Ukutshintsha kwemozulu akusesona sisongelo sangoku; kuyinto eyenzekayo ekhawulezileyo nekhawulezileyo kwizixeko ezinqamleza uBukumkani obumanyeneyo. Ukusuka kwimikhukula etshabalalisayo yasemntla ukuya kutsho kwi-tshiswano eMazantsi, iziko ledolophu lase-UK lineziphumo ezithe ngqo zesijikelezi langa. I-Mayres kunye neenkokeli zasekuhlaleni zikwindawo yokuqala yale ngxaki, zisebenza ngokukhusela izigidi zabantu, izibonelelo zezakhiwo, kunye nezoqoqosho zasekuhlaleni. Ukukwazi ukuqwalasela, ukuqhelanisa, ukujwayela, nokuchachachacha kwiziganeko eziphazamisa isixeko. Eli nqaku lihlola indima ephambili yolwakhiyo ekwakhiwa koomatilo-dolophu, uphando olucacileyo, kunye neemeko zelizwe ezibalasemgangathweni zelizwe oluqinisa i-UK, ukumelana nemozulu yendalo.

Ukuqonda Ukuhlala Edolophini Ngemeko Ethile

Ukuzinziswa kwemeko-bume exesheni kungaphezulu kunelifutha nje; kusisakhiwo esibanzi sokusinda nokuphumelela kwixesha lokungazinzi kwemozulu. Kwizixeko ze-UK, ukukwazi ukumelana nemeko-bume, ukumanyana kwentlalo, uqoqosho, kunye nolawulo. Le ngcamango isekelwe kubuchule besixokelelwano sesixeko sokulondoloza imisebenzi engundoqo (njengezothutho, amandla, umthamo wamanzi, unyango, kunye neenkonzo zongxamiseko (ukuqinisekisa kunye nesiganeko esinzima semozulu okanye intlekele yendalo.)

Kutheni oku kungxamisekile kwizixeko ze-UK? I-UK I-UK Change Climate Committee Assessment ye-2023 Independent Committee of UK Climate Disease[ ichaza ukuphuphuma, ukurhoxa kwamanzi, ukuswelaka kwamanzi, nokukhukuliseka konxweme njengeengozi eziphezulu. Imimandla yase-Orban ikhulisa ezi ngozi: imigangatho ephezulu yamanzi, ukunyuka kobushushu besiqithi kunyusa ubushushu be-injini, kwaye abantu ababhinqinileyo babangela iingxaki zokuhamba. Imeko-bume yemeko-bume iqikelele ukuba [[FLT] inye] kwimisebenzi emithandathu eNgilani [[FLT] ikukuphuphuma kwamanzi, kwaye ixabisa iindleko zonyaka ngamnye kwimizi yeemashishini, itshona kwimibhorhorho eerho ehlala ixesha elide.

Iintsika Ezine Zokubuyela Edolophini

Ukukwazi ukumelana nemeko entle yasedolophini kuxhomekeke kwintsika ezine ezixhomekeke kwenye, zonke ezifuna ukhokelo lomphathi - dolophu:

  • ugcino-lwazi lwesiseko: ukwenziwa nokusetyenziswa kwempahla ebonakalayo/iinqanawa ezihamba-hambayo, ibhulorho, ukukhupha amanzi, igridi zamandla, iinkqubo zokulahla inkunkuma/ukumelana neemeko ezimandundu.
  • [[Ugcino-lwazi:0] ugcino-lwazi olukwindawo ebanzi: olunceda abantu babe nolwazi, oovimba, kunye neenxuwa zokunxibelelana ukuxhasana phambi, ngexesha nasemva kwengxaki.
  • [[Ugcino-mali:0] ukukwazi ukumelana nemeko-mali: Ukuhlahlela uqoqosho lwengingqi kunye nokwenza ubuchule bemali (umz., imali yokuzinzisa, amaqula e-inshorensi) anceda ululamo olukhawulezileyo.
  • ugcino-lwazi olukwimo yozinzo: lunika urhulumente wongingqi amandla ngegunya elicacileyo, izicwangciso ezomeleleyo, kunye nobubhetyebhetye bokuqhelanisa nemeko njengoko kuvela izisongelo ezintsha.

