Muzera ranhasi remitengo, mano okunzvera nokusangwarira nhau namashoko anokosha zvikuru kupfuura nakare kose. Nokuwanda kwamanyuko enhau uye kukurumidza uko mashoko anopararira mumitevedzero yesocial network, nhau dzinobudisa nhau, uye mawebsite anozvimirira, vadzidzi navadzidzisi zvakafanana vanotarisana nedenho huru yokunzwisisa mashoko akavimbika kubva kumashoko asina kururama, kubvisa mashoko, uye mashoko anoparadzirwa. Kukura unyanzvi hwokufunga husingachinji hahusati huchiri hunokosha nokuda kwebudiriro yedzidzo, kuva mugari wemo akaziviswa, uye kugadzira chisarudzo kwomunhu oga. Iyi nhungamiro yakakura inogovera gadziriro huru yokuvaka unyanzvi, kugovera gadziriro dzekirasi, zvishandiso zvokufambisa zvedzidzo kuti zvifambise nyika dzazvino uno nokuvimba.

Kunzwisisa Kudzidza Mashoko

Kuziva mashoko kukwanisa kuziva, kuziva, kuyera, uye kushandisa mashoko. Unyanzvi uhwu hwakatangwa kuti hufambe nokufamba munhau dzakawanda uye dzinowanzomo--monepa paIndaneti. Kupfuura kungowana manyuko, kugona kunyora mashoko kunoda kuongorora kuti mashoko anenge anyorwa, chinangwa, uye kuvimbika kwechinhu chose chatinosangana nacho. Sangano reCollege & Research Library (ACRL) rinorondedzera mashoko okudzidza semashandiro akarongwa eunyanzvi okuwana mashoko, kunzwisisa kuti mashoko anoitwa sei uye anokosha sei, uye kushandiswa kwemashoko mutsika pakugadzira zivo itsva. Kuwedzera uku kunosanganisira chinhu chinokosha chinosanganisira chinhu chinoverengeka chinoshanda pamwe chete kuti pave nokusvika pamwe chete pakuongorora chero chinhu chipi zvacho kana kuti chirondedzerwe.

Kuziva Kudikanwa Kwamashoko

Nhanho yokutanga mukudzidza mashoko ndeyokubvuma kuti pane mukaha uri muzivo yako uye kuti unoda mashoko akavimbika kuti uazadzise. Uku kuzivikanwa kunowanzovapo apo unosangana nomusoro mukuru wenhau unoratidzika kuva unokatyamadza zvikuru kuva wechokwadi, nhamba inopesana nezvawaifunga kuti waiziva, kana kuti purogiramu yesociation inoita kuti utaure chinhu chinoshamisa. Panzvimbo pokungobvuma mashoko acho, mirai ndokubvunza kuti: "Ndinombozivai chaizvoizvo pamusoro uyu?

Kuziva Manyuko Anonyengera

Haasati ari manyuko ose akasikwa akaenzana. Kuyera kunotsamira pamipimo yenhau yakadai semipimo yechinyorwa, unyanzvi nochinyorwa chomunyori, kuvapo kwenongedzero, uye mukurumbira wenzvimbo yose. Masangano enhau anotanhamariswa akadai seReuters, iAssociated Press, uye BBC anochengeta idi chairo. Mamagazini nesangano ehurumende zvinorangarirwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kuva zvakakwirira. Zvisinei, kunyange kubudisa kwakavimbika kunogona kuita zvikanganiso kana kuti kuratidzira shatiso, naizvozvo kuyambuka Shingaradzo inosara inokosha. Chinoto chinobetsera ndicho “nzira yokurava chapa pamutemo”: kuzarura tab itsva uye kunzvera pamberi pokuvimba nezvayo. [FLD] Projectivestion [FP][FPT]

