Kusarudza inzvimbo inotangira utongi hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, kuchigonesa vagari vemo kuumba hurumende yavo ndokuita kuti vatungamiriri vazvidavirire. Nepo pfungwa huru yokuvhota ingaratidzika kuva yakapfava, vamanikidzi, mitemo, uye mashoko akapoteredza zvisarudzo zvinogona kuva zvakaoma. Iyi nhungamiro inoputsa mashoko anokosha esarudzo nemifungo, ichigovera hwaro hwakasimba nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kana kuti anotora. Kunyange uri muvhoti wenguva yokutanga, mudzidzi, kana kuti mudzidzisi anovaka chidzidzo chehurumende, kuziva izvi zvinokosha kuchakubetsera kufamba nomuchinjikwa upi noupi nechivimbo.

Kusarudza Chii?

Pachinhu chakapfava zvikurusa, kusarudzwa muitiro wakarongwa umo boka ravanhu rinovhota kuti risarudze munhu nokuda kwehofisi yavose kana kuti kusarudza pamubvunzo wemiitiro. Zvisarudzo ndiwo mutoo mukuru wokushandura nawo kuda kwakakurumbira muhurumende inomirira. Zvinoitika pamwero uri wose wehurumende(denderal, State, uye nzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo_aidzo dzinogona kubatanidza mahofisi mamwe, zvigaro zvapadare kana kuti padare, kana kuti zvisarudzo zvakananga pamitemo nemiradzo yebumbiro-mitemo.

Murangariro wesarudzo unovambira shure kuzviuru zvamakore. Athens yekare yakashandisa chimiro chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yakananga uko vagari vemo vakavhota pamutemo, nepo Roman Republic yakasarudza vakuru vakuru vakadai savamiriri navamiririri. Mumiriri wazvino uno wakabuda muzana ramakore rechi 18, zvikurukuru nokutangwa kweUnited States Constitution yetsika yavamiriri vakasarudzwa. Nhasi, sarudzo itsika yenyika yose, kunyange zvazvo ruramisiro yavo, kusvikika, uye perero zvichisiana zvinosiana zvikuru munyika namatunhu.

Kusarudza kunogona kurongwa mumapoka akafara anoverengeka:

  • Sarudzo dzechiCandida: Voters vanosarudza vanhu kuti vave nenzvimbo yavose (mutoo., purezidhendi, gavhuna, meya, mutezo weboka rechikoro).
  • Sarudzo yeSarudzo: Vasarudzi vanosarudza zvakananga pamitemo inokarakadzwa, gadziridzo dzebumbiro remitemo, kana kuti miitiro yavose kupfurikidza nezvirongwa zvekuronga kana kuti zviito.
  • Sarudzo dzomukati: Mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika anoitisa sympomm kana kuti mabudisi okusarudza vatsvaki vavo nokuda kwesarudzo dzavose.
  • Sarudzo yedanho: Majeni anogona kubvisa mukuru akasarudzwa panzvimbo pamberi pokuguma kweshoko rawo, muitiro unowanika mune dzimwe nharaunda.

Mashoko Anokosha Pakusarudza

Kunyoresa Nemari

Kunyoresa kwechikwata chejeta inzira inoita kuti vagari vemo vanyorese kuvhota. MuUnited States, mitemo yokunyoresa inosarudzwa zvikurukuru nomutemo wehurumende, zvichitungamirira kukusiyana kukuru mumisi yakarongwa, mitoo, uye zvinodikanwa. Zvikamu zvizhinji zvinopa kunyoresa kwepaIndaneti, kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero (kubvumira kunyoreswa paZuva reSangano), uye kunyoresa kwokuzviitira paunenge uchifambidzana nemotokari kana kuti masangano enzanga. Mabhuku okunyoresa mashoko ehurumende anoshandiswawo kusimbisa kuvhota muvhota, kuchengeta manyoro akarurama, uye kudzivisa kunyoreswa kana kuti kuvhota kwakaipa. Kukosha kuongorora nguva yako pawakagadzwa pamutemo pamberi pesarudzo.

