KUtora rutivi kweCovic kunoumba mavambo okudzora kwomumiriri, bva mamirioni avanhu vakakodzera anoramba ari pamativi. Kuvambira pamisangano yekambani yemanisiparati kusvikira kurusarudzo rwehurumende, mukaha pakati pekuvimbisana kunobvira nokubatanidzwa chaikoiko unopfuurira mumativi avagari vemo. Kuziva zvisakiso zvikuru zvokuparadzanya / uye kushandisa zvigadzikiso zvanyajambwa mukuvaka hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu zvinokosha nokuda kwokuvakwa kwedadoma avo vose. Nyaya ino inonzvera mhinganidzo dzinozivikanwa zvikurusa kukubatanidzwa kwehurumende uye kurondedzera gadziriro dzakavakirwa panzanga namasangano anogona kugamuchira kubvisa mhinganidzo idzodzo.

Kurondedzera Kubatanidzwa Munzanga Yazvino Uno

Kutora rutivi kweCovic hakurevi kungokanda petabhu. Kunobatanidza kupinda zvisarudzo zvavose, kubatira pamabhodhi okuteerera, kuzvipira nokuda kwesonganiro dzomunharaunda, kuonana navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, kutora rutivi mutsutsumo kana kuti kufamba, uye kupinda muInternet comments pamusoro pemitemo yomunzvimbomo. Muhurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vane utano hwakanaka, vagari vemo havangoiti zvisarudzo zvinoitwa navamwe. Zvisinei, mabasa anorangarirwa kuva "cbic" akakura muzera remichina, kuchikuita kuti kuve nyore uye kwakaoma zvikuru kuti vanhu vawane pfundo ravo rokupinda.

Nzvero inobva kuPew Research Center inoratidza kuti nepo muvhoti muvhoti muU.S. sarudzo yapurezidhendi achifambira mberi mu 60-66%, zvimwe zvimiro zvokutora rutivi `zvakadai sokupinda musangano wehurumende womunzvimbomo kana kuti kuona mumiriri(anoramba ari pasi zvikuru, kazhinji kazhinji pasi pe 20% nokuda kwamapoka makuru. Uku kutsaura kunosimbisa kuti mashoko anoparirwa oga anovhara zvinetso zvikuru. Kubatanidzwa kwechokwadi kunoreva kuva nechokwadi chokuti munhu ari wose, pasinei zvapo nekwakare, anogona kubetsera kuzvisarumbidzo zvinotapura upenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvinowanzotadzisa Kubatanidzwa

Zvipingamupinyi zvokuvimbisana kunoitwa nehurumende hazviwanzova zvakasiyana; kazhinji zvinobatanidza, zvichikonzera kupesana.

Kushaya Kungwarira

Vagari vakawanda havazivi kuti kutora rutivi kwevagari vemo kunobatanidza chii kana kuti nei kuinei. Nzvero yakaitwa neAmerican Bar Association yakawana kuti vanhu vashomanene zvikuru muvakura vatatu vangagona kududza mapazu ose matatu ehurumende yeU. iyi zivo iripo mumapoka ezera, kunyange zvazvo ichizivikanwa zvikurusa pakati pavaduku vangave vasina kugamuchira dzidzo yapamutemo kuchikoro. Kupfuura zivo yetsika, vanhu vazhinji havatongozivi [[FLT:] apo kana kubatanidzwa. Vangava vasingazivi marusarudzo anouya, nhambo dzinotemwaraurira, kana kuti mabanza okuzvipira mukati nharaunda dzavo vamene.

Nhano dzedzidzo − dzakadai sekosi dzezvikoro zveruwa dzezvikoro zvapamusoro idzo dzinobatanidza kudzidza kwokuedzesera, maraibhurari avose anopinza basa rokuvhota, uye asingapi purofiti "Dai Vote" nhimbe dzehondo. Somuenzaniso, Cbivips Education Initive, idzo dzinoda vadzidzi vechikoro chapamusoro kupfuudza muedzo wevagari vemo pamberi pokupedza kufunda, dzakabatanidzwa kuwedzerwa kwemipimo yavavhoti pakati pemakore 18 okuregeredza.

