Table of Contents

Amalungelo akho angokwamakhaya lukhuseleko olusisiseko nenkululeko eqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngendlela efanayo phantsi komthetho. La malungelo asebenza kuye wonke umntu kungakhathaliseki ukuba ungoluphi uhlanga, ibala, unqulo, iintlobano zesini, imvelaphi yesizwe, ubudala, ukukhubazeka, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezikhuselweyo. Ukuqonda amalungelo akho asekuhlaleni kuyakunceda uqonde xa ukhuselwa kwaye kukunika amandla okuthabatha inyathelo kwiimeko zamihla ngemihla ukususela ekungeneleni komsebenzi ukuya kwiinkonzo zikawonke-wonke.

Amalungelo oluntu asisiseko sebutho labantu abanobulungisa nabanobulungisa. Akhusela abantu ekukhetheni, aqinisekisa ukuba bafumana amathuba alinganayo, kwaye akhusela inkululeko yobuqu abantu abaninzi abayithatha lula. Enoba uyafaka isicelo somsebenzi, uya esikolweni, uyathenga evenkileni, okanye uqhubeka nje nomgaqo wakho wemihla ngemihla, imithetho yamalungelo abantu isebenza ngokufihlakeleyo ukukhusela isidima sakho nokulingana.

Ukuqonda Isiseko Samalungelo Abemi

Ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu eUnited States kuye kwaguquka ngokuphawulekayo ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yomthetho, izigqibo zenkundla, nokulawulwa okuqhubekayo. La malungelo akhutshelwa kwimithetho eyahlukeneyo karhulumente, karhulumente, nakusekuhlaleni elungiselelwe ukuthintela ucalucalulo nokukhuthaza ukuphathana ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi babantu.

IKhomishini yaseMelika eLawula amalungelo emveli ichaza ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yamalungelo abantu besizwe nokukhuthazwa komthetho wamalungelo abantu.

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yomthetho wamalungelo abantu isenguMthetho wamalungelo abantu ka-1964, owabeka isiseko sokhuseleko lwale mihla lokulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho. ISihloko se-VII siyalwalela ucalucalulo lwemisebenzi esekelwe kuhlanga, imibala, unqulo, isini kunye nemvelaphi yesizwe. Lo mthetho wesibonelelo uye watshintshwa kwaye wandiswa ukutyhubela amashumi eminyaka ukulungiselela ukhuseleko olubanzi kubantu abangakumbi kwiimeko ezingakumbi.

Iimpawu Ezikhuselayo Kumthetho Ongumanyano

Imithetho enyanzeliswe yi-EEOC yenza kube kokungekho mthethweni ukuba amasebe oMbutho kaMazwe aManyeneyo akhethe abaqeshwa kunye nabacebisi bemisebenzi abakwisiseko sohlanga, ibala, unqulo, isini, imvelaphi yesizwe, isiphene okanye ubudala. Ezi maqela zikhuselweyo zingunozala womthetho wesizwe ochasene nolwaphulo-mthetho, nangona amazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla emininzi iye yandisa imigaqo yokukhusela ukuquka iimpawu ezongezelelekileyo ezifana nembonakalo yesondo, ubufana nesini, ukuma komtshato, kunye nokumanyana kwezobupolitika.

Ukwazi iimpawu ezikhuselweyo kubalulekile kuba kukunceda wazi ukuba ucalucalulo lunokwenzeka nini. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ukhanyelwe umsebenzi ngenxa yobudala bakho, unqulo, okanye ukukhubazeka kwakho, usenokuba nezizathu zokukhalazela amalungelo abantu.

Amalungelo Enu Engqesho

Imithetho yocalucalulo ngomsebenzi ibandakanya phantse zonke iinkalo zolwalamano lomsebenzi, ukusuka kwisicelo sokuqala somsebenzi ngokuphelisa nangaphaya koko.

Oko Kutyhilwa Yimithetho Engavumelaniyo Nomsebenzi

Umthetho wesizwe uyalwalela ucalucalulo kwiindawo eziliqela, kuquka ukuqeshwa, ukuqeshwa, ukuhlolwa komsebenzi, iinkqubo zokunyusela, uqeqesho, imbuyiselo kunye nesenzo soqeqesho. Oku kuqulunqwa kuchaza ukuba abaqeshi abanakwenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kwiimpawu ezikhuselweyo nakweliphi na ixesha lomsebenzi.

Kukwenza kube nzima ukuba abaqeshi bakhethe ngokokuqesha, ukukhulula, ukukhupha, okanye ukunika iimeko, iimeko, namalungelo omsebenzi. Nokuba ufuna isikhundla esitsha, usebenzela ukunyuselwa, okanye ujongene nokupheliswa, imithetho yamalungelo abantu inika ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo ekuchaneni nokuphathwa ngokungekho sikweni.

Ukukhuselwa Ekuxhatshazweni

Ngaphandle kocalucalulo lwemisebenzi, abasebenzi bakwakhuselwa ekuxhatshazweni ngenxa yeempawu ezikhuselekileyo. IFEHA iyakwalela ukukhathazwa okusekelwe kudidi olukhuselekileyo kumsebenzi, umfaki-sicelo, i-arhente engahlawulwayo, okanye inkampani. Ukukhathazwa ngokwesini kuyathintelwa kuzo zonke iindawo zemisebenzi, kwanakwabo banabasebenzi abangaphantsi kwabahlanu.

