Amagunya Karhulumente: Ukuqonda Onokucela Uncedo

Ukugawulwa kweenkonzo zikarhulumente kusenokuba lucelomngeni xa ungaqinisekanga ukuba ngowuphi umgangatho karhulumente osingatha inkxalabo yakho ekhethekileyo. Ukusuka ekufakeni isicelo sepasipo yokufaka ingxelo yomngxuma, umgangatho karhulumente ofunayo uxhomekeke kuhlobo lomba. Ukuqonda ezi maleko kunceda abemi balapho bangene ngokukhawuleza nangendlela efanelekileyo, bagcine ixesha, kwaye baphephe ukucaphuka okuthe rhoqo. Eli nqaku linikela ukonakalisa okunentsingiselo, kuquka amasebe abo, iinkonzo abafana nabo, kunye nendlela abadibana ngayo nabo.

Urhulumente Omanyeneyo: Igunya lesiZwe

Urhulumente wesizwe ungowona mgangatho uphakamileyo karhulumente eUnited States, onegunya kwimicimbi echaphazela lonke uhlanga. Inikwe amandla nguMgaqo-siseko wase-United States, kuquka ukukwazi ukulawula urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukuqhuba inkqubo yelinye ilizwe, ukuvakalisa imfazwe, ukushicilela imali, nokulungiselela ukukhusela ilizwe. Urhulumente wesizwe ukwangamela iinkqubo ezifana neSocial Security, iMedicare, kunye noncedo lwabafundi besizwe. Lo mgaqo uchazwa ngumgaqo wokwahlula amagunya, ukwahlula igunya phakathi kwamasebe amathathu alinganayo: i-gcisa, i-ofisi ye-ofisi, i-ofisi, kunye ne-galelo.

Isebe loMthetho

Isebe lemithetho lenza imithetho karhulumente, linyusa irhafu, linika urhulumente igunya lokusebenzisa imali. Laziwa njengeBhunga leminyaka emibini, iqumrhu le-bimeral eliyilwe yi-Staten kunye neNdlu yabameli. ICathenal inamalungu ali-100 (ababini kurhulumente), ngalinye elisebenza kumabinzana eminyaka emithandathu. Indlu inamalungu angama-435 ahlulwe ngabantu bamazwe, asebenza amabinzana amabini nyaka. Abaturali bangaqhagamshelana nawo [[FLT:] iziququ zamalungu kunye [FLT:] kunye [FLT:]] [FLT] [FLT:] [FLT] [3] [5] ukunceda ngemibandela yorhulumente, iinzuzo zezezoshishino-oluntu, okanye ukhuseleko loluntu. Ukunxibelelana nabameli bakho. [FT.FFFF.]

Igumbi ngalinye lineekomiti ezijonge imimandla ethile yenkqubo, njengeKomiti yeNdlu yeNdlela yeNdlu kunye neNdlela yokuLawula (iirhafu, urhwebo) okanye iKomiti yeNtlanganiso yeeNdlela zoXoqo-zincwadi. Ukuba ufuna uncedo ngesicelo esigunyazisiweyo sikarhulumente okanye umbambo wepasispoote, iofisi yakho yengqungquthela idla ngokuba ngunxibelelwano namaqumrhu karhulumente.

Isebe eliphethe i-Advice

Isebe elilawulayo linyanzelisa imithetho kwaye likhokelwa nguMongameli waseUnited States, osebenza njengentloko yorhulumente kunye nentloko-mikhosi. UMongameli uxhaswa nguMongameli onguMongameli kunye neKhabhinethi, equka amasebe aphetheyo ali-15 njengeSebe loMkhosi, iSebe Lokhuselo, iSebe Lezempilo, kunye neSebe Lemfundo. Isebe ngalinye lisebenza amasebe amaninzi kunye neeofisi ezinika abahlali iinkonzo ezithe ngqo. Umzekelo, uLawulo lokhuseleko lokhuseleko lwezoburhulumente [[FLT: 0] lubamba umhlala-phantsi kunye neenzuzo, ngoxa i-Internalbation Servential [FLT] [FLT:]]

Ukuba unombuzo malunga nenkqubo kazwelonke, uqala ngokuchonga umbutho onxulumeneyo. Kwimibuzo jikelele, USUSA.gov lizibuko elisemthethweni elikudibanisayo kurhulumente, urhulumente, kunye neenkonzo zasekuhlaleni. UMongameli unika nemiyalelo yokukhokela amaqumrhu karhulumente, kodwa le mithetho ayinakuyiphelisa iBhunga.