Kuderedza Kushanda Kwemashoko

Kushanda zvakanaka kunoisa muruoko rusina kunyorwa asi kunonangidzira zvikuru pakutaura chaikoiko mukati menyaya kana kuti mushumo. Bvunza: Ufakazi hunopiwa here? Ko manyuko makuru anodudzwa? Unogona kuwana fundo yapakuvamba, mashoko akagadzwa, kana kuti bvunzurudzo yenyanzvi inotsigira kutaura kwacho? Cherekedza mireza mitsvuku yakadai samanyuko asina zita, mutauro wemirangariro wakagadzirirwa kunyandura kuita chiito, kana kuti kusavapo kwoufakazi hupi nohupi hunopesana. Mashoko akavimbika anodzivisawo kunzvera kubva kuidi rakazvimirira. Somuenzaniso, kana nhau isingagoni kutakura munyori parine, kana kuti inotsamira chose chose paari mumwe asingataunzi, kuvimbika kunofungirwa.

Kushandisa Mashoko Nenzira Yokutaura

Kushandisa mashoko kunoreva kupa mbiri yakarurama kumanyuko apakuvamba, kudzivisa kudavira zvinhu, uye kusashatisa maidi kuti awirirane nenhau. Pakugoverana nhau kana kuti nzvero, kubatanidza mashoko kana kuti batano kuitira kuti vamwe vagoronda mashoko acho kudzokera shure kusvikira kumavambo awo. Uyu muitiro hausati uchingovaka bedzi chivimbo asiwo unoparira mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka apo kutaura kunogona kukurukurwa nokusimbiswa nenzira yakajeka.

Mazano Okuparadzira Mashoko

Kushandisa nzira yakarongwa ichakubatsira kusiyanisa mapepanhau akavimbika neanoshandiswa pakuchinja - chinja mamiriro ezvinhu, kugadzira zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakunyora nyaya dzenhau.

Nzvera Manyuko

Nzvera chinyorwa kana kuti website yakabudisa nyaya. Inosanozivikanwa nazvinonyorwa here? Shandisa Wikipedia kana kuti maturusi akafanana Media Bias /Fact Chekero ye kuti udzidze pamusoro pemipimo inoshuma yemanyuko ezvamatongerwe enyika. Chenjera pamusoro pezvisakiso zvenhau zvinotsamira zvikuru pamifungo pasina kunyora mazita azvo, kana kuti nzvimbo dzinotevedzera kutaridzika kwenhau dzepamutemo (g., uchishandisa mazita akafanana neregioti kana kuti nzvimbo).

Kutsvaka Munyori Anokosha

Ndiani akanyora nyaya yacho? Mutori wenhau akavimbika anofukidza sayenzi, somuenzaniso, anowanzova nerovedzo kana kuti ruzivo mukunyora sayenzi. Tsvakai padivi rimwe rine chokuita nenyanzvi yenhau dzakaitika kare, basa rakare, kana kuti zvinobudisa nhau. Nzvera vanyori vanooneka bedzi pamichina isina kujeka kana kuti vane zvibvumikiso zvisingagoni kusimbiswa. Kana munyori ari mufungiri wesayenzi, cherekedza mirangariro inobvira yesangano. Vanyori vanojeka nokunzvera kwokusazivikanwa; vanogamuchira zvidimbudzo zvisina zita kana kuti zvenhema (panhambo nenhambo dzeripidhi refiti) vanofanira kupanikirwazve.

Ongorora Uchapupu

Zvikamu zvenhau zvine chokuita nehuwandu hwenhau zvinotsigirwa nemashoko, mashoko, uye mashoko akaenzana nezvinonyorwa zvinobatanidza mashoko makuru anobva ku(8) manyuko makuru, mishumo yehurumende, magwaro edare, kana kuti mashoko akananga anoshandiswa pakupa. Tsvaka nhamba yemanyuko akasiana - siana kana kuti kana achitsamira panzvimbo imwe chete, ingagona kuva. Somuenzaniso, nyaya inotaura kuti budiriro itsva yezvokurapa inofanira kududza magazini inoonwa uye nenzira yakarurama inobatanidza tsinhiro dzinozvimirira. Kana nyaya yacho ichiita zvokusazivikanwa navose pasina ufakazi hupi nohupi, ipanikire kuva kwayo.

