Chikonzero Nei Kudzora Mvura Kuchikosha Zvikuru Kupfuura Kare

Mvura ndiyo fandesheni youpenyu, basa rezvemari, uye utano hwezvipenyu. Kunyange zvakadaro sezvo zviverengero zvezviwanikwa zvichikura, mafambiro okunze, uye zvikumbiro zvenzvimbo dzinogadzirwa zvinhu zvemaindasitiri zvakawedzera, dzvinyiriro pazviwanikwa zvemvura yomumvura yomumvura yakachena haina kumbova huru. National Water Policy [ inogovera gadziriro yakarongwa, yenguva refu yokutarisira zvinhu izvi zvinowanika nenzira inotsigira kukura kusingachinjiki. Pasi pegadziriro inochinjika uye inomanikidzirwa, mvura inova inova yakaputsika, kunaka, uye kukwanisa kusvika kumunhu wose. Kunzwisisa National Water Policy inodikanwa nokuda kwomugadziri, zvirongwa, uye vagari vanobvuma kuti mvura itsigire nzvimbo dzose dzinotsigira kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzinochengeteka.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwezvirongwa Zvenyika Zvinoshandiswa Mumvura

Kudzora mvura kwakavapo nenzira inocherekedzwa mumakumi amakore anoverengeka apfuura. Kuedza kwokutanga kwakadokuva kwakananga chose chose pazvinogadzikisa zvinogoverwa: kuvaka madhamu, kuchera matsime, uye kutsausa nzizi kuti dzisvike chinodikanwa chinokura. Uhu unyanzvi hwegadziriro dzezvirongwa zvamabasa adzo kazhinji kazhinji hwakaregeredza miuyo yemhoteredzo yenzvimbo yakapoteredza yokuchera mvura namativi enzanga okupinda. National Water Policy[] inomirira kuchinjika kwepamberi kudivi yeyamu, kuraira kuri kudika kwaparutivi pesundo kunowirirana nezvinodikanwa zvomunhu nokuchengeteka.

Nyika zhinji dzakagadziridza mitemo yadzo yemvura kakawanda kuti iratidzire denho dzinobuda. Somuenzaniso, India yakagamuchira dzidziso yayo yokutanga yeNational Water Policy muna 1987, nenjo yakatevedzana muna 2002 na 2012 kuti isimbise nomutoo unowedzera kuiswa kwemvura pasi pevhu, kushandiswazve kwemvura inoshandwa, uye kubatanidzwa kwezvokuisa mungozi. Nenzira yakafanana, National Water Act yeSouth Africa ye1998 yakabatanidza nheyo yemvura sechivimbo chavose, isati yaita kuti zvinodikanwa zvinokosha zvavanhu nezvichengeteko zvemhoteredzo yazvo zviri pamusoro pokushandiswa kwokutengeserana. Iyi mirairo inodzorwa inoratidzira kuti mvura idzore kudzorwa kuteverwa kunzwisiso itsva yesayenzi nezvinochinja.

Mbiru Dzemitemo Yemvura Yorudzi

National Water Policy yakasimba iri pambiru dzinoverengeka dzakabatanidzwa pamwe chete dzinoumba gadziriro imwe chete yokutarisira manyuko emvura.

Kuwana Kwakakwana Neruramisiro Yenzanga

Mvura haisi chinhuwo zvacho chinotengeswa nomunhu; ikodzero huru yavanhu. National Water Policy inojekeswa kuti vanhu vose, pasinei zvapo nemari, nzvimbo, kana kuti mugariro wenzanga, vakafanirwa nokuwana mvura yakachengeteka neyakakwana yokunwa, yeutsanana, uye kushandiswa kwemhuri. Iyi nheyo inoshandura kuva zviteshi zvikuru zvakadai semitoro inodzivirira mvura inochengetedzwa, uye dziviriro dzapamutemo pakudzivisa kupesana kwemhuri dzisina dziviriro. Muitiro unonangiwo wevarume nevakadzi, unobvuma kuti vakadzi navasikana vari munzvimbo zhinji vane mutoro mukuru wokuunganidza mvura uye unotapurwa zvikuru nokushaiwa mvura.