Isebe Lejaji

Isebe eligwebayo lichaza imithetho karhulumente lize lihlole imigaqo yalo esemthethweni. Iquka iNkundla ePhakamileyo ye-United States, iinkundla zezobheno (iinkundla zeenkundla zephondo), iinkundla zesithili ezingama-99 (iinkundla zeenkundla zenkundla), kunye nezinye iinkundla ezikhethekileyo (umz., iinkundla zokuwiswa kwemali, inkundla yerhafu, iNkundla yezorhwebo yezizwe ngezizwe). Inkundla ePhakamileyo ithetha ngetyala elibandakanya imigaqo-siseko, iimpikiswano phakathi kwamazwe, okanye imicimbi yezomthetho karhulumente. Ngoxa inkoliso yaseMerika ingaze ivele ijongene phambi kweNkundla Ephakamileyo, amasebe ajongeneentloko-mthetho achaphazela ubomi bemini ngemibangokwasemthethweni, ngokulawula imicimbi yezonyango, nangokubasese.

Ukuba unomba womthetho wesizwe ofana nokumangalelwa kombutho wesizwe okanye ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo omgaqo-siseko, ubuya kuqala ngokusesikweni kwiNkundla yeSithili yase-United States. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi olungakumbi, bona i-webhsayithi yowiso-mthetho we-judiary ye-atment ye-panel.

Urhulumente: UMaleko Ophakathi

Oorhulumente bangamaqumrhu azimeleyo kwimida yabo, baphantsi kobukhulu borhulumente wesizwe kuphela kwimicimbi yenkxalabo yesizwe. Urhulumente ngamnye unomgaqo-siseko wakhe, iqumrhu lowiso-mthetho, inkokeli (irhuluneli), kunye nenkqubo yenkundla. Urhulumente usingatha inkoliso yemithetho neenkonzo ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo abemi, kuquka imfundo, ezothutho, ukhuseleko lukawonke wonke, ukhuseleko lwempilo, kunye nomgaqo wemeko-bume.

Imithetho yeRhulumente

Indlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe ibhala imithetho ngemibandela engathulwanga ngurhulumente wephondo, njengomthetho wempahla, umthetho weentsapho, imimiselo yezoshishino, kunye nemithetho yezolwaphulo-mthetho. Urhulumente ngamnye ngaphandle kwe-Nebraska unendlu yowiso-mthetho ye-bimameral (indlu okanye iNdibano kunye ne-Stabername). Abaphathi-mthetho banyulwa ngabavoti kwiphondo labo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo basebenzisa amagunya amafutshane kunabalawuli bezomthetho. Umzekelo, i-Legistration yase-Oliforini yase-Speniars yaye amalungu angama-80 eNdibano. Ungafumana i-webhsayithi yakho ye-yo yowiso-mthetho yesizwe nge-[[FLT] i-Galplatures. [FLtations:1]

Indlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe ikwajonge uqingqo-mali lwesizwe kwaye isenokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe ulungiso lomgaqo-siseko. Ukuba kufuneka uthethe ngomba werhafu karhulumente, fumana iphepha-mvume lomqhubi, okanye uqonde imithetho yengingqi yelizwe lakho, ukuqhagamshelana nommisi-mthetho wesizwe kusenokuba linyathelo lokuqala.

Irula

Irhuluneli yintloko yephondo, ijongene nokuzalisekisa imithetho karhulumente, ukulawula uqingqo-mali, kunye nokuvelela amasebe karhulumente. Irhuluneli zinamandla okulawula umthetho, amandla okuxolela (ngaphandle kweemeko zokungagunyaziswa), negunya lokubiza iintlanganiso ezikhethekileyo zendlu yowiso-mthetho. Kumazwe amaninzi, irhuluneli ikwamisela iintloko zamasebe anjengeSebe leMetror Vehicles, iSebe lezeMpilo, kunye namapolisa asebuRhulumente.