Ezi ntsika azisebenzi kwisilos. Udonga olunamandla lokhuselo (isakhiwo) alusebenzi ukuba abahlali abayazi indlela yokufuduka (intlalo) okanye ukuba amashishini akanamali yokufumana indawo ethile (kwezoqoqosho). Abakhweli bame ngendlela eyodwa ukudibanisa le misonto.

Indima Ekhulayo Yemijukujelwa Kwintlekele Elungele Ukufika

Oodolophu be-UK baye baba ngabadlali abanamandla ekucebiseni ukumelana notshintsho, ingakumbi ukususela oko izivumelwano zokuphelisa utshintsho ezadala oomatiloshe be-metro kulawulo oludibeneyo lwezothutho, iindlela zokuyila izindlu, inkqubela yezoqoqosho, kwezinye iimeko kunye nokulungelelaniswa kocwangco olucetyisiweyo longxamiseko. Banetyala kubuchule bokukhetha ubuchule obuchaziweyo kwaye bangenza ngokukhawuleza kunoWhitehall xa kuvela iintlekele zasekuhlaleni.

Noko ke, indima ikho ngaphandle koxinezeleko. Amagxamesi kufuneka alungelelanise utyalo-mali olude lwexeshana lokuzinzisa ugcino-mali ngokuchasene neengcinezelo zezobupolitika zexeshana ukwenzela imisebenzi ebonakalayo. Kufuneka asebenzise ulawulo oluqhekekileyo: amabhunga, amagunya omanyano, iinkonzo zongxamiseko, i-Arhente yemeko-bume, kunye ne-Ofisi yeMet zonke zineembopheleleko ezicalucalucalucalucane. Umbiso olunempumelelo lwakha iminqongo, ukrwelelo olungqubana phakathi koorhulumente kunye nemijelo yemali.

Iimbopheleleko Zommangaleli Ekubathinteleni

  • Ukubona okungaqhelekanga kunye nokhokelo lwenkqubo: Ukumisela indlela ecacileyo, enemabhongo yotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokuzinziswa, isoloko isebenzisa amaxwebhu afana nemeko-bume yesixeko yemeko-bume yemeko-bume okanye ucwangciso lwe-Resilience Forum.
  • [[UMHLA:0] Uhlahlo lwabiwo kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lwangaphambili: Ukugqiba indlela yokusebenzisa imali elinganiselweyo -- kufuneka amadonga amatsha okhukuliseko abe yeyona nto iphambili kunolwandiso lomgca wesitram? Abaqhubi benza olu rhwebo luphunyezwe imihla ngemihla.
  • [[UMTL:0] ukudibana komanyano kunye nonxibelelwano lwasekuhlaleni: Ukusebenzisa iqonga labo ukuphakamisa ulwazi, ukukhuthaza ukulungiselela kwasekhaya, kunye nokuxolelwa ngexesha longxamiseko.
  • Ukuxhasa inkxaso-mali yesizwe kunye namagunya: Urhulumente ophakathi wotyalo-mali kumacebo amakhulu okhukula, ukhuselo lonxweme, kunye nezibonelelo ezinamandla. Imanyano yoRhulumente yengingqi yengingqi yelizwe inika ilizwi elidibeneyo ngezi zicelo.
  • Ukumiselwa kwequmrhu elinqumla amasebe: Ukuhlalisa ukhuseleko lwasekuhlaleni, ukusebenza ne-Arhente yemekobume, iinkonzo zongxamiseko, i-NHS, kunye neenkampani zezentlalo ukuqinisekisa ukudibana kwempendulo.

Imimiselo Efanelekileyo Yokwakha Ubomi Basedolophini

Akukho ndlela inye enokukhusela isixeko kuzo zonke iziganeko eziyingozi, kunoko, oonodolophu kufuneka bathumele igophe elinolwazi olulungele isixeko sabo, inani labemi kunye nemeko eyingozi. Ngapha koko ziyindlela ezisebenza ngayo, kunye nemizekelo ekhokelela kwizixeko ze-UK.