Balot

Bolot idender , imo muvhoti anonyora zvisarudzo zvavo. Mapepa anoramba ari mafomu anozivikanwa navose uye anosimbiswa, nepo michina yokuvhota yemagetsi inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakawanda. VaBallot vanowanzoronga vanoda kuzoda kuvhota hofisi imwe neimwe, nechisarudzo chokuvhotera pabato kana kuti munhu mumwe. Vanobatanidzawo zviteshi zvebhorati, zviri mibvunzo pamusoro pemitemo inokarakadzwa kana kuti kugadziriswa. Chirongwa chebhorati chinogona kukanganisa zvikuru tsika dzevota; kuvhiringidza marongerwo kana kuti “zvakaita zvokuronga zvinhu zvemariroro". (po vanoda vanotanga kutora mubatanidzwa mubato) vanowana mabumbiro ezvirongwa. Zvinowanzogoverawo mabhiri paIndaneti pamberi pekuvhotera kuti vagadzirire kuvhotera.

Nzvimbo Yokushatisa

Nzvimbo yokuvhota inzvimbo inooneka umo vavhoti vanokanda mavhota paZuva reNzvimbo yokusarudza. Nzvimbo dzokuvhota kazhinji kazhinji dzinogoverwa nenzvimbo yenzvimbo yeruwa kana kuti guta(ndipo dzinowanzova muzvikoro, nzvimbo dzenzanga, machechi, kana kuti zvivako zvehurumende. Kupinda iitiro hanya huru: mutemo wehurumende unoda kuti nzvimbo dzokuvhotera dzisvike kuvhota nerema. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, mamwe maburo akabatanidza nzvimbo dzokuvhotera, kuchitungamirira kunetsa pamusoro pemitsetse mirefu, uye kuderedza kusvika, zvikurukuru munzanga shomanene.

Kutumirwa Kwebasa Nokutumirwa Kwetsamba

Kuvhota kunobvumira muvhoti kuisa chivhoti chake neposi kana kuti bhokisi rokudonhedza panzvimbo pokuoneka mumunhu paZuva roKuvhota. Magamuchidzanwa, kuvhota kwapamusha kwaida pembedzo (muchirevo, kubuda mutaundi, chirwere, kana kuti basa rehondo). Zvisinei, nyika dzakawanda dzakasiirwa ku “kusava nechataro chekoridhei” yaisiiwa kana kuti kusarudza kwose kwamaposi, apo muvhoti ari wose akanyorwa anogamuchira bhora netsamba nenzira yokuzvidira. Kuvhota tsamba kwakura zvikuru, zvikurukuru mukati me Nhengedzero yeCHOVAD, uye kunoramba iri nhau pamusoro pechengeteko nebetsero. Kuvimbisa peperero, kutaura kunoshandisa kusaina kuvhota, mabhineti, mabhineti etsamba, uye mamwe marusarusarukicha.

Electoral College

Electoral College ndiyo gadziriro yechienzi iyo United States inosarudza purezidhendi wayo nemutevedzeri wapurezidhendi. Yakagadzwa muBumbiro reMitemo, inopa chiverengero chimwe nechimwe chavavhoti vakaenzana nemifananidzo yavo yose muCongress (Imba + Dare). District yeColumbia inowanawo vasaruri vatatu. Voters haasaruri purezidhendi wayo zvakananga; ivo vanovhota mapepa avavhoti vanovimbisa kuvhota. Mutengi mukuru wevavhoti (270 kubva muna 538) anowana purezidhendi wenyika yose. Iyi inogona kubudisa muwinwino asingahwinwinyi vhoti yakakurumbira yenyika, sezvakaitika muna 2016, uye kusarudzora kupfuvura kupfuvura kuzhinji. Elector Collegey anoramba ari musoro wenharo yenhanhano dzinopfuurira uye kurukurirano.

Mugadziri Nekadhi

Nzvimbo inzvimbo dukusa yenzvimbo yokuvhota. Nzvimbo imwe neimwe ine nzvimbo inovhota negadziriro yavavhoti vakanyoreswa. Ward imapoka makuru mukati meguta kana kuti nyika, kazhinji kazhinji ane magovho akawanda. Nhevedzo yapakati yenzvimbo inokosha mukunzvera mitoo yokuvhota, kuvhota, uye zvimiro zvenhamba. Vakuru vakuru veIvhoti vanoshandisa miganhu yenzvimbo yezvirongwa zvokushandira zvakadai sekudhinda, migove yavashandi vebasa, uye kuwanda kwevhota.

Gerrymandering

Gerrymandering itsika yokunyora miganhu yeruwa inosarudzwa kuti idivi rimwe kana kuti boka kupfuura rimwe. Shoko racho rinosvika muna 1812 apo Gavhuna weMassachusetts Elbridge Gerry akasaina gadziriro yokushopera yakaumba ruwa rwakafanana nesamarander. Gerrymerdering rinogona kushandiswa ku “madhack” (kutsigira) kutsigira kudarika maruwa akawanda kuti vasagona kuumba voruzhinji, kana kuti“ kuvaisa muruwa rumwe kuti vaderedze simba ravo kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Matare akatonga kuti gerryman adzore kuti gerryderinsfinital, asi mipimo yepamutemo ichiripo. Independetic commentations mudzimwe zvinangwa kuti aderedze gerryman.

