Ukwazisa

Ukunxulumana nabantu basekuhlaleni . Nokuba ngaba kuya kungenelela ekuhlaleni, ukuvakalisa iimbono kwimicimbi yoluntu, okanye ukulungiselela iingxoxo zobume basekuhlaleni, kusisixhobo sokuthatha inxaxheba kwe-demokhrasi. Ukuqonda amalungelo asemthethweni akhusela le misebenzi kukunika amandla okuxhasa ngokunempumelelo ngaphandle koloyiko lokuphazamisa okungekho mthethweni. Ngoxa ukubandakanyeka koluntu kunganemvuzo, kukwafuna ukuphaphela imida kunye nokhuseleko oluchazwa ngumthetho. Oku kukhokela oku okubanzi kugquma amalungelo angundoqo okuthabatha inxaxheba, ukusuka ekuthetheleni ngokukhululekile nakwindibano ukuya kwimfiliba nakufikelela kulwazi. Ukwazi la malungelo kukunceda uqhubele phambili iinkqubo zolawulo zasekuhlaleni, ugcine abasemagunyeni, kwaye unikele kwilungu eliphambili, elizimeleyo.

Ukufanelekela Inkululeko Yokuthetha

UHlaliso Lokuqala loMgaqo-siseko wase-U.S. luqinisekisa ilungelo lenkululeko yokuthetha, enwebela ukuba nenxaxheba ekuhlaleni. Oku kuquka ukuvakalisa iimbono eziselubalazweni, ukubhalela amagosa asekuhlaleni iileta, ukuhambisa abaphangi, nokufaka inxaxheba kwimilo yoxolo. Noko ke, eli lungelo aliphelelisi; alikhuseli intetho exhokonxa ugonyamelo, yenza ukuhlaziswa, okanye ichasene nemithetho echasene nokukhathazwa ngokwesigqeba. Umzekelo, ungagxeka isigqibo sebhunga lebhunga lesixeko ngexesha lokugqabaza, kodwa urhulumente usenokungalibeka ixesha elifanelekileyo, indawo, kunye nemiqathango yentetho, efuna ukuba kuvunywe imiboniso emikhulu, kodwa le nto kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokukhulula nokuvula indlela yokuzichaza.

Ukhuselo lwentetho kuLuhlu loLuntu

Iintlanganiso zikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni, iipaki, kunye neendlela zesithethe zoluntu apho umsebenzi wokuthetha ufumana ukhuseleko olunamandla. Unelungelo lokuphatha imiqondiso, ukuvuma iziqubulo, nokuhambisa uncwadi, ukuba nje awukuthinteli okanye ubangele iingozi zokhuseleko. Amakhorali aye asoloko exhasa ilungelo lokubandakanyeka kwintetho yomfuziselo, njengokunxiba iintambo okanye ukubonisa iiflegi, logama lingaphazamisani nemicimbi karhulumente. Amagosa kawonke-wonke akanakuziphindezela ngokuchaza iimbono ezingathandekiyo, kwaye nawuphi na umzamo wokugweba ngokusekelwe kwintetho yayo umele ukuva.

Imida Yokuthetha Ngenkululeko

Ngelixesha libanzi, inkululeko yokuzichaza inemida. Ukuhloniphiswa kumsebenzi wolwaphulo-mthetho osondeleyo, amazwi okulwa, kunye nezisongelo zokwenyaniso azikhuselwanga. Umzekelo, ukukhwaza ugculelo lobuhlanga kummelwane ngexesha lomqobo kusenokukhokelela kwityala loluntu okanye kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Intetho yentengiso . "ezifana nokubhengeza ishishini" ifumana ukhuseleko oluncinci kwaye ilawulwa ngenxa yenyaniso. Ngokubhekele phandle, iintetho (intetho zobuxoki ezonzakalisayo ezona ngxaki) azikhuselekanga. Abaququququzeli boluntu kufuneka bazikhumbule ezi zinto zichasene neziphumo ezisemthethweni xa besenza amalungelo angundoqo achazayo.

