Ukwazisa

Ukhuthuzo lwexesha likaxakeka lwasedolophini luphakathi kocelomngeni olunzima olujongene nabacebi besixeko kunye nabaphathi bongxamiseko namhlanje. Abemi baseDense, izibonelelo zokuphuma ezisikelwe umda, iindlela zokuphuma ezisikelwe umda, kunye nemeko engaqondakaliyo yeentlekele zidityaniswa ukuze zenze iimeko apho iziphumo zesibini zihambelana khona. Ngokutsho kweFederal Emergency Management Management Management Agency (FEMA), ucwangciso olusebenzayo lwemeko yongxamiseko kufuneka luthethe kuzo zombini umjikelo woko-mdla nabantu abakhokelayo. Eli nqaku linwebandisa kwisiseko sendlela yokukhutshwa kwengozi ngokutsha, inkqubela-tek-techwe-tel-tel-exinezelo lobugcisa, nokufikelela kolwazi olusekelwe kwimiqatha lovavanyo lokusebenza kwipo yokuzinzo olusuka kwi-ekhomba-"injini liyakwazi ukwakha iinkqubo ezikhusela bonke abahla.

Ukuvavanywa Kwezakhiwo Neengozi Zasedolophini

Ukuyiqonda kakuhle isakhiwo esineemeko ezibukhali yindawo eqinileyo yesicwangciso sokufuduka. Oku kugqitha nje ekucandeni imimandla enezikhukula okanye iintsina ezingqukuva; kufuna uhlolo olunamandla lwendlela izibonelelo zesakhiwo/iibrorho, iinkqubo zokuthutha, kunye nezikhuseli-zixhobo ezingaphakathi (ezizakwenza phantsi koxinzelelo.)

Ukuqhuba iNkxaso nokuHlolwa

Isebenzisa iinkqubo zolwazi lwejiyompatial (GIS) kunye nemodeli yengozi yasekuhlaleni, abacebi bangalalisa ubunzima babemi, izixhobo ezibalulekileyo (hospitals, izikolo, izikolo, izityalo zamandla) kunye neenkqubo zezithuthi. Umngcipheko kunye novukelo lwezikhukula ezinconywayo [RVA] uFLT] FEMA[FLT][FLT] [1] inceda ukunyusa ungeniso kwisakhiwo esiqinileyo kunye nokwazi ukuphawula amanqaku e-scicici. Umzekelo, emva kweNqamko i-Katria, iNew Orleans yaphinda kwakhona inkqubo yayo yemibhobho ekhoyo kunye neziva zomkhukula kucwangciso lwendlela. Izikhukula olufana nonxweme lweMian ngoku lusebenzisa ii-malvess ukufumanisa ukunyuka kwe-malveree.

Ukuzoba iMaphu ePhezulu-Risk Zowunika kunye noxinano lwabemi

Ukwahlula amacandelo achaphazeleka ngokukhethekileyo kwiingozi zendalo .⁠njengemidibaniso yemida yelanga yasendle yemililo etshayelwayo, imimandla engqukuva yonxweme ukwenzela iitsunami, okanye imimandla yokunyibilika kwemozulu yeplanga elihambayo ukuze kusetyenziswe iindlela zokufuduka.. Abacwangci kufuneka baphendule kubemi basebusuku kunye nemini; isithili soshishino sinokuba namawaka abasebenzi emini kodwa babe bambalwa abemi ebusuku, ngelixa amadlelo okuhlala ehamba nomlinganiselo ochasene nowo. Ukusebenzisa ugcino-data kunye nezixhobo zeselula zobalo-mfolos Angeles, izixeko ezifana neLosurnal evere zakha iimo zentengiso zabemi ezazisa izikhuseli zokuhlala kunye nezithulo ezihambayo.

Ukuvavanya uphando lwenethwekhi yezothutho

Iindlela zasedolophini kunye neebhulorho zisoloko ziluqhagamshelwano olubuthathaka kakhulu. Ukungaphumeleli kwebrorho enye inganqumla ummandla wonke. ISikongozelo seNational Semigangatho kunye nobuxhakaxhaka (I-NIST) incomela ukwenza uhlalutyo lwenethwekhi ukuchonga ii-node ezibukhali kunye nezivuthuzayo. Izixeko zikwavavanya amandla endlela zokuphepha ezinxulumene nemfuno yokuphuma elindele ukuba ungabhaqwa. Umzekelo, I-ASTISPP [ixP] `ISTRAP''] Ingxelo ngenkqubela ye-Housleyboy [[[[[FLTLTLT] [[FLT] ekhululekileyo] ive ive intathekile ngenxa yokuba imijeko yohambo ehambayo ayikhange ivuleke ngokwanele ngokwaneleyo ngokwaneleyo ngokwaneleyo. Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwezithutho lwembali lwembali loxinzelelo oluchasene nezo lwezo zezo zezo zoshishino-otho azizi zisetyenziswayo.

