UmGaqo-siseko we-United States yindawo esisiseko yamalungelo akhusela bonke abemi ngezantsi kunye nabafundi. Kumongo wemfundo, ezi ziqinisekiso zomgaqo-siseko zimisela indlela izikolo ezisebenza ngayo, ingqeqesho, kunye nokusebenzisana nabantu abaselula. Ukuqonda amalungelo omgaqo-siseko wabafundi akuyonto ifanelekileyo kodwa yimfuno esebenzayo kubafundisi, abalawuli, nabafundi ngokwabo. Eli nqaku linikela uvavanyo olunegunya, olunzulu lwemiqathango engundoqo ekhusela inkululeko yabafundi, izigwebo zenkundla yembali ezibachazayo, kunye nocelomngeni lwangoku oluqhubeka luvava imida yabo.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko samalungelo abafundi

Iziphendu ezintathu zenza umzi woMgaqo-siseko wokhuseleko kwizikolo zikawonke-wonke: IsiHlaliso sokuqala (ukhuseleko, unqulo, indibano), LomGaqo-nkqubo we-Fourth [ (ukuhlola nokuphamba), kunye [[FLT:]] nokhuseleko lweFourtenth [umgangatho ofanelekileyo] [umgangatho othe kratya]). Ngelixesha iBhili yamaLungelo ekuqaleni isebenzisa kuphela kurhulumente worhulumente, isiHlazi-Galisa-Gram-mvume) ngaphandle komthandazo ka-Clauslauskarde. Oku kubandakanya umgangatho wesikolo, kuquka nephondo lwezikolo.Uquququ nesi sinokwenziso sikolo (okanye nomgaqo-grac.)

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba abafundi abawanikezeli onke amalungelo omgaqo-siseko kwisango lendlu yesikolo. Njengoko iNkundla Ephakamileyo yabhengezwa ngokudumileyo kwi Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District , “Akunakuthethwa ukuba abafundi okanye abafundisi-magunya abo bawakhupha amalungelo abo esiseko enkululeko yokuthetha okanye yokuthetha kwisango lendlu yesikolo.” Kodwa loo malungelo awanamdla opheleleyo; izikolo zinemdla osemthethweni ekulondolozeni, ekukhuseleni, nasekufundiseni umsebenzi wemfundo. Uxinezeleko phakathi kwenkululeko negunya ngalinye lomthetho.

Amalungelo Okuhlaziywa Kokuqala Ezikolweni

IsiHlanzi sokuQala siqinisekisa inkululeko yokuthetha, yonqulo, yokushicilela, yokuhlanganisana nesicelo. Nganye yezi zixhobo ziyasebenza kwizikolo, kodwa kukho imiqathango ebalulekileyo eye yamiselwa ngocoselelo kwiinkundla kwisiqingatha senkulungwane edluleyo.

Inkululeko Yokuthetha

Imeko ye icon [[FLT: 0] . Des Moines v yaqinisekisa ukuba abafundi bangavakalisa iimbono `````nakanye''''amaqela aphikisanayo, lo gama nje intetho ingaphazamisani meno ephathekayo okanye ngokunzulu namalungelo abanye. E-Tinker, abafundi abathathu baxhotyiswe ngenxa yokunxiba amakhamandela amnyama ukuqhatha imfazwe yase Vietnam. Inkundla ePhakamileyo yagqiba ngemvume yabo, idala “Tinker uvavanyo oluhlala lukumgangatho osisiseko wokuthetha kwabafundi.

Amatyala amva ashwankathe olo khuselo lubanzi. kwiSithili seBethel iNo. 403 v. Fraser (1986), iNkundla yaxhasa ukurhoxiswa komfundi owanikela intetho engcolileyo, engcolileyo kwindibano yesikolo, iphethe ukuba izikolo zingasilela intetho engcolileyo okanye erhabaxa ethobayo ethob' ethobayo ethoba iphule umsebenzi wabo wemfundo. [Frederick:] [FLT] [2007], iNkuNkubonelo yavumela umfundi ukuba aqeqeshele ukubonakalisa iflegi ibhanile yophawu “BONG JES 4. IKSTION, ilawula isiganeko sokukhuthaza intetho engekho mthethweni.