Ziva Bias

Chikamu chiri chose chokunyora chine mwero wakati wekusarura, asi chinokosha kuziva apo rusaruro runoshatisa mashoko. Nzvera mashoko akatutirwa: mashoko akarongedzwa (umr.,” “radical,”“ fraud,” zivisa chimiro chomunyori. Cherekedzawo chakasiiwa / pane mirangariro kana kuti maidi angadenha nhauro? Enzanisa nechinoitika chimwe chetecho mumifungo yakasiana- siyana yezvamatongerwe enyika. [[FLT: 0]] All Sides webs website ye[[[FLT:]] inogovera rutivi rwezvikamu zvinopesana zvenhau dzinobva kuruboshwe, nzvimbo yoruboshwe, yerudyi, uye yerudyi, inobetsera kuti rondedzero yemiitiro.

Muchinjikwa-Dzidzo Mashoko

Usatongovimba namanyuko mamwe. Kusimbisa maidi akaoma nezvikamu zviviri kana zvitatu zvakazvimirira, zvinodavirika. Kana nhau yacho iri yechokwadi, uchawana kuti yakashumwa munzvimbo dzakawanda, kazhinji kazhinji ine udzame husinganzwisisiki. Kana nzvimbo imwe bedzi kana kuti mavhoriyamu akavhara akavharwa, iva anonyumwira. Kudzokororwa kunoshanda kunobatanidzawo kunzvera zvinyorwa zvakadai seSnopes, Fact.Chec.org, kana kuti Politifact. Nzvimbo idzi dzinotaura uye dzinogovera zvisarudzo zvinogona kukurumidza kusimbisa kana kubvisa nhau.

Zvirongwa Zvokufunga Zvinokosha

Nzira dzinotevera dzinogona kushandiswa kwete chete panyaya dzinobudiswa munhau asiwo papfungwa dzinotaurwa nevanhu, matauriro avo, uye zvinobudiswa munhau.

Bvunza Mibvunzo Yakashata

Mutoo weSocrates wokubvunza unosundira mberi kupfuura kugamuchirwa kwemitemo mikuru.

  • Ndiani anobatsirwa nemashoko aya?
  • Munyori anoita fungidziroi?
  • Uchapupu hupi hunopiwa, uye hwakaunganidzwa sei?
  • Pane dzimwe tsananguro here kana kuti zvimwe zvinopikisana?
  • Mamiriro akaita zvinhu zvacho kana kuti mari yaakanyora ingabatsira sei vanhu?

Kunyora mibvunzo iyi nokuipindura nenzira yakarongwa kunogona kuzivisa nzvimbo dzisina kusimba munharo ipi neipi. Nhungamiro yeCritical Eating[[FLT: 1] inopa nhungamiro dzakaisvonaka nokuda kwokubvunza kwaSocratics mumagariro edzidzo.

Nzvera Kutaura Nokuda Kwenhema Dzine Nzwisiso

Kukanganisa kune mufungo izvikanganiso mukurangarira kunosekesa kunaka kwenharo.

  • Ad hominem: kudenha munhu panzvimbo penharo.
  • chinetso chenhema: chinogovera zvisarudzo zviviri bedzi apo zvakawanda zviripo.
  • [[[FT:0] Munhu akashama:[[FT:1] Kushata kumirira nzvimbo yomushori kuita kuti kuve nyore kudenha.
  • [[FT:0] Application kuchiremera: Kunodudza nyanzvi mune imwe nzvimbo isina ukama.
  • Kusarudza: kusarudza bedzi ufakazi hunotsigira mhedziso nepo uchifuratira mashoko anopesana.

Kudzidzisa vadzidzi kuziva nhema idzi kunovashongedzera kuona kupfurikidza nokutaura kwokunyengera.