Hupindwa kumashoko

Kunyange kana vanhu vakangwarira, mashoko akavimbika, akakodzera emabasa omunharaunda anoramba ari chipingamupinyi. Kukamuraniswa kwemadhigirii kunoreva kuti dzimba dzisina injini yakawandisa yekombiyuta nenzanga dzomumaruwa dzinowanikwa zvishoma uye nzanga dzepaIndaneti, zvivako zvemataundi, uye makombiyuta anoendesa mashoko kumabhuku. Uyezve, mawebsite ehurumende anowanzogadzirwa nemabhuku akaoma kunzwisisa kana kuti mutauro wepamutemo wakawanda unoita kuti vanhu vanoshandisawo zvavo vasapinda muhondo.

Miitiro yakanakisisa inobatanidza kubudisa zviziviso mumitauro mizhinji, kushandisa kupeta kwakapfava, uye kuparadzira mashoko kupfurikidza nemikoto yapachivande yakadai semabhodhi ezviziviso enzanga, redhiyo, uye kuisa suo pasuo. Guta re "SA Speak Up" somuenzaniso, rinogovera nzvimbo imwe huru yepaIndaneti uko vagari vemo vanogona kuwana misangano yose yavose, kupa reporation pamabasa eguta, uye kusaina nokuda kwezviziviso kupfurikidza norugwaro kana kuti email.

Zvisakiso Zvenzanga Zvemari

Mitemo yezvemari inoparira mhinganidzo ine simba kukutora rutivi. Munhu anoshanda mabasa maviri kuti asvike goverano angasava nenguva inobhadharwa inodikanwa kuvhota kana kuti kupinda musangano wemakurukota weguta masikati. Vanhu vanowana mari shomanene havangatongoviwo nebviro shomanene yokurasa mari yokupa kuzvikonzero zvamatongerwe enyika, kuchinjika kuzvipira, kana kuti pfuma yokupinda zvinoitika zvinoda zvokufambisa kana kuti kutarisira vana.

Maererano nenzvero yakabudiswa mu Science yeAmerican Science Review, muvhoti pakati pe 20% yavawani inenge 30 muzana yezvikamu zvakaderera kupfuura pakati pe20% yapamusoro. Mukaha uyu unosimudzira miuyo inowanzotsigira vapfumi, kupfuudzira nhambo yokuparadza. Matanho akadai sokuita Evolution Day zororo ravose, kupa vhotera pakupera kwevhiki, uye kugovera mwero wemitengo yeboka renzanga yemitezo yemitambo.

Nhau Dzezvokufambisa

Kukwanisa kuvhura nzvimbo dzokuvhotera, horo dzetaundi, uye nzvimbo dzenzanga kunoramba kuri mugwagwa chaiwoiwo nokuda kwavakawanda. Kunzvera 2021 kubva kuMassachusetts Institute of Technology kwakawana kuti nguva yokufamba kuenda kunzvimbo yokuvhota chiratidzo chinokosha chokuvhota, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzomumaruwa umo madaro anogona kupfuura makiromita 20. Kuvanhu vane urema, purogiramu dzavose dzisingafanoonekwi kana kuti kushaikwa kweimwe nhambo dzinowanika dzokupaka motokari kunobatanidza denho yacho.

Zvigadzikiso zvinosanganisira makambani okuvhota anofambiswa nemotokari, nzvimbo dzokuvhota dzokukurumidza mumisha inofambiswa vanhu vose, uye kushandira pamwe nevanotasva. Mu Harris County, Texas, chirongwa chevatyairi vendege chakagovera kutasva pachena nzvimbo dzokuvhotera paZuva reIconst 2022, kuchiguma nokukwira kunotakurwa kwapakarepo pakati penharaunda dzine kutora rutivi kwakaderera kwenhau.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvetsika

Mitauro, tsika, uye kusavimbana kwenhau zvinogona kuparadzanisa nzanga dzisingazvioni dzimene dzichiratidzirwa mumasangano ehurumende. Vatami navadzidzi vemitauro yeEngland vangarwisana nezvinhu zvokuvhota, purogiramu dzemisangano, kana kuti nhauro dzisina kurongwa dzinodzora vanhu vose. Kupfuurirazve, nzanga dzeruvara rweruvara(zvikurukuru vatema naMandaundi) dzinotakura nhaka yokuparadza nokudzvinyirira muvhoti, kuvhota, kutyisidzira kwamasimba masimba. Nhau iyi inoparira panikiro inonzwisisika pamusoro pokuti kutora rutivi kuchatungamirira kuchinjo ine revo.