Ukukhathazwa emsebenzini kusenokuthatha iindlela ezininzi, ukusuka kumaqhulo ahlazisayo nangamagqabaza abonisa ukudibana okungamkelekiyo okanye ukudalwa kwendawo echasayo yomsebenzi. Ukukhathazwa ngokwesini kuquka uqheliselo olusuka kwizicelo ezithe ngqo zezenzo zokufumana ingxubano kunye neemeko zasemsebenzini ezibangela ukungathandwa kwabantu besini ngasinye, kuquka ukukhathazwa ngokwesini okufanayo.

Iindawo zokuhlala ezinengqiqo

Imithetho yamalungelo abantu ayilwaleli nje ucalucalulo, kwaye ifuna abaqeshi ukuba bazenzele iindawo ezifanelekileyo abasebenzi abaneziphene neenkolelo zonqulo ezinyanisekileyo. Kukwafuna ukuba amaqumrhu aMazwe azimeleyo enze indawo yokuhlala nayiphi na ingxaki eyaziwayo ngaphandle kokuba loo ndawo yokuhlala ingabangela ubunzima obungeyomfuneko.

Izindlu ezifanelekileyo zisenokuquka ucwangciso oluhle lomsebenzi, ubugcisa obuncedisayo, izakhiwo ezifikelelekayo, okanye utshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo yomsebenzi. Abaqeshi kufuneka basebenzise imigaqo-nkqubo esetyenziswayo nabaqeshwa ukuze bafumane iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokuhlala, kwaye bangakufuni ukucela indawo yokuhlala ukuba benokubangela ubunzima obungafanelekanga kwimisebenzi yezoshishino.

Ukukhusela ekubuyiselweni

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kodwa ezidla ngokutyeshelwa kukhuseleko lwamalungelo abantu kukungavunyelwa komntu oziphindezeliyo. Umntu ofaka isikhalazo okanye onenxaxheba kuphando lwetyala le-EEO, okanye ochasa ukusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi engekho mthethweni phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imithetho enyanzeliswa nguEEOC ayikhusele ekuziphindezeleni.

Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba unikela ingxelo yocalulo, ufake isikhalazo kwiKhomishini ye-Auncili Yomsebenzi (EOC), okanye ube nenxaxheba njengengqina kwityala localucalulo lomnye umntu, umqeshi wakho akanakokokweyisa ngenxa yokusebenzisa la malungelo. Ukubuyiselwa kungaquka ukuphelisa, ukuthotywa, ukuhlawulwa, okanye nasiphi na isenzo esiqatha esithatyathwa ngenxa yokuba umele amalungelo abantu.

Ukukhuselwa Ngomvuzo Olinganayo

UMthetho wePay Elinganayo ka-1963 wenza kube kokungekho mthethweni ukuhlawula imivuzo eyahlukeneyo kumadoda namabhinqa ukuba basebenza umsebenzi ofanayo emsebenzini omnye. Lo mthetho ufuna ukuba abasebenzi abasebenza ngokulinganayo bafumane intlawulo elinganayo elinganayo, efuna ubuchule, umgudu, kunye noxanduva phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zokusebenza.

Inkcitho yokukhusela okungatshintshiyo iye yanda ngokuhamba kwexesha. Umthetho kaLilly Led Benefire Fair Pay ka-2009 wacacisa ukuba isigqibo sembuyekezo yolwaphulo-mthetho okanye omnye umkhwa ongekho mthethweni uyenzeka sihlandlo ngasinye imbuyekezo yembuyekezo yembuyekezo yembuyekezo yembuzo okanye eminye imisebenzi kwaye ngaloo ndlela inyusa ixesha umqeshwa anokumangalela ngalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iwotshi yokukhupha isikhalazo socalulo esihlawulayo i-screctorary recrivercheck, hayi nje xa kusenziwa isigqibo sokuqala.

Ukukhulelwa Nentsapho Zishiye Amalungelo

Ukuba umqeshi wakho unabaqeshwa abahlanu okanye ngaphezulu, unelungelo lokufumana amalungelo nenkxaso phantsi komthetho karhulumente waseKhalifoniya kwisiganeko sokukhulelwa, sokuzala, ukulahlekelwa kukukhulelwa, kunye neemeko ezinxulumene nomzimba okanye nezomcimbi wengqondo. La malungelo kunye nokhuseleko luquka ilungelo lokufumana indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo kunye nelungelo lokuyeka ukusebenza. Akuvumelekanga ukuba abaqeshi batshise, bangaqeshi, bavuse, bahluze, okanye bacaluke umntu othile ngenxa yokukhulelwa, ukuzala, okanye imeko enxulumene nayo.

Umthetho womanyano unikela inkxaso efanayo. Ukukhulelwa, ukuzala, kunye neemeko zempilo ezinxulumene nazo kufuneka zinyangwe ngendlela efanayo nezinye izifo okanye iimeko zokwexeshana. Oku kuthetha ukuba abasebenzi abakhulelweyo banelungelo lokufumana iingenelo ezifanayo, ukushiya imigaqo-nkqubo, neendawo zokuhlala njengabanye abasebenzi abaneemeko zempilo zokwexeshana.

Amalungelo asekuhlaleni kwiiNdlela zoGunyaziso zikaRhulumente

Izindlu zikawonke-wonke ngamashishini namaziko anceda uluntu ngokubanzi. Imithetho yamalungelo abantu iqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uyakwazi ukufikelela kwezi ndawo ngokulinganayo kungakhathaliseki ukuba zikhuseleke kangakanani na.

Into Efanele Ibe Zizindlu Zasekuhlaleni

Lo mthetho unwebe umlinganiselo wendawo ethathwa njengendawo kawonke-wonke phantsi komthetho karhulumente. Olu lwandiso luquka izitore, iibhanki, iinkonzo zomthetho, iinkonzo zezothutho, nezinye ezingaphezulu. Olu hlaziyo lubalulekile njengoko luqinisekisa ukuba ukukhuselwa kocalulo kugquma uludwe olubanzi lwezithuba neenkonzo zikawonke-wonke kunangaphambili.