Kubuda

Voter reverout ipedzi muzana yavavhoti vakakodzera vanokanda mabhora musarudzo. Turnout inosiana zvikuru norudzi rwesarudzo: Sarudzo dzapurezidhendi dzinoita zvikurukuru kutora rutivi kwakakwirira zvikurusa (panenge pa 60% yavavhoti vakakodzera muU.S.), nepo pakati penhambo nesarudzo dzomunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzinoona mwero yakaderera zvikuru (40% kana kuti miduku). Demographics dzakadai sezera, mari, dzidzo, uye dzinza rinopesvedzera zvakasimba. Nhambudzo dzokuwedzera dzinobatanidza kuvhota, kunyoresa, uye zvirongwa zvedzidzo yehurumende.

Kukweva Nyika Nenyika Yehondo

Hurumende inodzora (kana kuti mamiriro ehondo) ihurumende umo mapoka makuru ose ari maviri ane mukana chaiwoiwo wokuwina sarudzo yapurezidhendi. Nemhaka yeElectoral College, vanoda kuisa ngwariro muzviwanikwa − kufora, nhimbe, kufora kwapasi, mabasa evhuro (pamibato mishomanene yamakwikwidza yakadai seFlorida, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Arizona, uye Georgia. United States iyo inovhotera nguva dzose nokuda kwebato rimwe rinodanwa kuti “masangano akachengeteka” (umr., California nokuda kwaDemocrats, Oklavia for Republicans). Miteo yezvikamu zvemari inogona kutungamirira kumiitiro idzo dzinobetsera nenzira isingadzokidzikidzi dzinobetsera nokufuratira vamwe vanotaura apo dzinofuratira vamwe.

Marudzi Okusarudza

Kusarudza Kukuru

Sarudzo dzamasangano avose itsaru dzokupedzisira, dzakarongwa nguva dzose kuti dzizadze mahofisi avose. muUnited States, sarudzo dzinoitika musi weChipiri wokutanga pashure poMuvhuro wokutanga muna November. Musi uyu wakagadzwa neCongress muna 1845 kuti igadzire nzanga yemabhinya (ichibvumira kufamba pashure pokukohwa asi nguva yechando isati yasvika). Sarudzo yeSarudzo inosarudza kuti ndiani achachengeta nzvimbo nokuda kwenhambo inouya. Vanosarudzawo mugumisiro wezviito zvebolot nebumbiro remitemo. Migumisiro inopupuriro inopupurirwa nevakuru vakuru vakuru veSarudzo vomunzvimbomo, uye vanowana nzvimbo pamusi wakagadzwa, kazhinji muna January.

Kusarudza Kukuru

Sarudzo huru makwikwi ezvikamu zviduku anoshandiswa kusarudza musengwa webato rimwe nerimwe nokuda kwesarudzo yavose. Kune marudzi anoverengeka ezvipringiriti:

  • yavharwa pakuvamba: Vavhoti bedzi vakanyoreswa nebato vanogona kuvhota muchikamu chikuru chebato iroro.
  • vhura chinhu chikuru [: Vashandi vangasarudza kuvhota mubato mukuru wemumwe nomumwe, pasinei zvapo nokunyoresa kwavo vamene.
  • SEMI - open yokutanga[[FLT: 1]: Vavhoti vasina kubhadharwa vanogona kutora rutivi mubato guru ripi neripi, asi mitezo yebato inofanira kuvhota mavo vamene.
  • Pamusoro-paviri pakuvamba: Vanoda kubhapatidzwa vose vanobuda pabhoti rimwe; vavhoti vaviri vapamusoro vanoenda kurusarudzo rwavose, pasinei zvapo nepati.

Mumabhuku echikwata anowanzoshandiswa pakusarudza vanhu, zvinenge zvichinzi kutsvaga vanhu vashoma pane vamwe, kureva kuti kuva nekatsika kaduku asi kane chido kungava nepesvedzero inopfuura yevamwe.

