaisvonaka munyika ipi neipi, vachishandisa kadhi ravo rokugoverwa. Izvi zvinonyanya kubatsira vashandi vanotama vakanga vasingakwanisi kupinda PDS munyika yavo. Panenge pa2024, ONORC yave ichishandiswa munyika 36, inofukidza 80 Crorecumsements. Kubudirira kwakazara kwenyika kuchada kuti pave nesangano rese rese resocial programation.

Kuchinja Kwakaitwa Zvokudya

Kuda kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzine ruvara, hurumende iri kuramba ichinangidzira ngwariro paruvara rwakasimbiswa. Foroatiation Programme yechinangwa chokuparadzira mupunga wakasimbiswa muPDS uye mamwe magadziriro. Mupasi pe Poshan 2.0[[FLT] basa rese], hurumende inorongawo kubatanidza zvokudya nokupa mazano ezvokudya uye mabasa outano. Kuwedzera kubetsera kwemwaya yakakodzerwa ku6 000 (kusvikira zvino bedzi yadzikamiswa munyika dzakawanda) uye kuvimbisa kufukidzwa kwayo kwose ndeimwe nzvimbo yokutanga.

Kushandiswa Kwechepfu Kwemazuva Ano

Kuderedza kurasikirwa, hurumende iri kuisa mari mu chitakuriso chezvichengeteso uye miitiro yokutarisira imba yokuchengetera zvinhu. FCI yakawana vatambi vakavanzika vokuvaka mikoto yazvino uno. Kuvandudzwa kwerogis, kubatanidza ray iri nani neraundi yenzira, zvinogona kuderedza kurasikirwa. Kushandiswa kwe [[FLT:] blockchain[ kwezviyo zviri mugwanga.

Magirazi ehwachi: Mabhuroku.

Nharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro pokuti kupfuudzira mari kungagona kutsiva maPDS orudzi. Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti mari inopa vabetseri chisarudzo ndokuderedza ndyiko dzinodzorwa. Direct Besefit Transction (DBT) vatyairi vendege nokuda kwezvokudya mune dzimwe ndima dzemibatanidzwa vakaratidza miuyo yakavhenganiswa. Zvisinei, vanopikisa kuti kutakura kworudzi runodzivirira pakudziviswa kwemitengo uye kuvimbisa kushandiswa kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri. Mufananidzo wakavhengana.

Kuongorora Kunoenzaniswa: NFSA Mundima Yenyika Yose

NFAMBIA iri pakati pegadziriro hurusa dzezvokudya mupasi, mapurogiramu akakwirira muBrazil (Bolsa Família), Mexico (PROSPAI), neIndonesia. Inogoverana mativi ne SUUS Consolation Programme (SNAP)[FL:1] uye [[FLT:] programme yechiRungu] 20,ansnas Programme, asi inoramba yakasiyana nemimwe mitemo yayo yapamutemo uye chikero. [[FLT] World Food Programme [FF: FP] [FFF] [5] yakarongwa seimwe yemite yemiteko, asi yakakurumbirawose.[5]

Mugumo: Mutemo Mupenyu Une Bhizimisi Risina Kupedzerwa

National Food Security Act ichiri chinhu chikuru chinodzivirira magariro evanhu muIndia. Nokuchinja kodzero yezvokudya kuva kodzero yepamutemo, zvakapa dziviriro kumazana emamiriyoni evagari vemo vane nzara uye vasingawani zvokudya zvakawanda. Chiito chacho chine miuyo inochinja mamiriro ezvinhu okudzora, misengwa, uye zvibvumirano zvemibato yemapuranga. Asi zvinetso zvokuburutsa, kubvisa zvokudya, uye kusadya zvinoramba zvichienderera mberi.

Rutivi runotevera rwerwendo rwokuchengetedzwa kwezvokudya rweIndia runofanira kunangidzira ngwariro pakuvhara musiyano webasa wesimba rehurumende, ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, uye kuchinja kubva mugadzirirowo zvayo yecalorie kuenda kuchengeteko yezvokudya zvinovaka muviri yakawanda. sezvo India inoedza kuwana SDGs ndokuva rudzi rwakabudirira panosvika 2047, NFSA ichatongwa kwete negadziriro yayo yesimba, asi kupfurikidza nokukwanisa kwayo kugumisa kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri uye kuvimbisa chiremera nokuda kwevagari vemo vose.

Nhevedzo dzezvokunzvera: Nokuda kwamashoko ane udzame pamusoro pegadziriro dzeNFS, shanyira National Food Security Portal. Kunzvera kwezvokudya zvakaderera, kunonongedzera ku Sundo yeEconomic yeIndia[. Nokuda kwemienzaniso nepurogiramu dzekuchengeteka kwezvokudya, ona World Bank Devition Mages Comment [[FLT]]