Ukunelungelo Lokuba Nenxaxheba Kwiintlanganiso Zasesidlangalaleni

Inkoliso yamaqumrhu karhulumente wasekuhlaleni ``iibhunga lesixeko', iibhodi zesikolo,' kunye neekhomishini zokucwangcisa imfuneko yemithetho yentlanganiso evulekileyo (ngokufuthi ibizwa ngokuba “yimithetho ekhazimlayo”) ukuqhuba ishishini ekuhleni. Eli lungelo liqinisekisa ukuba abemi balapho bayakwazi ukuya kwiintlanganiso, bagcine ukwenza izigqibo, kwaye ngokufuthi bavakalise iimbono zabo ngexesha lokuphendula kwabantu abathenjiweyo. Iimbono ziyahluka-tshintsha ngokorhulumente, kodwa jikelele, kufuneka kunikwe isaziso sentlanganiso, kuvunyelwe ukubhalwa (ngemithetho esengqiqweni), kwaye akunakubashiya abantu abasekelwe kwimbono yabo. Amanye amarheli afuna ukuba iintlanganiso zifikeleleke kubantu abaneziphene.

Iinkqubo zokuNcokoza

Oorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni babekela bucala ixesha ngexesha lentlanganiso yamagqabaza kawonke-wonke. Unelungelo lokuthetha, kodwa abameli basenokubeka imiqathango esengqiqweni, njengemida yexesha (umz., imizuzu emithathu ngesithethi) okanye bafuna ukuba usayine kusengaphambili. Le mithetho mayisetyenziswe ngokulinganayo kubo bonke abathethi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kuphi na isikhundla sabo. [ukube ungaba ukhanyeli] ithuba lokuthetha ngenxa yokuba iimbono zakho ziphikisana, nto leyo enokuthi yaphule amalungelo akho okuQala uLawulo. Kuyacetyiswa ukulungiselela iintetho ezimfihlelo nokupakisha izinto ukuba intlanganiso ilandela ulungiselelo olulungeleneyo. Ukuqonda okunzulu kweemhlangano, [[FLT] iKomiti yenkululeko ye-Prompmpmpt]

Ukushicilela Nokuya Kwiintlanganiso

Ilungelo lakho lokuya kwiintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke liquka ilungelo lokushicilela ividiyo okanye isandi, logama nje ungaphazamisi iziganeko. Amanye amagunya afuna ukuphawulwa ngaphambi kokuba ubhale, kodwa ukuvalwa okungqalileyo kokushicilela kuqhelekile. Ukuba udibana nemiqobo . Izahlulelo `njengeminyango etshixiweyo ngexesha lentlanganiso ephawuliweyo okanye umphathi-mikhosi ozama ukukushiya umva isiganeko kwaye acinge ukuvala isikhalazo. [[FLT: 0] Amagosa e-Indawo avukela imithetho yentlanganiso angajongana nesohlwayo, kwaye izigqibo ezenziwe kwintlanganiso ezivaliweyo zisenokulahlwa.

Ukuzimela Uwedwa Nokhuseleko

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kuluntu akufunekanga kukuchaphazele ekuhlukunyezweni, kwizisongelo, okanye ekuziphindezeleni. Ngoxa urhulumente enembopheleleko yokugcina ucwangco, kufuneka akhusele abathathi-nxaxheba ekonakalisweni. Oku kuquka ukukhusela ulwaphulo-mthetho lwentiyo, ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela ngokukhuselekileyo kwiimbutho zikawonke-wonke, kwaye hayi ukukhupha ulwazi lobuqu oluqokelelwe ngexesha lokuthabatha inxaxheba (umz., idilesi yakho esuka kwisicelo sokufaka isicelo). [FLT: 0] amalungelo akho obuqu phantsi kwemithetho efana ne-Scriver’s Accelight Protect ilinganisela indlela abanokulwabelana ngayo ulwazi lobuqu. Ukuba ujongenezisongelo sobuqu ngenxa yokuthatha kwakho isenzo sobugracism, ungacela ukukhuselwa okanye ukunqanda umthetho.