Isakhiwo

Ubunjineli obuqinileyo buhlala bunguvimba wesikhukula nokhuselo lwesichotho. IThames Barrier yeyona nto idumileyo, kodwa izixeko ze-UK zityale izixhobo ezintsha zokhuselo: iinkqubo zokukhupha amanzi angena elwandle ezizinzileyo, imida ekwaziyo ukusetyenziswa, kunye nophahla oluluhlaza olunciphisa umphezulu okhutshwayo. Ngokomzekelo, iBristol, iye yadibanisa i-SuDS kwimisebenzi emitsha yokuphuhlisa, efuna onke amaqhinga amakhulu okulawula imvula kwindawo. Abalawuli baseMaystereseberg naseNtshona York baye baxhasa ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo ezigcina amanzi kunye nokuxhaswa komlambo.

Ngaphaya kwengxolo, isiseko sogcino-mali siquka izakhiwo ezikhusela ubushushu (ezifanele amaphahla aluhlaza, izigqumathelo ezibonisa ukukhanya, kunye nokhupho-moya lwendalo), ukuqinisa imigca yamandla nxamnye nezichotho, nokunyusa imigangatho yendlela nenjali enzima kumathafa anomkhukula. Ixabiso liphezulu, kodwa umonakalo ongenakuthintelwa kwisiganeko esinye esingundoqo ungazifiphaza utyalo lwemali amaxesha amaninzi.

Izakhiwo Eziluhlaza Neziluhlaza

Izisombululo ezisekelwe kwindalo ziqwalaselwa ngokukhula njengezixhobo zokuzinzisa eziziinjongo ezininzi. Iipaki ze-Urban, iindawo ezingamaxhanti, nemithi yendlela ehambayo ifunxa amanzi esiphango, ukuhlisa amaqondo obushushu obukwindawo yomoya, kunye nokunika izithuba zokuzonwabisa. Izixeko ezifana neGlasgow neBirmingham zineeoooooeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeply zokutyala iglas neproject. "blueblue" isondeza iimpawu zamanzi kunye neflueglee; [FLLD] umgaqo we-Greast [[FLT] umgaqo wokwendlela wokuzonwabisa womoya, kunye noMkhukula-ondo-ondo-ondo-ondo-ondo.

Abaxhasi banganyusa izibonelelo eziluhlaza ngokuziqhubela kwinkqubo yokucwangcisa, bephawula umhlaba webhunga lokudibanisa, kunye nemali yokuxhathisa evela kwimithombo efana ne- Imali yeNkcitho yemozulu. Ukudityaniswa koluntu kubalulekile: amaqela asekuhlaleni asoloko egcina iipaki kunye nezitiya zemvula, akha ukhuseleko lwentlalo kunye nokuzinza kwemekobume yendalo.

Ugcino-lwazi, ubuxhakaxhaka kunye neenkqubo ezilumkisayo zakudala

Ugcino-lwazi oluzinzileyo lwangoku luyinkqubo yolwazi ye-GOOgraphic System (GIS) ivumela amadolobha ukuba ajonge umngcipheko wokhukhuliseko, ukuchanabeka kobushushu, kunye nendlela zokufuduka ngexesha lokwenene. I-Ofisi ye-UK Met inika izilumkiso zemozulu ezimandundu, kodwa utoliko nokusasazwa koluntu lunengxaki. Abasebenzi bangafaka imali kwimizwana yesixeko, imilinganiso yomlambo, kunye neCCTV etyiselwa kumagumbi okulawula amacandelo ongxamiseko asetyenziswa ngabacebi.

Izixhobo ezibonisa uwonke-wonke kunye ne-SMS ezilumkisa abahlali ngezikhukula ezizayo okanye ngobushushu obugqithisileyo. ENewcastle eTyne, ibhunga lisebenzisa inkqubo yokulumkisa abahlali abakwizibhedlele ezikhukulayo, ngokuzenzekelayo zidlulisela icebiso ngokusuka kumyalezo. Ukudityaniswa kogcino-lwazi lwesizwe kunye nobuchule basekuhlaleni kunceda ukukhawulezisa, ukusabela okuthe ngqo okusindisa ubomi.