Ezi meko zintathu `````````IFLT'' ivumela ucwangciso lwezahlulo ezintathu. ikhusela intcazelo yezopolitiko nezentlalo ngaphandle kokuba ibangele ukuphazamiseka okukhulu. iFraser[ ivumela imiqathango ekwintetho engcolileyo okanye engcolileyo. [[FLT:]] [FLT]] [[FLT]]] ivumela imiqathango kwintetho ekhuthaza ukuziphatha okungekho mthethweni. Iinkundla ezisezantsi ziyaqhubeka zisebenzisa le migangatho entsha, ingakumbi kwingingqi yengingqi ephumayo kodwa ichitha imo-me. Umzekelo, [[FLTL:] [2] Isikolo se- BFLT]

Inkululeko Yonqulo

IFirst Amendment ineengxelo ezimbini zonqulo: Ukumiselwa kukaClaus (ukuvunywa konqulo okugunyazisayo) neFree Execree Claus (ukukhusela uqheliselo lonqulo lwabantu).

Ukumiselwa kweNkundla ePhakamileyo ka-Claus kukwalela ukuthandaza okugunyazisiweyo kwizikolo zikawonke-wonke, ukufundwa kweBhayibhile, kunye nemfundiso yokudalwa kwendalo njengenzululwazi. Engel v. Vitale [1962], iNkundla ePhakamileyo yawuphelisa umthandazo owenziwe ngurhulumente kwizikolo zikawonke wonke, iphethe ukuba kwanomthandazo ongeyo yangamalungu enkonzo esemthethweni wawuphikisayo u-Clauslee. Amatyala anyusela loo buchule kumfundisi-mfundisi-mthandazo ekuphumeleleni nasekuthandazeni kwabafundi ngenkqubo yezinyulo zikawonke-wonke-wonke xa kuqukiwe amagosa ezikolo.

Kwangaxeshanye, abafundi bagcina ilungelo lokuthandaza ngokobuqu, bakha iiklabhu zonqulo, kwaye bavakalise iinkolelo zonqulo ngokunjalo ngesiseko sokuzithandela, esingadibanisiyo. Act ye-Eququal Act ka 1984 bafuna izikolo zemfundo ephezulu zikawonke-wonke ukuvumela amaqela onqulo adibeneyo ukuba adibane ekholeji ukuba avumele ezinye iiklabhu ezingezozacatshulwayo ukuba zikhokele kodwa zivumele abafundi basebenzise ukholo lwabo ngokuzithandela. Inkundla ePhakamileyo ixhasa lo mthetho kwi- Bhooard yemfundo.D [[FLT][FLT:][3] [1990]]. Ootitshala bekufuneka bahambe kakuhle. Ootitshalali-yawo-befundisi bahambe ngomgca: abanakukwazi ukukholisa umthandazo kodwa bamele bavumele abafundi ukuba basebenze ngokuzithandela ukholo lwabo.

Ilungile ukuhlanganisa

Abafundi banelungelo lokuhlanganisana ngoxolo kunye nokwakha unxulumano oluluxolezileyo. Oku kuquka ukukwazi ukwenza ii-aclub, ukuqhuba iintlanganiso, nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimibhiyozo yoxolo, logama umsebenzi ungaphazamisani nemisebenzi yesikolo. Umlinganiselo wonikezelo okhankanywe ngasentla ulukhuselo olungundoqo. I-Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier [1988] [1988], iNkukwacacisa ukuba isikolo siphendulwe okanye sikhuselwe imidlalo (njengekhasikolo esivezwe esiveliswe njengenxalenye yeklasi) lungalawulwa kakhulu ngumlawuli ngenxa yokuba bephethe isikolo se-inrimpoor. Kodwa abangengobangasese-amagumbi okufunda okanye ii-ama-ekhoralite, abafumana ukhuselo oluqhelekileyo lwe-Tker, ukhuseleko lwe-Tker.

Ukuhamba kwabafundi nokuqhankqalaza ngezantsi kungokunje ngenxa yogonyamelo lwemipu, ukuguquka kwemozulu, okanye ukugwetywa kwezentlalo ngezantsi: abafundi banelungelo lokubonisa ukungavumelani, kodwa izikolo zisenokubeka imiqathango yexesha, indawo, nendlela yokuphepha ukuphazamisa. Umzekelo, isikolo sisenokufuna ukuba kuvele iimendo zokuphuma emigudwini yasesimini okanye emva kwesikolo, kunokuthi kungene phakathi kweklasi, ukuba umthetho uqulethwe yi-ne-ne-nethi.