Sarudzo Chaidzo

Sarudzo chaidzo dzinodanwa kuzadza nzvimbo dzisingakarirwi mumahofisi dzakadai seImba yaVamiririri veU.S., masangano emitemo ehurumende, kana kuti nzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo. Zvinoitikawo apo chikumbiro chokuyeuka chinonyandura vhoti. Sarudzo chaidzo kazhinji kazhinji zviitiko zvokudzokororwa zvakaderera, asi dzinogona kuva nemigumisiro inokosha yetsika, zvakadai sokuchinja dzikamo yesimba mukamuri remitemo. Idzo dzinorongwa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira kuti dziva nechokwadi chokuti mumiririri wemitemo.

Kusarudza Kumhanya

Mumativi akawanda, kana pasina mutsigiri anogamuchira voruzhinji (inopfuura 50%) musarudzo huru kana kuti yavose, sarudzo yokudzima inoitwa pakati pavada kutevera vaviri vapamusoro. Runoffs inozivikanwa navose munyika dzokumaodzanyemba nomumadzinza asiri eparatis. Dzinogona kuva dzinodhura ndokutungamirira kukuneta kwokuwedzera. Dzimwe nyika dzakagamuchira kuvhota kwakarongwa (kunonziwo kuvhota kwapakarepo) kuti dzibvise kudikanwa kwokuva vavhota vadzorwi vadzorwi kupfurikidza nokurega vavhotai vedioti uye ipapo vhoti voga vanoramba kubviswa vavhotera kusvikira mumwe mukuru.

Majerencem Nenhano Dzeballot

Izvi zvimiro zvehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu zvakananga zvinobvumira vavhoti kusarudza mibvunzo yetsika.

  • Referendam[[FLT: 1]: Mwero unonongedzerwa kuvavhoti nedare remitemo kana kuti kupfurikidza nechikumbiro chomugari wemo. Ingava vhoti pamutemo uchangobva kupfuudzwa, kukumbira vavhoti kuutendera kana kuti kuuramba.
  • Muitiro ungagona kukarakadza mitemo mitsva kana kuti kugadziriswa kwebumbiro remitemo kupfurikidza nokuunganidza nhamba dzinodikanwa dzesaini pachikumbiro. Kana kusaina kwakakwana kusimbiswa, mwero unooneka pavhoti nokuda kwokuvhota zvakananga.

Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti nhano dzinogona kutsotswa nefariro dzakasanorongwa uye dzingaparira mitemo yakarongwa isina kutsarukana; vatsigiri vanoiona secherekedzo padzimba dzomutemo dzisingagamuchiriki.

Muitiro Wokutakurika

Kunzwisisa nhanho imwe neimwe kunogona kubatsira vavhoti kudzivisa ngozi dzinongoitika dzoga dzoga uye kuva nechivimbo chokutora rutivi kwavo.

  1. Register to Vote: Cherekedza kuti unokwanisa kunyoresa uye kuti unyoresa nenguva yaunofanira kusvitsa. Nzvera kuti unyorese sei paIndaneti kana usina chokwadi.
  2. Kunzvera maCandidate naBallot Mayero: Dzidzai nzvimbo dzavada kubhapatidzwa, marekodhi emikoto, uye kutsigira. Nokuda kwezvipimo zvebhorati, verenga pfupiso yapamutemo nenzvero ipi neipi yakazvimirira. Nhevedzo dzeNonpartin dzinowanika mumanyuko akafanana neChinzwano chaVakadzi Voters.
  3. Sarudza Nzira Yako Yokuvhota: Sarudza kana ungavhota munhu paZuva rorusarudzo, mukati mekuvhota kwapakuvamba, kana kuti neposi (abhisee). Mutoo mumwe nomumwe une mitemo yawo umene nemiganhu. Kumbira koroti yeposi pachine nguva kana icho chiri chisarudzo chako.
  4. [[NHAU: 0] Bheja nzvimbo Yako Yokurova kana kuti Bhokisi rokurasha : Kana kuvhota uri munhu, iva nechokwadi chenzvimbo yako yawakagoverwa, sezvakungachinja pakati pesarudzo. Nyika zhinji dzinopa zvishandiso zvokutsvaka paIndaneti. Nokuda kwokuvhota, tsvaka nzvimbo yebhokisi repasi rehurumende kana ukasarudza kuendesa bhora rako nemaoko.
  5. Kurongedza Ballot Yako: Tevera miraidzo nokungwarira. Papepa repepa, zadza muoval kana kuti matomu. Pamuchina wokuvhota, hwirudzura zvisarudzo zvako usati wadhinda. Kana ukaita chikanganiso, bvunza mushandi wokuvhota nokuda kwomurongi mutsva. Marobhoti anowanika kana pane mubvunzo pamusoro pekuoma kwako; iwaya achaverengwa pashure pokuva nechokwadi.
  6. Track Your Ballot (Kunyora neMatsamba)[FLT: Nyika zhinji dzinogovera mabasa okunyora kufora uko kunokuita kuti uzive apo tsoroto yako inogamuchirwa, inogamuchirwa, uye inoverengwa. Kana bhora rako rikarambwa (mh., nemhaka yesiginicha isina kufanana), ungava nemukana woku “irapa” kupfurikidza nokugovera zivikano yokuwedzera.
  7. Miuyo [[FLT: 1] : Usiku hweSarudzo hunowanzobereka miuyo isiri yepamutemo, asi kutsikirira kwapamutemo kunogona kutora mazuva kana kuti mavhiki nemhaka yokutumira posita, hwirudzuro yegadziriro, uye nudzame. Miuyo yehurumende inopupurirwa nehurumende kana kuti mabhodhi esarudzo omunzvimbomo.