Iivenkile zokutyela, iihotele, iiholo zemidlalo, iivenkile, iibhanki, iindawo zokunyamekela impilo, iindawo zokungcebeleka, iipaki, namanye amashishini neendawo ezininzi ezivulelwe uluntu. Umsebenzi weCRD kukukhusela abantu baseKhalifoniya ekucalucalulweni okungekho mthethweni emsebenzini, kwizindlu, kwizindlu zikawonke-wonke, kwiinkqubo zezentengiso nemisebenzi yezoburhulumente, nakwizono zogonyamelo nokurhwebelana kwabantu.

Ukufikelela nenkonzo elinganayo

I-Act ilugweba ngokucacileyo ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwindlela abantu abasabela ngayo ngokwesini nangokwesini kuzo zonke iindawo zokuhlala noncedo lukawonke-wonke. Oku kuthetha ukuba amashishini nabasebenzi benkonzo abanakukwala ukusetyenziswa, ukukhanyela ukungena, okanye ukucalucalula abantu abasekelwe kwezi mpawu.

Olu khuselo ludlulela ngaphaya kokuvunyelwa nje ukungena kwishishini. Kuthetha ukuba unelungelo lokwamkela uhlobo olunye lomsebenzi, amaxabiso afanayo, kunye nokuphathwa okufanayo nawo nawuphi na omnye abathengi. Amashishini akanakubothusa abathengi, anikezele ngenkonzo ephantsi, okanye abeke iimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko ezisekelwe kwiempawu ezikhuselweyo.

Iimfuno Zofikeleleko

Kubantu abakhubazekileyo, ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu kwiindawo zokuhlala kubandakanya iimfuno ezibalulekileyo zokufumaneka. I-Merika enoMthetho (ADA) okhubazekileyo ifuna amashishini asuse imiqobo aze alungise imigaqo-nkqubo nezenzo ngendlela elungele ukuqinisekisa ukuba afikeleleka ngokufanayo.

Oku kusenokuquka ukufaka ii-ampps zoncedo kunye neenkonzo zoncedo lokunceda abantu abangakwazi ukuva okanye ukubona kakuhle, ukuvumela izilwanyana zisetyenziswe okanye iinkqubo eziphucule indlela yokusebenza ebezingayi kubashiya abantu abaneziphene. Ukusuka kwimithetho karhulumente ethintela ukucalucalulwa kwabaqeshi abasebenzisa iCandelo lesi-8 ekukhuseleni abantu abanezilwanyana eziluncedo, urhulumente unemithetho nemigaqo eyomeleleyo kwindawo enceda ukukhusela abantu baseKhalifonini kuzo zonke izithethe zobomi.

Amalungelo Nenkuselo Emfundo

Abafundi baye bawafumana amalungelo angakumbi amalungelo abantu kwimfundo, kwizikolo eziphambili ukuya kwiikholeji neeyunivesithi.

Isihloko IX Nocalucalulo Lwesini

Isihloko i-IX sithembisa ukufikelela ngokulinganayo kwimfundo yabo bonke abafundi kwaye ibakhusela ekucalucalulweni ngenxa yesini. I-IX yamiselwa ukuqinisekisa: "Akukho mntu eUnited States, ngenxa yesini, ongayi kubandakanywa kwinxaxheba, ohlulwayo, okanye ocalucalulwe phantsi kwayo nayiphi na inkqubo yemfundo okanye umsebenzi ofumana uncedo lwemali yezemali kuManyano-mazwe."

I-IX yokhuseleko iquka iingxelo ezichaza ukuba abantu bangabathathi-nxaxheba, ukubhaliswa kwemidlalo, ukusetyenziswa kwemali, iinkqubo zemfundo, iinkonzo zabafundi, amacebiso kunye nomsebenzi. Izikolo kufuneka zithabathe inxaxheba ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo kwiingxelo ezichaza ukuba abantu banekhethe ngokwesini, kuquka ukuhlaselwa ngokwesini nogonyamelo ngokwesini.

Amalungelo Okungavisisani Kwimfundo

Abafundi abaneziphene bakhuselwe phantsi kwemithetho emininzi karhulumente, kuquka i-Assoms Withsure Diculture Education Act (IDEA), iCandelo lama-504 loMthetho wokuRehabilita, kunye namaMelika anoMthetho wokungakhubazeki. I-SCOTUS yalawula i-9-10-0 ixhasa umfundi onesifo sokuwa, (A.J.T. v. Osseo Areaces Schools) uqinisa amandla abafundi okufaka ityala lesikolo phantsi kwe-ADA/Seaction 504 ngaphandle komgangatho ophezulu ongafanelekanga. Iziphumo ezibonwa ngokubanziwa ngokuba ngumfundi onegunya elibalulekileyo lokugcinwa kwemfundo yesiphene.

Le mithetho ifuna izikolo zinike abafundi abaneziphene ezifanelekileyo indawo yokuhlala, utshintsho kunye neenkonzo ezifanelekileyo zokuqinisekisa ukuba baneziphene banokufumana imfundo efanayo noontanga babo. Oku kusenokuquka iinkqubo zemfundo ezilungiselelwe ngabantu ngabanye (IEPs), ubugcisa obuncedisayo, izabelo ezilungisiweyo, okanye ukuphucula ufikelelo

Ukukhuselwa Ekuxhatshazweni Nokungcungcuthekiswa

Izikolo zinembopheleleko esemthethweni yokuthetha ngokungcungcuthekiswa nokungcungcuthekiswa okusekelwe kwiimpawu ezikhuselweyo. Xa ukukhathazwa kusekelwe kuhlanga, ibala, imvelaphi yesizwe, isini, isiphene okanye unqulo, kusenokungqubana nemithetho yamalungelo abantu. Izikolo zimele zithathe inyathelo elifanelekileyo ngoko nangoko ukuphanda izikhalazo nokuthintela ukukhathazwa okungakumbi.