Kutarisirwa Kwezviwanikwa Zvemvura Zvakasvibirwa

Pfungwa yokushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura zvakabatanidzwa (IWRM) iri pakati pegadziriro yemvura yazvino uno. IWRM inoziva kuti pamusoro pemvura nemvura yapasi pakabatanidzwa nemvura, kuti kunaka kwemvura nouwandu zvakabatana, uye kuti zvisarudzo zvokunaya zvakadzika zvakaparira miuyo yemvura. National Water Policy inokurudzira kubatana kwemibatanidzwa yemasero e&mdash, maindasitiri, simba, kuronga maguta, uye mhoteredzo — kudzivisa ndokuwedzera betsero dzinowanikwa muboka rimwe nerimwe remvura. Uku kubatana kunoda mibato yakasimba yezvirongwa zvemicheto, semasangano enzizi, matare okuyambuka, uye masangano okuronga anoparadza anounza pamwe chete vatengi.

Kuchengetedza Mvura Nokutarisira Kunodiwa

Panzvimbo pokutsvaka nguva dzose manyuko matsva emvura, National Water Policy inosimbisa kushandisa migove iripo zvinobudirira zvikuru. Kuchengetedzwa kwemipimo inopfuudza zvikero zvakawanda, kubvira pakukohwa mvura yemumvura yakaderera uye kufamba kwakaderera kusvikira kuunyanzvi hwokurima hwakaita sekudiridza mvura inoyerera nokudzikamisa mvura inorasika. Muitiro wacho unosimudzirawo kugadzirwazve kwemvura uye kushandiswazve, zvikurukuru mumaindasitiri nemu umo mvura inoraswa inogona kutsiva mvura isina mumvura mumibato isingashandiswi. Vadzori vanodzorwa vanopfuudzira kupfuura unyanzvi hwokurima kuti vabata zvinhu, mibato yokuzivisa vanhu vose, uye mibato yezvo inokurudzira kushandiswa kwemvura.

Kudzivirirwa Kwemvura Nokudzorwa Kwokushatisa

Mvura yakachena inokosha semvura yakakwana. National Water Policy inosimbisa mipimo yemvura nokuda kwemibato yakasiana-- siyana uye zvibvumikiso zvinoongorora mapurogiramu ezvirongwa zvokudzorwa kwetsvina zvinoiswa panzvimbo dzinoda kudzorwa. Mipimo yokudzora kushatisa yakadai sepombi dzinobudisa tsvina yenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa nokurasa tsvina, uyewo manyuko anoparadzira, kubatanidza kupfuudza kwakazara kwemichetura nefetimasi nemishonga. Muitiro unokurudzira kugamuchirwa kwemiitiro yokugadzira zvinhu zvokurapa zvinochenesa, uye kudzorerwa kwemiviri yakacheneswa yemvura. Mitemo yakasimba, kubatanidza zvirango zvokuputswa nezvishuvo zvama, zvinokosha kuchengetedza kunaka kwemvura munhambo refu.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze Uye Kuchinja

Chinjo yemamiriro okunze inobatanidza kuvandudza kuchengeteka kwemvura, kuita kuti mafashamo nokusanaya kwemvura zvive kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru uye zvakakomba. National Water Policy inobatanidza kuronga kwemamiriro okunze mumvura, ichivimbisa kuti kuiswa kwemari negadziriro dzokutarisira zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinowirirana nemhaka dzenguva yemberi. Kugadziridza kunobatanidza kuvandudza kuchengeteka kwemvura, kudzorera nzvimbo dzinochengeteka dzinodzorwa pamafashamo uye mvura inonyungurutswa, kuderedza mvura kuti ideredze rutsamiro pamigove yemamiriro okunze emamiriro okunze, uye kuvandudza miitiro yenyeverevedzo yapakuvamba yezvinoitika zvikuru. Muitiro wacho unotsigirawo kubatanidzwa kwezivo yegamuchidzanwa nezvinotsamira pachisiko, izvo kazhinji zvinogovera mutengo nechinhu chinodzoresa mvura yapasi kugadziridza kugadziridza.