Funga Nezvemaonerwo Akawanda Anoitwa Zvinhu

Nyaya imwe inowanzoratidza maonero anenge aripo. Nzvero yakasiyana mune zvematongerwe enyika, tsika, kana kuti majangariko. Somuenzaniso, pakuongorora gakava remitemo, verenga mishumo inobva muzvose zviri zviviri Brookings Institution (pakati peruboshwe) uye Heritage Foundation (conservative). Izvi hazvirevi kuti mirangariro yose inoshanda zvakaenzana, asi kunzwisisa pfungwa dzinokubatsira kuumba chisarudzo chakajeka zvikuru.

Funga Nezvemajambwa Ako

Kusimbisa rusaruro(h) ikombamiro yokutsigira mashoko anosimbisa zvitendero zviripo(ndiyo imwe yemhinganidzo hurusa kukufunga kwokutsoropodza. Usati watonga nhau, zvibvunze umene, kuti: “Kana iyi nhau ichitsigira rumwe rutivi rwemirangariro yangu, ndingairangarira nenzira yakasiana here?” Edza kurava nyaya dzinodenha fungidziro dzako ndokurangarira betsero dzenharo. Kuchengeta “magazini yemabhias” uko unocherekedza kuita kwako kwemirangariro kunhau kunogona kuwedzera kuzvirangarira kwako umene munguva.

Kugoverana Vadzidzi Mukurukurirano

Kukurukurirana kwevadzidzi kungaita kuti vataure zvakajeka, vadzivirire nzvimbo nouchapupu, uye vafunge nezvezvisingabvumirwi.

Kupokanidzana Pazviitiko Zvanhasi

Rongai nharo dzakarongwa panhau dzinomutsa nharo. Chipa vadzidzi kuti vaongorore uye vataure zvakasiyana zvingasiyana nemaonero avo.

Kunzverwa Kweboka Kwenyaya Dzenhau

Chikamura kirasi kuva mapoka maduku uye kupa boka rimwe nerimwe nyaya yakasiana pamusoro pechinoitika chimwe chetecho(chinosarudzwa kubva mumabudisi emirangariro yakasiana. Boka rimwe nerimwe rakayera nyaya ichishandisa mipimo iri pamusoro apa (chisaririra, munyori, ufakazi, fungidziro, makwara okuenzanisa namapoka kuti afananidze zviwanwa. Iyi rovedzo inoratidzira zvakajeka kuti nhau imwe cheteyo inogona sei kurongwa munzira dzakasiana zvikuru, ichisimbisa kudikanwa kwemhesano dzekuchinjika.

Magazini Anorangarira

Ita kuti vadzidzi vachengete magazini yevhiki nevhiki apo vanosarudza nhau, vanoipfupikisa, uye vashandise nhano dzokutsoropodza. Vanofanira kucherekedza kuvimbika kwamanyuko acho, kuziva rusaruro rupi norupi, uye kutsanangura chikonzero nei vachiita kana kuti vasingavimbi namashoko acho.

Vakurukuri Vaifamba Vanobva Mumabhuku Nezvinobudisa Nhau

Kokera vatori venhau vomunzvimbomo, vapepeti venhau, kana kuti vadzidzisi vezvinobudisa nhau kuti vataure kukirasi. Idzi nyanzvi dzinogona kugoverana zvinoitika chaizvoizvo zvenyika zvenzira iyo manyuko enhau anobvumikisa nayo nhau, kubata ruramiso, uye kutungamirira mamiriro ezvinhu akaipa etsika. Dzinogonawo kutungamirira zvirongwa pakuziva mapepa akadzika uye kunzwisiswa kwemitengo. Kukurukurirana kwakananga nenyanzvi dzinoita kuti vasabudisa nhau uye vavimbe nemitemo yenhau.

Kushandisa Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nokuda Kwokuongorora

Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zviri pasi apa zvinobatsira munhu kuona kuti zvinhu ndezvechokwadi uye zvinopa nhungamiro yakarongeka kuti aongorore chokwadi.