Makwikwi etsika anoda zvinopfuura kushandura. Inoraira kuti masangano ehurumende atsvakidze nokushingaira mitezo yeboka yemitezo yemabhodhi yakabva munzanga dzinopinzwa, inoita misangano munzvimbo dzomunzanga sechechi kana kuti nzvimbo dzetsika, uye kutevera mitoo yokutaura zvenhema inovimbisa kuti manzwi ose anonzwiwa. Guta reSeattle’s "Race and Social Justice Initive" rirectes rekurovedza vanhu mumadhipatimendi ose ehurumende, zvichiguma nokuwedzera kupinda navakurukuri vemutauro weChirungu pakutonga.

Rusaruraganda

Rusaruro rwegadziriro dzinooneka mumitemo iyo mapoka akaderedzwa zvikuru. Mitemo yeID, somuenzaniso, yakaratidzwa kuderedza kudzorwa pakati pevashomanene navavhoti vemibayiro yakaderera avo vasingatongovi nezvimiro zvinogamuchirwa. Nenzira yakafanana, kusaidzwa kwemitemo kunoisa miganhu mumiganhu yechigarire mamiriyoni eAmerican . Varume vechiBlack . Mudzimwe nyika, vanhu vaimbopinzwa mumajeri vanotarisana nemiitiro inopesana nezvinopesana kudzorera upenyu hwevagari vemo.

Masangano okuvhota akadai seACLU neBrennan Center nokuda kweRuramisiro anoshanda kudenha mitemo yokupa mhaka kupfurikidza nokudzosa nokudzosa pamutemo. Pamwero wenzanga, "Bhaibheti" nhano nokuda kwokugadzwa kwamasipala nokubviswa kwezvinodikanwa zveID zvekuvhota zvinogona kuratidzira kuti masangano akakomba pamusoro pokubatanidzwa. Kuvaka nzvimbo dzakakotsekana neruramisiro kwakadai sokudzoresa ruramisiro apo vanhu vakambopfigwa vanogona kurumbidza pamutemo, kubetserawo kuvakazve chivimbo.

Nguva Inoganhurirwa

Upenyu hwazvino uno hwakazadzwa nezvinodikanwa zvokukwikwidzana.

Sarudzo dzokutora rutivi dzinopfaviswa ndiyo mushonga wakananga zvikurusa. Maguta mazhinji zvino anogovera chiverengero chinodokuva kupinda misangano kupfurikidza neFlar kana kuti zvikuva zvakafanana, namarusando akarekodwa anowanika nokuda kwokuona gare gare. Dzimwe nharaunda dzakatanga zvishandiso zvokushandisa zvinopa mashoko zvisina kutsarukana, zvakadai sezviteshi zvetsinhiro zvepaIndaneti zvinoramba zvakazaruka kwamazuva kana kuti mavhiki pamberi pechisarudzo. Eugene, "Eugene’s Eugene" chikuva chinobvumira vagari kuti vapindurire kutaura pamusoro pechinjo panguva ipi neipi, nemhinduro dzinodzokororwa uye dzinogoveranwa namaro.

Zvirongwa Zvokukunda Zvipingamupinyi

Nzira yakakwana inobatanidza dzidzo, marongedzero, uye kuchinja kwemiitiro. Nzira dziri pasi apa dzinotorwa mumapurogiramu anobudirira muUnited States mose nokune dzimwe nyika.

Dzidzo Nokuchinja

Dzidzo yenzanga inobudirira inovamba pakuvamba uye inopfuuridzirwa kusvikira kuukuru. Zvikoro zvinofanira kubatanidza kudzidza kwokunyepedzera − kwakadai sasarudzo dzokunyepedzera, hurumende yavadzidzi ine simba chairoiro rokuita zvisarudzo, uye zvirongwa zvokudzidza basa zvine chokuita nenhau dzomunzvimbomo. Nokuda kwavakuru, maraibhurari namakoreji omunzanga zvinogona kugovera mashopu asingapiti ayo anotsanangura nzira yokubatanidzwa nayo namabhodhi omunzvimbomo, tsinhiro dzavose, uye rondedzero dzemari.

