Nokuda kwavapoteri navapoteri vanotsvaka utiziro, maruramiro okuroora haasati achingovawo zvake nhambo huru yomunhu oga, iyo inzira yakakomba kudziviriro yapamutemo, chinzwano chemhuri, uye dzikamo munyika inosiiwa. Kunyange zvazvo munyika yose, ava varoorani vanotarisana nemhinganidzo dzapamutemo dzinogona kunonozeka, kuoma, kana kuti chose chose chose kudzivisa mano avo okuronga ukama hwavo. Kubva mukushaikwa kwezvinyorwa uye zvinodikanwa zvokugara zvinoganhurira zvokusa mitemo nemitemo yokudzora misungo, mipiningwa yebhotoro, mhinganidzo dzinotyisa. Pasina mano okuroora, vapoteri navatsvaki vanowanzobviswa pamikomborero, maruramiro outano, maruramiro emhuri, uye kudzokororwa kweyamuitiro dzakakura dzomutemo, misiyano yavo, misiyano yenharaunda yeruwa, kuvandudza, uye kusimbisa maruramiro okuwana maruramiro okupinda muroorano, pasineiwo.

Kunzwisisa Nzvimbo Yapamutemo Yevapoteri Nevatsvaki VechiAsylum

Vatsvaki Vevapoteri Vakasiyana Nevamwe

Vapoteri navatsvaki vavapoteri vane nzvimbo dzapamutemo dzakasiana, idzo dzinotapura zvakananga kodzero dzavo dzeroorano. Nhare munhu anopiwa dziviriro mu 1951vapoteri Convention nemhaka yorutyo rwakanyatsovambwa rwomukurumbira rwechitambudzo munyika yavo. [[FLT:]] aslyum anotsvaka [[[FLT]] munhu akatiza nyika yavo uye anoshandiswa nokuda kwenzvimbo yevapoteri asi asati awana chisarudzo chokupedzisira. Izvi nemhaka yokuti nyika dzakawanda dzinogamuchira roorano dzinobatanidza kunyoreswa kugarwa kwapamutemo kana kuti nzvimbo yokutamira. Nepo vapoteri kazhinji kazhinji vachiziva mugariro wapamutemo unoita kuti migariro yeroorano ive nyore, vatsvaki vatsvaki vadzo vane mamiriro ezvinhu anodzo dzakakomba zvikuru, kunonotswa kwadzo, kana kuti kurambira maruramiro eroorano.

Mipimo Yekodzero Dzevanhu Munyika Yose

Kodzero yokuroora inosimbiswa mumutemo wamarudzi ose.Chikamu 16 cheUniversal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) chinoti “varume navakadzi vezera rakazara, pasina ganhuriro ipi neipi nemhaka yorudzi, rudzi kana kuti rudzidziso, vane maruramiro okuroora uye kuwana mhuri. Nenzira yakafanana, Chikamu 23 cheInternational Convention on Civil and Politicle Rights (ICCCR) chinovimbisa kodzero yokuroora uye kugadza kuti nyika dzinofanira kuva nechokwadi chekodzero dzakafanana nemitoro yeroorano. Dare reRefugever Convention harinai zvakananga, asi dziviriro dzaro nokuda kwenzvimbo yevapoteri (Arekle 12) dzinoda kuziva ukama hwekare. zvisinei, izvi zviito zvamarudzi ose zvinowanzoitwa nenzira isingawiriraniswi, zvinosiya vapo vapo vakwani vakaroorana kuti vave mitemo yemhuri yakabatana.