Ukuqhubekisa iinkqubo zonxibelelwano

Ngexesha lentlekele, ulwazi lunzima njengesithuthi. Ukungaphumeleli konxibelelwano kungakhokelela ekudidekeni, ukuthatha inyathelo elilibazisa, nokuphulukana nobomi. Inkqubo yonxibelelwano elungiselwe izinto ezininzi iqinisekisa ukuba imiyalezo ifikelela kubemi abahlukahlukeneyo kumacala amaninzi.

Inkqubo yokulumkisa uwonke-wonke nezilumkiso ezidityanisiweyo

Inkqubo ye-Emergency Emergencys (WEA) elawulwa yi-FEMA ne-FCC, ivumela abameli abagunyazisiweyo ukuba bathumele izilumkiso ezijoliswe kuzo ngokwemo yemo yelizwe ezifana nezombhalo kwizixhobo ezihambayo. Noko ke, izilumkiso kufuneka zicace, zisebenze, kwaye zibe mfutshane. Izixeko ezininzi zifake i-WEA ngemisebe yokubetha iimpepho ngaphandle, imiqondiso yomendo wemiboniso-manani, kunye nojongo lwezentlalo-mentlalo. Umzekelo, Ukufunda.gov zincomela ukuba abaphathi bomyalezo wexesha likaxakeka-omsitho basebenzise iinkonzo zomyalezo womsebenzi womsebenzi woluvo oluphezulu ukwenzela uhlazi oluphezulu.

Ukoyisa Ulwimi Nezithintelo Zokufikeleleka

Kubemi basedolophini abahlukeneyo, unxibelelwano lwesiNgesi kuphela lungashiya izijungqu ezinkulu zingenalwazi. Imiyalezo yokukhupha isandi imele iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezingundoqo ezithethwa ngabemi, kusetyenziswa iipictogram ezilula kunye nemifanekiso ebonakalayo. AmaMelika anengxaki yokungakhubazeki kuMthetho (ADA) afuna ukuba ulwazi lufikeleleke kubantu abanezokuva okanye abangakwazi ukubona kakuhle. Izenzo ziquka inkcazelo yexesha lokwenene yevidiyo ephathekayo, inkcazelo enesandi yeemaphu, kunye nokutyikitya okunesandi kwe-mephu emizini ehamba abantu abasebenzisa iiselula ezisuka kwindawo abathuthi abasuka kuyo.

Ukumisela Unxibelelwano Olunentsingiselo

Umyalelo ophakathi kunye nolawulo luyimfuneko, kodwa iinqaba zeseli kunye ne-Internet zamathambo eenqanawa zemfazwe zemfazwe zingasilela. Izixhobo zokusebenza ngekhompyutha zemesh `izixhobo zokudlulisela unomathotholo ezinamandla asezantsi' okanye kwanee-drone ezisekelwe kwi-drone-scerencesss/i-awunokugcina unxibelelwano lwasekuhlaleni. Uqeqesho lwabaphathi beebloko zobume benqanawa ukusebenzisa oonomathotholo abahamba ngendlela emibini lusenza ugcino-khuselo olunokusebenza ngokuzimele kwii-intanethi ze-intanethi. Ukuphendula kwentlekele eJapan kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwimigangatho yesithili “zincedisiqobo".

Iindlela zokuhamba ezizizo

Ukususa akusiso isisombululo esinye sobungakanani. Izicwangciso ezisebenzayo zisebenzisa iindlela ezininzi, zihlalisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zezithuthi, kwaye zilungelelanise neemeko zexesha lokwenene.

Iindlela zothutho kunye noLawulo loMkhuhlano

I-Contration − igubungela imilambo egqunyweyo ukwenzela iitrafiki ezigqunyiweyo .-inyuka ngamandla amandla ombane. Kodwa, ifuna ucwangciso olulunono: umqondiso ofanelekileyo, imida ekudibaneni, kunye nemithetho elandelwayo yezithuthi zezamayeza okanye zexesha likaxakeka ezifuna ukuhamba ngokuchasene nokuhamba. Izixeko ezifana noCharleston, uMzantsi Carolina, zinezicwangciso ezigunyazisiweyo zokuhamba konxweme lwenkanyamba kwaye zisoloko zivavanya iinkqubo zokulawula iinqwelo-trafiki, zisebenzisa iikhamera kunye nolawulo lwemiqondiso elungelelanisayo, zingabuyisela izithuthi ezikude kwindawo ezizelelekileyo okanye ezizaliswayo ngexesha lokwenene.