Amalungelo endlu

ISivumelwano seFair House salela ucalucalulo kwimisebenzi enxulumene nezindlu, kuquka ukuqesha, ukuthenga, ukuxhasa ngemali, kunye nezinye izinto ezithengiselwanayo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu unamathuba alinganayo okuhlala ngaphandle kweempawu ezikhuselekileyo.

Imisebenzi Ekhuselweyo Kwizindlu

Ucalucalulo lwezindlu lungavela kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo, kuquka xa ufuna indawo yokuhlala, xa ufaka isicelo sokuqesha okanye sokuthenga, ukufuna imali, okanye ukuhlala kwimpahla. Abalawuli nabathengisi abanakukwala ukukuqesha okanye ukukuthengisela, ukubeka imigaqo eyahlukileyo, okanye ukunikela iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo ezisekelwe kwiempawu ezikhuselekileyo.

Oku kuquka ukuqhuba (ukukhokelela abantu kwimimandla ethile esekelwe kuhlanga okanye kwezinye iimpawu), ukungabenzi iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo abantu abaneziphene, okanye ukunyanzela abantu abaqeshwe ngemiqathango eyahlukileyo esekelwe kwimeko yasekhaya.

Izindlu kunye nokulungiswa okufanelekileyo

Abanikazi bezindlu kufuneka benze indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo ngokwemithetho, iinkqubo, iindlela okanye iinkonzo xa kuyimfuneko ukuthenga umntu onesiphene esilinganayo ukuba asebenzise kwaye aphile. Kufuneka bavumele abaqeshwa abanesiphene benze utshintsho olufanelekileyo kwindawo yokuhlala ngendleko yabo.

Amalungelo

Ilungelo lokuvota lelinye lawona malungelo asisiseko kulawulo-melo. Imithetho eyahlukeneyo yorhulumente norhulumente ikhusela eli lungelo kwaye iqinisekisa ukufikelela ngokulinganayo kwinkqubo yonyulo.

Ukukhuselwa Kucalucalulo

IVoting Rights Act neminye imithetho karhulumente iyalwalela ucalucalulo ekuvoteleni okusekelwe kwiqela lolwimi oluncinane.

Ufikeleleko ekuLungeniseni

Kufuneka iindawo zokugrogrisa zifikeleleke kubantu abakhubazekileyo, kwaye amagosa onyulo kufuneka anikele uncedo kubavoti abalufunayo ngenxa yesiphene okanye ukungakwazi ukufunda okanye ukubhala. Amazwe amaninzi akwanika ezinye iindlela zokuvota ezifana ne-posi efakwe iibhola zokuvota okanye ukuvota kwasekuqaleni ukuze kwandiswe ukufumaneka.

Amalungelo Emfihlo

Nangona kungasoloko kubizwa ngokucacileyo njengamalungelo oluntu, ukhuseleko lwemfihlo luqatshelwa ngokuba lusisiseko samalungelo adibana nokhuseleko lwamalungelo abantu ngeendlela ezibalulekileyo.

Imfihlo Yamayeza

I-Inshorensi ye-Inshorensi yempilo eNgasese ne-Accounting Act (HIPAA) ikhusela ukufihla ulwazi lwakho lwezonyango. Abanikezeli bezonyango, ii-inshorensi, nezinye izinto ezigqunyweyo kufuneka zigcine ulwazi lwakho lwempilo luyimfihlo kwaye zinokuluhlanganyela kuphela kwiimeko ezilinganiselweyo kunye nogunyaziso lwakho.

Kukho imiqathango engqongqo xa umqeshi ebuza imibuzo enxulumene nokukhubazeka okanye efuna uxilongo lwezamayeza, kwaye yonke inkcazelo yezamayeza kufuneka inyangwe njengemfihlelo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi lwakho lwezamayeza alunakusetyenziswa kwizigqibo zomsebenzi.

Imfihlo Yemfundo

Imithetho yeNkcubeko yemfundo neyoMbutho (FERPA) ikhusela imfihlo yeerekhodi zemfundo yabafundi. Izikolo zimele zifumane imvume phambi kokuba zichaze inkcazelo ekwaziwa ngokobuqu kwiingxelo zemfundo, ngaphandle kwezinye iingxelo.

Inkululeko Yokuthetha Nentetho

UMthetho Wokuqala Wokwenziwa KomGaqo-siseko waseUnited States ukhusela inkululeko yokuthetha, yonqulo, yokushicilela, yokuhlanganisana neyokucela.

Imida Enxulumene Nokungakhathalelwa Kukarhulumente

Izixhobo zikarhulumente azinakuyibeka imiqathango yokuthetha ngokwembono yazo.

Noko ke, inkululeko yokuthetha ayiphelelanga. Urhulumente unokubeka imiqathango esengqiqweni yexesha, indawo, nendlela yokuthetha, yaye iindidi ezithile zentetho azikhuselwa kangako, njengezisongelo zokwenene, ukuphembelela kwisenzo esingekude solwaphulo - mthetho, nezono ezibi.

Inkululeko Yonqulo

UMthetho Wokuqala Ohlaziyiweyo ukhusela unqulo ngokukhululekileyo yaye uyalwalela urhulumente ukuba amisele unqulo.