Kunzwisisa Mitemo Yokusarudza

Mitemo yechisarudzo inogadza mitemo nokuda kworutivi rwuri rwose rwomuitiro wevhota, kubva kunaani anogona kuvhota mavhoti. Iyi mitemo inosiana zvikuru nehurumende uye inogona kuchinja gore negore. Nzvimbo huru dzinobatanidza:

  • Zvinodikanwa zveVer: Dzimwe nyika dzinoda vavhoti kupa ID yepikicha (mutoo, raise, raisensi yomutyairi) pamavhoti. Vamwe vanogamuchira maID asingashandiswi kana kuti vanobvumira vavhoti kusaina affidavit. Nhevedzo pamusoro pokudzikamisa chengeteko yesarudzo nokupinda. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti mitemo yemichina yemadhina inogona kuderedza kudzorwa pakati pevoruzhinji navanowana vavhoti.
  • Registration Deadlines: Mitsetse yakafa inovambira paZuva roKusarudza (zuva rimwe chetero rokunyoresa) kusvikira kumazuva 30 pamberi pezvi. United States ine kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetedzo inowanzova nerokuwana bhadharo rakakwirira zvikuru.
  • Mari yeCUPU : Mitemo inodzora kuti vanoda mari yakawanda sei namapoka okunze vanogona kusimudza nokushandisa. Federal Enfation Commission (FEC) inotarisira nhimbe dzehurumende. Mari yerima inobhadharwa namapoka asingazivisi vapiki. Inochengeta nhau inokakavara. Dare repamusorosoro Citaminess United[[FFLT:3] chisarudzo (20) chinobvumira kuparadzwa kusina muganhu kwemari nemasangano.
  • .C. Suctut: Mitanho inobatanidza mabharakiti epepa, kunzvera kwapashure pekuvhota, uye mitemo yeIndaneti yemichina yokuvhota. Dare reEcomment Application Commission (EAC) rinopa nhungamiro, asi kugadzirwa kunosiiwa kudzimwe nyika.
  • Proteateateal Ballots: Kana zita romuvhoti risipo mumarobhoti, kana kuti kana risina idi, vangakanda chitsama chependiro. Kunoverengwa bedzi pashure pokuva neapo kusimbiswa.

Kunzwisisa mitemo yakananga yenyika yako kunokosha.

Basa Remapati Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika ndiwo masangano anotsvaka kupesvedzera hurumende kupfurikidza nokuita kuti mitezo yawo isarudzwe kunzvimbo. MuUnited States, masangano maviri makuru .Democratic and Republican(dominate sarudzo, kunyange zvazvo ari mapoka echitatu, (g., Libertrian, Green, Constitution) avadation. Parities anobetsera kuronga masangano emitemo, uye kuvhota. Vanoshandisawo nzvimbo dzamapuraneti kusarudza manyuminei. Par Convention inowanzobatira senhungamiro pfupi yechipfupiso nokuda kwavhota, asi inotsoropodza kuti inogona kumisa kufunga kwokuzvimirira kana kuti kutungamirira kukushatsa.

Mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika haadudzwi muBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. akabuda nenzira yamaoresa muma 1790 namaFederalists neDemocratic-Republicans. Nhasi, mapati anodzorwa zvikuru mumiitiro yawo yokunyoresa nemiitiro yomukati. Hurumende zhinji dzinoda vavhoti kuti vanyorese somutezo webato kuti vatsigire mubato iroro.