Nhimbe dzokuroverera pasuo dzinogovera mashoko omunhu oga pamusoro penzvimbo dzokuvhota kana kuti nguva dzemisangano dzakaratidzwa kuva dzinowedzera ne 5-10 muzana. Mapepa enhau anotumirwa, uko vazvipiri vanobva munzanga imwe cheteyo vanokurudzira kutora rutivi, uyewo vanopfuura mapositimendi makuru. Masangano akafanana neiCbictures anopa chikoro nemitambo zvinoita kuti venzanga vapinde muchikoro, nepo Vote.org inogovera zviyeuchidzo zvokunyoresa uye nzvimbo yokuvhotera vapa nokutumira mashoko.

Kuwana Mashoko Kunofambirana Nawo

Hurumende namasangano ehurumende zvinofanira kutevera muenzaniso wokugovera mashoko ose avose. Ikoku kunoreva kugovera zviri mukati kwete bedzi pawebsite napanhepfenyuro asi kupfurikidzawo nezviziviso zvakatsikirirwa, zviziviso zvebasa ravose, uye kubatira pamwe nezvitoro zvomunzvimbomo kana kuti marandromat. Tsitsi dzemitauro yechisere dzokurava mukuwirirana nemiraudzo yetsika yokurava neaundida kunyorwa kwemahrobho.

Makambani ezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu anogonawo kuita basa. Masimba e "Cbivic Information API" anobatsira vashandisi kuwana nzvimbo yavo yokuvhota, kunyoresa kuti vavhote, uye kuona matanho. Kana akabatanidzwa nemashoko omunzvimbomo, maturusi aya anogona kubudisa mashoko anokosha zvikuru. Akadai se "Kota yeguta rako inovhota parugadziridzo runokarakadzwa papaki Chipiri chakatevera" zvino.

Masangano Okutsigira

Kugovera tsigiro inooneka inobvisa mhinganidzo dzinoshanda. Kutarisira vana mukati memisangano, zviteshi zvezvokufambisa, uye zvokudya zvinotsamira nokuda kwavatori vemibato yakaderera kuderedza ndyiko yevimbiko. Mamwe maguta akaita purogiramu dze "vamiriri" dzinobhadhara vagari vanobva munharaunda dzinomirira kudzokera kumisangano uye kushuma kuvaenzani vavo. Ikoku kunotsiva vanhu kwenguva yavo apo vanovaka pombi yevatungamiriri venguva yemberi.

Somuenzaniso, kuungana kweCitizen University kwe "Civic Mugovera" kunobatanidza tsika yehurumende netsigiro inoshanda((mutarisiri wevana, zvokudya, uye vatambi vanovimbisa kuti vatsva vanonzwa zvakanaka. Kupa aya mabasa zviratidzo zvokuti ukoshi hwesangano hunobatanidzwa zvakakwana kuisa mahuri.

Kudzidza Kudzidza Tsika

Vakuru vakuru veCovic, vashandi, uye vazvipiri vanoda kurovedzwa kuziva ndokukurira mirangariro yavo vamene. Rovedzo yetsika inofanira kufukidza nzira yokugadzira nayo mafomu emisangano anobatanidza ose (muchirevo, kushandisa mabhii anotenderera panzvimbo pemharidzo dzomutoo wokudzidzisa, kugovera maheadetting), kuziva kuziva microgists, uye kuvaka chivimbo nenzanga dzakakuvadzwa nenhau nechiito chehurumende.

Kuzvidavirira kunoramba kuchiitika kunokosha. Maguta akafanana naMinneapolis akatanga mahofisi ezvibvumirano zvekuronga kunyoresa kwavose kuhwirudzura gadziriro dzose dzokuva nechokwadi chokuti vanosvika vanhu vakasiyana - siyana. Apo kuvimbisana kunoratidza mipata inopfuurira, hofisi inogona kurumbidza gadziridzo / dzakadai sokuendesa misangano kunguva yakasiana kana kuti nzvimbo. Zvisarudzo zvinopedzwa.

Kukodzera Kuenzana

Kuvhota kunobatanidza kutsigira kunyoresa kwokuzvidira, kudzorera kodzero dzokuvhota kuvanhu vakambopfigirwa, kufutunura pakuvamba netsamba yokuvhota, uye kuva nechokwadi chemari inobhadharwa yakaenzana nokuda kwesarudzo. Panzvimbo ino, kutsigira kunyorwa kwemitemo kana kuti kuvhota kwakarongwa kunogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti mirangariro mishomanene ine tsaona yakanaka.

