Basa raGavhuna Mukudzivirira Uduku uye Kuchinja Mutongi

Denho youtsotsi hwepwere nokubudirira kwegadziriro dzeruramisiro dzepwere zviri kunetsa zvikuru nokuda kwezvigaro muUnited States. Nepo misoro yenhau inowanzonangidzira ngwariro pazvinoitika zvikuru, basa rezuva nezuva rokuderedza nokugadza vakuru vemasangano makuru. Kururamisa kwavo kunopesvedzera zvakananga kuti zviuru zvavanhu zvinowana sei ruramisiro uye kana vane mukana wapachokwadi wokuchinja upenyu hwavo. Nyaya ino inonzvera vatongi vane nzira dzechirongwa chemari chakasiyana - siyana dzokushandisa utsotsi hwepwere, kubva pakupindira kwokupindira kwechiito negadziriro dzokudzivirira nokugadza zviremera zvemitezo yesangano guru. Kuedza kwavo kunopesvedzera zvakananga kuti zviuru zvavanhu zvinowana sei ruramisiro uye kana vane mukana wapachokwadi wokuchinja upenyu hwavo.

Kuisa Mitengo Yokutanga: Zvinokonzera Kutanga

Nzvero yapanguva ino inoratidzira nguva dzose kuti mutoo mukurusa wetapuro nemupimo wokuderedza utsotsi hwepwere uri kuhudzivisa kuitika pakutanga. Gavhuna mumativi ose ebato vakatsigira nenzira inowedzera gadziriro dzokudzivirira idzo dzinokurukura zvinhu zvinozivikanwa zvengozi nokuda kwomufambiro wokusindimara: urombo, nhamo, kushaikwa kwemienzaniso yavakuru yakananga, kuderera kwendangariro, uye utano hwendangariro. Zvirongwa izvi hazvisi mabasa enzanga chete.

Kushanyira Musha Netsigiro Yemhuri

Pamusha pamavambo pemisha inoshanyira purogiramu dzechiduku, dzakadai seMonist- Family Partership, ine zvisakiso zvakasimba zvokuderedza kusungwa kwapashure pakati pavana vanoberekwa mumhuri dzakakwirira. Gavhuna muruwa dzakadai seColorado neMichigan vakakudza aya mapurogiramu anoshandisa mari yehurumende pamwe chete nezvipo zvinowirirana nehurumende. Kupfurikidza nokutsigira vabereki vatsva neshanyo dzoukoti, kusimudzira kukura kwavana, uye batano nepfuma dzenzanga, idzi nhano dzinoita kupfuudzira kwapakati pezvinhu zvine ngozi zvinotungamirira kukushatiswa. Kuziva kubva kunhambo kwenguva refu kwezvidzidzo kunoratidza kuderera kukuru mumufambiro woutsotsi pazera ramakore 15 pakati pavana vane mhuri dzakagamuchira kupindira kwakadaro.

Pashure Pechikoro Nepurogiramu Dzezhizha

Maawa pakati pa3 p.m. na 6 p.m., zvikurukuru pamazuva echikoro, ndiwo utsotsi hwepwere hunowedzera. Vachiziva izvi, magavhuna akawanda akashandisa gadziriro dzokudzidza dzehurumende pashure pechikoro nechirimo idzo dzinogovera purogiramu dzokutarisira, kupfumisa, uye kuvaka unyanzvi. Somuenzaniso, Nhevedzo yeCalifornia yeDzidzo yeChikoro neSafety Program inoshanda mazana ezviuru avadzidzi netsigiro yedzidzo yechikoro, unyanzvi, uye nhandara. Gavhuna kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanona purogiramu dzedzidzo yehurumende kana kuti zviteshi zvinopa mibatanidzwa yezvirongwa izvi, zvibvumirano zvinobatsira zvikuru nemasangano anotsigirwa nenzanga. Mugumisiro wacho ndewose: Upwere hunochengetwa mumhoteredzo dzakakotsekana, dzinobereka zvibereko, uye zvinokukwikwidza kukwidza kwemiitiro yokusateerera.