Kuwiriraniswa Kwomutemo Wokuchinja uye Mutemo Wemhuri

Roorano nokuda kwavapoteri navatsvaki vavapoteri inogara pamharadzano dzemitemo yokubuda nokugara kwemhuri. Nyika dzinovakidzana kazhinji kazhinji dzinoda chibvumikiso chomugariro wapamutemo, nzvimbo yokugara, zita, uye simba rokuroora − zviwirirano zvakaomera vanhu vakabviswa munyika kusangana. Uyezve, mitemo mizhinji yenyika inodzivisa michato ingagona kurangarirwa se “masangano anokugara kwapasi. Yakagadzirirwa kuchengeteka, kuchitungamirira kukunzvera nokuwedzera zvinodikanwa zvepamutemo. Ikoku kunoparira kuroora neCbatts-22: kunoda mamiriro ezvinhu akatsigarira; kuti uwane mugariro wakatsigadzika, roorano ingava inokosha nokuda kwokutsigira kana kuti kuvandudza mhuri. Kuramba uku kunoda kuti zvose zviri zviviri zvishamiso zvapamutemo uye tsigiro.

Mhinganidzo Chaidzo Dzakananga Dzatarisana Nevapoteri Nevakaroorana Vanotsvaka Vaviri

Ganhuriro Pakusatana Kupinda Muroorano

Nyika dzine vagari dzinoisa mipimo yakasiana - siana yokufara inogona kubvisa vapoteri navatsvaki utiziro. ganhuriro dzinozivikanwa navose dzinobatanidza:

  • Miganhu yezera yakaderera zvikuru neyakakwirira zvikuru [[FLT: 1]: Dzimwe nyika dzinogadza zera duku re 18 (kana kuti rakakwirira nebvumirano yavabereki) asiwo, muzvinoitika zvisingawanzoitiki, dzinoisa miganhu yezera rakakwirira nokuda kweroorano, uko kunogona kutapura vapoteri vakura.
  • Chibvumikiso chesimba rapamutemo: Varoorani vanofanira kuratidzira kuti havana kutoroorana. Vapoteri vakatiza pasina mitemo yechatanuro kana kuti rugwaro rworufu nokuda kwavakwanyina vanopotsa vanotarisana nemhinganidzo dzezvinyorwa dzisingakundiki.
  • Zvibvumikiso pamusoro pemibatanidzwa inobatanidza nyika : Nyika shomanene dzinoganhurira roorano pakati pavapoteri navagari vemo vanogamuchira, sezvinooneka kudzivisa kubiridzirwa kwokupinda munyika, asi miitiro yakadaro inokuvadza zvikuru varoorani.
  • Kurambwa kweroorano yevatano imwe cheteyo : Munyika dzakawanda dzakavapo, vakwanyina vane mitezo yakafanana yevatano yevatano (hwupi kana kuti ndudzi) haigoni kuroora, ichimanikidzira LGBTQ+ vapoteri kuramba vari muukama husingaoneki hwapamutemo pasina dziviriro dzepakarepo.

Idzi ganhuriro dzinopokanidza zvakananga mipimo yamarudzi ose iyo inoda maruramiro okuroora pasina ganhuriro dzokusafunga.

Kunyorwa uye Uchapupu Hwokuzivikanwa

Zvichida mhinganidzo yakapararira zvikurusa ndichinodikanwa chemagwaro ehurumende ayo vapoteri navatsvaki venzvimbo yokupotera kazhinji kazhinji vasingagoni kuita.

  • Mapasipoti kana kuti makadhi okuzivisa enyika : Aya angave akarasika, akaparadzwa, kana kuti akasiyiwa shure mukati mokubhururuka.
  • Zviratidzo zvokuberekwa: Vapoteri vazhinji vanobva kunyika umo kunyoresa kubereka kusina kukwana kana kuti magwaro akasiiwa mukati mokubviswa.
  • Zvibvumikiso zveroorano zvakapfuura kana kuti chatanuro [[FLT: 1]: Kana munhu aichimbova akaroora, anofanira kubvumikisa roorano yacho kuti yakaguma(a iri pedyo nebasa risingabviri apo matare kana kuti zvinyorwa zvokunyoresa munyika dzapamusha zvinenge zvisingasvikiki.
  • Chiratidzo chorudzi kana kuti nzvimbo yokugara yapamutemo: Vatsvaki veasylmum nezvikumbiro zvokumirira vangashaiwa chinyorwa chipi nechipi chapamutemo chinobvumikisa kuvapo kwavo kwapamutemo munyika inogamuchirwa.