Abahlali bangaqhagamshelana ne-ofisi yerhuluneli kwimicimbi efuna isenzo solawulo oluphezulu, njengesibhengezo sentlekele yelizwe, izicelo zobuqhetseba, okanye izikhalazo ngeenkonzo zikarhulumente. Urhulumente ngamnye ugcina i-website esemthethweni enjenge .gov okanye .gov[[FLT]S][[FLT]'S] njengesikhungo esisesiseko seenkonzo zikarhulumente.

Iinkundla Zelizwe

Iinkundla ezininzi zezomthetho eUnited States, zenza amatyala angaphezulu kwama-90% azo zonke iinkundla. Ziqhubana noqhawulo-mtshato, ukugcinwa kwabantwana, iimpikiswano, ukwenzakala ngokobuqu, amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho (ongenagunya), kunye nokubekwa kwicala. Iphondo ngalinye linenkundla equkwa yinkundla yamatyala (ngokuqhelekileyo ebizwa ngokuba ziinkundla eziphakamileyo okanye iinkundla zesiphaluka), kunye nenkundla ephakamileyo yephondo (ngokuqhelekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yiNkundla ePhakamileyo yelo lizwe, ngaphandle kwaseNew York apho iNkundla yezibheno).

Ukuba unengxaki engomthetho ebandakanya umthetho karhulumente, kufuneka ubhale ifayili kwinkundla yamatyala karhulumente. Umzekelo, impikiswano yomnini-ndlu ngesivumelwano sokuqesha iza kuvalwa kwinkundla yetyala. Amazwe amaninzi anikela amaziko okuzinceda kunye noovimba abakwi-intanethi ukukhokela abemi kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zomthetho.

Amagosa Ongezelelweyo Karhulumente

I-States ikwanokhetho okanye imisela amanye amagosa asebenzayo imisebenzi engundoqo. Jikelele iAttorney isebenza njengomphathi-mikhosi oyintloko wesizwe, emela urhulumente kwimicimbi esemthethweni kwaye ekhupha iimbono kumthetho karhulumente. [[[FLT:]] Iziphathi-mandla zelizwe [[FLT]] [iiii-Atlect]] iphethe unyuko, ubhaliso, kunye nemithetho yenkampani. i-Statenters [ ilawula imostatent nempahla engakhutshwanga. Ukwazi ezi ofisi zinokukunceda ukuphengulula. Umzekelo, ukuba ukholelwa ukuba ushishino lweshishini ukhuphisile, uqhagamshelane noxandulo lwe-Atney-odvelse.

Urhulumente Wasekuhlaleni: Eyona Ndawo Isondeleyo Ekhaya

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenza kumgangatho woluntu kwaye bazizidalwa zelizwe, bafumana igunya labo kumgaqo-siseko wesizwe nakwimimiselo. Banembopheleleko yokunikela iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla, njengamanzi nenkunkuma, ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma, iipaki, amathala eencwadi kawonke-wonke, ukuhlanganiswa kweendawo, kunye nokhuseleko lwamapolisa kunye nomlilo. Izakhiwo zikarhulumente zasekuhlaleni ziyahluka ngokubanzi, kodwa zidla ngokuwela kwiindidi ezintathu: izakhiwo zoonomasipala, iibhiliti, iidolophu, kunye neengingqi ezikhethekileyo.

Urhulumente wephondo

Amaqumrhu alawulayo alwahlulo lwephondo, oludla ngokulawulwa yibhodi enyuliweyo yabakhomishinala okanye ibhunga lephondo. Kumaphondo amaninzi, ubalo lunikela iinkonzo ezifana nohlolo-ncomo lwerhafu yempahla kunye nokuqokelelwa kwemali, amasebe ezempilo kawonke-wonke, ii-ofisi zomphathi-mikhosi, ugcino-ndlela, kunye nokubhaliswa kwemibango. Kwakhona alawula iinkundla zephondo kwimicimbi yezaphuli-mthetho encinane neyoluntu. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukubhalisa inqwelo-mvume, ukuhlawula iirhafu yempahla, okanye ukufumana imvume yomtshato, mhlawumbi uya kwiofisi yengingqi yengingqi.

Isakhiwo sikarhulumente wengingqi singaquka umphathi ophezulu onyuliweyo kwimimandla ethile. Ubalo lwephondo lwase-Urban (njenge-Los Angeles County) luneendawo ezinkulu ezihlala abaqeshi abangamawaka, ngelixa izibalo zasemaphandleni zinokuba nabasebenzi abambalwa kuphela. Ukufumana urhulumente wengingqi yakho, khangela i-“i-webhsayithi yakho esemthethweni."