Kutanga Kuva Mufundisi

Gavhuna kazhinji kazhinji vanosimudzira zvirongwa zvokupa mazano muhurumende yose zvinobatanidza papwere nevazvipiri vakarovedzwa. Masangano akafanana naBig Serves Big Nonschers of America anowana mari munyika dzakawanda kuti afutunure mumwe kukudzidzisa. Nzvero kubva kuHofisi ye Juvenile Justice naDelinquise Treatel Prevention (OJDP) inoratidzira kuti kusanopa mazano kunoderedza bviro yokushandisa mirimo uye mufambiro wamasimba masimba. Gavhuna vakashandisawo simba ravo rakabatana kumisangano yezano, vawandi avaridzi, uye vatsigiri venhau dzebudiriro kukurudzira kubatanidzwa kwemasekete.

Kuchinja Ruramisiro: Kubva Pakurangwa Kuenda Kukudzorwa

Muenzaniso wegamuchidzanwa weruramisiro yepwere, iyo yaiwanzoratidzira miitiro yedare ravakuru routsotsi, yakazivikanwa zvikuru sechinoparira njodzi. Kuvhara vanhu vaduku nokuda kwemhosva duku kungavakuvadza, kuvaratidzira kuvapa mhaka dzakakomba zvikuru, uye kudzongonyedza dzidzo nezvisungo zvemhuri (kazhinji kazhinji kunowedzera bviro yokugumbura munguva yemberi. Gavhuna vakatungamirira kukura kwokuvandudza kunoparira kugadziridza, dzimwe mitoo inotsigirwa nenzanga, uye nhevedzano.

Kuwedzera Nguva yeDare Remhosva

Chimiro chikuru chokuchinja chave chiri choku “simbisa zera,” kuvimbisa kuti 17-makore 18 enguva dzose zvinotarisirwa pakutanga mugadziriro yavana panzvimbo pokungopa mhaka sevakuru. Nyika dzakadai seNorth Carolina, New York, uye Vermont dzakapfuudza mutemo, kazhinji kazhinji kutsigira, kubvisa vachiri kuyaruka vakura mumatare avakuru. Iyi mitemo inoziva kuti kukura kwouropi hwavaduku kunopfuurira kupinda mumakumi maviri okuvamba, uye kuti vanhu vaduku vazhinji vanodzorwa nokudzorerwa. Kudzorwa kwave kwakajeka kwakajeka: kuiswa mumajeri makuru, reciodhu, uye mutengo kubva kumatare avakuru, kurapwa kwapamhitwa. [FOLD:] National Conference of State State of Station of Scture (NC) [FFF] zvino anotaura kuti nhambo nenhambo nenhambo yezera revi 17 kana kuti iko.

Zvirongwa Zvokuchinja Zvinhu uye Zvinotsiva Kukanganwa

Gavhuna vakatsigira zvirongwa zvinofutunurwa zvinodzivisa pwere kugadzirwa kwedare repamutemo. Diversion ingabatanidza madare edare evachiri kuyaruka anozvidavirira munzanga, kana kuti misangano yeruramisiro umo pwere inosangana nenyajambwa nemitezo yenzanga kugadzira kuvadziko. Kurumbidzwa kunobva kumasangano akadai se JDD’S Model Guide Guide inodudzwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji. Nyika dzakawanda dzakaisawo zvimwe zvinotsiva kutorerwa kwomutongo, zvakadai sokusunungurwa kwemichina yemagetsi, kana kuti kutarisira kwokuchengetedzwa kwakakotsekana panzvimbo pekuchengetedzwa. Izvi zvinoderedza migumisiro inowirirana yokuchengetwa kwechikoro, kurasikirwa namabasa, kana kuti kurasikirwa nemhuri, kana kuti kuchengetedzwa dare ripo.