Umthetho ukwafuna ukuba abaqeshi bahlalise ngokufanelekileyo abafaki-sicelo nabasebenzi ngokunyanisekileyo kuqheliselo lonqulo olunyanisekileyo, ngaphandle kokuba ukwenjenjalo kuya kubangela ubunzima obungeyomfuneko ekusebenzeni kweshishini lomqeshi. Olu khuseleko lunwebela inkululeko yonqulo emsebenzini.

Ucelomngeni Lwangoku Kumalungelo Asekuhlaleni

Nangona ukukhusela amalungelo abantu kuye kwanda kakhulu ukutyhubela amashumi eminyaka, kusasele iingxaki ezininzi.Ukuqonda izinto ezisongela amalungelo abantu kunceda abantu nabantu basekuhlaleni bahlale bephaphile ekukhuseleni le nkululeko isisiseko.

Igunya Elilumkileyo Namalungelo Abantu

Imo ecacileyo yowama-2025 yayikukusetyenziswa okungakumbi kwegunya elilawulayo, ukubhengezwa kwezakhono, amandla ongxamiseko, ukuqiqa kokufuduka, uphando lolawulo kunye neemeko zemali, kunye nokufumana iziphumo ezinokungafezeki phantsi kohlalutyo olucacileyo okanye olungokwesithethe.

Le ngcamango ibalaselisa indlela ukukhusela amalungelo abantu okunokuthotywa ngayo kungengatshintsho olungqalileyo olungokwasemthethweni kodwa ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphangaleleyo okuqonda adlula kwizinto eziqhelekileyo zokukhusela nokukhusela okufanelekileyo.

Ucelomngeni Lokufumana Nokunyanzeliswa

Ukufikelela kumathuba alinganayo entlalo-ntle, ukuhambela, ukuthatha inxaxheba, nokungangeni ngeniso qha, kwaya kuxhomekeka ngokukhulayo kulungelelaniso lwezopolitiko, ukungathethi nto, okanye kubuchule bokufumana intsebenziswano. Ukhuseleko olulinganayo luxhomekeke kulawulo lobundilele nangakumbi kulungiso oluthe lwasemva kwegunya.

Oku kuphawula into ebalulekileyo: ukuba namalungelo oluntu ephepheni akusoloko kuguqulela ekukhuseleni okusebenzayo. Iinkqubo ezinyanzelisayo, ukufikelela kumelo olusemthethweni, nokuvuma kwamaqumrhu ukukhusela amalungelo ngokunempumelelo konke okudlala indima ebalulekileyo enoba ukhuseleko lwamalungelo abantu lunentsingiselo kusini na.

Indlela Yokukhusela Amalungelo Akho Asekuhlaleni

Kubalulekile ukuba uwaqonde amalungelo akho, kodwa nawaphi amanyathelo asebenzayo onokuwathabatha xa ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe.

Phendla InjiniName

Ukuba ucalucalulwe okanye ukhathazwa, bhala phantsi iziganeko. bhala phantsi okwenzekayo, xa kwenzeka, ebandakanyekileyo, kunye nawo nawaphi na amangqina. Gcina ii-imeyili, imiyalezo, kunye nezinye incoko yababini ezifanelekileyo.

Ingxelo Yangaphakathi

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ingakumbi kwimicimbi yomsebenzi nakwimfundo, kufuneka uqalise ukuxela ucalucalulo okanye ukukhathazwa ngemijelo yangaphakathi. Oku kungathetha ukutyala isebe lobuncwane loluntu, ukuthetha nomphathi wesikolo, okanye ukusebenzisa inkqubo yesikhalazo sentlangano.

Ukunikela ingxelo yangaphakathi kufeza iinjongo eziliqela: inika umbutho ithuba lokulungisa ingxaki, yenza ingxelo yesikhalazo sakho, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, iyimfuneko phambi kokuba ufune amayeza angaphandle.

Ifayile Ingcinga ne-Arhente efanelekileyo

Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo localulo oye walufumana, amasebe awahlukeneyo asingatha izikhalazo zamalungelo abantu. Kwityala lemisebenzi, ungafaka isityholo kwiKhomishoni ye-Akhawuleze Imisebenzi Yomsebenzi (EOC) okanye kwisebe lombuso lakho elifanelekileyo lokusebenza. Ukucalucalula, ukuqhagamshelana neSebe le House kunye noPhuhliso (UD) okanye iziko lezendlu lesizwe. Ukucalucalucalulo lwemfundo, ungafaka ifayile neSebe le-ofisi yemfundo yamaLungelo ka-Ovilement.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uye wacalulwa, CRD isenokukunceda kwinkqubo yayo yokukhalaza. Eli sebe likwanika ulwazi ngokubanzi kunye neziphumo ze-intanethi ezimalunga nokukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu.

Aba bameli baphanda izikhalazo kwaye banokunceda ekucombululeni iingxabano ngokulungisa imicimbi, ukudibanisa, okanye ukwenza imigaqo. Abaninzi banexesha elingqongqo lokuzibekela ixesha lokulungisa izikhalazo, ngoko kubalulekile ukwenza izinto ngokukhawuleza.

Funa Uncedo Lwasemthethweni

Amatyala amalungelo abantu anokuba nzima, kwaye ukuba nomelo olusemthethweni kungawaphucula ngokuphawulekayo amathuba akho okuba nempumelelo. Imibutho emininzi yamalungelo abantu inikela uncedo olukhululekileyo okanye oluphantsi olusemthethweni. Ungaphinda uqhagamshelane negqwetha labucala elinobuchule kumthetho wamalungelo abantu.

