IsiHlaliso sesihlanu soMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States simi njengesiseko somgaqo-nkqubo wolwaphulo-mthetho waseMerika, unikela ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo kubantu ngabanye ngexesha lokudibana nomthetho. Simiselwe kumgaqo wokuba akukho mntu onyanzelwa ukuba abe ngubungqina obuchasene nomntu, oku kuthintelwa kokuncinwa komcimbi wesiHlanu nokunyanzelwa ukuba azimele. Ngoxa abaninzi beliqonda ibinzana elithi "ukukhokela iNhlanu," ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwala malungelo kwimilo yehlabathi lokwenene kusoloko kucacingisiswa kwaye kungaqondwa kakuhle. Ukuqonda imiqathango kunye nemiqathango yamalungelo akho e-yo eHlanu yokuLungisa akusongelo nje olusemthethweni. Oku kusisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokukhusela inkululeko nokuqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngokusesikweni kwinkqubo yokusesikweni. Olu khokelo lunikela ukhokelo olunegunya, ngokujonga ngokulula koko kuthethwayo kwe-Fentrentshi, ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokuqhuba intluvo-enza, nokusetyenziswa kwelungelo lomntu ofanelekileyo, kunye nowazinzo lwamany ’

ISihlaziyo seNhlanu: Ukukhuselwa Kukungaguquguquki

IsiHlaliso sesihlanu sichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba akukho mntu "oya kunyanzeliswa nakweliphi na ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho ukuba abe lingqina elichasene naye. Eli binzana, elibizwa ngokuba lilungelo elichasene nokuzichasa, asilokhaka elipheleleyo kodwa liyikhuselo elinamandla elisebenza kwimibandela emininzi. Livumela abantu ukuba bangafuni ukuphendula imibuzo okanye banikele inkcazelo enokukhokelela kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Eli lungelo lilobuqu, alikwazi ukubizwa ngenxa yomnye, kwaye lisebenza nakweyiphi na intetho okanye ebhaliweyo, enokuthi isetyenziswe ukuxhasa isityholo solwaphulo-mthetho.

Ngokwembali, ilungelo lavela ekusabeleni kwizenzo zokuququzelela ityala lokuncina amakholwa eNgilani nakumathanga okuqala aseMerika. Abalawuli bomGaqo-siseko bazama ukuthintela ukunyanzeliswa kokuvunywa kwezono nokuqinisekisa ukuba umthwalo wobungqina uhlala ngokusisigxina kurhulumente. Njengoko iNkundla ePhakamileyo isoloko ikho, uMphetho-Mnyuko wesihlanu ubonisa intlonelo esisiseko ngesidima somntu nenkululeko yokuzilawula, ukunqanda urhulumente ekunyanzeleni abantu ukuba bakhethe phakathi kokuthula nokuzifunela ngokwabo. Oku kukhuselwa akuphelelanga kubungqina obusenkundlelweni kwamapolisa, unxibelelana kwamapolisa, kunye nakuphi nakuphi na apho iingxelo zomntu zinokusetyenziswa nxamnye nawo.

Ukuqondeka okucokisekileyo kombhalo womgaqo-siseko kunye nendaleko yawo, kubhekisa kuMgqibo-mva weFT weFith njengoko ugcinwe liZiko loLwazi lwezomthetho lweCornell.

Ukusebenzisa IsiHlomelo Sesihlanu Ebudeni Bokudibana Kwamapolisa

Ukusetyenziswa koMgaqo-nkqubo wesihlanu kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela umntu asebenza ngayo nokuba uvalelwe entolongweni okanye uphi na. Ukuqonda le ngxaki kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuba umele uwasebenzise nini na amalungelo akho.