Utano Hwendangariro Nokurapa Kusingashandisi

Chikamu chikuru chepwere mugadziriro yeruramisiro yepwere yakada utano husingadzorwi. Gavhuna vakasundira nokuda kwokubatanidza kuongororwa kwepfungwa nokurapwa mukuvakwa kwepwere. Mumaruwa saTexas neOhio, zvirango zvevakuru zvakada kuti pwere dzose dzipinde mugadziriro yacho kuti dziwane dzidzo yenhamo. Kutenga nokuda kwemirimo yendangariro yakavakirwa panzanga, sezvinopesana nokutsamira pakuiswa kwenzvimbo dzokugara, zvave zviri chinhu chokutanga. Vatongi vakashandisawo Médidid raiters kufutunura kurapa kunotevedzerwa, kwakadai seMiltrasystemic Commentatry and Fomical Familical Commentaloguement, uko kwakaratidzirwa kuderedza kuiswazve kwemiitiro yendangariro ne 30%.

Kushandiswa Kwomutemo Negadziriro Yenzanga

Vatongi vakatanga matanho anochinja mashandiro anoita mapurisa nevechiduku, kazhinji vachinyanya kusimbisa kuderedza kuchengetedzwa kwemitemo, kururamisira kwetsika, uye kuvimbisana kwevechiduku.

Masangano Ehurumende Nevakuru Vakuru Vezviwanikwa zveChikoro

Kuvapo kwamapurisa muzvikoro kwave kuri musoro unomutsa nharo, asi magavhuna akawanda ari kushanda kuvandudza basa raMakurukota eSchour Arefner (SS) kuitira kuti vanangidzire pakuvaka ukama nokudzivisa kusungwa panzvimbo pokusunga zvikamu zviduku. Kurovedza vaSRO mukukura kwevachiri kuyaruka, kuita mamiriro ezvinhu okukuvara, uye miitiro yokuvandudza inodikanwa nenzira inowedzera nemirairo yenyika. Vatongi munyika dzakadai saMaryland naConnecticut vakatsigira mutemo kuganhurira kusungwa muzvikoro nokuda kwemhosva duku dzakafanana nomufambiro wakaderera, vachitungamirira vakuru vakuru kuti vashandise unyanzvi hwokutarisira chikoro kana kuti vagove vapi vezano panzvimbo pezvo.

Masangano Epwere Anonyengera

Magavhuna anoverengeka akagadzira madare epwere anopa vechiduku − kubatanidza avo vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwomunhu oga mugadziriro yeruramisiro(a inzwi rakananga mukurukurirano dzemiitiro. Masangano aya anosangana nguva dzose navashandi vagavhuna, anogovera mhindu pamutemo unokarakadzwa, uye rovedzo yegadziriro dzepwere dzokuronga. Kupfurikidza nokupinza mubatanidzwa wepwere, magavhuna anovimbisa kuti mapurogiramu ari kugamuchira zvinodikanwa chaizvoizvo zvenzanga. Somuenzaniso, Juvenile Juvisol Advisory Committee yeWashington inobatanidza mitezo yepwere iyo yave inobatanidzwa mugadziriro yetsika, uye mirangariro yavo yakatungamirira ku chinjo mukupfigwa kwomubatirwo umo mabasa anogoverwa.

Gadziriro Dzokupindira Kwamasimba Masimba Munzanga

Mumaguta ane masimba masimba epwere akakomba, magavhuna akatungamirira pfuma kumitoo yamasimba masimba inotsigirwa nenzanga. Iyi purogiramu inoshandisa nhume dzinodavikanwa ne(cVI). Kazhinji kazhinji vaichimbova vapari vemhosva) , uye kumira kudzongonyedza mativi ose okutsiva. Rwinolence Intervention nePrevention Program yeCalifornia, yakatsigirwa nebhajeti yehurumende, yakatsigira nhamburiko dzomunzvimbomo dzeCVI mumaguta akadai seOkland neLos Angeles. Vanamakuru vakabatanawo neCVI kurovedzorwa nebasa uye mikana yedzidzo, vachiziva kuti basa rakatsigarira kuutsotsi. Ufakazi hunopfupikisa nero yemari, [[FLT] , hunosanotsigira kuti purogiramu dzeCLTCCCC dzinogona kuderedza kupfumbadzira no 3050%.