Unxulumano loLuntu noQhubekeko

Ukukhululeka kwakhiwe ekugqibeleni ngabantu, kungekhona ikonkrithi. Abaqhubi bangakhuthaza ukulungiselela ngamaphulo kawonke-wonke, iinkqubo zesikolo, kunye neenkqubo zamatsha - ntliziyo. Amaqela okuphendula kongxamiseko loluntu (ama-SERT) kwezinye izixeko aqeqesha abemi abaqhelekileyo ngoncedo lokuqala olusisiseko, ukusasaza intlabathi, kunye nonxibelelwano lukanomathotholo. La maqela angakhuthaza ukudityaniswa kwentlalo, amaqhina okwakha anciphisa ubulolo nokwahlukaniswa.

Ukuganana okuphumelelayo kufuna ukufikelela kumaqela angenabungozi , abantu abadala, abantu abakhubazekileyo, abo bafumana ingeniso ephantsi, nabangengobantu basesiNgesini. Ukudlulisela izinto, ukuqhelisela izinto ezifikelelekayo, nokusebenza neenkokeli zoluntu kubalulekile. ESheffield, ibhunga lisebenza namaqela okholo kunye namaqumrhu ommelwane ukuze labe amacebo alungisiweyo kunye neendawo zokuzimela ezihlala.

Ukulungelelaniswa Kwezoqoqosho Nokuzinziswa Kweshishini

Iintlekele zivala amashishini, zitshabalalisa imisebenzi, zikhukulise iziseko zerhafu zasekuhlaleni. Abameli berhafu abaphambili bakhuthaza amashishini amancinane namancinane (amaqumrhu) ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso zokuqhubeka, ukunikela ngemali kwiivenkile ezikhusela umkhukula, nokuseka iimali zokubuyisa ingeniso. Ukuzinziswa kwezoqoqosho kwisixeko ngokubanzi kwakhona kuthetha ukuthintela ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kwicandelo elinye; uqoqosho olwahlukeneyo luphucuka ngokukhawuleza kwizinto ezothusayo.

I-inshorensi yenye i-inshorensi enzima. I-UK’s icebo lokukhupha i-Food Re elinokubonelela ngokuhlawulelwa okungafikelelekiyo kwizindlu eziphezulu, kodwa izinto zentengiso zidla ngokutsala nzima. Abaxhasi bangaxhasa iimodeli zokwandiswa kunye nenkxaso ye-inshorensi phakathi kwamashishini asekuhlaleni. Post-distaster, inkxaso yemali ekhawulezileyo . "i-vouchars, irhafulval, inika iinkqubo ze--* ukuxhasa amashishini xa kulungiswa komzimba.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Ukusetyenziswa Kwemayoral Goad

Ngaphaya kwe-UK, oosodolophu babonisa ukuba ukhokelo olusebenzayo nolungaguquguqukiyo luguqula izixeko zisuke ekuchanekeni zikwazi ukumelana. Ngezantsi zimizekelo emithathu enzulu.

ELondon: IThames Barrier

Njengesixeko sehlabathi lonke esijongene nonyuko lwamanzi olwandle kunye nokhukhuliseko olukhulayo, iLondon ibeke imali eninzi yokuzinzisa. IThames Barrier ikhusela umbindi we-London ekuhlaseleni koqhwithela, kodwa indlela eyakhelwe ngayo yakuqala isongelwa ugcino olungqongqo. Noko ke, ikomkhulu lijongene noyikiso oluchumileyo: ukukhukhuliseka kwamanzi okuvela kwimvula egqithisileyo ekhutshwa yimilongo-meya. Umngxuma we-me-meatry ye-meatry yase-London [FLT]]

Amanyathelo akhethekileyo osodolophu aquka i-London Drainingage Programme (izigidi ezingamashumi asibhozo zeerandi) iGreen Grid ithembise ukudibanisa iipaki ukufunxa i-eval, kunye ne-London Climate Resilience Review eyapapashwa ngo-2024. Usodolophu ukwahlalisa kunye ne-London Resilience Forum, ezizisa kunye zonke iinkonzo zombane eziluhlaza, iziphathi-zithuthi, kunye nezikhuthazo zokuvavanya ucwangciso lwexesha likaxakeka ngonyaka.