Ukukhusela ekubuyiselweni

Amagosa kawonke-wonke akanakukwazi ukukuphindezela ngokusebenzisa amalungelo akho, umzekelo, ngokukukhanyela, ngokukuhlupha ngexesha lokunyanzelisa ikhowudi, okanye ngokusika iinkonzo kwimpahla yakho. Izenzo ezinjalo zingaphazamisa uHlaliso Lokuqala noKhuselo olulinganayo luka-Claus. ukuba ukrokrela impindezelo, uxwebhu, uquka iintlanganiso, amaxesha, namangqina. Uyakwazi ukuqhagamshelana negqwetha amalungelo abantu. i-Lobileties Union (ACLT)[FLT] inika ubuncwane kwaye inika uncedo olusemthethweni lwendlela yokulungisa i-orlectal-octriver-s. [FLT]

Inkxalabo Yasese Ngogcino - lwazi

Xa usayina izibongozo, udibanisa amaqela oluntu, okanye uthethe ezintlanganisweni, igama lakho nedilesi yakho zingaba yingxelo yoluntu. Noko ke, amanye amazwe akuvumela ukuba ukhethe ukuba ungabeki ulwazi lwakho kwi-intanethi. Lumka ukwabelana ngeenkcukacha ezivakalayo ngexesha loluvo loluntu ukuba woyika ukuziphindezela. Ukuba ulixhoba lokuzingela okanye lokuzikisa.

Ilungelo lokufumana ulwazi lukawonke-wonke

Ukucaca gca kuyimfuneko ekuthabatheni inxaxheba koluntu ngolwazi. Phantsi kwenkululeko yorhulumente neyaselurhulumenteni yemithetho yolwazi (FOIA), unelungelo lokucela iirekhodi ezivela kumasebe karhulumente, kuquka imizuzu yeentlanganiso, uqingqo-mali, ii-imeyili phakathi kwamagosa, kwaye uvumela iinkqubo zenkonzo. I-AA kufuneka iphendule ngaphakathi kwisakhelo sexesha elifanelekileyo, ngokwesiqhelo iintsuku ezingama-20 zoshishino phantsi kwe-FOIA, kwaye inokuthi inqabe kuphela ulwazi phantsi kokungabikho okukhethekileyo (umz., ukhuseleko lobuqu, i-gqweqwele-e). Ukuba isicelo sakho sikhatyisiwe, ungabhenela okanye umangaliso lwezomthetho. Iingxelo ezininzi zinemithetho evulekileyo yokufikelela kwiFOA.

Indlela Yokwenza Isicelo Esinempumelelo Se - FOIA

Qalisa ngokuchonga iirekhodi ezithile ozifunayo . amanye amasebe ahlawula iindleko zokukhuphela nokukhangela, kodwa angasifaka isicelo esibhaliweyo nge-intanethi ukuba sikhona, okanye athumele isicelo nge-imeyili okanye iposi eqinisekisiweyo. Quka nolwazi lwakho loqhagamshelwano, inkcazelo yeerekhodi, kunye nefomati yexesha elifanelekileyo yokuphendula. [[FLT:] amanye amasebe ahlawula iindleko zokukhuphela nokukhangela, kodwa angasibuyisela ukuba isicelo sinceda umdla kawonke-wonke. yoncedo, i-RFT] i-RGOD yenkululeko yolwazi inika izikhokelo kunye nomzekelo weeleta.

Ukujonga phambi koshicilelo korhulumente wangaphakathi

Oorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni bapapasha iingongoma, imizuzu, neengxelo zemali kwii-website zabo. Ukuba ulwazi alukho, ungafuna ukuthotyelwa. Sebenzisa ukubonakala okucacileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imali kawonke-wonke isetyenziswe kakuhle okanye izigqibo ezibekwa phantsi kwemithetho. Khumbula: izicatshulwa zolwazi zilungile, azilolungelo. Ukuba ujongene nolibaziseko olugqithisileyo okanye intlawulo, ungafaka ingxelo yelizwana kwigqwetha-mthetho okanye kwinkundla yetyala.