UMthetho Ohlaziyiweyo Wesine Wamalungelo — Ukufuna Nokuzimela

Kwindawo yesine yoMphetho-mvandedwa ukhusela abantu ekuphandeni ngokungekho ngqiqweni nasekuxhuzuleni. Kwizikolo, iNkundla Ephakamileyo iye yathi umgaqo wokuphengulula asingowokungaqiniseki "oyena mgaqo uqhelekileyo wolwaphulo-mthetho” kodwa“ ukukrokrela okusengqiqweni okuya kuvumbulula ubungqina bokwaphulwa komthetho wesikolo.

Izizathu ezifanelekileyo

Ityala lencopho yembali likwi-New Jersey v. T.L.O. (85) libandakanya umfundi wesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo owathi watshaya kwigumbi lokuhlambela. Xa inqununu ikhangela isipakethe yayo, yafumana imidiza, amaphepha aqengqelayo, kunye nobungqina bokuphatha kweziyobisi. INkundla ePhakamileyo yagqiba ukuba abaphathi besikolo bangaphendla ngaphandle kwemvume ukuba “banokukrokreqa ukuba ukukhangela kuya kuvula ubungqina bokuba umfundi uphule okanye uyaphula umthetho okanye uyayaphula imithetho yesikolo." Ukuphendla kwakhona kufuneka “kuchazwe ngokwezimo." Oku kuvavanywa okubini (umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo) kumgaqo wolawulo.

Ukuvavanywa Kweziyobisi

Uvavanyo olungakhethiyo lweziyobisi zabadlali babafundi lwaxhaswa ku iSithili seSikolo saseVernonia [4.J. Acton (1995], apho iNkundla yathi abadlali babafundi banciphise amathemba abokuthe ngqo kwaye umdla wesikolo ekunqandeni ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi phakathi kwabadlali (abajamelene nomonakalo ombi). INkundla kamva yandisa le ngcamango kubo bonke abafundi ababandakanyeke kwimisebenzi yokhuphiswano-phambili kwi-Prosopterschr [earth] Bhoard yemfundo v. [[FLT:] [2002]. Noko ke, ukukrokrela okunga okuthezelelweyo okungaphanga konke kweziyobisi okungabandakanye novavanyo lomzimba wonke womfundi okanye abafundi ababandanga kwimisebenzi enokwenzeka ukuba ingadluliselwe kwimithetho-siseko somgaqo-mthetho.

I-Locker, iDesk, kunye nokukhangela kombane

Izitshixo needesika zizinto zesikolo, kodwa abafundi badla ngokuhlala belindele ukuba izinto zibe zezobuqu. Iinkundla ezininzi zisebenzisa iT.L.O. imigangatho, ivumela ukuphengulula ukuba kukho ukrokra olusengqiqweni. Izikolo zinganciphisa amathemba obuqu abafundi ngokuchaza ngokucacileyo, iincwadi zesikolo (ukuthi ii-ockingings zixhomekeke kwizinto ezizenzekelayo, ezingathunyelelwanga. I-Laptop uphendla iphakamisa imiba eyongezelelekileyo phantsi koMphengululo weSine kwaye ifuna ukukrokraza okanye inkqubo yesikolo enika isaziso esifanelekileyo nebeke imingcele epheleleyo yokuhlola. Ezinye inkundla zesikolo ziye zafuna abaphathi besikolo ukuba bafumane isiqinisekiso esiphezulu ngaphambi kokuphendla okuphezulu (njengophengulula okungalungisiweyo). [[FLD] Isiqeshane seSithili esingekho ngqi. [FLD][FS"FS"10]

Uhlaziyo Lweshumi Elinane – Ukhuseleko Olulinganayo Nenkqubo Efanelekileyo

Uhlaziyo lweshumi elinesine lunika amacebiso amabini anamandla kubafundi: uKhuselo lwe-Equal Clause kunye ne-"Imodeli Project Clause.