IManchester Enkulu: Ucwangciso Lwexesha Lamaxa - manqapha

Emva koSuku lweZikhukula zeBoxing ngo-2015, ezatshabalalisa iindawo zesixeko, uMgaqo-maya weManchester enkulu, u-Andy Burnham, wenza ugcino-lwazi lwaphambili. IGunya leManchester Edityanisiweyo laseka iqela elizinzileyo lokuzinzisa laza lapapasha iQhinga elibanzileyo [ Elidibanisa amabhunga alishumi. Icebo ligxininisa ekulawuleni komkhukula, ekucwangciseni ukhukula, nasekulungiseleleni uluntu.

Enye iprojekthi emileyo yinkqubo "yeSiliyeni yoMkhukula we-Resilience", edibanisa iindonga ezikhukulayo kunye nolawulo lwendalo oluphethe umkhukula . Ukukhupha amadama avuzayo kunye nokutyala imithi kwintambo zemvula ehamba kancinci. Usodolophu wasungula iNgxowa-mali yeResilience" enika ingxeba yemali ekhawulezileyo kwizindlu kunye namashishini emva kokuphuphuma, ukudlula kwenkqubo yebhombu ecothayo. Umanyano lwasekuhlaleni luquka "Iveki Yokwahlukana" kunye notyelelo lwesikolo, imiboniso kawonke-wonke, kunye neemisebenzi eluncedo kwizinto zoncedo lwamaxesha ongxamiseko kunye ne-inshorensi.

IBristol: Uvulindlela Oluhlaza

Usodolophu onyuliweyo ngqo waseBristol uye wasebenzisa amandla okucwangcisa uphahla oluluhlaza kuzo zonke iinguqu ezintsha. Esi sixeko sifuna nasiphi na isakhiwo esingaphezu kwewaka leemitha ezikwesikwere ukulungiselela uphahla oluluhlaza okanye iipali zelanga, inkqubo enciphisa isiphumo sesiqithi sobushushu kunye nokufunxa amanzi emvula. IBristol ikwafakwe kwi-"Bristol Avon Flood Strategy", unxulumano ne-Merika ephucula ukhuseleko kumbindi wesixeko nakunyusemntla.

"Isicwangciso sesiXeko esinye" sibandakanya utshintsho lwemozulu njengomxholo onqumla inqanawe, oye wajoliswe kuko okukhutshwa ngomnatha nozinzo. Isethi yokuzinzisa yoluntu yeBristol uLuntu Resilience" -- yimodeli ekwandiswa ngayo isikhululo samatsha - ntliziyo kwezinye izixeko. Inika uqeqesho, ubuchule bokuzoba izinto, kunye neqonga loluntu ukuze lwabelane ngezilumkiso zokhukula.

Ukoyisa Iengxaki: Ukuxhasa, Izobupolitika Nokumanyaniswa Kwemibutho

Naphezu kweenzuzo ezicacileyo, oosodolophu bajongene nemiqobo eyoyikekayo. Ukuxhasa imali kusesona sithintelo singapheliyo. Imisebenzi emikhulu yezenkxaso ifuna imiqathango ethatha iminyaka emininzi enokuthi iphazanyiswe luhlolo lwemali yesizwe. Ukhukula lweMkhukula karhulumente i-Defence Grant in Aid, kwaye izixeko zisoloko zifuna ucwangciso oludityanisiweyo ngerhafu yebhunga okanye ukuboleka. AmaMayheant kufuneka abe nobuchule kwimithombo emininzi ekhuselweyo: i-Agentement, iNational Lottery Heritage Fund, abaphuhlisi bezindlu ngezivumelwano zeCandelo 106, kunye nababengi bebo abasebenzi abazimeleyo ngeminye eluhlaza.