Xa Umisiwe Esitratweni

Ukuba ipolisa liya kuwe esitratweni sikawonke-wonke lize libuze imibuzo, akufuneki ukuba uphendule. Ngaphandle kokuba igosa linokukukrokrala ngokufanelekileyo ukuba ubandakanyekile kumsebenzi wolwaphulo-mthetho, okuvumela ukuma okufutshane kophando ngaphantsi .Ohio.[_unelungelo lokuhamba.] Unako ukukucela. Noko ke, igosa lingabuza imibuzo ngokulula. Kwimimiselo engalulo ye-'umlawuli, awunyanzelekanga ukuphendula. Unokuthi "Ndisebenzisa ilungelo lam lokuthula," okanye "Andinanto yokuthi," kwaye ndishiye ukuba ukhululekile ukwenza oko. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba uHlamphiliso lweSiphetho alukukhuseli ekuchazeni ukuba ulawulo oluchazayo ulwazi, kodwa umele ume ume ume, kodwa ungazivumi, ngaphandle kokuphendula, umele uphendule ngokubhekene ngaphaya kwemibuzo.

Ebudeni Bokumisa Kwezithuthi

Ukumiswa kwezithuthi kuveza imbali engaqhelekanga kuba, ngoxa uvalelwe okwexeshana, intsebenziswano ithathwa njengengenalungelo lokugcina iinjongo zeSichibiyelo sesihlanu ngaphandle kokuba ubanjwa ngokusemthethweni. Ngexesha lokumiswa kwendlela eqhelekileyo, kufuneka unikezele ilayisensi yokuqhuba, ukubhalisa, kunye nokuqinisekisa kwe-inshorensi. Noko ke, unelungelo lokuhlala uthulile ngaphandle kwaloo maxwebhu. Ukuba umphathi ubuza imibuzo efana "Uza phi?" okanye "Uyazi ukuba uhamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani?" awunyanzelekanga uphendule? [UMnuks] umlawuli umele athethe, "Ndicela ilungelo lam lokuhlala ndithulile," kwanele. Ukuba umele ungafuni naziphi na iizicelo zokukhangela inqwelo-mafutha yakho, "Andazivumela ukuba uyavuma," kwaye ucela igqwethagosa-gcords. [AFF] [A]

Indlela Yokusebenzisa Amalungelo Akho Ngokunempumelelo

Ukucela isiHlamlisi sesihlanu, kufuneka uvakalise ngokucacileyo ukuba usebenzisa ilungelo lakho lokuthula. Ukuthula nje kungakwanele ukuba inkundla kamva igqiba kwelokuba ukuba ukuthula kwakho akucacanga. Isicelo esicacileyo sibandakanya amazwi afana nothi "Ndithatha iNhlanu" okanye "Ndila ukuphendula ngokusekelwe ekunene kwam ngokuchasene nokungavumelani. Kumiselo lwemvume, kufuneka ucele igqwetha ngokucacileyo nangokucacileyo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo kwi- Brignots v. Thompkins[[FLT: 1] (20)) (20) ukrokreqo olumele lukumele lukumele luhlale luthule, kwaye ukuzola kweposi akuthethi kuthiwe. Ngoko ke, inkcaso yakho iyafuneka ikwenze.

Ilungelo Lokuhlala Uthule ngokuchaseneyo. Ilungelo Lokucebisa

Ngeli xesha uHlaziyo lweNhlanu lukhusela ngokuyintloko ukungazidibanisi, ludityaniswe kakhulu noMphetho-mvandedwa weSithandathu wamalungelo okunika isiluleko. Kukuncinwa kwamalungelo, lo msebenzi we-tandem. Miranda v. Arizona [66] ugunyaziswe ukuba phambi kokuba nayiphi na ingxiloso, ukunyanzelelwa komthetho makukwazise ngelungelo lakho lokuhlala uthulile kwaye ilungelo lakho lihlale likwigqwetha. Ukuba nje ucela ilungelo, yonke imibuzo mayiphele de ube nengxubusho elungileyo okanye uphinde uyibuyise.

Ukubaluleka Kokucela I - Athoriney

Ukusebenzisa ilungelo lakho kwigqwetha yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokukhusela amalungelo akho oMbetho wesihlanu. Igqwetha lingakucebisa ngoko ungakuthethayo noko ungakuthethileyo, thethana nawe, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba naziphi na iingxelo ozenzayo ziqhutywa ngokuzithandela kwaye azinyanzelelwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukucela igqwetha kunokuthi kuyeke ukubuza ngoko nangoko kwaye kulithintele ukuvalwa kwengxelo. Ungakhathazeki ngokubonakala unetyala, ````````'''''' ucela igqwetha icebo elilumkileyo elilumkileyo, ukuvuma ububi. Akukho ntyikitha yomthetho yokucalula amalungelo ohlaziweyo inikela iinkcukacha ezibheke phambili kule ngomxholo.