Ulwaleko: Ibhayisikile, Uloliwe, NeeFerres

Asinguye wonke umntu onemoto. Izicwangciso zokufuduka zaselunxwemeni mazifake uthutho lukawonke-wonke olungenazikhephe. Amasebe anika intlawulo ebhayisekile kunye nezitishi zikaloliwe angaguqula iindawo zokuthutha iinqwelo-mafutha ezihambayo zibe yinqwelo-mafutha ezihambayo ngokuphinda zicwangciswe. KwisiXeko saseNew York, ooduladula basetyenziswa ukuthutha abantu abasengozini ngexesha lezaqhwithela. Ii-Ferrageries zingaba netyala kwizixeko ezingaphambili; ebudeni benyikima yowangu-Rort-auPrince, ukunqongophala kwendlela zokufuduka ngexesha lokuhamba kwenqanawa.

Iindlela Ezinokufikeleleka Kubantu Abaneziphene

Iindlela zokukhupha mazidlule ngokoqobo kubantu abasebenzisa izitulo ezinamavili, iinqwelo-moya, okanye ezinye izinto eziluncedo zokuhamba. Iindlela ezisecaleni kufuneka zibe nezithintelo, izikhuseli kufuneka zibe yiADA-complium, kwaye izithuthi zezithuthi mazixhotyiswe ngephakamile. Ukongeza, ukungakwazi ukusebenza kufuneka kufumaneke indlela ecacileyo: imiqondiso ephezulu ekhankanyiweyo, imifanekiso engaguqukiyo, kunye nemiyalelo yamazwi. Iphepha lesiphene se-ADA linika isikhokelo sokucwangcisa okuququlukileyo, kuquka ukuseka “Inkxaso yeNkrweleko ye-EX" yoncedo.

Ukusebenzisa imodeli kunye nemfaniso ukukhusela iintamo zebhotile

Izixhobo ezisekelwe kwisalathisi zemodeli zivumela abacebi ukuba baxelise iimeko zokuphuma kwemoto ```iFLT''' ukuhamba kwabantu abahamba ngenqwelo-mafutha, ukushukuma kwenqwelo-mafutha, kunye nemfuno yokufihla ikhusi. Ezi mfaniso zingabonisa iincam ezingalindelekanga ezimxinwa, njengendlela engaphantsi elungele zonke iinyawo ngexesha longxamiseko lohambo oluphantsi komhlaba. Umzekelo, FPA] uphando lweFPA lusebenzise ukuhlala kwindawo ekucombululeni ibala lebala. Xa izixeko zivavanya lemiboniso yokwenene, zingalungisa indlela, ukubekwa kwemityikityo, kunye nemigangatho esebenzayo ukuphucula ukuhamba.

Ubungqina noqeqesho loLuntu

Isicwangciso sokufuduka sinamandla kuphela njengokuba abantu besenza. Ulungiso loluntu luguqula abemi abangasebenziyo babe ngamaqabane akhutheleyo.

Ukwakha Isithethe Sokulungiselela Ngeentsimbi

Uqeqesho oluqhelekileyo, olusengqiqweni oluquka onke amaqela abemi aqhelane nendlela, iindawo zokufihla intloko, kunye nokuziphatha okulindelekileyo. IGreat Shake Up, ukuqheliswa kwenyikima yaminyaka le ebandakanya izigidi zabathathi-nxaxheba, ibonisa indlela okuphindaphindwa ngayo ukuqhelisela okunciphisa iziganeko zamaxesha. Izixeko zingathabatha “ikhalenda embi kakhulu” enxulumene nezikolo, amashishini, kunye namaziko onqulo. Emva kokuqhelisa, ukukhupha izilwanyana kufuneka zifunde ziphinde zifumane izifundo zecebo lokuzilungisa.

Amaqela eempendulo zexesha likaxakeka loluntu (i-CERT)

Iinkqubo zeCERT ziqeqesha amatsha - ntliziyo kubuchule obusisiseko bokusabela kwintlekele, njengophando olulula noncedo, lokuqala, kunye nolawulo lwendlela. La maqela abasebenzi abanyanzelisa abaphendula ngobuchule. EHouston, Seadiy.gov CERT amatsha - ntliziyo asebenza njengabaququzeleli abakwingingqi ngexesha leSiphepho iHarvey, ukunceda abahlala khona bafikelele kwiindawo ezisithe xhathi. Ukumisa iiseli zeCERT kwisithili nganye kuqinisekisa ulwazi lwasekuhlaleni lo mmandla.