Kuwiriraniswa Kwomutemo Wemvura uye Zvinangwa Zvinochengetedza

National Water Policy[[FLT: 1] inotsigira zvakananga mizhinji yeSangano Rokubudirira reUnited Nations SDGS, zvikurukuru SDG 6, iyo inovavarira kuvimbisa kuva nokuvapo nokuchengeteka kwemvura netsvina nokuda kwavose. Asi gadziriro dzemvura dzinopesvedzera zvikuru SDG 2 (nzara) kupfurikidza nokugonesa kudiridza nokugadzira zvokudya; SDG 3 (utano hwakanaka nezvakanaka) kupfurikidza nokuwana mvura yakakotsekana noutsanana; SD 7 (simba rapanyika nerakachena) kupfurikidza nesimba remvura nokudziyisa mvura nokuda kwemiti inopisa; SD 11 (inoita kuti igove maguta nenzanga dzinodzorongedzwa) nomumaguta; chiito cheSDG1; chiito chamatutsinga neSD (D) chinoitwa nokudzoresa mararamiro adzoro) uye kupfurikidza nokutsigira mamiriro ezvinhu zvipenyu pasi pemvura, uye kupfurikidza nokutsigira njodzi dzemvura, uye kupfurikidza nokutsigira mamiriro adzodzodzo dzakasimba dzemvura.

Uku kubatana kunoreva kuti kuisa mari mumiitiro yemvura kunobudisa purofiti dzeconefit munzvimbo dzakawanda. Somuenzaniso, kudzorera mvura yakacheneswa hakungovandudzi bedzi kunaka kwemvura nouwandu asiwo kunowedzera zvisikwa zvakasiyana - siyana, kabhoni, uye kugovera mikana yenhandaro. Nenzira inopesana, kuregeredza muitiro wemvura kunogona kukanganisa fambiro mberi muutano, kurima, simba, uye chengeteko yemhoteredzo. Kunzwisisa kweidzidzidzinosirwa kunokosha nokuda kwevambidzi vemitemo vanofanira kuisa zvinhu munzvimbo dzinopesana.

Kuoma Kwemari Kwomutemo Wemvura

Mvura ine ukoshi hwemari mukushanda kwayo kwose kunokwikwidzana, uye National Water Policy inogovera nhungamiro pamusoro penzira yokuziva nayo nokutarisira nayo. Mitemo yokugadzira mvura, kodzero dzemvura, uye kuisa mitemo inoumba zvikonzero zvinopesvedzera kuti mvura inoshandiswa sei nokuchengetedzwa. Muitiro wacho unosimudzira ganhuriro pakati pekubudirira kwezvemari, kusasarurana, uye kuchengeteka kwemhoteredzo yazvo. Kugadzirwa kwakazara kwemitengo yemvura kunogona kukurudzira kuchengetedza nokubudisa mari nokuda kwokuchengetedza zvinhu zvakanaka, asi unofanira kusanogadzirirwa kudzivisa kuremedza mhuri dzinowana mari shoma.

Betsero dzemari dzemiitiro yemvura ine ruzha dzakasimba. Mvura dzakavimbika dzinotsigira kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa, uwandu hwemaindasitiri, uye simba chizvarwa. Mitengo yezvirongwa zvemvura inoparira mabasa uye inonyandura upfumi hwemo. Kudzivisa njodzi dzemvura dzinoda — zvakadai semvura isina mvura yakakomba inoda rori yekurumidziro kana kuti kurapwa kunodhura kwezvinotsvakwa namashoko akashatiswa nezvinosvibiswa. Nzvero dzakaratidza kuti mari iri yose yakashandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemvura nokuchengetedzwa kwemvura inoparira kudzoka madhora mana kana kuti kupfuura nokudhura mari yakaderwadhura, kugadzirwa kwemitengwa, uye kudhura rufu.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, muitiro unofanira kugadzirisa ngozi dzemari dzakabatanidzwa nokushaikwa kwemvura. Munharaunda umo mvura yakanyanyoshaikwa, kukundikana kudzora kudikanwa kunogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro ine ngwavaira, kubatanidza kukundikana kwezvirimwa, kuvharwa kwebhizimisi, uye kubviswa kwevagari vemo. National Water Policy inogovera gadziriro yepamutemo negadziriro yemvura inoiswa mumvura chaiyo munzira dzinowedzera garikano yenzanga nepo ichidzivirira zvinodikanwa zvikuru zvavanhu nemabasa emhoteredzo yazvo.