Oko Kwenzekayo Ukuba Uthetha Ngaphandle Kwesiluleko

Ukuba ukhetha ukuthetha namapolisa ngaphandle kwegqwetha, ubeka engozini yokuthetha izinto ezinokusetyenziswa ngokuchasene nawe enkundleni. Kwanamazwi abonakala emsulwa angajijwa okanye athatyathwe ngaphandle komongo ngabatshutshisi. IMiranda izilumkiso zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba nawuphi na umqhathi wamalungelo akho uyazi kwaye uzimisele. Ukuba uqala ukuthetha, uwachasa ngokunelo mpumelelo amalungelo akho oMmiselo wesihlanu de uphinde uwafake. Kukhuseleke kakhulu ukuhlala uthule ulinde umelo olusemthethweni, nokuba ukholelwa ukuba akukho nto ungayifihla.

Iindawo Ezikhethekileyo Nezithintelo Kukhuseleko Lomhlaba Wesihlanu

Nangona uphangalele, uMmiselo wesihlanu uneziphene. Ukwazi ezi zinto kunokukuthintela ukungaqondani uze uphephe imiphumo engacwangciswanga.

Ukunikela Ubungqina Enkundleni

Ukuba ubizwa njengobungqina kwinkundla enkulu yabachopheli-tyala eqhubekayo okanye kwityala, awunakusuka ungavumi ukuvela. Noko ke, ungacela uHlaziyo lwesihlanu ukuba lulahle ukuphendula imibuzo ethile esenokukuphazamisa. Urhulumente ungakunika ukhuseleko ekuchotshelweni kwemiba exutyushwayo, ekwakunyanzelela ukuba unikele ubungqina `/kodwa kuphela emva kokuba uthintelwe ngokusemthethweni. Ngaphandle kokuthintelwa, ukwala kwakho kuyakhuselwa. Ngaphezu koko, uLawulo lwesihlanu alusebenzi kumazwi awenziwa ngokuzithandela okanye kwimimiselo engeyonganyanzeli, kwaye alukukhuseli ekunikeleni ubungqina obungamangaliswayo.

Ubungqina Bokwenyama Nezenzo Ezingacingelwanga

Ilungelo elingakuvumeli ukuba uzenze ngqongqo lisebenza kuphela kubungqina nezenzo zokunxibelelana. Ayikukhuseli ekunikezeni ubungqina obuphathekayo obufana neminwe yocaphulo, iDNA, iisampuli, iimbonakaliso zombhalo obhalwe ngesandla, okanye isampuli yegazi. Ezi zithathwa njengezingaqwalaselwanga njengezingameleyo kwaye zinyanzelwa phantsi kwegunya elifanelekileyo, njengogunyazo. Ngokufanayo, urhulumente unokufuna ukuba ume kwi-layini okanye uvelise isampuli yelizwi, logama nje zingakunyanzeli ukuthetha ngamazwi acacileyo. Lo mahluko uyabaluleka: ngoxa ungenakunyanzeleka ukuba uvume, ungakwazi ukunikela ubungqina obuphathekayo okanye obuphathekayo obudibanisa ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Ukuqwalaselwa Okufanelekileyo: Ixesha Nendlela Yokuqinisekisa Ngamalungelo Akho

Abantu abaninzi bayathandabuza ukuqinisekisa amalungelo abo okuHlakulelwa kweNhlanu ngenxa yoloyiko lokuba ukwenjenjalo kuya kubenza babonakale benetyala.Enyanisweni, ukusebenzisa amalungelo akho sisigqibo esisemthethweni nesinobulumko esikukhusela ekuqhatheni amatyala. Isigqibo sokuthetha okanye sokuhlala uthule sifanele sisenziwa ngenyameko, ngokufuthi ngolwalathiso lwegqwetha.

Ukulungelelanisa intsebenziswano nokuzikhusela

Kwezinye iimeko, ukusetyenziswa komthetho kusenokuba yingenelo, umzekelo, ukuba ulingqina okanye ulixhoba. Noko ke, ukuba ungumkrokreli okanye ungomntu onomdla, iingozi zokuthetha ngaphandle kwecebiso zingaphezulu lee leengenelo ezinokwenzeka. Icebiso elibalaseleyo kumagqwetha akhuselayo lilula: ungathethi nto ngaphandle kwenkcazelo esisiseko, kwaye ngoko nangoko cela igqwetha. Le nto ayiyonto ibalulekileyo kumalungelo akho omgaqo-siseko.

Iingozi Zokwaphula Amalungelo Akho

Ukunika amalungelo akho oMphetho-Mphetho wesihlanu akunakuguqulwa kwimo ninzi. Xa uqala ukuthetha, akunakuthi kamva uthetha ukuba iingxelo zakho zangaphambili zanyanzeleka ukuba zenziwe ngokuzithandela emva kwesilumkiso sikaMiranda. Uxinzelelo lombuzo, ludibene nomnqweno wokuzichaza, ngokufuthi lukhokelela kwiingxelo eziphazamisayo ezithi zibe sesona siphambili kwityala lengtshutshiso. Ungaze ucinge ukuba unokuthi "ngathetha indlela yakho yokuphuma" kwimeko ethile; endaweni yoko, khawulezela kwisiluleko esisemthethweni.

Imbono Eqhelekileyo Ephosakeleyo Malunga NoMthetho Wesihlanu Ohlaziyiweyo

Ukungaqondani okungeSihlambululo seFindro Mpulsel ’ indlel ’ ithile kubangelwa ziinkcazelo zamajelo eendaba nezithethe ezidumileyo. Ukucacisa ezi ngcamango kunceda abantu baqiniseke ukuba benza izigqibo ngolwazi.

"Ukubongoza Owesihlanu" Alinatyala Elipheleleyo

Yinkolelo eqhelekileyo ukuba ukucela uHlaziyo lwesihlanu kukuvuma ukuba netyala. Oku akuchananga ngokusemthethweni nangokuyinyaniso. Eli lungelo likho ngenxa yokuba abantu abamsulwa bangazenzanga okanye babanjiswe kwii-webhri ezintsonkothileyo. INkundla Ephakamileyo iphawule ukuba uMmiselo wesihlanu ukhusela abamsulwa kunye nabanetyala. Enkundleni, abatshutshisi abanakuthetha ngesigqibo sommangalelwa sokuhlala ethe cwaka, kwaye abachopheli-tyala bayalelwa ukuba bangarhoxi nasiphi na isigqeba esinzima. Kwimibutho lamapolisa imihla le, ukukhuthaza amalungelo akho kungumqobo.

Umahluko phakathi kwe Custodial kunye nongeyoNkqubela

Enye into ephosakeleyo yeyokuba izilumkiso zeMiranda zifuneka kwintsebenziswano nganye yamapolisa. Zifuneka kuphela xa umntu evalelwe kwaye encinwa. Ukumisa isitrato okanye incoko exoxisiweyo ayimxhomi uMiranda. Noko ke, amalungelo akho esihlanu oMmiselo woLawulo angekasebenzi .

Indima Yezilumkiso Zemirnda

IMiranda izilumkiso ziluncedo ezisetyenziswayo ekunyanzelweni koMphetho-Mgaqo-nkqubo wesihlanu ngexesha lokuncinwa kwelungelo. Baqinisekisa ukuba abarhanelwayo bayawazi amalungelo abo kwaye bangenza umntu okwaziyo ukuwayeka. Izilumkiso ezikumgangatho ziquka: unelungelo lokungathethi; nantoni na onokuthi isenokusetyenziswa ngokuchasene nawe enkundleni; unelungelo lokufumana igqwetha; yaye ukuba awunalo ilungelo lokufumana igqwetha, omnye uya kumiselwa.

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho Xa Usejele

Ukuba uvalelwe okanye ubanjelwe entolongweni, ufanele ucele ngoko nangoko ilungelo lakho lokuhlala uthule kunye nelungelo lakho kwigqwetha. Musa ukulinda amagosa ukuba akufundele amalungelo akho .=asenokwenza oko ngoko nangoko, kwaye iingxelo zokuzithandela ezenziwa phambi kweMirndanda zisenokungabonwa ngaphandle kokuba zivela ngengozi. Ukuba ucele, amapolisa kufuneka ayeke ukubuza. Ukuba bayaqhubeka, iingxelo zakho zingacinywa enkundleni. Kodwa ke, luqaphele ukuba "umahluko wokhuseleko" uvumela abaphathi ukuba babuze imibuzo elinganiselwe ngaphandle kweMirenda izilumkiso ukuba ikhona isisongelo esikhawulezileyo, njengokubuza ngendawo yezixhobo.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Okukhusela Amalungelo Akho Ohlanu Ohlaziyiweyo

Ukwazi amalungelo akho kusisiqingatha sedabi; ukuwasebenzisa ngokunempumelelo xa uxinezelekile kubandakanya ukulungiselela nokucinga. Amanyathelo alandelayo aluncedo anokukunceda uzikhusele.

Oko Umele Ukuthethe Uze Ukwenze Ebudeni Bokudibana

Okokuqala, hlala uzolile kwaye uthobile. Musa ukuphikisana, ungaxhathisi, okanye usabe. Ukuba uvalelwe, thobela imiyalelo esemthethweni, enjengokunika imvume yokukukhangela ngexesha lokumisa kwendlela. Ngapha koko, iskripti sakho kufuneka sibe lula: "Ndiqhelisela ilungelo lam lokuhlala ndithule." Ndifuna ukuthetha negqwetha lam. Phinda le ntetho ngamaxesha onke afunekayo. Musa ukutsalwa kwincoko okanye kwincoko. Ukuba igosa elicela imvume yokuphendla okanye impahla yakho, chaza ngokucacileyo, "Andikuvumi ukuphendla." Oku kuyakhanyela umgaqo wokuhlanganisa ubungqina. Khuphela ukudibana kwangoko kunokwenzeka ngokubhala igama, ibheji, nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi na ingqina ekhoyo.

Uxwebhu kunye nokulandelela ngokusemthethweni

Emva kongquzulwano, qhagamshelana negqwetha elikhuselayo ukuba uvalelwe, ubanjwa, okanye ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe. Igqwetha lingakucebisa kumanyathelo alandelayo, kuquka ukuba ufake isikhalazo okanye ufuna ukucinywa kobungqina. Gcina nayiphi na intetho yevidiyo, efana ne-clascam okanye i-cell phone, kwaye uqokelele ulwazi kumangqina. Inyathelo elikhawulezayo elingokwasemthethweni lingenza umahluko omkhulu kwiziphumo zetyala lakho. Ubuncwane obubanzi obusemthethweni, ingcaciso ye-Melika-Melika Bar i-Conten Bay Complete yeFind Amend kwimicimbi yolwaphulo-mthetho luyindawo entle yokubhekisa phambili.

Isiphelo

IsiHlaliso sesihlanu sokuzithethelela ngokuchasene nokuzithethelela kuphakathi kolunye ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo kwinkqubo yomthetho waseMerika. Sinika abantu amandla okuma bethule phambi kwegunya lorhulumente kwaye siqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente akanakwakha ityala ngokunyanzela ukuvuma izono. Ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa, eyona ndlela ingcono yokuzikhusela kukuwaqonda kakuhle amalungelo akho kunye nokuqeqesha ukuba uwasebenzise ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuhlala uthulile nokucela igqwetha akungomqondiso wokuziva unetyala. Ngokufaka imigaqo echazwe apha, uyakwazi ukuqhuba imicimbi yomthetho ngentembelo kwaye ukhusele izilangazelelo zakho ezingomthetho kwithuba lokudibana kwakho. Khumbula rhoqo: Umthwalo wokuqinisekisa okuhlala uhleli norhulumente, kwaye akufuneki ukuba uncede uhlangabezane nobunzima obukukuzihlawulayo.