Mawebsite Anoongorora Chokwadi

Nheyo dzakatsaurirwa_______noongorora masangano anoongorora kutaura kwevhairasi uye kubudisa mitongo ine udzame. Shandisa Snopect nokuda kwengano dzeguta uye runyerekupe paInternet, FactCCOP.org nokuda kwezvidimbu , uye [[FLT:]P] Polict yeU.S. kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika (kunanwa paZvodi [“Zuluwe-Meter]). Nyika dzakawanda dzine chokwadi chadzo.[FLT] .[AV]

Zvikamu Zvokuverenga Nekunyora Nezvinoiswa Pachishandiswa

Maapps anoverengeka akagadzirirwa kubetsera zvikurukuru vashandisi kuyera manyuko. “NewsGuander” kufutunurwa kwechikamu chinoyera (chinowanika nokuda kweChrome, Budge, uye Safari) anoratidza chiratidzo chechiratidzo chenhau iri pedyo nenzvimbo iri yose yenhau(_whidicendic yainowanzovimbwa nayo, tsvuku nokuda kwokusavimbika(ndiro inobatanidza “Nyutaro yeGeneric” inotsanangura nzvimbo yacho, mari, uye miitiro yokupepeta.“ FactStream" aggredies chaich idiclets victures victures zvodiadies dzinobva kumasangano akawanda. Nokuda kwavashandisi vemotokari, B. Dheveror.” (pakuvamba kufutunurwa kweChtmor) inogona kukusvinurira kuzvinhu zvinozivikanwa zvakashata, kunyange zvazvo zvichidikaidzwa kusashandiswa nokungwarira kudzivisa kutaura mashoko enhema.

Kudzokera shure Mashandiro okutsvaka mufananidzo

Mifananidzo namavhidhiyo zvinowanzoshandiswa kana kuti kubviswa pamashoko akapoteredza. Shandisa Google Images kushandura kunzvera mifananidzo (kana kuti Tineye) kuisa mufananidzo ndokuona kwawakambooneka. Ungawana kuti mufananidzo unoshamisa wakanzi “kuramba kutsvakwa kwapashure” wakatorwa makore akapfuura munyika yakasiyana. Nokuda kwamavhidhiyo, maturusi akafanana neINVID (chigadziriso chezvikwaniriso) unobatsira kuyera tsoka kupfurikidza nokunzvera mafiti namafitimeti.

Michina Yokudzidzira PaIndaneti

Masangano akawanda anopa makosi epachena kana kuti akaderera akanangidzirwa zvikurukuru pakurava nhau nokufunga kwokutsoropodza. News Project ye “Cynicology” chikuva [ chinogovera zvidzidzo zvinobetsera nokuda kwavadzidzi vepachikoro chapakati nechepamusoro. Yunivhesiti yeMichigan inopawo kosi chaiyo pa “Mashoko eEvalting” anodzidzisa unyanzvi hunoshanda hwakafanana nokurava nokudziviswa. Kukurudzira vadzidzi (na vadzidzi) kupedza mumwe muchina wapamusoro anogona kugovera fandesheni yakarongwa.

mhedziso

Kukudziridza unyanzvi hwokufunga hunokosha mukuyera nhau nemashoko. Unyanzvi uhwu hunokosha kuvadzidzi vanokura munyika yakazara nemifananidzo. Nokushandisa nzira dzakarongwa muiyi nhungamiro (kubva mumanyuko ane nhevedzano okunzvera uye kusarura kukurukurirano dzekirasi uye sayenzi yezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu na[gconsole] kuongorora midziyo yechikoro (vadzidzisi vanogona kupa vadzidzi simba rokuva vazivisi vemashoko anozivikanwa. Uhwu unyanzvi hunopfuura kirasi: vanogadzirira vanhu vaduku kuti vashande zvinhu zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvemapepanhau azvino uno, vabata rutivi zvine revo redhiokramende, uye vanoramba kudzorwa. Vadzidzi pavanobvunza mibvunzo yokuongorora, kutaura kwokufunga zvavanofunga, havazosimudzira bedzi basa ravo rokudzidza asi kuva vanokwanisa, vanoshandisa vagari vemo vanokwanisa kuita uchapupu hunotendwa munzvimbo dzose dzoupenyu.