Kulungile Ukuhlanganisa Nonxulumano

IsiHlamlisi Sokuqala sikhusela ilungelo lakho lokuhlanganisa nabanye ngenjongo zoxolo, njengokulungiselela umlindi wongingqi, ukwenza ingeniso, okanye ukulungiselela isiganeko soluntu. Oku kuquka ilungelo lokuhlanganisa kwizithuba zikawonke-wonke njengezitrato kunye neepaki, nangona ungafuna imvume yamaqela amakhulu. izikhululo azinakukwazi ukumisela izindululo ezicacileyo, ezibiza imali eninzi, okanye ezisekelwe kwiimbono zeqela. Ukubhiyo, iinkundla ziqaphele ukuba akufuni mvume ukuba isiganeko sikhawulezile kwaye asicwangciseki.

Ukuyila nokuthelekisa amaqela oluntu

Unelungelo lokwenza okanye lokudibanisa ngaphandle kokungenelela korhulumente. Oku kuquka unxulumano lwamakhaya, amaqela oonongendi, kunye nemibutho yamatsha - ntliziyo. Urhulumente akanakukukunyanzela ukuba utyhile uluhlu lwamalungu okanye ukohlwaya ngenxa yokuba ungomnye wamaqela aphikisanayo. Njniew, ukuba useka iqela elibandakanyeka kwimisebenzi engekho mthethweni (umz., ukonakalisa okanye izisongelo), amalungelo akho anokulinganiselwa.[[ Inkululeko yeZizwe ikhusela ilungelo lokunganxulumani.]

Indibano Nemvume Yoxolo

Ukuba uceba ukukhenketha okanye ukuhlanganisa, khangela iimfuno zemvume zasekuhlaleni kwangoko. Iimali zemvume kufuneka zibe nengqiqo kwaye zingasekelwa kwisiseko sentetho yakho. [[FLT: 0] Abalawuli bangakhanyela kuphela imvume yezizathu ezicacileyo zokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, ezifana nemida okanye ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwendlela yokuhamba. Ukuba uyakhanyelwa, ungabhenela okanye ukhethe enye indawo. Ngamaxesha onke unecebo lokukhulula kwaye uyazi ukuba abachasi-processs banomalungelo oluntu.[FLT:] kodwa abanako ukusivala isiganeko sakho ngokoqobo.

Ilungelo Lokucela Urhulumente

Ilungelo lokucela likuvumela ukuba ucele okanye uhlawulelwe kwiqumrhu likarhulumente. Oku kuquka ukutyikitywa okanye ukubhaliswa kwezicelo, ukuthobela izikhalazo, kunye nokubhenela kumagosa anyuliweyo. izindululo eziphathelele uwiso-mthetho, ulawulo, okanye imicimbi yokugweba zikhuselwe, kwaye awunako ukohlwaywa ngenxa yokwenza oko. Umzekelo, ungahlanganisa utyikityo oluthatha inyathelo lokuqala lwasekuhlaleni kwibhola okanye ufakela isikhalazo ngengozi sendlela. Urhulumente makacinge ngesicelo sakho ngokholo olulungileyo, nangona kungafuneki ukuba uvume izicelo zakho.

Ukhuseleko Lwabaceli

Ukhuselwe ekuziphindezeleni xa usenza izicelo zamalungelo. Ukuba ujongene nezisongelo kubantu abazimeleyo, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kufuneka uphande. Noko ke, phawula ukuba ukucela kungalawulwa kwimida engekhoyo yoluntu njengangaphakathi kwezakhiwo zikarhulumente] ungafuna imvume yokuhambisa izibongozo kwiipaseji. Kumthetho wophando, kusoloko kukho utyikityo oludibanisa imithetho, enjengemiqathangokunyanzelo kunye neemfuno zokunga. Ukutyeshela le mithetho kunokwenza ityala, ngoko ke ngophando lwasekuhlaleni.