Gadziriro Dzokutonga Nemasangano

Muitiro wemvura unoshanda unotsamira pamasangano akasimba anodzora uye anoshanda zvakanaka. National Water Policy inowanzorondedzera mabasa nemitoro yemasangano ehurumende akasiyana - siyana, inoumba nzira dzokufambisa nadzo miganhu yehurumende, uye inogadza zvikuva kuti zviitewo. Kutora nzvimbo inhau yakafanana, nemitemo yakawanda inoita kuti hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzikwanise kudzora zviwanikwa zvemvura pamwero wakakodzera.

Kuona mativi ose nokuzvidavirira inheyo dzinotonga nokungwarira. Muitiro wacho unofanira kubatanidza gadziriro dzokuwana mashoko pamusoro pokuwanikwa kwemvura, kunaka, kugovera zvisarudzo, uye kufamba kwemari. Vadzori vekuzvimirira vanogona kutungamirira vatarisiri vebasa remvura, kuva nechokwadi chokuti vatongi vakarurama uye vabati vebasa vanosvitsa mipimo. Kubatanidza mitoo yakadai sekurukurirano dzavachengeti vemitengi namapurai ezvikuva, betsera kuvaka wirirano pamusoro pemibato yakaoma yebhizimisi uye kuvandudza nhevedzano yemiitiro.

Gadziriro dzinopesana ndiimwe nzira inokosha yokudzora. Sezvo mvura ichiva shoma zvikuru, makwikwi pakati pavashandisi — akadai savarimi namaguta, kana kuti kumusoro kworwizi nenzanga dzomunamutsinga — inobatana. National Water Policy inofanira kugovera mitemo yakajeka nokuda kwechisarudzo chokukakavadzana, kungava kupfurikidza nemiitiro yokudzora, kutaurirana, kana kuti kutsiviwa mumatare ezvekushandisa. Kudzivirira kworumano, kupfurikidza nokuronga nokuisa kusingachinjiki, kunopesana kunokosha zvikuru kupfurikidza nokuronga njodzi.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nokuzvivandudza Mukudzora Mvura

National Water Policy inobvuma kuti ruzivo rwokugadzira mvura runogona kuita basa rokuvandudza kugadzirwa kwemvura. Kuziva zviri kure uye masatellite zvinogonesa kuongororwa kwemvura, mwero yemvura yepasi, uye kushandiswa kwemvura yezvirimwa. Mamita emvura akangwara uye zvishandiso zvinopa mashoko chaiwo pakushandiswa, kudzudza, uye kunaka kwemvura. Kuziva kuti zvinhu zvine simba rokugadzira zvinogona kufambisa mibatanidzwa yemvura, zvinodeya kuonekwa, uye zvinoziva kuti zvinenge zvichiratidza kutadza kwechinhu kana kuti kutadza kushandisa.

Kugadzirwa kwemvura, zvakadai semichina inoshandiswa pakurapa, kudzokera kuosmosis, uye miitiro yakakwirira yokuwedzera, zvinowedzera mikana yokushandisazve nokushandisa mvura. Kubviswa kwemvura, nepo kuri kuisa simba, kunopa manyuko asingamiriri emvura yemvura yemvura yemakungwa nokuda kwenzanga dzomumhenderekedzo dzegungwa. Zvigadzikiso zvechisiko, kubatanidza matenga akagadzirwa, matenga egirini, uye migwagwa inonatsirika, kudzora mvura yemhepo nepo zvichigovera betsero dzakafanana nenzvimbo yeguta nenzvimbo.

Muitiro wacho unofanira kusimudzira nzvimbo inoita kuti pave nekwakapoteredza kuvandudza, kubatanidza mari inoshandiswa pakutsvakurudza, zvirongwa zvokufambisa ndege, kuchinjwa kwemajecha, uye mabhokisi emichina anobvumira kuedza nemitoo mitsva. Maturusi emagetsi anogonawo kuwedzera kuvimbisana kwevanhu, kugonesa vagari vemo kushuma kubuda, kuwanda kwemvura, uye kubatanidzwa mukugadzira zvisarudzo paIndaneti.