Kugadzirira Kwaungaita Kusarudza

Kugadzirira kunoparadzanisa muvhoti achiziva nowakasununguka. Heano matanho anoshanda okugadzirira kuvhota:

  • Cherechedza kunyoresa kwako mwedzi unenge musarudzo isati yaitwa. Kopinga kuti kero yako, postation, uye nzvimbo yokuvhotera.
  • Onai bhokisi romuenzaniso. Zvikamu zvizhinji zvehurumende zvinotora paIndaneti mapepa paIndaneti mavhiki mashomanene pamberi poMusi Wokusarudza. Dzidza mijaho nezviyero zvichaoneka pabhoti rako.
  • Nhevedzo kudarika kushambadzira kweterevhizheni namabudire enhau dzinobudisa nhau. Tarira pawebsite dzinoda kuteererwa, kurukurirano, uye mirayiridzo yavanasarudzi. Rangarira kutsigira kunobva kumasangano ane mukurumbira wakanaka, asi ngwarira fungira mano akaipa.
  • Pasi pemipimo yezviyero. Izvi zvinowanzova zvirefu uye zvakaoma. Verenga mashoko akazara, kubatanidza zvikamu nenharo. Ngwarira mutauro unotsausa mumashoko ehurumende okupeta.
  • Ronga nguva yako nokuvhota. Kana uvhota uri munhu, edza kufamba mukati memaawa okurega kuvhota (nguva yousiku kana kuti masikati apakuvamba). Kana kuvhota kupfurikidza nepositi, kurumidza kudzosa roti yako kuti udzivise kunonotsa kutuma. Dzimwe nyika dzinoda uchapupu kana kuti rusaiti nokuda kwemirau yamaposi hayo.
  • Ziva kodzero dzako[. Kana ukasangana nezvinetso panhamba, zvakadai semitsetse mirefu, tyisidziro, kana kuti kukundikana kwemidziyo, une maruramiro okukumbira chivhozhokero chegadziriro uye kudana dziviriro yasarudzo isina startis.

Kuzivisa Kodzero Nekuwana

Kodzero muUnited States dzakawedzera zvikuru mumazana amakore apfuura, asi kuwanikwa kunoramba kusina kufanira. Bumbiro remitemo pakutanga rakasiya zvikwaniriso zvokuvhota kuhurumende, kuchitungamirira kukuparadzaniswa kwakapararira kwavakadzi, vanhu vane ruvara, uye varidzi vasina maruramiro. Nhambo huru dzinobatanidza:

  • 15 Endment (1870): Kuramba vhoti yakavakirwa padzinza kwakajeka, kunyange zvazvo mitemo Jim Crow yakapfuurira kudzvinyirira vavhoti vechiBlack.
  • Penjero yeChi 19 (1920): Vakadzi vanobvuma kodzero yokuvhota.
  • Voting Rights Act (1965): Miitiro yokuvhota yakapiwa mutemo sebvunzo dzokunyora nokunyora uye yaida kutarisirwa kwehurumende yedzose nenhau yokusarura. Dare Rapamusoro rakanetesa gadziriro dzinokosha mu Shelby County v. Hoker[[FL:1] [202013]), kuchitungamirira kumuraudzo itsva yokuvhota.
  • Penjero yechi26 (1971): Yakadzikisa zera rokuvhota kuva 18.

Nhasi, nharo pamusoro pemitemo yevhoti, kubviswa kwemapepa evoti, nzvimbo yokuvhota, uye kurashwa kwenhau zvinopfuurira kuumba kusvika. Masangano akafanana ne Brennan Center yeRuramisiro neACLU tsigiro yokuwedzera kusvika pakuvhota. [[FLT:] Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro penhau dzazvino dzokuvhota.

mhedziso

Kunzwisisa mashoko makuru nemirangariro musarudzo kunokushongedzera kutora rutivi mune revoruzhinji. Kuvambira pakunyoresa kwokuvhotera kuElectoral College, kubva paPrigemmalt kusvikira kumipimo yebholota, chinhu chimwe nechimwe chinoita basa mukugoverwa kwesimba nemitemo. Zvisarudzo hazvisi zuva rimwe chete. Zvinotanga nedzidzo nebvumirano. Nokuziva izvi zvinokosha, unogona kuva muvhoti ane ruzivo zvikuru, murevereri ari nani wezvisarudzo zvakanaka, uye mutsiri anoshingaira zvikuru kunzanga yenyu. USAUSA. nokuda kwamashoko ehurumende okuv uye [FLT:]