Isixeko Norhulumente Wedolophana

Amadolobha needolophu (esaziwa nangokuba ngoomasipala) aneenkonzo zawo zoorhulumente basekuhlaleni abalawula iinkonzo kwimida yabo. Iinkonzo eziqhelekileyo zasedolophini ziquka amasebe ombane , amasebe omlilo [[[FLT:]], [[FLT:]], [[FLT]] ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo [[FLT:]], kunye [FLT] ne [FLT] izitransports, translate [[FLT], [[FLT]], [iiiiiintekthi], imvume yokwakhesa-ok-ok-mlilo, ifuna umbane, okanye ulwaleko lwesixeko, okanye umbatho lwedolo-o.

Oorhulumente bakaMasipala basenokuba banenkqubo ye- enokuba yindlela (apho umphathi wesixeko omiselweyo asebenza khona, ekwindlu yolawulo, ibhunga liyindlu yowiso-mthetho) okanye i-council-mphathi[] inkqubo (apho umphathi wesixeko usebenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, ngexesha ibhunga limisela inkqubo). Amanye amadolobha nawo anemo yendlu yoomatiloshe eqinileyo [[[FLT:]] enamandla okulawula. Iintlanganiso zedolophu ziqhelekile kwiidolophu ezincinane zaseNgilani, apho abahlali bevota ngqo kwiminyele yoqingqo-mali nemithetho.

Ngoku izixeko ezininzi zinika abantu ii - Internet ii - Internet ukuze bafake izicelo zenkonzo, bahlawule izinto eziluncedo okanye bafake izicelo zemvume.

Izidibi ezizodwa

Izithili ezizimeleyo zezoburhulumente ezizimeleyo zenzelwe ukulungiselela umsebenzi othile, ofana namanzi, umbane, uthutho lukawonke-wonke, ugutyulo okanye ukhuseleko lomlilo. Zisoloko zineebhodi zazo ezinyuliweyo kunye negunya lokurhafisa. Umzekelo, iMetropolian Waters of Southern California inika abantu abazizigidi ezili-19, kunye neGunya le-CAMBIS Transitait[[ isebenzisa iibhasi noololiwe besixeko. Ukuba unengxaki ngemali yakho yamanzi, ungafuna ukudibana nengingqi ekhethekileyo, hayi isithilishini okanye ingingqi.

ISebe leNtshukumo yeZiqinganiso laseUnited States libonisa ukuba kukho isithili esikhethekileyo esingaphezu kwama-38 000 eUnited States. Ukuze kubonwe ukuba unceda yiphi na, jonga kwimali yerhafu yempahla yakho okanye imali yemali yemali yemali esetyenziswayo, edla ngokudwelisa igama kunye nolwazi lokuqhagamshelana kwesithili.

Oorhulumente Bezizwe

Umgangatho wesine, osoloko utyeshelwa ngoorhulumente besizwe. Kukho izizwe zamaMelika angama-554 ezimkelwe ngurhulumente eUnited States, nganye inegunya lokulawula amalungu ayo kunye nommandla. Oorhulumente besizwe banikela iinkonzo ezifana nokunyanzeliswa komthetho, imfundo, kunye nenkxalabo yempilo kumathandabuzo. Banolwalamano oluphakathi kukarhulumente norhulumente karhulumente karhulumente, intsingiselo yokuba abanako ukuthotyelwa phantsi korhulumente kwimimandla emininzi. Ukuba uhlala kwingingqi ethile okanye unoshishino nesizwe esithile, kufuneka uqhagamshelane norhulumente wesizwe ngqo.