Dzidzo Nokubudirira Mubasa: Nzira Dzinoenda Kubudiriro

Gavhuna vari kubatanidza kuchinja kweruramisiro yevechiduku nedzidzo uye mitemo yevashandi kuti vatange nzira dzakajeka dzokuti vechiduku vabudirire.

Nzvimbo Dzinochengeterwa Mhosva Nokupora Kwochikwereti

Pwere zhinji dzinosungwa kana kuti dzinobatanidzwa nematare dzinokundikana mudzidzo uye dzingarega. Gavhuna vakatsigira kutsigira dzimwe nzira dzedzidzo, dzakadai senzvimbo dzinodzorwa, dzinopa rudungwe rwakapfava, kunaya kwechikwereti, uye kurovedzwa mabasa. Dzimba idzi dzinowanzoshandiswa nepurofiti kana kuti makoreji enzanga muukama neruwa rwechikoro. Oregon’s Reengageragement Program, somuenzaniso, dzinobvumira 16 kusvika ku21 wemakore okukura avo vakasiya chikoro kana kuti vari pangozi yokurasikirwa kuti vawane dhipuroma kana kuti GED apo vanenge vachigamuchirawo masangano ebasa. Dhimoni dzinobatanidzwa dzinova nemhesvomheswo yema dzinova neadhisikito dzakafanana navaka purogiramu dzakadaro.

Basa Repwere Nezviito Zvinobetsera

Gadziriro dzebasa dzepwere dzomuzhizha (SYEP) dzakaratidzwa kuderedza kusungwa kwamasimba masimba kupfurikidza nokukurudzira ruzivo rwebasa negadziriro. Gavhuna vehurumende vakashandisa mari yehurumende kuwedzera kusimudzirwa kwevashandi vehurumende kuti vawedzere SYEP mikana yeSYEP nokuda kwepwere dzechiringi. Zvirongwa zvebasa zveNew York City SYEP (SYEP) zvinotsigirwa nemari yehurumende nemari inotsigirwa nehurumende. Mugore rechirimo rimwe nerimwe, magavhuna anotsigira mapurogiramu epwere dzinonyoreswa muminda dzakadai sezvoutano, ruzivo rwokugadzira mashoko, uye kutengeserana kwamano. Izvi zvinobatanidza mirayiridzo yekirasi nokurovedza vanhu vaduku nerovedzo inobhadharwa panzvimbo inobhadharwa pamutemo kuti vazvipfumirire. Mumaruwa akafanana neSouth Carolina, hofisi yehurumende inoshanda zvakananga namasangano ehurumende dzechiduku munzvimbo dzamabasa adzorororo

Kusarudza Zvisarudzo Zvemashoko uye Kuzvidavirira

Kudzora kunobudirira kunoda kuziva mabasa. Gavhuna vakapinza gadziriro dzemazita dzinoronda pwere dzinoguma dzichipfuura nomururamisiro, dzidzo, uye masangano avanhu. Masangano aya anobvumira vaiti vemiitiro kuzivisa kusiyana, kuongorora kushanda kwepurogiramu, uye kuisa zvinhu kugadziriro dzinobudirira zvikurusa.