Ukhuseleko olulinganayo

I-Actal Protection Claus ifuna ukuba bonke abafundi baphathwe ngokulinganayo phantsi komthetho. Lo mgaqo ubengundoqo kwimigudu yokususa izalathiso ( Brown v. Ibhodi yemfundo [1954]) iphelise ucalucalulo lobuhlanga kwizikolo), ubufana (Isihloko seSiphendu semfundo sango1979 sikwalela ucalucalulo ngokwesondo kwizikolo ezixhaswa yimali-mali), kunye nokhuseleko kubafundi abaneziphelishwa (Umthetho oneziphembelelo zemfundo kunye neCandelo 504 loMthetho we-Reveloption).

Izikolo azinakucalula ngokweziziziko zohlanga ekuvulweni, kwingqeqesho, okanye ekufikeleleni kwiinkqubo. Kufuneka zinikeze amathuba alinganayo eSihlomelo se-IX kunye nobufana, kuquka inkxaso efanayo kwimidlalo kunye nezokhuselo kwimidlalo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinkundla ziye zandisa imigaqo yokukhusela elinganayo kwi-transgender presences, kunye neenkundla ezininzi zezicelo zephondo eziphethe ukuba ukucalucalucalucalulo okusekelwe kumgangatho wokuvela kwelinye icala le-li, ukukhusela i-IX ne-Suple Prote Detement Classias. INkurt:0]Bostocb v. Clayton County [[[FFLD:] 2020]).

Ilindelekile

I-Baw Process Claus iqinisekisa ukuba abafundi abajongene nesigwebo esinzulu bafumana iinkqubo zobulungisa. Gos v. Lopez [1997], iNkundla ePhakamileyo yagqiba ukuba abafundi bajongene nokuthuthwa kweentsuku ezilishumi okanye ezingaphantsi banelungelo lokufumana ubuncinane: isaziso sezityholo, ingcaciso yobungqina obuchasene nabo, nethuba lokuphendula phambi kokuba i-injini isebenze (ngaphandle kweemeko zongxamiseko). Kwimiqathango okanye ukugxothwa, iinkqubo ezininzi ezisesikweni, ezifana nokuva ngamangqina nomelo kunye nomelo oluqhelekileyo zifuneka phantsi komthetho okanye inkqubo yesikolo.

Inkqubo efanelekileyo iyasebenza nakwizigqibo zemfundo, nangona iinkundla zinika izikolo ingqiqo engakumbi ekurhoxiseni nasekugxothweni kwesikolo kunakwimibandela yoqeqesho. Abafundi abanesiphene bafumana ukhuseleko olungakumbi phantsi kwe-IDEIA.

Abafundi Abaneziphene

I-IDEA ifuna izikolo ezinika abafundi i-Free Thegistratical Public Education (FAPE) ifanelekela ukufaneleka kwabafundi abaneziphene. Oku kuquka iNkqubo yemfundo yoMsebenzi ngamnye (IEP) elungele iimfuno zomfundi ngamnye. Icandelo lama-504 liyalwalela ucalucalucalulo kubafundi abaneziphene nakuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokumiselwa kwemali karhulumente. Izikolo kufuneka zenze iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba bafikeleleke ngokulinganayo, kwaye ukungaphumeleli ukwenza oko kunokukhokelela ekumangalelweni ematyaleni, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ukulahlekelwa yimali karhulumente. Zombi i-Calctive Processsss Clacee nemithetho yolawulo yorhulumente ekhusela ilungelo laba bafundi lokufumana ingeniso elungeleyo.

Uphawu lweNkundla Ephakamileyo Luyekelela Amalungelo Abafundi

Ukuwaqonda kubalulekile nabani na osebenzela okanye oxhasa inkqubo yemfundo.