Ukunika Abamelwane Ubuchule

Ukukhuthaza abemi ukuba bakhe “amaqela alungele ummelwane” akha ikomkhulu lentlalo elinokutsalwa kwingxaki. La maqela anganceda abamelwane ababuthathaka ngaphambi kokuba bafumane inkxaso-lwazi. Njengemeko zempilo okanye abo bangenazo izithutho(* kwaye adale inkqubo yeMapu Yombindi Wobulali, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiphondo laseWashington, akhokela abamelwane ngentlanganiso elungelelanisiweyo ukuzoba nezixhobo (iingingqi, izixhobo zonyango) kunye nokuceba ukuphendula kwengingqi.

Ubuchule bokwenza ubuchule kunye nogcino-lwazi

Ucwangciso lokufuduka kwidolophu zanamhlanje lukhula kakhulu, lunezimvo zokwenene, ubukrelekrele obungeyoyamvelo kunye namawele amanani anika uluvo olungazange lubekho.

UHlahlo loLondolozo lweXesha lokwenene kunye noLawulo oluLungiselelayo

I-Internet yezinto (IoT) izivo zolwazi eziseblorhweni, ezindleleni nasemasangweni akhukulisekeyo zinika ugcino-lwazi oluqhubekayo kwisakhiwo kunye namanqanaba amanzi. Iibhodi ezikwimizi yongxamiseko zibonakalisa isantya esiphilayo senqwelo-moto, indawo yokuthutha, nendawo yokuhlala yezithuthi. IsiXeko sase-Austin sisebenzisa iqonga elidityanisiweyo logcino-lwazi elisebenzisa iikhamera zenqwelo-moya, i-radar, kunye nokuva kwezentlalo-ndaba kwizithuthi ezibaleka kude kwiziganeko.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Imodeli zokufunda iimatshini zingaxela kwangaphambili imfuneko yokuphuma ekwisiganeko, ixesha lemini, kunye nemizekelo yembali. Umzekelo, iSebe lomlilo waseLos Angeles lisebenzisa imodeli eqikelelwayo eqikelela ukuba bangaphi abantu abaza kuziphepha phantsi kweemeko ezinikiweyo, ukunceda ukunikezela ngoovimba bemali bokukhusela kunye nolawulo lwendlela. Abacwangci bangaqhuba “ntoni-ukuba" iimeko" zinokuwa? kuthekani ukuba ibhulorho iyawa?

Amawele amanani emfaniso yokuphuma

Ubugcisa bezandla ezibini zamanani budala ikopi yesona sixeko enokuvavanywa phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zentlekele. Igunya leLizwe laseSingapore belisenza isibini esifana nokuhamba kwabantu kunye nezithuthi, livumela abacebi ukuba babone indlela utshintsho kwiinkqubo zeendlela oluchaphazela ngayo amaxesha okufuduka. Oku kuvumela ukuba ukwenziwa kweplani ngaphandle kokuphazamisa iinqwelo-mafutha zokwenene.

Ukufuduka Kwezithuthi Zoluntu Neentswelo Ezikhethekileyo Zabemi

Nasiphina isicwangciso sokubaleka esingahoyi ukushukuma, amahlwempu, okanye abo bangenazo izithuthi zabucala asiphelelanga. Ukujolisa kula maqela kuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko olulinganayo.

Uluntu olubhalisweyo nolubonelela ngezothutho

Oomasipala bangagcina ingxelo yokuzithandela yabemi abaza kufuna uncedo lokufuduka ngexesha longxamiseko, aba bantu bayaqhagamshelana nabo baze bathathwe ziinqwelo-mafutha ezimiselweyo okanye iinkonzo zongxamiseko. Irejista kufuneka ihlaziywe ngonyaka kwaye iquke inkcazelo yokuqhagamshelana nomgcini-khaya. Izixeko ezifana neBoston zisebenzisa inkqubo “yoncedo noLonwabo” kubantu abalele ebhekileni okanye abaxhasa ubomi.

Ukusebenzisana neeNkonzo ze-ASC

Ukongeza uthutho lukawonke-wonke, ezinye izixeko zinezivumelwano ezisemthethweni neenkampani ezibambana nabakhweli ukulungiselela ukufuduka okungasetyenziswayo kwabakhulileyo okanye abantu abaneziphene. U-Uber unikele iinkonzo ezinjalo ngexesha lemililo yemfazwe eKhalifoniya. Iintlanganiso kufuneka zichaze amagama, iimfanelo, kunye nogcino-lwazi olunesabelo ukuqinisekisa ukudibana okungenamthungo kwimpendulo esemthethweni.