Mabhodhi Akanyorwa Mitauro Yeruramisiro

Gavhuna vanoverengeka vakatanga mabudi anooneka pachena mabhodhi anokosha eruramisiro yavechiduku, zvakadai semwero yokusunga, kupfiga, kutsiva, uye rudzi. Juvenile Justice Distboard, somuenzaniso, yakagadziridzwa uye inobatanidza kuputsika neruwa, zera, mhedzi, uye mugumisiro. Uku kujeka kunoita kuti masangano azvitsigire nokuda kwechinjo apo mamiriro ezvinhu akasiiwa. Gavhuna vakashandisa aya mabhodhi eweti kuti varopoti aronge vavariro dzakananga, dzakadai sokuderedza nhamba yepwere mukusungwa panosvika makore 20%, uye vanogona kushuma kufambira mberi kudare rehurumende uye vanhu vose.

Kukoshesa Kusarurana Kwemarudzi Nemadzinza

Denho inopfuurira mururamisiro yepwere kuratidzirwa kwepwere dzemavara panhambo iri yose. Magavhuna akawanda akazvipira kukurukura iyi paradzano kupfurikidza nemirairo yavakuru vakuru iyo inoraira kuunganidzwa kwedzinza kana kuti dzidzo, inoda rovedzo yefungirano yakakwana nokuda kwavashandi vose veruramisiro, uye mari inoshandiswa nokuda kwepurogiramu dzinobatira kubvisa nzanga dzinotapurwa nenzira inodzorwa. MuMinnesota, simba ragavhuna remitemo yepwere rinochinja ruramisiro rakapa rumbidzo dzokugumisa kukwidzwa kwe 14 namakore 15 mudare ravakuru uye kutsausa pwere nemhosva dzakaderera mumapurogiramu enzanga.

Kupa Uchapupu

Gavhuna vakachinja kupiwa mari kweruramisiro yepwere kubva pakungoshandisa mari inodzorwa kumari inoitirwa makwikwi kusvikira kumipiro yakavakirwa paufakazi hwokubudirira. Zvikamu zvizhinji zvehurumende zvinoda kuti gadziriro dzokugamuchira mari dzehurumende dziitwe panzvimbo inoenderera mberi youfakazi, kubva pakuvimbisa kubvumikisa. Somuenzaniso, Dare remhuri naVana Rokutanga reOhio rinopa mari inopa kutsigira ufakazi hwekushanyira musha uye kupindira kwoutano hwendangariro. Uku kugadzikisa kuti mari yakaganhurirwa yehurumende inoiswa mugadziriro dzinoratidzirwa dzekuderedza kugadzirwa kwechidhigiro uye miuyo yepwere.

Mugumisiro: Mubatanidzwa Unokosha Wokutarisirwa Nokuzvidavirira

Vatongi vehurumende vanoshandisa nzira dzakawanda dzokurwisa nadzo utsotsi hwepwere uye kuvandudza ruramisiro yepwere, asi idzi nzira dzinobudirira zvikuru apo dzinobatanidzwa mumativi ose nemasangano nenzanga. Gadziriro dzinodzivirira purogiramu dzinosimbisa mhuri nezvikoro, chinjo dzinotsiva kusungwa kwakavakirwa panzanga, mienzaniso yehurumende inoshandira pamwe inovaka chivimbo, uye dzidzo nemabasa zvinopa mukana chaiwo. Zvikamu izvi hazvisi nhamburiko dzakaparadzaniswa. Zvinoumba mamiriro ezvinhu akakwana anoona pwere seanokwanisa kuchinja uye akafanirwa nokutsigira. Gavhuna vakatungamirira nenzira inobudirira munzvimbo ino nokubudirira kwazvo kupfurikidza nokushandisa vatendi vokwa kwakasiyana - siyana, kuisa mari muruzivo rwenhau uye kunzvera, uye kuchengeta ngwariro panzvimbo inotevedzerwa. Sezvicho uchapupu hunopfuurira kukura uye zvinetso zvitsva zvinobuda mukurwisana kwechiduku pakukwirira kwechikwata chamagariro. Vatongi vakatungamirira nokubudirira kukuita zvinangwa kuti vatove vatove vawane zvinangwa zvikuru.