Ukubekwa kwetyala kwangqineka kuphumelela ekumiseni imida engokomGaqo-siseko, iinkundla zisoloko zigatya ukukhangelwa kwemiqathango kunye nocalulo ngeembono zomntu ngoxa zikhusela amalungelo athile e-odwa. Oku kungenelela kwabonisa ukuba ukhuseleko olusemthethweni olusemthethweni lusasebenza/ngokusetyenziswa kwe-atrapit esoloko isebenza kunokuba ithintele. Iinkundla kunye noxinzelelo lukawonke-wonke lubonelelwa ngokusesikweni, ikakhulu emva kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo yaye ngokufuthi kumaxesha akutshanje.

Bazi Abafi

Izikhalazo zamalungelo abemi ziphantsi kwemithetho engqongqo ecwangcisiweyo. Umzekelo, kufuneka ufake ityala le-EEOC rhoqo ngeentsuku ezili-180 zesenzo solwaphulo-mthetho (okanye iintsuku ezingama-300 ukuba imeko yakho inomthetho wayo ochasene nolwaphulo-mthetho). Ukungalufumani olu xesha lungathetha ukulahlekelwa lilungelo lakho lokufuna ukusukela intetho, ngoko kubalulekile ukwenza ngokukhawuleza.

Izinto Ezinokukunceda Ufunde Okungakumbi Ngamalungelo Akho

Imibutho emininzi namaqumrhu karhulumente anikela inkcazelo noncedo olunxulumene namalungelo abantu. Nazi ezinye izinto ezingundoqo:

Ingxakeko yomanyano

I-Aumence Obbection Opportunity Commission (EOC) inyanzelisa imithetho yocalulo lwezemisebenzi yesizwe kwaye inika inkcazelo ebanzi ngamalungelo omsebenzi ku- www.eoc.gov. ISebe leJaji leSizwe lamaLungelo aMalungelo eSizwe liqinisekisa imithetho yamalungelo abantu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. ISebe lemfundo leHofisi yezemfundo yaMalizwana eZiko loMsebenzi lisingatha izikhalazo zocalulo kwimfundo.

Imeko kunye neZinto zasekuhlaleni

Uninzi lwamazwe anamalungelo awo asekuhlaleni okanye amaziko alwela amalungelo abantu anyanzelisa imithetho echasene nokungavumelani. La masebe asoloko enikela ukhuseleko oluphangaleleyo kunomthetho karhulumente kwaye anokuba lubuncwane obubalulekileyo bokuqonda amalungelo akho phantsi komthetho karhulumente.

Imibutho yobusela

Imibutho efana ne-American Liberties Union (ACLU), iNaACP Legal Defense, iLambda esemthethweni, iZiko loMthetho leSizwe laMabhinqa, kunye nezinye ezininzi zinikela uncedo olusemthethweni, ubungangamsha, kunye nobuncwane bemfundo kwimibandela yamalungelo abantu. Uninzi lujolise ingqalelo kuluntu oluthile okanye kwiintlobo zocalucalulo kwaye lunganikezela ngobuchule obukhethekileyo.

Ukubaluleka Kokubandakanyeka Kwisityalo Secapuca

Ukhuseleko lwamalungelo amakhaya alufuni ukulondolozwa, lufuna ukuhlala luphaphile, lunganyaniseki, luze ludibane noluntu. Ukuqonda amalungelo akho kubalulekile, kodwa ngokunjalo kunenxaxheba kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi ebumba loo malungelo nokuwakhusela.

Ukuzibandakanya Kwezobupolitika Nezorhwebo

Amagosa aqatshelweyo kuwo onke amanqanaba karhulumente enza izigqibo ezichaphazela ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu. Ukunikwa imvume kumazwe asekuhlaleni, kurhulumente, nakurhulumente kukuvumela ukuba uxhase abo babeka amalungelo asekuhlaleni kwindawo yokuqala. Ngaphandle kokuvota, ungaqhagamshelana nabameli bakho ngemibandela yamalungelo abantu, ubekho kwiiholo zedolophu, uze ube nenxaxheba ekugqabazeni esidlangalaleni ngemimiselo ecetyisiweyo.

Ubuchule boluntu

Ukungenelela okanye ukuxhasa imibutho yamalungelo abantu kukwenza uthethe kakuhle kwaye kunegalelo kwimigudu ekhoyo yokukhusela nokwandisa amalungelo.

Comment

Oku kusenokuthetha ukunikela ingxelo yeziganeko, ukuxhasa amaxhoba, okanye ukusebenzisa ilizwi lakho ukucel ’ umngeni izenzo nemigaqo yokucalula. Khumbula ukuba ukuziphindezela ngenxa yokuchasa ucalucalulo akuvumelekanga kwiimeko ezininzi.

Ukhuseleko Olukhethekileyo Kubemi Abaneendleko Ezininzi

Ngoxa imithetho yamalungelo abantu ikhusela abantu abaninzi, abanye abantu bajamelana neengxaki ezikhethekileyo yaye banezinto ezithile ezibakhuselayo ukuze bahlangabezane neengxaki zabo.

Amalungelo Abaphambukeli

Umzekelo, bonke abasebenzi bakhuselwa ngemithetho yeyure, nangemiqathango yokhuseleko emsebenzini. Abafundi banelungelo lokuya kwizikolo zikawonke wonke kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabangeni-mazwe. Kodwa ke, ukufuduka kunokwenza abantu bangabi namdla kwiingenelo nakukhuseleko.