Ukurhoxiswa kweMigangatho yeZamayeza

Izibhedlele, amakhaya anyamekela abalupheleyo, kunye neentolongo zifuna iiplani ezikhethekileyo. Izigulana zisenokufuna ukuthunyelwa ngezigulana okanye ngoduladula wezamayeza, ziqinisekiswe ukuba ziyaqhubeka zinyanyekelwa. Ezi zicwangciso kufuneka zihlolwe minyaka le, kuquka nokusebenzisana nezixhobo zokwamkela. IKhomishini yoMbutho Womanyano kufuneka izibhedlele zibe neeplani zokuphepha ezibeka phambili izigulana ezichaphazelekayo.

Isicwangciso sokudityaniswa nokuchacha

Ukususwa kwenqanawa akupheli xa abantu beshiya indawo eyingozi. Ukulawula ukubuyela ekhaya nokuxhasa abahlali abafudukileyo kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yebhayisekile yokufuduka.

Ulawulo lwesher kunye nomkhosi

Izikhuseli zexeshana elifutshane kufuneka zifunyanwe ngokutya, amanzi, iintonga, kunye nezinto eziluncedo kwezonyango. Abacwangci mabaphawule iindawo ezininzi zokufihla intloko ezisasazwe kwisixeko jikelele ukunqanda ukudlula kwisixeko. Ukongeza, iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokunyamekela isilwanyana, izinto eziguqulelweyo, kunye nenkxaso yempilo yengqondo kufuneka zikhona. IZiko leMpathiso ebomvu inika imigaqo yemisebenzi yokuzifihla nokuqeqesha ngokuzithandela.

Ukubuyiselwa kwakhona kwenkqubo kunye nokubuya kwe-Pesed

Emva kokudlula kwesongelo, abahlali bafuna imiyalelo ecacileyo xa kufuneka babuye. Ukubuyiselwa kusoloko kwenzeka kwicandelo: okokuqala abaphendulayo nabasebenzi bezengqameko, kwangoko abahlali bemimandla ababechaphazeleke kancinci, kwaye ekugqibeleni abasuka kumacandelo omonakalo omkhulu. Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kucwangcisa iincopho ukuqinisekisa iisiqinisekiso kunye nokuvavanya ukhuseleko. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zokubuyela kuluntu ziquka ukuphanga, ukuminxwa kwezithuthi, kunye nenkcazelo ephosakeleyo, zonke ezinokuthi zincitshiswe ngokucwangcisa kusengaphambili.

Ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi kunye nenkqubela-phambili eqhubekayo

Uhlolo lwasemva kohambo, ukusetyenziswa kwekhusi, ukusebenza konxibelelwano, kunye neengxelo zeziganeko. Le nkcazelo ikhokelela kumjikelo wocwangciso olulandelayo. Izixeko ezininzi ziqhuba “emva kwentsebenziswano” eziye zabelana ekuhleni ukwakha ukuthembana nokukhuthaza ukuthatyathwa-nxaxheba. Umzekelo, emva komlilo wesiKhalifoniya ka-2019, uSanta Clara County wasebenzisa iGPS esuka kwiminxela ukuhlalutya indlela ehamba ngayo imimandla yase-Afreat , nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni kwenziwe kakuhle kwezixhobo zommandla.

Isiphelo

Ukuphucula izicwangciso zokufuduka ezisedolophini zifuna okungaphezulu kuneemaphu ezithe ngqo kunye nemiyalelo efanayo. Ifuna inkqubo ephilayo edibanisa uhlolo lomngcipheko onobuchule, isixokelelwano sonxibelelwano olunamandla, ukwenziwa kwezothutho, ukudityaniswa okunzulu koluntu kunye nokusikwa kwe-edgete-technoloji. Oku kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zabemi abangakhuselekanga. Ngokukhangela ngaphaya kombutho wokufuduka ngokukhawuleza ukuquka ukulungiswa kwangaphambi kovavanyo kunye nokuchatshazelwa kwasemva, izixeko zingenza iingcebiso elicacileyo elisindisa ubomi zize zakheke ixesha elide. Icebo eliphumelelayo liya kuba zezi zinto ziphinda zivavanywe, zicocwe, zize zilungele ukutshintsha kobugrobhabhabha obuqhubekayo bemeko-dolophu.