Ubungcungela bezobupolitika bungolunye ucelomngeni. Usodolophu ozincama ekhukulisekeni kakhulu kukhuselo lwezikhukula angawuboni umnxeba ophantsi kwegama elithatha iminyaka emihlanu. Inkxaso kawonke-wonke ingaphela ukuba utyalo-mali lubonakala lungabonakali ngezantsi de kube ngumkhukula olandelayo, xa ukungabikho kwenyathelo kuya kuba yintlekele. Unxibelelwano olusebenzayo lubalulekile: oonodolophu kufuneka balungise imigaqo-inshorensi yexesha elide kunye nohlobo lwenkqubela yezoqoqosho, hayi ilahleko nje kuphela.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuqhubana kwemida yolawulo kunzima kakhulu. Ukubanjwa komlambo kunye nenkqubo yemozulu akuwuhloneli umgaqo wasekuhlaleni. Abaphathi abadityanisiweyo kunye noomatiloshe benqanawa ezihamba ngenqanawa baye baphucula intsebenziswano enqamlezileyo, kodwa uxanduva luyaqhubeka phakathi kwamabhunga asedolophini nasemaphandleni kubaphathi bamanzi. Izicombululo zifuna ukudityaniswa, uqingqo-mali oludityanisiweyo, kunye nokuqondana ngomngcipheko onokubakho ngengxoxo eqhubekayo.

Ikamva: Ukuguquka kwemozulu ibe sisiXeko seCore

Njengoko imozulu isanda kakhulu, ugcino-lwazi lwasedolophini alunakuhlala luyindawo yenkqubo ebekwe kwisixeko ngasinye. Kufuneka lufakwe kuzo zonke ii-"iplani, ezothutho, izindlu, impilo, imfundo, izimali. Abavumisi be-UK sele behamba kweli cala, belungelelanisa ugcino-mali lwenetha kunye neemfuno zokuphucula uqoqosho.

Phakathi kwezinto ezidibanisayo ziquka ezi:

  • Ubophelelo oluthi lunyuse ikomkhulu ngokukhethekileyo ukwenzela iiprojekthi zokuziqhelanisa nemozulu.
  • Amandla okuxela kwangaphambili ukuqikelela izikhukula ezidanyazayo kunye namaza ashushu ngokuchanekileyo okukhulu.
  • Iqonga elinika abahlali indima engqalileyo ekwenzeni isigqibo.
  • Imilinganiselo yokukwazi ukumelana nokhukhuliseko elawulayo yezindlu ezintsha nezakhiwo zorhwebo.
  • izikhundla zogcino-lwazi ezilungelelanisa iimpendulo zesantya esiphindiweyo kwiziganeko ezinqamleza umda.

Urhulumente we-UK Thuthud National Aptation Programme (NAP3) epapashwe ngo-2023 imisela indlela yesizwe, kodwa uzalisekiso luza kuphumelela okanye lusilele kumgangatho wesixeko. Amagcisa angamagorha endalo ukuqhuba olu tshintsho. Ziyabonakala, zinetyala, kwaye zisondelelene ngokwaneleyo kwingingqi ukuqondela iimfuno zazo.

Isiphelo: Impembelelo Ephambili Kukhokelo Lwama - Mayoral

Izixeko ze-UK zime kwindawo engqukuva. Ukhetho luphakathi kokusabela kwintlekele.---------imali ezingamawaka ezigidi ekuphuculweni, ukuphulukana nobomi, nokubona abantu beqhekeka ngokudityaniswa kwemeko-ntle, kwaye besebenzisa i-odolo ukuze baxhase. Abasebenzi basemagunyeni, iqonga, ulwazi lwasekuhlaleni, ukuze benze indlela yesibini ibe yeyokwenene. Ngokuqalisa ukuhlaziywa kwesiseko, ukuxhasa izisombululo zendalo, ukubopha ugcino-lwazi, nokubanda kuluntu, banokulwakha izixeko ezingaphiliyo kodwa ezihlala ziphila nje kuphela kodwa ezihlala phantsi kwemozulu.

Lo msebenzi ungxamisekile, unzima, kodwa izixhobo zikho. usodolophu ngamnye weUK umele azibuze: Xa isiganeko esilandelayo esiqatha, ngaba isixeko sam siya kuhlala silungile? Impendulo iya kugqiba ngokhuseleko nempumelelo yezigidi zabemi kangangamashumi eminyaka ezayo.