Imibutho yamalungelo abantu iye yaphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nomthetho wokunyanzelisa abantu ukuba bangene. Ukunyanzeliswa kolawulo lokufuduka ngumthwalo worhulumente wesizwe, kungekhona wamagunya karhulumente nawasekuhlaleni. Kodwa kwiminyaka engama-20 edluleyo, i-ICE yakha isiseko sayo sokugxotha kwimiqathango yomthetho wasekuhlaleni, ixhomekeke kumasebe amapolisa nawabaphathi-mikhosi ukuchaza ulwazi nokuvala ngokungekho mthethweni abantu ngenxa yetyala lokufuduka kwabemi.

LGBTQ+ amalungelo

Isihloko VII soMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1964 silwalela ucalucalulo lwemisebenzi ngenxa yembonakalo yesondo okanye ubufanasini. Oku kuqukwa ngumthetho olalela ukucalucalulwa kwemisebenzi ngokwesini. Le nkcazelo, emiselwe yiNkundla Ephakamileyo, inikela ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo lwe-LGBTQ+ abasebenzi.

Noko ke, ukhuseleko lwahluka kakhulu ngokwendawo nelizwe. Amanye amazwe nezixeko anemithetho ebanzi echasene nokungqubana ngokwesini neempawu zesini kwimisebenzi, kwizindlu, nakwiindawo zokuhlala zikawonke wonke, ngoxa amanye enikela imigaqo elinganiselweyo okanye engakhuseli cacileyo.

Amalungelo amavolontiya

I-Unistra ifuna abaqeshi ukuba banike amalungu enkonzo aphezulu, isikhundla, kunye nomlinganiselo wentlawulo ababeya kuba nazo ukuba bebesoloko beqeshwe ngumqeshi wabo ngaphandle kophumlo kwinkonzo yasemkhosini.

Ezi zikhuseli ziqinisekisa ukuba inkonzo yasemkhosini ayiphumeleli ekungasebenzini kakuhle kwaye amagqala anokubuyela ngokuphumelelayo kwimisebenzi yasekuhlaleni.

Udanyazo kunye namalungelo asekuhlaleni

Abantu basoloko beneempawu ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo ngendlela ezichaphazela amava abo ocalucalulo. Umzekelo, ibhinqa elintsundu lingajamelana nocalucalulo olwahlukileyo koko kuthethwa ngamadoda antsundu okanye amabhinqa amhlophe. Ukuqonda ukudibana kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zesazisi kudityaniswa njani ukuze kuveliswe amava akhethekileyo ocalucalulo, qha, abaluleke kakhulu ekukhuseleni amalungelo abantu ngokupheleleyo.

Imithetho yamalungelo abantu iya ilwamkela ucalucalulo oludibeneyo, nangona kusekho imingeni kwindlela iinkqubo zomthetho ezilusingatha ngayo ucalulo olungalufanelanga kakuhle kwiqela elinye. Xa kucelwa izikhalazo okanye ufuna unyango, kubalulekile ukuchaza zonke iindlela okholelwa ukuba ucalucalulo lwenzekile, nokuba luquka iimpawu ezininzi ezikhuselweyo.

Indima yabaqeshi neziko

Ngoxa ubukhulu becala eli nqaku ligxininisa kumalungelo abantu ngabanye, abaqeshi, izikolo nakwamanye amaziko aneembopheleleko ezibalulekileyo phantsi kwemithetho yamalungelo abantu.

Unikezelo oluzenzekelayo

Iziko alifanele lilindele izikhalazo zokucombulula imicimbi yamalungelo abantu. Kufuneka zibe nemigaqo ecacileyo echasene nokungathobeka, zinike uqeqesho kubaqeshwa nabafundi, zimisele iinkqubo zokukhalaza ezisebenzayo, zithathe amanyathelo asebenzayo ukuthintela ucalucalulo nokukhathazwa.

ICRD isebenzela ukuxhasa olu sukelo ngemigudu emininzi yokufikelela, kuquka ukuqhuba i-intanethi kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho kunye neengxelo, ukupapasha nokusasaza izikhokelo kunye neengcambu zembali, nokusebenza ngokungqalileyo namaqabane oluntu ukuchaza nokuphendula kwiingxaki zamalungelo abantu abajongene nazo kwi-Khalifoniya kulo lonke elo lizwe. Umzekelo, ngowama-2025, isebe lathatha inxaxheba kwiziganeko eziphantse zibe ngama-300 ngaphaya kweKhalifoniya.

Ukusabela Ngokukhawuleza Nanempumelelo

Xa kuchazwa ukuba ucalucalulo okanye ukukhathazwa, amaziko kufuneka athabathe inyathelo ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo. Oku kuquka ukuqhuba uphando olucokisekileyo, ukuthatha inyathelo elifanelekileyo lokulungisa, nokuthintela ukuziphindezelela kwabo bakhalazayo. Ukungasabeli ngokufanelekileyo kungangqubana nemithetho yamalungelo abantu.

Ukudala Okusingqongileyo okuqukayo

Ngaphandle kokuthotyelwa ngokusemthethweni, amaziko kufuneka azabalazele ukwenza iindawo ezihlala abantu abahlala kuzo ngenene apho bonke abantu beziva bemkelekile kwaye bexabisekile. Oku kungaquka iinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye namanyathelo okudibanisa, uphuhliso lokufikelela ngaphaya kobuncinane obusemthethweni, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo engaphaya koko kufunekayo ngokusemthethweni ukukhuthaza ukulingana.

Ukuqulunqa Iimbambano Zamalungelo Amakhaya

Njengoko ibutho labantu nobugcisa butshintsha, kuvela iingxaki ezintsha zamalungelo abantu. Ukuhlala usazi ngezi ngxaki zikhulayo kunceda ukhuseleko lwamalungelo abantu luhambisane neemeko eziguqukayo.

Amanani obuqu kunye nobuninzi

Iminyaka yezobugcisa iye yabangela iingxaki ezintsha zobuqu nokuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu.