Vagari vanogonawo kusunda nokuda kwe "mari yokushandisa," muitiro umo vagari vanosarudza zvakananga nzira yokushandisa nayo chikamu chemari yemisika. Kubatanidzwa Kwokubhangiswa kweNew York City kwakagovera anopfuura mamirioni $300 (Z $34 000) chifo chokuvamba kwaro, nokuvimbisana navagari vemo vasati vambotaura pamusangano weguta. Apo vanhu vanoona mubato wavo unotungamirira kumiuyo inooneka yakadai senzvimbo itsva yokutambira kana kuti magetsi emugwagwa akavandudzwa.

Kupindura Nokupfava

Sarudzo dziri kure hadzichaendi kunzvera; dzinokosha. Misangano yehwaro inobvumira zvose zviri zviviri muse-person navanodokuva vapindi, yakabatanidzwa namasaibhurari akarekodwa nenhambo dzetsinhiro dzakanyorwa, ine nhevedzano yepurogiramu. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzakatanga "rugwaro kudare" mabasa umo vagari vanonzvera zvinhu zvekurukurirano parunhare rwavo uye vanotumira murangariro wokukurumidza kuboka rinoita zvisarudzo.

Kubatanidzwa kwemichina kunodawo kuvhara mukaha wemichina. Maraibhurari nenzvimbo dzenzanga zvinogona kugovera chikwereti chapachena Wi-Fi, marapy, uye tsigiro yezvoruzivo rwokuwedzera mukati menhambo dzetsinhiro dzavose. Dare reMitemo reU.S. "Digal Service pa10" rinonangidzira mishumo yehurumende yakabudirira kushandisa zvimiro zvemitauro mirefu yepaIndaneti, zvichideredza nguva yainoda kupa tsinhiro yavose kubva pamaminitsi 30 kusvika pasi pe5(8) uye mwero inozviisa pasi pemapfupi ne 400%.

Kufambira Mberi Kunofambira Mberi uye Kuchinja Kunofambira Mberi

Kukurira mhinganidzo hakusati kuri basa rimwe asi musengwa unopfuurira. Masangano anofanira kuronda vagari vemo vanotora rutivi nomutoo wakakomba(nemhaka yedzinza, mari, mutauro, zera, uye mugariro wourema) uye anoisa zvipfuro chaizvo zvokuvandudza. Mishumo yegore negore "Utano hweChivic", kufanana neiyo yakabudiswa neNational Conference on Citiganity, inogovera chiratidzo chefambiro mberi. Kana mikaharo ikapfuurira, vatungamiriri vanofanira kudisa kuedza mitoo mitsva uye miregerekidzo isati ichishanda.

Uyewo, kuvaka tsika yokuitawo chimwe chinhu kunoda kuhwina mibayiro miduku. Dare romunharaunda rinokwevera nokubudirira vapindi 30 venguva yokutanga kumusangano kushambadza kwakafanira.Kugoverana nhau dzokuti kutora rutivi kwakatungamirira sei kuchinjo yakanaka / zvakadai somurindi mutsva anoyambuka pamharadzano dzine ngozi kana kuti pawebsite yeguta rine mitauro yakawanda − kunokwevera vamwe kuti vabatane nayo.

mhedziso

Mhinganidzo dzokuita rutivi rwehurumende dzakatangira zvikuru mukuvakwa kwezvisakarurama, asi hadzina kukurira. Nokushandisa dzidzo, kuumba ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rusingachinjiki, uye kutsigira vaya vanoruda zvikuru, nzanga dzinogona kuswedera pedyo nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu uko inzwi riri rose rinenge richibata. Gadziriro dzakarongwa pano hadzisi rondedzero ye(whio) dzakaedzwa mumaguta namataundi munyika yose, zvichiwedzera zvikuru kuvimbisana. Basa rinoda kupfuurira, pfuma, uye kuda kuteerera avo vave vari kuregeredzwa kwenguva refu. Asi mubayiro wacho (*a anowanika, anogamuchira, uye nzanga inogamuchira) wakafanirwa nenhamburiko iri yose.