Kushandisa Mutezo Wemvura Wenyika: Zvinetso Nezvidzidzo

Gadziriro yokushandura inowanzova nhano yakakomba zvikurusa. Nyika zhinji dzine miitiro yemvura yakaisvonaka papepa asi dzinorwisa nokuitwa nemhaka yesimba remibato duku, kusakwana kwemari, kudzongonyedzwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye zvinokwikwidzana. Kushaikwa kwezvisakiso idenho yakarovedzeka; pombi dzokukwegura, nzvimbo dzokurapa, uye nzvimbo dzokuchengetera dzinoda kuiswa mari yakawanda izvo bhajetidzo dzisingagoni kugadzikamisa nguva dzose. Chinjo yenzvimbo inoomesa kupfurikidza nokusuma kusava nechokwadi uye kuwedzera kunyanyisa.

Zvidzidzo kubva munhamburiko dzinobudirira dzinopa nhungamiro inokosha. Chokutanga, kuda uye kuzvipira kwakasimba pamwero wakakwirira wehurumende kunokosha. Muitiro wemvura unofanira kutsigirwa navatungamiriri vanogona kutungamirira fariro ndokufambisa mativi ose. Chechipiri, tsinhano yakakwana neinonguriranwa yakakomba, ingava inobva mubhajeti yehurumende, mari yemari yevashandi, yamuro, kana kuti batira pamwe yevoruzhinji. Wechitatu, chivako pamitengo yose — kubva kuruwa rwebasa kumatare emvura — mishuwaro yokuti mitemo inogona kuparadzwa nokutevererwa zvakanaka.

Kuronga kugadziridza chimwe chidzidzo chinokosha. Panzvimbo pokubata zviitwa zvemiitiro sechiito chenguva imwe chokurovedza muviri, mitoo inobudirira inovamba mukuchinjika nokuda kwokudzidza nokugadziridza. Masangano anoongorora fambiro mberi mumugwagwa mukurwisana nezvinopindwa, anogadzira mashoko okuita zvisarudzo, uye anonyandura zviito zvokururamisa apo miuyo inotsauka pakariro. Uyu muitiro wokuvandudza unobvumira mitoo kushanduka - chinja semigariro inochinja uye zivo itsva inowanika.

Kuvimbisana kwenzanga kunoramba kuchibudirira. Kana nzanga dzomunzvimbomo dzichitora rutivi mukuronga, kuita zvisarudzo, uye kutarisirwa, sezvingabvira zvikuru dzinowirirana nemirairo, kuchengeta gadziriro dzezvisimboro, uye kugamuchira miitiro yokuchengetedza. dzimbahwe renzanga, kuvimba, uye chiito chakabatana zvishandiso zvine simba izvo mitemo yakasanoumbwa inogona kutsigira.

Mirangariro Yokuenzanisa: Politiki yeNational Yemvura Munyika Yose

Kunzvera miitiro yemvura munyika dzakasiana--------------kuratidza nzira dzakasiyana-----ngova dzakaumbwa nemamiriro emvura, ezvemari, ezvamatongerwe enyika, uye etsika. National Water Initiative yeAustralia, yakatanga muna 2004, yakatanga misika yemvura yakasimba, yakavakirwa pasayenzi, uye mari yakatengwa zvikuru mugadziriro yokufambisa mvura. Nhamburiko yacho yakabetsera mukufambisa Mireniyumu Drought uye yakafundwa zvakafara semuenzaniso wehurumende yemvura inochinjika.

Gadziriro yemvura yeSingapore, inowanzodudzwa sechiratidzo chenyika yose, inobatanidza manyuko akawanda kubatanidza kubata kwomunzvimbomo, kutengwa kwemvura, mvura inosiiwa yakakwirira (yakadzoreswa seNEWAter), uye kubviswa. Utungamiriri hwezvamatongerwe enyika hwakasimba, kuronga kwenguva refu, kugamuchirwa kwavose, uye kuiswa kwemichina yokurapa yazvino uno kwakagonesa Singapore kuwana chengeteko yemvura pasinei zvapo nezviwanikwa zvomusikirwo zvakaganhurirwa.