  • Isithili se-Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School Community [1969] – simisiwe isivakalisi sokuba intetho yabafundi ikhuselwe ngaphandle kokuba iphazamisa kakhulu imisebenzi yesikolo. “Uvavanyo lwe-Tinker” luhlala lusemgangathweni wokulawula.
  • IGos v. Lopez (1975) – iqinisekisa inkqubo efunekayo yeproced procedology (iingcaciso kunye nokuva) phambi kokususa umva kwiintsuku ezilishumi okanye ezingaphantsi.
  • New Jersey v. T.L.O. (85) – Apt faced the Folder of Folderment of the Fourth Comment to application, ukwamkela “umlinganiso osengqiqweni”.
  • iBethel School District v. Fraser (86) – ivumele izikolo ukuba zithintele intetho engcolileyo okanye ecacileyo ehlasimlisayo kwizicwangciso zesikolo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (188) – izikolo ezinikelayo zilawula kakhulu ulawulo kwiimpapasho zesikolo ezinamaphepha athenjiweyo kunye nentetho yeklasi.
  • I-Board of Education v.Diavenns (1990) – Ifumene uMthetho we-Unible Act, efuna izikolo ukuvumela ii-aclub zonqulo ngesiseko esinye njengezinye iiklasi ezingeyoyoklasi.
  • [[FLT: 0] IVernonia Isikolo seThafa ukuva. Acton (1995) – Ukuvavanywa kweziyobisi okungacwangciswanga kwabafundi abadlalayo.
  • [[NTL:0] More v. Frederick (2007) – Ivumele izikolo ukumisela umlomo okhuthaza ukusetyenziswa okungekho mthethweni kweziyobisi.
  • [[FLT: 0] SAfford Adminity School v. Readd (2009) – Seka imida kuphando lwemida ephakathi yabafundi.
  • [[FLT: 0] IMahanoy Icandelo leSithili seSikolo soPhicotho-b. B.L. (2021)[FL:1] – iHelding isithi izikolo azinakohlwaya intetho yabafundi engekho sikhutsheni kwi media.

Iingxaki Neengxaki Zangexesha Elidluleyo

Ubugcisa bale mihla kunye nezithethe ezihlaziywayo zentlalo zidala ingxabano entsha phakathi kwamalungelo abafundi kunye negunya lesikolo. Ukuqonda le mibandela kunceda izikolo ziqhubeke zisebenza yaye zihlonela ukhuseleko olusekelwe kumGaqo-siseko.

Intetho yeNkcubeko neyokuXhosa

Unyuko lwezixhobo zokunxibelelana lusingele phantsi isithintelo phakathi kwe-campus kunye nesimilo se-campus. Isigqibo sama-Mahanoy saqonda ukuba izikolo zidla ngokungabi nalo igunya lokuthetha ngokusuka nje ngaphandle kokuba zibangele ukuphazamiseka okubalulekileyo eklasini okanye ukusongela ukhuseleko lwabafundi kunye nabasebenzi. Kodwa iinkundla ezisezantsi zixabana nemibuzo efana ne: Ingaba isikolo sinoqeqesho lomfundi lwekhethe okanye iposi esongelayo eyenziwe ngoMgqibelo? Yintoni edla ngokubhekiselele kumntu afunda naye ofunda naye? Impendulo ixhomekeke ekubeni intetho ikhokelela ekuphazamisekeni okunzulu esikolweni. Izikolo zicetyiswa kakuhle ukuba abafundi bafundise ngeziphumo ezikhoyo ze-intanethi kunye nemithetho ecacileyo ehambisana nomthetho wangoku.

LGBTQ+ amalungelo

Amalungelo abafundi abasebenzisa ii-pampmers zokusebenzisa izitena ezilingana nobudoda, ukukhusela amagama abo akhethiweyo nezimela-zimvo, nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ehlaziyiweyo yokwahlukana kwamadoda namabhinqa ayacaciswa ngokusemthethweni. Ngoxa iNkundla ePhakamileyo ingakalawuli kwityala lomfundi elitsha, iziphaluka ezininzi zitolike isiSihlomelo se-IX neSikhuseli-Sikhulu sika-Elimite Claus ukukhusela abafundi abasuka kwezinye iindawo. Isikolo esifumana kwimigaqo-siseko esiqululekileyo siye sanyusa umngcipheko wokukhuselwa kwemithetho ekhuselekileyo kunye nokukhuliswa kwemekobume yemfundo kuzo zozibini zonke izikolo.

Ucalucalulo Lobuhlanga Noqeqesho Lwesikolo

Ugcino-lwazi lubonisa ukwahlukana okuqhubekayo kohlanga kwimfundo yesikolo (ukunyanzeliswa kobulungisa, ukugxothwa, ukusetyenziswa komthetho). Abameli baphikisa ngelithi ezi zahlulo zaphula i-Commistial Protection Clause, ingakumbi xa iinkqubo zineziphumo ezizohlukeneyo ngaphandle kobulungisa obunyanzelisayo bemfundo. Ezinye izikolo ziphinde zayitshintsha imigaqo-siseko yoqeqesho yokugxininisa imigaqo yokulungisa isigwebo nokulinganisela imigaqo-nkqubo evelisa iziphumo eziqatha kwizaphuli-mthetho. Isebe lezemfundo ye-ofisi yezemfundo yokwahlula-mthetho yesizwe lihlola izikhalazo zocalucalulo lohlanga. Izikolo zimele ziqinisekise ukuba uqheliselo lwazo lokuqeqesha isebenza ngokulinganayo kwaye akukho lucalucalucalulo oluneyo.