Ubuntlola Nocalucalulo Olwenziweyo

Njengoko ubukrelekrele obungebobobunyani budlala indima ekhulayo kwizigqibo zemisebenzi, ukubolekisa, izindlu, nezinye iindawo, kuye kwavela inkxalabo malunga nocalucalulo lwe-algoric. Iinkqubo ze-Al zingaqhubekisela phambili okanye zide zikhulise ikhethe elikhoyo ukuba aliyilwanga ngobuchule kwaye alikhange lijongwe. Amaziko okunyanzelisa amalungelo amakhaya aqala ukuchaza indlela imithetho elwa nolwaphulo-mthetho oluchasene nomthetho-Al.

Ukufumana inkxaso-mali

Ukufumaneka kwempilo nomgangatho wokhuseleko kuphakamisa imibandela ebalulekileyo yamalungelo abantu, ingakumbi ngokuphathelele ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwisiphene, uhlanga, isini, nezinye iimpawu ezikhuselweyo. Isifo seCOVID-19 sibalaselisa ukwahluka kolwazi lwempilo neziphumo, sivuselela ukujolisa ingqalelo kwimpilo elungeleleneyo njengembambano yamalungelo abantu.

Isiphelo: Ukukhusela Amalungelo Kufuna Ukunyaniseka

Amalungelo enu angabantu akhuseleke kakhulu phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bemihla ngemihla.

Noko ke, la malungelo awaziqeshi. Afuna ukuba abantu abaqondayo ukukhusela kwabo, amaziko athatha iimbopheleleko zabo nzulu, abanyanzeli bomthetho abaphanda ukwaphulwa, kunye neenkundla ezixhasa ukukhusela okusemthethweni.

Ngokuqonda amalungelo akho oluntu, ukwazi indlela yokuwaqinisekisa xa kuyimfuneko, nokuba nenxaxheba kwiinkqubo zedemokhrasi ezibumba ezi zikhuselo, ufak' isandla kwibutho labantu elinobulungisa nelilinganayo. Nokuba uyayiqhuba imbambano yomsebenzi, uqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana iinkonzo ezifanelekileyo zemfundo, okanye uqhubeka nje nemisebenzi yakho yamihla ngemihla, amalungelo akho anika ukhuseleko oluyimfuneko olufanele ukuqwalaselwa nokuhlonelwa.

Ukuze ufumane ulwazi olungakumbi malunga nemibandela ethile yamalungelo abantu okanye ukuchaza ucalucalulo, jonga ugcino-lwazi olukhankanywe kulo lonke eli nqaku, kuquka iKhomishini ye-Ofisi yoMsebenzi , iMvume yamaLungelo eSiko-mthetho , kunye namaqumrhu alwela amalungelo abantu. Khumbula ukuba izikhalazo ezininzi zamalungelo abantu zinemida engqongqo, ngoko ke ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho aye aphulwa, funa uncedo ngokukhawuleza.

Amalungelo oluntu amela idinga eliqhubekayo lokulingana nokusesikweni phantsi komthetho. Ukuqonda nokukhusela la malungelo akuyongenelo nje yomntu ngamnye, kungokuphakamisa amaxabiso angundoqo enza ukuba ibutho labantu elikhululekileyo nelinobulungisa libenako ukufumaneka kuye wonke umntu.

Utyekelo Olubalulekileyo Ngamalungelo Akho Asekuhlaleni

  • Imithetho yamalungelo abantu ikhusela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, imibala, unqulo, isini, imvelaphi yesizwe, ubudala, ubulwelwe, nezinye iimpawu kulo lonke ixesha lomsebenzi, indawo yokuhlala, imfundo, kunye neendawo zokuhlala zikawonke-wonke.
  • Amalungelo omsebenzi: imithetho yeFederal kunye nerejista yorhulumente yolela ucalulo kuzo zonke iinkalo zemisebenzi, ifuna indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo yokunqanda imilwelo kunye nezenzo zonqulo, kwaye ikhusela ekuphindezeleni ngokuqinisekisa amalungelo akho.
  • [[Unikezelo:0] olupheleleyo: indawo yoluntu yokuhlala kufuneka inikezele inkonzo efanayo kubo bonke abathengi, kwaye iimfuno zokufumaneka ziqinisekisa abantu abakhubazekileyo ukuba bangafumana amashishini neenkonzo.
  • Imfundo ekhuselekileyo: Abafundi banelungelo lokufundisa ngaphandle kocalucalulo nokukhathazwa, kunye nezokhuseleko olukhethekileyo kubafundi abaneziphene kunye nekhuseli nxamnye nocalucalulo lwesini phantsi kwesihloko se-IX.
  • Yazi Imiqathango Yakho: Ukuba ucalucalulo, amaxwebhu eziganeko, ingxelo ngemijelo efanelekileyo, kunye nezikhalazo zefayile ezinxulumene namaqumrhu afanelekileyo akwixesha elifanelekileyo.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Uqulunqo aluvumelekanga: Awunako ukohlwaywa ngokuxela ucalulo, izikhalazo ezivakalayo, okanye ukuba nenxaxheba kuphando lwamalungelo abantu.
  • Imicimbi ye-Cicobic Ukuncedisana: Ukukhusela amalungelo asekuhlaleni kufuna ukuqwalaselwa okuqhubekayo, ulawulo lwedemokhrasi kunye nokuba nenxaxheba kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi ebumba ezi nqanaba.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imithombo ikhona:[ amasebe kaRhulumente, imibutho yoncedo olusemthethweni, kunye namaqela ogunyaziso anika ulwazi noncedo kwimibandela yamalungelo abantu.