Isicelo samanani kunye nenkcazo kawonke-wonke

Ukhupho lwangaphakathi lwesicelo (umz., Utshintsho.org) lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kodwa ubunzima bazo obusemthethweni buyahluka. Isicelo samanani esithunyelwa kwibhunga lesixeko singathathwa njenge gqabaza likawonke-wonke, kodwa asixhobi izibophelelo ezifanayo ezisemthethweni njengenyathelo lokuqala elisemthethweni. Ukwandisa iziphumo, khupha izibongozo ezikwiziqhagamshelanisi ezisemthethweni kwaye ulandele ngesiqinisekiso esithe ngqo kwiintlanganiso. Isicelo kwakhona siquka umbhali, abameli abameli abafaka ii-imeyili, nokuvela phambi kwekomiti.

Unyango Olusemthethweni Nezibonelelo

Ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe ngexesha lokuthabatha inxaxheba koluntu, uneenketho. Kuqala, bhala yonke into: iinkcukacha zesiganeko, amagama amagosa, kunye nawo nawaphi na amangqina. ngoko, qwalasela ukubeka isikhalazo esisemthethweni kwisebe (umz., isibheno okanye isikhalazo kumphathi wamapolisa). Xa ukruthaz'umlomo onzulu, udedededededede okanye uciseko lwentetho, `````ukuphinde ujonge igqwetha amalungelo oluntu' okanye umbutho woncedo olusemthethweni njengo Uncedo olusemthethweni. . [UFLT].] Usenokufaka kwakhona unxibelelwano phantsi ko-U-U-U-S.C. 1983

Imithombo yoLuntu

  • [[UMTL:0] iikliniki ezisemthethweni ezikufutshane – isoloko inika icebiso lesisa kwintlanganiso ezivulekileyo nakwiFOIA.
  • Imithetho yokuziphatha yemo yogunyaziso – Cacisa izikhalazo malunga nomdla okanye ukungahambi kakuhle.
  • Amaqela angenisa ingeniso arhwaphilizo – afana noManyano lwaManyano lwamabhinqa okanye iCwangciso.
  • I-ombudsperson – Ezinye izixeko zineofisi ezizimeleyo yokuphanda izikhalazo zabemi.

Ufuna Nini Umelo Lwasemthethweni

Ukuba ufumana umonakalo obonakalayo . njengokuphulukana nomsebenzi ngenxa yokuziphindezela ngokuthetha ngaphandle kwegama. Amagqwetha amaninzi amalungelo oluntu asebenza ngokuvumelana okanye ngokunika ukhangelo lwamahlandla lwamahala. Kwizenzo zeqela, ziqwalasela ukuqhagamshelana okanye umbutho ofanayo. Khumbula: imida yexesha iyasebenza; kuba iCandelo lo1998 lithetha, ummiselo wemiqathango uxhomekeke kumbuso wakho iminyaka engama-2/3.

Isiphelo

Ukwazi amalungelo akho asemthethweni linyathelo lokuqala lokuphumelela ekuthabatheni inxaxheba kuluntu. Ukusuka kwintetho ekhululekileyo nokuvula iintlanganiso ukuya kwi-odwa kunye nokufikelela kulwazi, ezi zikhuseli ziqinisekisa ukuba ilizwi lakho lingaviwa ngaphandle koloyiko. Ngoxa imithetho eyahlukeneyo ngegunya, imigaqo engundoqo ihlala ihleli: urhulumente akanako ukohlwaya ngokuthetha phandle, ngokucalula iimbono zakho, okanye ukufihla izenzo zakho ekuqwalaleni uluntu. [[FLT: 0] uyakwazi ukuqhubana nolwazi, unokuba nentembelo, ugcine amaziko efuna ukubuzwa, kwaye uncede ulwakhe uluntu oluninzi lwedemokhrasi. Lumthe, ludibanise neenkqubo zakho zoluntu, kwaye ungaze uthandabuze ukuqinisekisa amalungelo akho xa zicelwwa.