Ukhokelo Olusebenzisekayo Kubafundisi Nabafundi

Ukukhusela amalungelo omGaqo-siseko kwimfundo kufuna okungaphezulu kunokuthobela ngokusemthethweni nje kuphela — kufuna isithethe sokuhlonela nokuqonda.

Ukudala Amalungelo-ajongene nezithethe zeSikolo

Izikolo kufuneka zidibanise izifundo ezingomGaqo-siseko kwizifundo zokufundisa, kungekuphela nje kwiiklasi zikarhulumente okanye zembali kodwa nakwiimibandela ezithile. Abafundi abawaqondayo amalungelo abo basenokuwasebenzisa ngokunenkathalo. Uqeqesho oluthe rhoqo kubafundisi-bafundisi nakubaphathi beendawo ezigqwethekileyo zomthetho lukwabalulekile. Izikolo ezininzi zisebenzisa iincwadi ezichaza ngokucacileyo amalungelo abafundi kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho, ukukhangela, kunye nokuchaza amagama.

Imithetho ethintela ukuthethwa kwabafundi ngenxa yokoyika ukuphazamiseka ingaba yeyobuhlanga. Endaweni yoko, abalawuli kufuneka basebenzise isakhiwo se-Tinker ukuhlolisisa imeko nganye: Ngaba intetho leyo ibangela okanye inokuba yingozi? Ingaba ikhuthaza izenzo ezingekho mthethweni? Ukuba akunjalo, kufuneka ivunyelwe.

Ubuchule Nezibonelelo

Abafundi nabazali abakholelwa ukuba amalungelo abo ophulwe bangafuna uncedo kwiintlangano ezinjenge- American Liberties Union (ACLU]), epapasha izikhokelo ezibanzi kumalungelo omfundi. Olunye uncedo luyi- I-Cornell Legal Information Institute yomthetho wemfundo , enika iingcaciso ezicacileyo zamatyala amakhulu. [[[FLT:]] i-Oyez] inikeza ushicilelo oluvakalayo lwentetho kunye nezishwankamiso zeNkuhlalo ephakamileyo, ivumela abafundi nabahlohlisi ukuba beve ngokuthe ngqo kwimithetho esesikweni. Izikolo zingamema namalungelo abantu abahlala kunye nabameli becandelo eliphakathi okanye abameli becandelo lomthetho oluthetha ngezomthetho.

Kwimiba yoqeqesho, eyona ndlela ingcono kukwazi iinkqubo ezibhaliweyo zesikolo nokucela inkqubela efanelekileyo yokuchotshelwa xa ukuxolelwa okanye ukugxothwa kubonakala kungafanelekanga. Icebiso elingokwasemthethweni licetyiswa kwimicimbi enzulu, kodwa iimpikiswano ezininzi zinokuconjululwa ngomgaqo-nkqubo ongacwangciswanga ukuba umfundi nomzali bayayiqonda inkqubo yomGaqo-siseko.

Isiphelo

Amalungelo omGaqo-siseko kwimfundo asiyonto iphambili kwaye ayiyonto iqinisekiswe. Ukusukela kumfundi onxibe iqosha lezobupolitika ukuya kulowo ucela ithutyana lomthandazo welizwi, ukusuka kwimbaleki kuvavanyo lweziyobisi oluqhelekileyo ukuya kumntwana okwishumi elivisayo ojongene nokugxothwa kwindawo yezentlalo-ntle, isiseko semfundo yaseMerika sisoloko sivavanywa kwaye siphinda siqinisekiswe. Abafundisi abahlonela amalungelo abafundi bakhuthaza ukuthembana kunye nokuthengiselwa kwezentlalo-ntle. Abafundi abawaziyo amalungelo abo baba ngabameli begunyazi bobulungisa. Ngokuqonda izigqibo Zokuqala, zesine, kunye neziHlamkelo zenkundla ezichaza ukuba zichazwe njalo.