Mapepa akasiana - siana − akadai seapinduro yeaffidavit, kutaura kwechapupu, kana kuti magwaro okunyoresa utiziro (haasati achigarogamuchirwa, achisiya varoorani vari mumugumo wakashata. Dzimwe nyika dzavamba kugamuchira magwaro akapinzwa weUNHCR sezvitsivi, asi uyu muitiro unoramba usina kufanira.

Kudzokera Kunoitika Uye Kutama

Mumarudzi akawanda, vanhu bedzi “vanogara mururambwa rwunogona kuroora. Vapoteri vane mugariro wedziviriro yechinguvana, vatsvaki voutiziro vanomirira zvisarudzo, uye avo vane mavhiza anopera vangabuda kunze kweiyi rondedzero. Mienzaniso inobatanidza:

  • Mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope, vatsvaki venzvimbo yevapoteri vanofanira kukumbira mvumo chaiyo yeroorano, uye muitiro wacho unogona kutora mwedzi kana kuti makore, umo mukati mawo vangaendeswa kunzvimbo dzokugara dzakasiana - siana kana kuti kunyange kudzingwa munyika.
  • MuUnited States, vatsvaki veutiziro vasingapi pokupotera kokupedzisira vangatarisana nezvinetso zvokuwana rezinesi reroorano mune dzimwe nyika, zvikurukuru kana vasina nhamba yeSocial Security kana kuti hofisi yemifananidzo yehurumende.
  • Munyika dzine vanhu vokuMiddle East dzakadai seLebanon kana kuti Jordan, vapoteri kazhinji kazhinji vane nzvimbo dzapamutemo shomanene, vachiita roorano norudzi(kana kuti kunyange nomumwe mupoteri) akaoma, kazhinji kazhinji asingabviri, mutongo wapamutemo.

Zvipingamupinyi izvi zvinotsigira mamiriro ezvinhu hazvingotadzisi vanhu kuroorana chete asiwo zvinoita kuti pave nezvido zvokuroorana zvisina kunyoreswa, zvinosiya vakaroorana vasina kudzivirirwa zviri pamutemo.

Kuzivikanwa Kweroorano Dzetsika Nedzerudzidziso

Vapoteri vakawanda vanopinda muroorano maererano netsika kana kuti netsika dzechitendero mumisasa, munyika dzinotamiswa, kana kuti nzanga dzadzo dzomumusha. Kunyange kana kubatana uku kuchibvumirwa nomutemo munyika yakabva, nyika dzinogara dzingaramba kuzviziva, zvikurukuru kana pasina kunyoresa kwehurumende. Pasina kuzivikanwa, vakwanyina havagoni kuwana mavhiza okuroora, kodzero dzenhaka, kana kuti betsero dzenzanga. Nyaya iyi inotapura zvikurukuru vakadzi, avo vane bviro huru yokutsamira panzvimbo yepamutemo yepamutemo pashure peroorano.

Mitengo Nemitoro Inorema

Kupfuura zvipingamupinyi zvepamutemo, mari inoshanda yokuroora kana kuroorwa nejeri, kushandurwa kwemagwaro, mazano epamutemo, kuenda kumabhuku okunyoresa kwevapoteri vari kurarama muurombo.

Kutapura Kwemhinganidzo Dzapamutemo Pamhuri Dzevapoteri Nedzinotsvaka Vapoteri

Kurasikirwa Nedziviriro Dzapamutemo

Kana pasina kuroorana kunozivikanwa nepamutemo, vapoteri vanonyimwa kodzero dzakawanda dzinowanikwa nemitemo yenyika yacho kune vakaroorana.

  • Kuwana rubatsiro rwokutarisira utano uye kuchengeteka kwenzanga.