Indlela Yokubona Umgangatho Ofanelekileyo Worhulumente Wakho

kuba iinkonzo kunye neembopheleleko zihambelana, ukufumanisa ukuba liliphi iqondo lokunxibelelana elinokuba libubungozi. Nasi isikhokelo esisebenzayo esisekelwe kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo:

  • Imicimbi yohlanga: iPasport, uKhuseleko lweNtlalo, iMedicare, irhafu karhulumente, ukufuduka, inkonzo yasemkhosini, iinzuzo zamava, iimali-mboleko zabafundi bezwe. → urhulumente we-FLT]
  • Imicimbi yesizwe ngokubanzi: amalayisensi omqhubi, iirhafu zengeniso karhulumente, iipaki zombuso, ilayisensi zomtshato, i-inshorensi yokungaqeshwa, ilayisensi yobuchule (umz., koogqirha, abachebi). → urhulumente weSizwe
  • Imicimbi yengingqi ye-: iirhafu zempahla, ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma, amapolisa asekuhlaleni, iinkonzo zomlilo, imvume yokwakha, ulungiso lwendlela, izikolo zikawonke-wonke (ii-K12). → urhulumente we-Adelayo (ilizwe okanye isixeko)
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Ukuzimela ngokungqalileyo: Amanzi, umbane, uthutho, amathala eencwadi, ulawulo lwengcongconi.] → inokuba sisithili esikhethekileyo

Ukuba akuqinisekanga, qala ngesixeko sakho okanye ngewebhsayithi yengingqi yakho. Basoloko bene “Isikhokelo sika-Citten" okanye icandelo elithi“Ndiyenza Njani...”. Uyakwazi ukubiza u-311 kwizixeko ezininzi ukufumana ulwazi lukarhulumente olungelulo. Okanye, USA.gov unika “Fumana i-Arhente kaRhulumente ngesihloko". Isixhobo sokukukhomba ngendlela elungileyo.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Okufumana Uncedo

Xa usazi umgangatho ofanelekileyo worhulumente, landela la manyathelo:

  1. [[FLT: 0] ichaza umbutho : Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukuvuselela ilayisensi yokuqhuba, liSebe lengingqi le-Mort Vehicles. Kwipassport, liSebe loRhulumente lase-U.S.
  2. [[UMTL:0] Fuma ulwazi loqhakamshelwano: Sebenzisa i webhsayithi esemthethweni .gov. Phepha iinxuwa zesithathu ezinokubiza iindleko zeenkonzo zesisa.
  3. Khetha indlela elungileyo: Iinkonzo ezininzi zikarhulumente zikhona kwi-intanethi. Iinkonzo zerhafu yomanyano, inzuzo ye-SNAP, kunye nemvume yokwakha zinokugcinwa ngokwemivo. Umnxeba kunye nokubotshwa kwemiba entsonkothileyo kungafuneka kwimiba.
  4. Lungisa amaxwebhu afunekayo: Yiba ne-ID yakho (iphepha-mvume loMthombo, inani lokhuseleko loluntu), amanani e-akhawunti, kunye namaphepha afanelekileyo alungiselelwe phambi kokufowuna okanye ukutyelela.
  5. Landela[: Ukuba akufumani mpendulo ngexesha elifanelekileyo (ngokufuthi iintsuku ezilishumi zoshishino ukwenzela uphando olulula), qhagamshelana kwakhona okanye unyuse kwiofisi yegosa elinyuliweyo. Ii-ofisi zeBhunga zinobameli benkonzo abancedisayo nabameli bequmrhu abanokunceda kumaqumrhu.

Isiphelo

Ukuqonda amaqondo amathathu angundoqo karhulumente. /federal, urhulumente, kunye nolwasekuhlaleni----odwa uyakwazi ukusebenzisa isixokelelwano solawulo ngentembelo. Umgangatho ngamnye uneendima neembopheleleko ezahlukeneyo, kodwa usoloko usebenza kunye ekukhonzeni abemi. Ngokufunda ukuba ngowuphi umgangatho ophatha oku, ungaphepha unxulumano olungalunganga nolinda ixesha elide. Ukuba ufuna irhafu, imvume, okanye uncedo ngengenelo karhulumente, ukwazi apho ungajika khona inyathelo lokuqala ukufumana uncedo olusebenzayo. Iindawo zezibuko zikarhulumente zenqaku lencwadi njengo [[FLT: 0] USUSA. kunye ne-we-we-we-we-we-we-we-we-we-weyakho u-ofisi yombuso ukuze ufumane ngokukhawuleza. Xa uthandabuza, xa uthelekisa uwonke-oncwadi lwakho lwencwadi lwencwadi lwasekuhlaleni, banikela uncedo ngesisa nangolwazi oluluncedo olukhululekileyo.