Mukupesana, nyika zhinji dzichiri kubudirira dzinotarisana nedenho huru dzeperevedzo yemikoto yemakombiyuta, kudimburwa kwezvirongwa, uye kuganhurirwa kwemari. National Water Policy inosimbisa kubatanidzwa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura nehurumende inodzorwa zvakanaka, asi kugadzirwa kunodzorwa nokuganhurirwa kwounyanzvi nokukwikwikwidzana kwenzvimbo nemvura. National Water Resources Policy yeBrazil yakatanga gadziriro itsva yematare enzizi dzomurwizi nepoka dzemvura, asi kuchengetwa kunoramba kusina kufanira munzvimbo dzose.

Zviitiko izvi zvokuenzanisa zvinosimbisa misoro inozivikanwa navose: ukoshi hwamasangano akasimba, ukoshi hwamanyuko emvura akasiyana - siyana, kudikanwa kwokutora rutivi kwavose, uye kudikanwa kwemiitiro inogona kuchinjira kuchinjo. Zvinosimbisawo nhau idzodzo dzakapoteredza; hakuna chinogadzirirwa chakaenzana, uye miitiro inofanira kugadzirirwa kumigariro yomunzvimbomo apo inokweverwa pamiitiro yakanakisisa yamarudzi ose.

Nzira Iri Pamberi: Kusimbisa Muitiro Wemvura Nokuda Kwenguva Yemberi Inotsigisa

Sezvo zvinetso zvemvura zvinowedzera, National Water Policy inofanira kupfuurira. Nhevedzano dzenguva yemberi dzinofanira kubatanidza kuvhengana kwakadzama zvikuru nemitoo yokuchinja nayo mugariro wokunze, kuchiziva kuti kudzora mvura hakuparadzaniswi nechimiro chemhoteredzo yemhepo. Policies inofanira kusimbisa dziviriro yenzvimbo dzemvura yakachena, kwete bedzi samanyuko emvura asi senzvimbo dzebasa rinokosha dzakadai sedzoreso, kuchovha zvokudya, uye tsigiro yokugara.

Kuchinja kwemagetsi kunopa mikana yokushandisa mvura zvakanaka uye kuisa pachena. Mitemo inofanira kusimudzira kushandiswa kwemichina inoshanda zvakanaka, kugoverana mitemo, uye zvikuva zvemichina izvo zvinopa simba vagari vomunyika uye zvinovandudza kugadzirwa kwechisarudzo. Zvirongwa zvokuwedzera basa remvura zvichadikanwa kuvaka unyanzvi hunodiwa kuti zvishande nenzira inowedzera kuoma.

Kushandisa mari yezvirongwa izvi kunoramba kuri basa guru.

Pakupedzisira, batira pamwe yamarudzi ose ichava inokosha mukudzora mvura dzinofamba, kugoverana zivo noruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye kusvika nharidzano dzenyika yose. National Water Policy inofanira kuwirirana nezvirongwa zvamarudzi ose zvakadai seSDGs, Chibvumirano cheParis pakuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, uye Sendai Framey for Disaster Risk Reduction. Kubatana kwechiBate nedzechikamu chakawanda kunogona kutsigira chivako chenzvimbo, mashoko, uye kudyidzana kwemitengo yemari muzvinhu zvemvura.

Kushaikwa kwemvura kuri kutotapura mabhiriyoni avanhu, uye pasina chiito chakavhengana, mugariro wacho uchaipa zvikuru.Asi National Water Policy inogovera chishandiso chine simba chokuumba nacho nguva yemberi inochengeteka. nomusengwa wezvamatongerwe enyika, pfuma yakakwana, uye kutora rutivi kwokushingaira kwavachengeti vose vemitengo, muitiro wemvura unogona kuva simba rinosunda nokuda kwokukura kunopfuuridzira, kubetsera vanhu, upfumi, uye mhoteredzo nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvichauya.