Table of Contents

Imithetho yokukhusela elinganayo yenza isiseko samalungelo abantu eUnited States, iqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu ufumana ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo nangokulinganayo phantsi komthetho kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziziphi iimpawu zakhe. Le migaqo yokhuseleko, esekelwe kwimigaqo-siseko kwaye iqiniswe ukutyhubela amashumi eminyaka yomthetho wamalungelo abantu, ikhusela abantu ekukhetheni imisebenzi, kwizindlu, kwimfundo, kwiinkonzo zikawonke-wonke, nakwezinye iinkalo ezininzi zobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukuqonda amalungelo akho neembopheleleko zakho phantsi kwale mithetho kubalulekile ekudaleni ibutho elinobulungisa nelilungelelanisiweyo.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko soKhuselo olulinganayo

IThe Active Protection Clause yeSinyusi-Mpanzi seshumi elinesine ithi akukho rhulumente "eliya kungqubana nomntu okwigunya lakhe ukukhuselwa okufanayo kwemithetho." Eli lungiselelo lisisiseko lomgaqo-siseko lavunywa ngo-1868 njengenxalenye yokuHlaliswa koMphetho-mda emva kweMfazwe yamakhaya. Intshukumisa ephambili yale ngxelo kukuqinisekisa ukuba amalungiselelo okulingana aqulethwe kuMthetho we-Civil Rights ka-1866, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukuba bonke abemi babeza kuba nelungelo lokukhuselwa ngokulinganayo ngumthetho.

I-Acticom Protection Claus imisela ukuba abantu abakuzo iimeko ezifanayo baphathwe ngokulinganayo ngumthetho. Nangona ekuqaleni kwakujoliswe ekucombululeni ucalucalulo kubantu ababengamakhoboka nokuqinisekisa amalungelo abo omGaqo-siseko, ukhuseleko olulinganayo luye lwakhula ngokuphawulekayo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Namhlanje, uMphetho-mda weshumi elinesine wenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho eUnited States ikhusela yaye ilondoloza amalungelo abo bonke abantu ngokulinganayo.

UMthetho weshumi elinesine, ngokweembono zawo, umisela imilinganiselo yokucalucalulo ngamaqumrhu karhulumente kuphela, kungekhona ngamaqela angawodwa. Noko ke, imithetho emininzi karhulumente nekarhulumente iye yanika abadlali abazimeleyo ukhuseleko oluchasene nocalulo kwimibandela ethile enjengemisebenzi, izindlu, kunye neendawo zokuhlala zikawonke-wonke.

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho Phantsi Kwemithetho Yokukhusela

Imithetho yokukhusela elinganayo inikela amalungelo amakhulu okukhusela abantu ekuphathweni ngokungekho sikweni ngenxa yeempawu ezikhuselekileyo. La malungelo asebenza kwiindawo ezininzi zoluntu nakubucala, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kukhuselwe amalungelo abantu.

Ukukhuselwa Kucalucalulo Emsebenzini

Isihloko VII soMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1946 silwalela ucalucalulo lwemisebenzi olusekelwe kuhlanga, imibala, unqulo, isini nemvelaphi yesizwe. Lo mthetho wesigqeba usebenza kubaqeshi abaqeshwa abali-15 okanye abaninzi kwaye ugubungela zonke iinkalo zemisebenzi, kuquka ukuqeshwa, ukudutyulwa, ukunyuselwa, intlawulo, uqeqesho, nezinye iimfuno kunye neemeko zengqesho.

Ngaphaya kweSihloko VII, imithetho eyongezelelekileyo karhulumente ikhusela amanye amaqela kwimisebenzi. UMthetho weMerika onesiphene (ADA) uyalwalela ucalucalulo kubantu abafanelekayo abaneziphene kwaye ufuna abaqeshi ukuba banike abaqeshi iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo. I-Age Discrimination in Act (ADEA) ikhusela abasebenzi abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu ukusuka kucalucalucalulo olusekelwe kubudala. I-Amente yePac afuna ukuba amadoda namabhinqa afumane umvuzo olinganayo ngomsebenzi ofanayo.

Amazwe amaninzi aye amisela imithetho yawo yocalucalulo ngemisebenzi enikela kwanemigaqo engakumbi kunomthetho karhulumente.

Amalungelo eHlalani

Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zoMthetho weFair House Act, xa iNkqutyana yawumiselayo ngowe-1968, yayikukunqanda ucalucalulo lohlanga ekuthengisweni nasekuqeshweni kwezindlu. Isenzo sowe-1968 sanwenwa kwizenzo zangaphambili kwaye salwalela ukucalucalucalulo ngokuphathelele ukuthengiswa, ukuqeshwa, nokuxhaswa kwezindlu ezisekelwe kuhlanga, kunqulo, kwimvelaphi yesizwe, nakususela kowe- 1974, isini. Ukususela ngowe-1988, esi senzo sikhusela abantu ngeesiphene kunye neentsapho kunye nabantwana.

ISivumelwano samaLungelo sangowe-1968 salwalela olu khetho lulandelayo lokucalucalulo ngokuhlala izindlu: Ukwala ukuthengisela okanye ukuqesha indlu nabani na ngenxa yohlanga, ibala, unqulo okanye imvelaphi yesizwe. Kwakhona umthetho uyalwalela ucalucalulo ngokwemibandela nangeemeko zokuthengiswa kwezindlu, ukubhengeza ngorhwaphilizo, nokuphazamisa amalungelo afanelekileyo ezindlu.

Abantu abakholelwa ukuba bangamaxhoba oqheliselo olungekho mthethweni lwezindlu, bangafaka isikhalazo kwiSebe leMibutho neNkcubeko yaseUrban [UDD] okanye bafake ityala labo kwinkundla yesizwe okanye yephondo. Le nkqubo yokunyanzelisa inika abantu iindlela ezininzi zokufuna okusesikweni xa amalungelo abo okuhlala ephulwa.

Amathuba Emfundo Nokufumaneka Ngokulinganayo

Imigaqo yokhuseleko elinganayo ifikelele kwimfundo, iqinisekisa ukuba abafundi bafumana amathuba alinganayo emfundo kungakhathaliseki imvelaphi yabo. Ingcaciso yeNkundla Ephakamileyo ye-Acimetic Protection Claus iye yaba luncedo ekudibaniseni iinkqubo zesikolo ezisusiweyo nokukhuthaza ukulingana kwemfundo.

Abafundi bakhuselwa ekucalulweni okusekelwe kuhlanga, ibala, imvelaphi yesizwe, isini, ukukhubazeka, nezinye iimpawu ezisezikolweni ezifumana inkxaso-mali karhulumente. Isihloko se-IX seZiko lemfundo lowe-1997 silwalela ngokukhethekileyo ucalulo olusekelwe kwizifundo nakwimisebenzi yemfundo. ICandelo lama-504 loMthetho weRehabilitation kunye noMthetho we-Antelligation Education (IDEA) liqinisekisa ukuba abafundi abaneziphene zesiphene bafumane iinkonzo zemfundo kunye nendawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo.

Ukufikelela kwiKhalenda kunye neeNkonzo zikaRhulumente

Imithetho elinganayo yokukhusela iqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantu bayakwazi ukufikelela kwizindlu kunye neenkonzo zikarhulumente. Isihloko II soMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1964 salela ukuba abantu bangabi nalucalucalulo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, kuquka iihotele, iivenkile zokutyela, iiholo zemidlalo nezinye iindawo ezinceda uluntu. I-ADA inyusa ezi zikhuselwe ngokufuna ukuba abantu abaneziphene bafumane indawo yokuhlala.

Iinkonzo zikarhulumente, ekufumaneni amalayisensi okuqhuba akhokelela kwiingenelo zikawonke-wonke, kufuneka zinikwe ngaphandle kocalulo olusekelwe kwiimpawu ezikhuselweyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantu banokuba nenxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kubomi boluntu nokufumana iinkonzo abazifunayo.

Ukuncomela Amalungelo Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba Kwezobupolitika

Makungalityalwa, nokokuba, kuphela xa urhulumente enwebela ukhuphiswano kwabanye aze akhanye ukuba "ilungelo lokuvota" livela kwaye likhuselwe nguMkhuseli olinganayo. Imigaqo yokhuseleko elinganayo iye yasetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa umelo olulungileyo nokuthintela ucalucalulo ekuvoteleni, kuquka iimfuno zabemi abalinganayo kwimimandla yezomthetho kunye nemigaqo yokukhusela ekuvotelweni komthetho.

Ukuvakalisa Izikhalazo Zocalucalulo: Iindlela Onokukhetha Ngazo Esemthethweni

Xa ukholelwa ukuba uye wacalulwa, ukuqonda indlela yokubhala isikhalazo ukuze ukhusele amalungelo akho kubalulekile. Iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zocalulo zifuna ukuba uququzelwe namaziko awahlukahlukeneyo, yaye kusebenza ixesha elingqongqo.

Izikhalazo Zocalucalulo Ngemisebenzi

I-EEOC inyanzelisa imithetho yocalucalulo lwemisebenzi equka iSiHloko VII, i-ADA, iADEA, kunye neSibonelelo soMthendeleko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka ufake ityala nge-EEOC kwiintsuku ezili-180 zesenzo sokukhupha ulwaphulo-mthetho, nangona olu mmiselo lunwenwela kwiintsuku ezingama-300 kumasebe abo alwa nolwaphulo-mthetho.

IEEOC iphanda izityholo zokufumanisa ukuba kukho isizathu esisengqiqweni sokukholelwa ukuba ucalucalulo luyenzeka. Ukuba umbutho ufumana unobangela, isenokuzama ukuyicombulula le ngxaki ngokukhutshelwa. Ukuba ukuququzelelwa kwetyala kuphuthile, iEEOC ingafaka ityala kuwe okanye ikunike ileta "enelungelo lokumangalela" ekuvumela ukuba ubhale ityala lakho kwinkundla yesizwe.

Izikhalazo Zocalucalulo Ngezindlu

IFair House Act inikela iinkqubo zokusingatha izikhalazo zocalulo. Abantu abakholelwa ukuba bebengamaxhoba oqheliselo olungekho mthethweni lokuhlala, basenokufaka isikhalazo kwiSebe leNdlu yeNdawo neNguquko yeUrban [UDD] okanye bafake ityala labo kwinkundla karhulumente okanye kwinkundla yephondo.

Izikhalazo ze-HID kufuneka zibekwe ngokuqhelekileyo kunyaka omnye wesenzo solwaphulo-mthetho. I-HID iphanda izikhalazo kwaye ingazama ukuzicombulula ngokuqulunqwa. ISebe leMithetho yeJaji lizisa iisuti kubantu abasekelwe kwi-arhente evela kwi-HUD. ISebe lizisa amatyala apho kukho ubungqina bohlobo okanye uqheliselo localucalulo okanye apho ukula amalungelo kwiqela labantu kunyusa umbano wokubaluleka okuqhelekileyo.

Ucalucalulo Olungokwemfundo Lubangela Izikhalazo

Izikhalazo zocalucalulo kwimfundo zibekwa kwiSebe lezemfundo lase-U.S. i-OCR iphanda izikhalazo ezithi ucalucalulo lusekelwe kuhlanga, umbala, imvelaphi yesizwe, isini, ukukhubazeka, okanye iminyaka emidala kwiinkqubo okanye kwimisebenzi efumana uncedo lwemali. Izikhalazo kufuneka zigcinwe ngokuqhelekileyo ngeentsuku ezili-180 zocalucalulo olutyholweyo.

Ulungiso lwe projekti

Amaphondo amaninzi kunye nemimandla inawo amasebe alwela amalungelo abantu anyanzelisa imithetho elwa nokungavumelani nomthetho. La masebe asenokunikela ukhuseleko oluphangaleleyo okanye iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo kunezomthetho wesizwe. Kwezinye iimeko, ungabhala izikhalazo ngamasebe karhulumente, okanye kusenokufuneka ukhuphe umbane kumayeza karhulumente ngaphambi kokuba uququzelele amatyala karhulumente.

Iimbopheleleko Zakho Phantsi Komthetho Wokukhusela Olinganayo

Nangona imithetho yokukhusela elinganayo inika amalungelo abalulekileyo, ikwabeka iimbopheleleko kubantu, kubaqeshi, kubasebenzi, kwimibutho yoorhulumente.

Iimbopheleleko Zomntu Ngamnye

Bonke abantu banembopheleleko yokuhlonela amalungelo abanye nokungathabathi nxaxheba kwihambo yabo yocalucalulo. Oku kuthetha ukuba baphatha abanye ngokufanelekileyo kungakhathaliseki uhlanga, ibala, unqulo, isini, imvelaphi yesizwe, ubulwelwe, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezikhuselweyo. Kwanakwimeko apho imithetho echasene nocalucalulo ingasebenzi ngqo kwihambo yomntu ngamnye, imigaqo yokuziphatha esesikweni yokulingana nentlonelo ifanele ikhokele intsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu.

Kwakhona abantu banembopheleleko yokuxela ucalucalulo xa belubona, ingakumbi kwimibandela efana nomsebenzi apho ukunikela ingxelo kunganceda ekuboneni nasekucombululeni iingxaki zenkqubo. Imithetho emininzi elwa nocalucalulo iyabathintela abantu abanikela ingxelo yocalulo okanye abanenxaxheba ekuphengululweni kocalucalulo, ukukhusela abo bathethayo.

Imbopheleleko yomqeshwa nezenzo ezizizo

Abaqeshi baneembopheleleko eziphawulekayo eziphantsi kokhuseleko kunye nemithetho echasene nocalucalulo. Ezi zibopho zidlulela ngaphaya kokungacalucalulo nje kuphela ukuya kudala imisebenzi equka abantu nokuthintela ihambo yocalucalulo.

Ukuphuhlisa imigaqo-nkqubo elwa nokonakalisa

Abaqeshi kufuneka bamisele iinkqubo ezicacileyo ezibhaliweyo ezithintela ucalucalulo nokukhathazwa okusekelwe kuzo zonke iimpawu ezikhuselweyo. Le nkqubo kufuneka ichaze indlela yokuziphatha okungavumelekanga, ichaze indlela yokuchaza ukwaphulwa, ichaze iziphumo zophando, kwaye ichaze iziphumo zokwaphula umthetho. Imithetho-mthetho kufuneka isasazwe kubo bonke abasebenzi kwaye iqukwe kwiincwadi zabasebenzi.

Ukuqeqesha Nemfundo

Uqeqesho oluthe rhoqo lunceda abasebenzi baqonde amalungelo abo kunye neembopheleleko zabo phantsi kwemithetho elwa nocalucalulo. Uqeqesho kufuneka lugubungele oko kuluko ucalucalulo nokukhathazwa, indlela yokuxela inkxalabo, kunye nokuzimisela komqeshi ukugcina umsebenzi ongenakhethe. Abasebenzi noomanejala abaphezulu bafuna uqeqesho olongezelelekileyo kwiimbopheleleko zabo zokuthintela nokulungisa ucalucalulo.

Ezinye iindawo zimisela imfuneko ekhethekileyo yoqeqesho. Umzekelo, urhulumente omninzi ufuna ukuqeqeshwa kokuhlaselwa ngokwesini kwabaqeshi ngaphezu kwemiqathango ethile. Abaqeshi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba bayavumelana nayo yonke imiqathango yoqeqesho esebenzayo.

Ukuzalisekisa Izenzo Zomsebenzi

Abaqeshi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba zonke izigqibo zemisebenzi zithathwa ngokuqeshwa nokuqeshwa ngokutshayelwa ngokusetyenziswa kwemiba esemthethweni, engeyoyaluyalelo. Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa imigaqo ebhaliweyo ekuhloleni abatshayo nabasebenzi, ukuqhuba udliwano-ndlebe olucwangcisiweyo, ukubhala izigqibo zemisebenzi, nokuhlola imbuyekezo rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuhlawula ngokuchanekileyo.

Iinkcazelo zomsebenzi kufuneka zijolise kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo kunye neemfaneleko ezifanelekileyo. Imibuzo yodliwano-ndlebe kufuneka idibane neemfuno zomsebenzi kwaye ibuzwa ngokungaguqukiyo kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba. Uvavanyo lomsebenzi kufuneka lusekelwe kwinjongo, kwimiqathango enxulumene nomsebenzi kunye nemithetho ebhaliweyo ngexesha elinye.

Ukulungiselela Iindawo Zokuhlala Ezifanelekileyo

Abaqeshi kufuneka banike abasebenzi indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo yeziphene zabasebenzi neenkolelo zonqulo ezinyanisekileyo ngaphandle kokuba ukwenjenjalo bekuya kubangela ubunzima obungeyomfuneko. Oku kufuna ukuba basebenzise inkqubo yokusebenzisana nabasebenzi ukuze bafumane iindawo zokuhlala ezisebenzayo. Iindawo zokuhlala eziqhelekileyo ziquka utshintsho lomsebenzi, ubugcisa bokuncedisa, utshintsho lwezithuba, kunye nohlengahlengiso kwiinkqubo okanye kwiinkqubo.

Ukusabela Ngokukhawuleza Nangokuphumelela Kwizingcinga

Xa kuvela izikhalazo zocalucalulo, abaqeshi kufuneka baphande ngokukhawuleza, ngokucokisekileyo nangokungakhethi buso. Uphando lufanele luquke udliwano-ndlebe nomntu okhalazayo, omangalelweyo, namangqina afanelekileyo, kunye nokuhlola nabuphi na ubungqina bevidiyo. Abaqeshi kufuneka bathathe inyathelo elifanelekileyo lokulungisa xa kufunyaniswe ukuba ucalucalulo yaye abamele baphindezele kwabo banikela ingxelo yocalucalucalulo okanye babandakanyele ekupheni.

Iimbopheleleko zoMlungiseleli weKhaya

Abasebenzi befa lefa, abaphathi bempahla, abasebenzi bezindlu, abo babolekisayo nabanye ababandakanyekileyo kwimicimbi yezindlu kufuneka bathobele imithetho esesikweni yezindlu. Oku kuthetha ukuba bonke abafaki-zicelo nabaqeshwayo bafanele baphathe bonke abantu ngokulinganayo kungakhathaliseki ukuba bakhuseleke kangakanani na.

Abanikeli bezindlu kufuneka basebenzise imigaqo engaguqukiyo yokuhlola bonke abafaki-zicelo, banike inkcazelo echanileyo malunga nokufumaneka kwezindlu, bangaqhubi okanye bangabikho kwiqela elithile okanye kwimimandla esekelwe kwiimpawu ezikhuselweyo, kwaye benze indawo yokuhlala kunye notshintsho olufanelekileyo kubantu abakhubazekileyo. Izibhengezo akufunekanga zivakalise iinketho okanye imiqathango esekelwe kwiempawu ezikhuselweyo.

Maxa wambi, abagcini bezindlu bazama ukufihla ucalucalulo lwabo ngokunika inkcazelo engeyonyaniso ngokufumaneka kwezindlu, mhlawumbi besithi akukho nto ikhoyo okanye baqhubele abantu abafuna izindlu kwimimandla ethile esekelwe kuhlanga. Abantu abafumana inkcazelo engachananga okanye abafumana ulwalathiso oluphosakeleyo basenokuba abazi ukuba bangamaxhoba ocalulo.

Iimbopheleleko zemfundo

Izikolo namaziko emfundo afumana inkxaso-mali kufuneka athobele imithetho eyahlukeneyo yesizwe elwa nokungavumelani. Oku kuquka ukunikezela ngamathuba alinganayo okufundisa, ukuthintela nokuphelisa ukukhathazwa nokucalucalulwa, ukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka kwabafundi abaneziphene, nokunika iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo.

Amaziko emfundo kufuneka abe neenkqubo zokunikela ingxelo nokuphanda izikhalazo zocalulo, abaququzeleli abachopheleyo ukuba bajonge imigaqo echasene nocalulo, kwaye baqeqeshe abafundi nabasebenzi kumalungelo neembopheleleko zabo.

Iimbopheleleko zempahla kaRhulumente

Amaqumrhu karhulumente kuwo onke amanqanaba kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba imithetho yawo, imigaqo nezenzo zawo ziyavumelana nemigaqo yokukhusela efanayo. Oku kuquka ukuhlaziywa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokufumana impembelelo yolwaphulo-mthetho, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo neengenelo ezifanayo zikarhulumente, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukugcinwa komthetho kunye nezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zokugweba akucalucalula, nokusebenza ngenkuthalo ukucombulula ucalucalulo oludlulileyo.

Iiklasi Ezikhuselweyo: Ukuqonda Osisigqubuthelo

Ukhuseleko olulinganayo kunye nemithetho echasene nocalulo ikhusela abantu ngokweempawu ezithile ezibizwa ngokuba "ziiklasi ezikhuselweyo" ukuqonda ezi zigaba kunceda kucace ukuba ngubani okhuselweyo kwaye kuluphi uhlobo localulo.

Uhlanga nombala

Ukukhuselwa kohlanga nocalulo lwemibala yenye yezona nkalo zidala nezisisiseko zomthetho olinganayo wokukhusela. Ezi zikhuseli ziyalwalela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga lomntu okanye ibala lolusu kwimisebenzi, kwindlu, kwimfundo nakwezinye iindawo.

Imvelaphi yesizwe

Ucalucalulo lwesizwe siquka ukungamphathi kakuhle umntu ngenxa yemvelaphi yelizwe lakhe, umnombo, uhlanga, indlela abathetha ngayo, okanye ngenxa yokuba bebonakala bengowohlanga oluthile. Olu khuselo luquka abantu kungakhathaliseki ubumi babo okanye ukufuduka kwabo kwiimeko ezininzi, nangona ezinye iimfuno zengqesho ezinxulumene nokufuduka zinokungqinelana nokuhambelana nemisebenzi.

Unqulo

IFair Howar Act iyalwalela ucalucalulo kwizindlu ezisekelwe kunqulo. Ucalucalulo lonqulo luquka imisebenzi nakwezinye iindawo. Le migaqo iquka zonke iinkalo zesikhumbuzo sonqulo, izithethe, nenkolelo, yaye ifuna abaqeshi nabanye ukuba banikele iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo ukwenzela imisebenzi yonqulo ngaphandle kokuba ukwenjenjalo bekuya kubangela ubunzima obungeyomfuneko.

Isini, Ukuzalana Kwesini Nokulala Nomntu Osisini

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, abantu babesazi ukuba ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwisini senyama luxhomekeke kwisini, iinkundla nakumaziko aye achaza indlela yokukhuselwa kwesini njengokungacalucalulwa ngokusekelwe ekukhulelweni, ekukhutshweni ngokwesini nasekuzibonakaliseni ukuba ungowakwasini.

Kuluvo lwama-202020 uBostock v. Clayton County, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yawisa umthetho wokuba iSihlomelo VII soMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1964 wokwaliwa kocalulo olusekelwe kwisondo emsebenzini kubandakanya ucalulo kuba umntu ungoonofana okanye okhuphela ngaphandle komthetho. Le nkcazelo iphembelele indlela ucalucalulo lwesini oluqondwa ngayo kwezinye iimeko.

Ukonakala

Ukungacalucalulwa kusebenza kubantu abaneengxaki zomzimba okanye zengqondo ezibanciphisa kakhulu abantu abaphila ubomi obungenaziphene, abo banengxelo engobu buqhetseba, nabo bajongwa njengabaneengxaki ezinjalo.

Ubudala

IAge Discrection in Working Act ikhusela abasebenzi abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu kucalucalulo olusekelwe kubudala beminyaka emsebenzini. Oku kuquka ucalulo ekuqesheni, ekudubuleni, ekuhlawuleni, nakweminye imiqathango kunye neminye imisebenzi. Eminye imithetho yephondo ikhusela ucalucalulo lobudala.

Ubume Obungagqibekanga

IFair Hosley Act, ngaphandle kwezinye izinto, iyalwalela ucalucalulo xa kuhlaliswa iintsapho ezinabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iintsapho ezinabantwana ziyakwazi ukufumana amathuba alinganayo okuhlala.

Ezinye Iiklasi Ezikhuselweyo Ngaphantsi Korhulumente Naphantsi Kwemithetho Yasekuhlaleni

Amaphondo amaninzi nemimandla iye yandisa iiklasi ezikhuselweyo ngaphezu kwezo ziqatshelwe phantsi komthetho wesizwe. Ezinye iindidi ezikhuselweyo zingaquka ukuma komtshato, umkhosi okanye amagqala, umthombo wengeniso, imbonakalo yesondo kunye nobufanasini (kwimimandla apho ezi zinto zingakachaphazeleki phantsi kokhuselo lwesini), ulwazi lwemfuza, kunye nokudityaniswa kwezopolitiko. Abantu kufuneka bajonge urhulumente wabo nemithetho yasekuhlaleni ukuze baqonde umgangatho opheleleyo wenkuselo olukhoyo.

Imimandla engundoqo egqunywe yimithetho yokukhusela elinganayo

Imigaqo yokukhusela elinganayo kunye nemithetho echasene nocalucalulo isebenza kwimimandla emininzi yobomi bemihla ngemihla, idala isiseko esibanzi sokukhusela amalungelo abantu.

Amathuba Omsebenzi

Ukuqeshwa yenye yezona ndawo zilawulwa kakhulu phantsi komthetho ochasene nocalucalulo.

  • Ukubhengezwa komsebenzi nokubhengezwa
  • Izicelo kunye neenkqubo zokuqesha
  • Ukubonelela
  • Izabelo zomsebenzi nonyuselo
  • Uqeqesho namathuba okuphuhlisa
  • Uqeqesho nokuphelisa
  • Ixesha lomsebenzi neemeko
  • Ukuhlaselwa nokuhlaselwa kwemeko yomsebenzi
  • Ukuvunywa kwengxelo yocalulo okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kuphando

Le migaqo isebenza kunye namayeza akhoyo isenokuhluka kuxhomekeka kubukhulu bomqeshi nakulwahlulo lomntu oqeshwayo.

Ukufumaneka kwendlu

Imithetho efanelekileyo yezindlu ikhusela abantu kuyo yonke inkqubo yezindlu, kuquka:

  • Imali nemali yendlu
  • Imali ehlawulwayo
  • Intengiso yezindlu
  • Iimeko zokuqeshwa
  • Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo
  • Ukusetyenziswa kwezigqibo
  • I-inshorensi yasekhaya
  • Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Ezi zikhuseli zisebenza kwizindlu ezininzi, ngaphandle kweminye imiphakamo encinane esetyenziswa ngumnini kunye nezindlu ezisetyenziswa yimibutho yonqulo okanye iiklabhu zabucala phantsi kweemeko ezithile.

Iinkqubo Zokufundisa

Ukukhusela okulinganayo kwimfundo kubandakanya:

  • Ukuthunyelwa kwamaziko emfundo
  • Ifikelelwe kwiizifundo neenkqubo
  • Iinkqubo ze-Athletis nemisebenzi
  • Ingqeqesho yabafundi
  • Ukuhlaselwa nokungcungcuthekiswa ngenxa yeempawu ezikhuselweyo
  • Ukufikelela kwizixhobo nezibonelelo
  • Imisebenzi yemfundo ekhethekileyo neendawo zokuhlala
  • Uncedo lwemali noqeqesho

Le migaqo isebenza kwizikolo zikarhulumente kuzo zonke imigangatho nakwizikolo zabucala ezifumana inkxaso-mali karhulumente. Eminye imithetho karhulumente inikela ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo kwimimiselo yemfundo.

Iindawo Zokuhlala Zasekuhlaleni

Iindawo zokuhlala zikawonke wonke ziquka amashishini ahlukahlukeneyo abantu neendawo ezinceda uluntu:

  • Iihotele, iimotel nezinye iindawo zokuhlala
  • Iivenkile zokutyela, iibhanti nezinye iindawo zokutya
  • Iindawo zokubonisa iindibano, amabala emidlalo nezinye iindawo zokuzonwabisa
  • Ukuqokelela iivenkile namaziko eevenkile
  • Izakhiwo zenkonzo ezinjengeebhanki, ii-salon, nee-ofisi
  • Iinkonzo zothutho
  • Izixhobo zokuzonwabisa
  • ISebe leMicimbi yeNkcubeko

Ezi ndawo zimele zincede bonke abantu abathengayo kungakhathaliseki ukuba bakhuseleke kangakanani yaye kufuneka bafumaneke kubantu abaneziphene.

Imali nenkxaso-mali

UMthetho weCreditment Opportunity awulwaleli ucalucalulo olubangelwa lurhwebo lwetyala olusekelwe kuhlanga, ibala, unqulo, imvelaphi yobuzwe, isini, imeko yomtshato, ubudala okanye ngenxa yokuba umntu efumana uncedo lukawonke-wonke. Oku kusebenza kuzo zonke iintlobo zetyala, kuquka iimali zokutyala, amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala, iimali zenqwelo - mafutha, kunye neemboleko zoshishino ezincinane.

Iinkonzo zikarhulumente neengenelo

Imigaqo yokukhusela elinganayo ifuna ukuba iinkonzo zikarhulumente neengenelo zinikezelwe ngaphandle kocalucalulo. Oku kuquka:

  • Iinkqubo zoncedo lukarhulumente
  • ISebe libonise ukuba
  • Ukugcinwa komthetho nokugwetywa
  • Ukubonelela
  • Uthutho lukawonke-wonke
  • IMiphaka neZiko loLonwabo
  • Ukuqhankqalaza nokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika

Amaqumrhu karhulumente kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba iinkqubo nezenzo zawo azicalucalulo kwaye kufuneka athabathe amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukuba anokufumaneka ngokulinganayo kubantu bonke.

Imilinganiselo Yempinda: Indlela Inkundla Eluchasa Ngayo Ucalucalulo

Xa iinkundla zivavanya imigaqo elinganayo yokukhusela, zisebenzisa imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo exhomekeke kuhlobo lokwahlulwa kwemigaqo. Ukuqonda le migaqo kunceda kucacise isizathu sokuba ezinye iintlobo zocalulo zichaphazeleke lula kunamanye.

Uphando Olungqongqo

Government classifications that adversely affect a person's fundamental liberties or interests must be justified by a showing of compelling government interest, as well as proof that the distinction is required to further that purpose. This is known as the "strict scrutiny" test. Strict scrutiny applies to classifications based on race, national origin, and alienage, as well as to laws that burden fundamental rights such as voting or interstate travel.

Phantsi kokuhlolisiswa ngokungqongqo, urhulumente uthwele umthwalo onzima wokuthethelela, kwaye imithetho emininzi ephantsi kwalo mgangatho iyahlaliswa. Urhulumente kufuneka abonise ukuba ulwahlulo lunika umdla onyanzelisayo karhulumente yaye umthetho ulungelelaniswa kancinane ukuze kufunyanwe loo mdla usebenzisa iindlela ezincinane ezikhoyo.

Uvavanyo oluphakathi

Ngoxa uHlomelo lwaMalungelo oluLinganisayo lwaluphambi kwamazwe yaye ekugqibeleni lungavunyelwanga, iNkundla Ephakamileyo yathatha inyathelo eliphambili lokuhlola imfundiso yokwahlulwa kwesondo, okokuqala isebenzisa imilinganiselo "ephakanyisiweyo" yesithethe yokuhlola (ngokuluma) ukuphelisa ucalucalulo kwaye, emva kokuvota ukwenza iintlobano zesini zibe lukhetho olurhanelwayo, imela kumgangatho ophakathi.

Phantsi kohlolo oluphakathi, urhulumente kufuneka abonise ukuba ukwahlulwa kolwahlulo kusebenza kumdla obalulekileyo karhulumente kwaye ulwahlulo lunxulumene ngokunzulu nokufikelela oko kunomdla. Lo mgangatho usebenza kukwahlulwa ngokwesondo kwaye uye wasetyenziswa nakolunye ulwahlulo. Nangona ubalo lungeyomfuneko kangako kunohlalutyo olungqongqo, ukuhlalutyiswa okuphakathi kusafuna ulungelelwano olunentsingiselo lonyango olwahlukileyo.

Impinda Esisiseko

Uninzi lwemiqathango ihlaziywa phantsi kohlalutyo oluqilima, owona mgangatho ubekelwe ixesha elifutshane wokuhlola. UmGaqo-siseko awufuni izinto ezohlukileyo ngenene okanye uluvo ukuba ziphathwe ngokungathi ziyafana, kwaye isibakala sokuzihlela asiyi kungabi namthetho ongenanto. Ngaphantsi kohlalutyo olusengqiqweni, ulwahlulo luxhaswa ukuba lunxulumene ngokufanelekileyo nomdla ofanelekileyo karhulumente.

Umthwalo karhulumente phantsi kohlolo olusengqiqweni luncinane, kwaye iinkundla zisoloko zibambezela imigwebo yemithetho. Ucalulo olusekelwe kubudala, kwisiphene, kubutyebi, nezinye iimpawu ezininzi luphinda lujongwe phantsi kwalo mgangatho kwiimeko zomGaqo-siseko, nangona ukhuseleko lwemithetho lunganika inkxaso eyomeleleyo.

Iziphumo zonyango ezizodwa.

Imithetho yokungavumelani iyaziqaphela iingcamango ezimbini eziphambili zocalulo: ulwahlulo nomahluko. Ukuqonda umahluko kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni amalungelo nasekufezeni iimbopheleleko phantsi kwale mithetho.

Unyango Olungacaci

Imithetho eyahlula ngokucacileyo phakathi kodidi olukhuselweyo kunye namaqela angakhuselekanga ngokuqhelekileyo "ebalulwe njengendlela yokucalucalulo ngengozi" ukuphathwa kakubi kwenzeka xa umntu ephathwa ngokwahlukileyo ngenxa yophawu olukhuselekileyo. Olu luhlobo olucacileyo localulo kwaye luquka zombini ezi zinto zicacileyo (njengomgaqo ophatha amaqela ngokwahlukileyo) kwaye ucalucalulo olucacileyo (njengoko kuqhutywa sisigqibo sokukhupha isalatha-mthetho kwanokuba akuchazwanga ngokucacileyo).

Ukuseka unyango lokwahlukana, ummangalelwa kufuneka abonise ukuba ummangalelwa uzimisele ukucalucalula. Oku kunokuqinisekiswa ngobungqina obungqalileyo benjongo yokusasaza ulawulo okanye ngobungqina obuziimo-mntswana esebenzisa iiseko zomthwalo. Kwimeko zomsebenzi, umzekelo, isiseko somsebenzi weDonnell Douglas sivumela abalawuli ukuba bamisele ityala localulo, emva koko umthwalo uxhomekeke kumqeshi ukuchaza isizathu esisemthethweni, esingadibanisi-mthetho somsebenzi, kwaye emva koko ukubonisa umlanduleli ukuba isizathu sibhalwe kwangaphambili.

Impembelelo Engacalucalulwayo

Impembelelo echaseneyo yocalucalulo yenzeka xa inkqubo okanye inkqubo yobundilele okanye inkqubo echaseneyo nobuso ichaphazela ngokungenakulinganiswa kumalungu odidi olukhuselweyo, kwanangaphandle kwenjongo yokungafihli. INkundla yatolika iADEA kunye neSihloko seSigqeba samaLungelo esi-64, ngokulandelelanayo, njengeziphumo zokukhupha umlomo.

Ukuseka iziphumo zokwahlula, ummangalelwa kufuneka achaze inkqubo ethile okanye umkhwa, abonise ukuba ineziphumo eziphawulekayo ezichaseneyo neqela elikhuselweyo, kwaye abonise ukuba inkqubo ayigwetywanga ngemfuneko yezoshishino okanye ukuba iindlela ezincinci zokukhetha zikhona. Ukuba ummangalelwa wenza oku, angaphumelela ngokubonakalisa ukuba ummangalelwa uqheliselo olucetyisiweyo lunxulumene nomsebenzi kwaye luhambisana nemfuneko yoshishino (kwimicimbi yomsebenzi) okanye uphumeza injongo esemthethweni (kwimicimbi yezindlu).

Ingcamango yokungacaluli iyavuma ukuba ucalucalulo lunokubangelwa yimigaqo ekhuthaza ucalucalulo ngokwembali okanye ebangela ukuba abantu bakhetheke ngokungekho mthethweni. Le ngcamango iye yabaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ekucombululeni ucalucalulo olungokwenkqubo xa kuvavanywa imisebenzi, ekubolekisaneni ngemali naxa kusenziwa izigqibo zokuhlahlela.

Iindlela Zonyango Nezinyanzelo

Xa kuvela ucalucalulo, kufumaneka iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokwenza amaxhoba aphelele yaye zithintele ukwaphulwa kwekamva.

Umonakalo Wokhuphiswano

Amaxhoba okuhlawula imbuyekezo yokuhlawula imbuyiselo ngenxa yokonakalisa okubangelwa lucalulo. Oku kunokuquka ingeniso elahlekileyo neengenelo, inkcitho elahlekileyo, kunye nembuyekezo yenkcitho yenkxwaleko, iintlungu, ukubandezeleka, nezinye iingozi ezingeyozoqoqosho. Kwimeko zomsebenzi, ukohliswa kwemali ehlawulwayo kusenokuquka ukuhlawulwa kwemali elahlekileyo kunye nemali ehlawulwayo kwixesha elizayo ukuba ukubuyiselwa komntu akunakwenzeka.

Umonakalo Obangelwa Kuko

Umonakalo wokubuyisela isohlwayo unganikelwa kwiimeko ezibandakanya ucalucalulo lweqhinga apho ummangalelwa wenza ngolunya okanye ngokungakhathali kumalungelo ommangalelwa. Olu monakalo ujoliswe ekohlwayeni kwaye uthintele ihambo efanayo kwixesha elizayo. Imithetho yocalulo lwemisebenzi yomanyano ibandakanya ucalulo kunye nezono zomqeshi, kodwa eminye imithetho yorhulumente ayinazo iintsimbi ezinjalo.

Ukufumana Uncedo Olungacombululiyo

Iinkundla zingayalela ukuba kupheliswe ucalucalulo oluqhubekayo nokuthintela ukuchaswa kwexesha elizayo. Oku kungaquka imiyalelo yokutshintsha iinkqubo okanye izenzo, ukuzalisekisa iinkqubo zoqeqesho, okanye ukuthatha amanye amanyathelo okuvuma ukucombulula ucalucalulo. Kwiimeko ezilawulayo, ucalucalulo olungenaziphelo lungaphangalelekanga, kufuneke iinguqulelo ezibanzi kwizenzo zentlangano.

Ukubonelela

Iindlela zokunyanga ezingekhoyo ziquka umyalelo wokuqesha okanye ukuthengisela ixhoba impahla.

Iindleko neAttorney

Imithetho emininzi elwa nolwaphulo-mthetho ivumela abalawuli abakhoyo ukuba bafumane iindleko neendleko zegqwetha ezifanelekileyo. Eli lungiselelo libalulekile kuba linceda abantu ukuba baqhubeke nokufuna ucalucalulo kwanaxa umonakalo wabo ungakuthetheleli ukuhlawuliswa kwemali. Ukufumaneka kwemali yemali kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho yocalucalulo iyanyanzeliswa.

Iimfanelo zaburhulumente

Kwisenzo esinjalo soburhulumente, inkundla ingakhupha isiqabu sokukhusela (njengemiyalelo okanye umyalelo wokuthintela), inikele umonakalo wemali, ikhupha izigwebo zasekuhlaleni, okanye inike olunye uncedo olufanelekileyo. Isohlwayo samakhaya esihlawulwa kurhulumente sinokuba sikhulu, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezibandakanya imigaqo okanye izenzo zocalulo.

Ukugwetywa Kwezaphuli - mthetho

Apho amandla okanye isisongelo sokunyanzela sisetyenziswa ukukhanyela okanye ukuphazamisana namalungelo afanelekileyo ezindlu, iSebe leMithetho eBanzi lingasungula imicimbi yolwaphulo-mthetho. Umthetho weSebe uvumela ukuba utshutshise nabani na oya "kwenzakalisa, osoyikisa okanye ophazamisana nomnye umntu, okanye azame ukwenjenjalo, ngokunyanzelisa, ngenxa yohlanga lomnye umntu, ibala, unqulo okanye imvelaphi yobuzwe" kwiimeko ezithile. Abantu abawuchasayo lo mthetho bajongene nokuhlawulwa komnye umntu okanye ukuvalelwa konyaka okanye okuko onyanzeleke macala omabini.

Ucelomngeni Neengxaki Eziqhubekayo Ngokhuseleko Olulinganayo

Nangona kudlule amashumi eminyaka kusenziwa inkqubela kumalungelo abantu, kusafuneka umgudu obalulekileyo wokufikelela umgangatho olinganayo phantsi komthetho.

Ukuhlala Ucalucalulo

Phezu kwazo nje ezi zikhuseli zisemthethweni, ucalucalulo lwezindlu luyaqhubeka, igalelo lokwahluka kobutyebi, imfundo, kunye neziphumo zempilo. Ngo-2017, ngaphezu kwama-28 000 amacala okucalucalucalulwa kwezindlu abekwa kulo lonke elo lizwe. Ezinye zezi zityholo zaphumela ekumangalelweni kwezixeko, iibhanki, nabezondyebo ngenxa yokucalucalulwa kwezindlu nokubolekisa. Ngoxa amanye amatyala axelwa kwaye agunyaziswa, amanye awachazwanga.

Ezinye izinto ezifihlakeleyo okanye ezingekho zingqondweni, zibangela kube nzima ukubona ukuba imigaqo nemigaqo elawulwa ziinkqubo ijongene nokucalucalulo, imigaqo nezithethe ezikwizikhundla zabantu zinokukhuthaza ukungalingani kwangaphandle kwenjongo yolwaphulo - mthetho.

Ucelomngeni Lokunyanzelwa

Ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho echasene nocalucalulo kufuna ubuncwane obaneleyo, ukuthanda kwezobupolitika, kunye nentsebenziswano evela kumaqumrhu alawulwayo. Amaziko anyanzelisayo asoloko ejamelana nemiqathango ethintela oovimba abanokukwazi ukuphanda izikhalazo nokulandela amatyala. Ukutshintsha kwemeko yezobupolitika kukwalucelomngeni olukhulu. Ukukhusela izindlu ezintle kwakukhe kwaba ngumgudu wecawa, kodwa inkxaso yezobupolitika yale njongo iye yancipha kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje.

Iimephu Kukhuseleko Lwasemthethweni

Kufuneka sihlaziye iPager House Act esemthethweni ukulungiselela ukhuselwa kocalulo olusekelwe kwimbonakalo yesini, ubufanasini, isimo somtshato, ingeniso, imvume yamava, isikhundla sobundlobongela, okanye imbali yolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngoxa amanye amagunya esele akhuselwe, imiqobo isekho kumgangatho wesizwe nakumazwe amaninzi.

Umahluko Neentlobo Ezininzi Zocalucalulo

Abantu badla ngokucalucalulwa ngenxa yeempawu ezininzi ngaxeshanye, --a ingcamango ebizwa ngokuba kukudibana kweminqamlezo. Umzekelo, ibhinqa eliNsundu lingajamelana nocalucalulo olwahlukileyo kucalulo olujongene namadoda okanye amabhinqa amhlophe. Izakhiwo zemithetho ziye zazama ukuhlangabezana nocalucalulo olubangelwa kukudibanisa, njengoko zidla ngokuhlalutya ucalulo olusekelwe kwiimpawu ezingafaniyo kunokuba ziqonde ukuba abantu abaninzi basebenzisane njani.

IBhaas Epheleleyo Nocalucalulo Olusemgangathweni

Ucalucalulo oluninzi namhlanje lubangelwa lucalulo olucacileyo ngezantsi, isimo sengqondo esichaphazela indlela yokuziphatha kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Ukulungisa ikhethe elicacileyo kufuna ukuyeka ukucalucalula ngabom ukuze kuqwalaselwe indlela imigaqo, izithethe, neziko elisekwe kwimimandla ephezulu ekuqhubekeni nokungalingani. Oku kuquka ukuhlolisisa iziphumo ezizodwa, ukukhuthaza ukwahlukahlukana nokudityaniswa, nokusebenzisa uqheliselo olusekelwe kubungqina ukuze kuncitshiswe ikhethe.

Owona Mkhwa ulungileyo wokukhuthaza uKhuselo olulinganayo

Ukwakha ibutho labantu elinemigaqo elinganayo yokukhusela ifuna umgudu oqhubekayo kubantu, kwimibutho nakumaziko.

Kubantu Abahlukahlukeneyo

  • Zifundise ngokwakho[ malunga nemithetho yokhuseleko elinganayo, amalungelo akho, kunye neembopheleleko zakho
  • [[UMTL:0] Hlola ucalucalulo lwakho kwaye usebenze ukoyisa intsingiselo ebanzi kunye nekhethe
  • Comment=Xhoba [[FLT: 0] Xa ubona ucalulo okanye ukuphathwa ngokungekho sikweni
  • Ingeniso kwiinkqubo eziqukayo kunye noqheliselo kumsebenzi wakho, kuluntu, nakumaqumrhu karhulumente
  • Advocate ukwenzela ukhuseleko olomeleleyo nokugcinwa okungcono kwemithetho elwa nocalulo-calulo

Abaqeshi

  • Imigaqo-nkqubo ebanzi echasene nocalucalulo egquma zonke iimpawu ezikhuselweyo kwaye ekwalela ngokucacileyo ucalucalulo, ukungcungcuthekiswa, kunye nokuziphindezelela
  • [[UMTL:0] Iprojekthi yoqeqesho oluthe rhoqo kubo bonke abasebenzi abakwimithetho elwa nokruthakruthwano, iinkqubo zenkampani, kunye nezenzo eziqulunqweyo emsebenzini
  • Injongo yokufakelwa, iinkqubo ezicace gca ekuqesheni, ekunyuseni, ekuhlawuleni, nakwezinye izigqibo zemisebenzi
  • [[UMTL:0] Conuct intlawulo esoloko ikhona ukuchonga kunye nembuyekezo yemali egqwethekileyo ukuchonga kunye nembuyekezo yemali
  • Yenze imisebenzi yokufumana equkayo ukutsala abanikezeli abahlukahlukeneyo
  • Iinkqubo zokukhalaza ezicacileyo[[FT:1] kunye nokuphanda zonke izikhalazo ngokukhawuleza nangokucokisekileyo
  • [[UMTH: 0] IFOster inkcubeko eququzelekileyo apho bonke abaqeshwa baziva bexabisekile kwaye behlonelwa
  • [[UMTL:0] Amanani akhoyo kunye neziphumo ukuchonga izinto ezinokungalingani
  • Iprojekthi yeendawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo eqhubekayo kwaye ibandakanyeka kwiinkqubo ezibonisa ukholo olulungileyo

Abanikeli bezindlu

  • [[UMTL:0] Sebenzisa imilinganiselo engaguquguqukiyo, enenjongo yokubonisa kubo bonke abafaki-zicelo
  • [[UMTL:0] Abasebenzi beSikolo kwimithetho yezindlu ezifanelekileyo kunye neemfuno
  • [[UMTL:0] Gcina iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha zezicelo, izigqibo, kunye nothungelwano
  • [[UMTL:0] Jonga ubhengezo ukuqinisekisa ukuba alubonisi izikhethelo okanye imiqathango
  • [[UMTL:0] Iprojekthi yeendawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo notshintsho kubantu abakhubazekileyo
  • Respond ngokukhawuleza kwizicelo zokuhlala nokubandakanyeka kwiinkqubo ezisebenzisanayo

Kwiziko Lemfundo

  • Imigaqo ecacileyo elwa nocalulo-calucalulo kunye neenkqubo zokukhalaza
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Iprojekthi kubafundi, kubafundisi, nakumsebenzi kumalungelo kunye neembopheleleko zabo
  • qinisekisa ufikelelo olulinganayo kuzo zonke iinkqubo, imisebenzi, kunye namasethi
  • [[Uluhlu:0] Ukukhathazwa kwedilesi nokungcungcuthekiswa ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo
  • Iprojekti yeendawo ezifanelekileyo zokuhlala kubafundi abakhubazekileyo
  • [[UMKHL. 0] Imisebenzi yoluleko yezinto ezinokukwahlula
  • [[UMTL:0] chaza ingeniso equkayo yeklasi ebonisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo namava

Amagunya Karhulumente

  • Ukujonga imithetho, iinkqubo, kunye nezenzo ukuhambelana nemigaqo yokhuseleko elinganayo
  • Comment=Iziphumo zemithetho yesiseko sesiseko sesiseko sesiseko sedata ye projekti ye projekti ye projekti ye projekti ye projekti ye projekti ye projekti ye projekti ye projekti ye projekti ye projekti ye projekti ye projekti ye projekti ye projekti ye me. [[FT.1]
  • [[UMTL:0] qinisekisa ufikelelo olulinganayo kwiinkonzo nengenelo zikarhulumente
  • Iinkonzo zonikezelo lolwimi lweProvide kubantu abanobuchule obulinganiselweyo bamaNgesi
  • Yenza ugcino kunye neenkqubo zifikeleleke kubantu abakhubazekileyo
  • Iqeqesha abasebenzi bakarhulumente kwiimfuno ezichasene nocalucalulo
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • Engage with affectedcommunities in policy development and implementation

Oovimba kunye noLwazi olongezelelekileyo

Numerous resources are available for individuals seeking to understand their rights, file complaints, or learn more about equal protection laws.

Ingxakeko yomanyano

  • [[QUE:0] IKhomishini ye-Opportunity (EOC) – i-Emplicess contrast yemithetho ye-ovential stative yemisebenzi kwaye inika ulwazi ngamalungelo omsebenzi ([ www.eoc.gov[)
  • [[UMTL:0] Indawe yezindlu nophuhliso lwe-URMA (HUD) – i-Enforces mithetho yezindlu ezintle kwaye ihlolisisa izikhalazo zendlu ( www.hud.gov)
  • Isebe leJaji yamaLungelo eSiko- Liwonke – I-Enkforssions mithetho yamalungelo oluntu kwimimandla emininzi ( www.constructure.gov/crt))
  • Isebe le-ofisi yemfundo yamalungelo oluntu – iziphumo zocalucalulo kwimfundo ( i-www.gov/ocr)

Imeko kunye neZinto zasekuhlaleni

Uninzi lwamazwe anamaziko alwela amalungelo abantu anyanzelisa imithetho echasene nolwaphulo-mthetho. La masebe asenokubizwa ngokuba ziikhomishini zamalungelo abantu, amasebe alwela amalungelo abantu, okanye amasebe afanelekileyo emisebenzi kunye namasebe eendlu.

Uncedo Olusemthethweni

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba uye wacalucalulwa, khawuqhagamshelane negqwetha elinolwazi ngamalungelo abantu okanye ngomthetho wezemisebenzi. Amagqwetha amaninzi anikela ii-arhente zokuqala ngesisa. Imibutho yoncedo olusemthethweni namaqela alwela amalungelo abantu asemthethweni asenokunikela uncedo olusemthethweni ngesisa okanye oluphantsi kubantu abangakwaziyo ukuhlawula amagqwetha.

Imibutho yobusela

Imibutho emininzi engafumani ngeniso isebenzela ukukhuthaza amalungelo abantu nokulwa nocalucalulo. Le mibutho inika imfundo, ubungangamsha, yaye maxa wambi inikela uncedo olusemthethweni. Imizekelo iquka iNaACP Legal Defence Fund, iAmerican Civil Liberaties Union (ACLU), iNational Fair Howard Holson Alliance, kunye neminye emininzi igxininisa kwimibandela ethile okanye kwimimandla ethile.

Isiphelo

Imithetho yokukhusela elinganayo imela ukunyanzeleka okusisiseko kokusesikweni, isidima, kunye nethuba elilinganayo kubo bonke abantu. Le mithetho ikhusela ucalucalulo kwimisebenzi, kwizindlu, kwimfundo, kwimimandla emininzi yoluntu, nakweminye imimandla emininzi yobomi. Ukuqonda amalungelo akho phantsi kwale mithetho kukunika amandla okuqonda nokuvavanya ucalucalulo xa lusenzeka. Ukuqonda iimbopheleleko zakho kukunceda ukuba ube negalelo kwibutho labantu elinobulungisa nelingenabubulungisa.

Nangona kuye kwenziwa inkqubela ebalulekileyo ukususela ekuphelisweni koMphetho-mda weshumi elinesine nokudluliswa komthetho wamalungelo abantu obalulekileyo, kusekho imingeni. Ucalulo luyaqhubeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kwaye imida ekukhuselweni ngokusemthethweni iyaqhubeka ishiya abantu abathile bebuthathaka. Ukulungisa ezi ngxaki kufuna ukuba abantu, imibutho namaziko aqhubekeke ngokuzibophelela ukuba bangalandeli nje kuphela ileta yomthetho kodwa bamkele imigaqo yokulingana nokuqukwa kwemigaqo elinganayo.

Ngokuzifundisa ngemithetho yokukhusela elinganayo, ukuhlolisisa ikhethe lethu, ukugxeka ucalucalulo nokusebenzela ukuvelisa iindawo ezihlala abantu abahlala kuzo emsebenzini, kwiindawo esihlala kuzo namaziko, sonke sinokufak ’ isandla ekuzalisekeni kwesithembiso sokukhuselwa ngendlela efanayo phantsi komthetho. Uhambo lokulingana kokwenene luyaqhubeka, kodwa ngomgudu nozibopheleleko, sinokuqhubeka sisenza inkqubela kwibutho labantu apho wonke umntu aphathwa ngesidima nangentlonelo, nalapho amathuba efumaneka kubo bonke abantu kungakhathaliseki ukuba baneempawu zobuqu.

Enoba ungomntu ofuna ukuqonda amalungelo akho, umqeshi osebenza ukuze abangele indawo yomsebenzi epheleleyo, umgcini-zindlu ozinikele kuqheliselo olufanelekileyo, okanye ummi okholelwa kwimigaqo yokulingana nokusesikweni, ukuqonda imithetho yokukhusela efanayo kubalulekile. Le mithetho inikela umgangatho wokukhusela ekucalucalucalulweni kunye nesiseko sokwakha ibutho labantu elilinganayo. Ngokwazi nokusebenzisa amalungelo akho, ukuphumeza iimbopheleleko zakho, nokukhuthaza inkqubela phambili, ufeza indima ebalulekileyo ekuhambiseleni phambili komdla wokukhusela bonke abantu.