Isizathu Sokuba Unyango Lwasekuhlaleni Luthabathe Inyathelo Elibalulekileyo Kunanini na Ngaphambili

Iinkqubo zempilo ezisekelwe kuluntu ziye zasuka ekubeni yi-fauth à quto high style short yempilo karhulumente. Ngokungafaniyo nemigaqo-nkqubo yorhulumente okanye karhulumente ephezulu, amanyathelo okunyamekela impilo yasekuhlaleni enzelwe ukuphendula amanani angaqhelekanga, izithethe, kunye neemeko-mali zengingqi ezithile. Zidibana nabantu apho bahlala khona, basebenza khona, kwaye badlale, kanye kungenxa yokuba baphumelela ekuphuculeni iziphumo. Nokuba yidolophu yasemakhaya engenaso isibhedlele esiphakathi kweekhilomitha ezingama-50 okanye ingingqi ejongene nemigangatho ephezulu ye-asmasmasty, amanyathelo okuthatha inyathelo okudlulisela inkathalo efike ngexesha, efanelekile, kwaye efikelelekayo.

IZiko loLawulo lweDayibhile (CDC) lithe kwakudala laqonda ukuba ungenelelo lomgangatho wentlalo lunganciphisa umahluko wempilo ngama-40 ekhulwini xa luphunyezwa kakuhle. Ngokuqwalasela ukuthintelwa, imfundo, kunye nentsebenziswano, ezi nkqubo zilawula iingcambu zeziphumo zesifo kunokuba zibe ziimpawu nje. Zinika abemi amandla okulawula i-patroli yabo, nto leyo ebangela utshintsho oluhlala luhleli kwaye inciphisa umthwalo kumagumbi ongxamiseko kunye neendawo zokunyamekela ii-carbon.

Imigaqo Yekhori Exhasa Iinkqubo Zempilo Ephumelelayo Zoluntu

Ukuqonda le migaqo ingundoqo kubalulekile kuye nabani na obandakanyekileyo ekucebeni, ekuxhaseni okanye ekukhuthazeni iinkqubo ezinjalo.

Ubandakanyeko loLuntu njengolungenakuthintelwa

Iinkqubo ezenziwe ngaphandle kolwazi oluvela kubantu abasebenza kubo zidla ngokuphoswa luphawu. Ukuganana kokwenene kuthetha ukuba neentlanganiso zeholo yedolophu, ukuqhuba uhlolisiso ngeelwimi ezininzi, kunye nokunxulumana nenkokeli zasekuhlaleni ezithembekileyo ezifana nabefundisi, iintloko zesikolo, kunye neentloko zengingqi. Xa amalungu oluntu enceda ekulungiseni inyathelo lokuqala, basengozini kakhulu ukusebenzisa iinkonzo zabo kwaye bakhuthaza abanye ukuba benze oko. Umzekelo, inkqubo yokuthintela isifo seswekile eMzantsi Texas yabona ukwanda kwama-60 ekhulwini ekungeneleleni kwabo emva kokuba oomakhulu basekuhlaleni beqeshiwe bocwangciso.

Ulwandiso lwamahlelo

Akukho mbutho unye unokuzicombulula iingxaki zempilo ezintsonkothileyo kuphela. Amaziko onyango lwempilo kawonke-wonke, izikolo, abaqeshi, amaqela asekelwe elukholweni, kwanamagosa ezothutho. Ikliniki ehambayo esebenza kwindawo encinane efunyenweyo iya kuphumelela kuphela ukuba inxibelelana neecawa zasekuhlaleni zendawo yokupaka imoto, isixeko ukwenzela imvume, kunye nebhanki yokutya kwizinto ezinika inkxaso kwi-663 zokondleko. I-Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Culture of Healthsalselbung igxininisa into yokuba ukudibana komsebenzi wempilo elungelelanisiweyo.

Ukwenza Isigqibo Esingxamisekileyo

Umsebenzi owenziwe ngokutsha awunandawo kwimpilo-ntle yale mihla. Iindlela ezisebenzayo zoluntu ziqokelela kwaye zihlalutya ulwazi lokuchonga iingxelo zempilo eziphambili, iziphumo zenkqubo yogcino-lwazi, kunye nohlengahlengiso lwendlela yokukhangela iziphumo zobugcisa ngexesha lokwenene. Uphando lwempilo oludibanisa iingxelo zempilo ye-elektroniki, ugcino-lwazi, kunye neziphumo zophando lwasekuhlaleni zingabonisa ukuba yiyiphi ikhowudi yezip enemilinganiselo ephezulu kakhulu yoxinzelelo olungalawulekiyo.

Ukufikeleleka nokufikeleleka

Kwanenkqubo engcono ecwangcisiweyo ayinamsebenzi ukuba abantu abakwazi ukufikelela kuyo okanye bangayihlawuleli. Amanyathelo aphumelelayo aphelisa imiqobo ngokunikela iimali zemali ze-scanbes, iingokuhlwa neeyure zempelaveki, iinkonzo zoguqulelo, kunye neendawo ezikufuphi nothutho lukawonke-wonke. Abaninzi badibanisa ukhetho lwetelejithathi kutyelelo olulandelayo lwe-25%, ukunciphisa imfuneko yokuhamba nokuyeka ukusebenza. Uphando olupapashiweyo kwi- I-Health Affars lufumanise ukuba amaziko oluntu afumana ukuba amaziko oluntu afumana unyuko oluzinzileyo lweeyure ezingama-25 ekhulwini kutyelelo lweziko olungxamisekileyo phakathi kwabaguli abanezi meko ezinganyangekiyo.

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene yeeNkcukacha eziBalulekileyo zoNyaka zasekuhlaleni

KwiUnited States, iinkqubo ezininzi ziye zabonisa ukuba ukuthabatha inyathelo elisengqiqweni kwindawo ethile kunokuyiphucula ngokuphawulekayo imiphumo yempilo.

IiTliniki Zempilo Ezihambayo Emakhaya Asemaphandleni

I-Montana ijongene nenkcaso enzima ekhoyo. I-Big Sky Sky Health Project ithumela iiveni ezimbini ezixhotyiswe ngokupheleleyo ezijikeleza kwiidolophu ezincinane ezili-15. Iveni nganye ithwala ugqirha ongumhlengikazi, umsebenzi wezonyango, kunye nezixhobo ze-telemedicine. Zinikela uhlolo lokuthintela, ulawulo lwezifo ezingapheliyo, kunye nokucebisa ngengqondo. Ngonyaka wayo wokuqala, iprojekthi inciphisa umlinganiselo wokungena ezibhedleleni ezinokuthinteleka nge-18 ekhulwini kwimimandla enenxaxheba. Impumelelo yocwangciso ikhuthaza ukwanda kweWyoming kunye neNorth Dakota.

ISebe lezeMpilo loLuntu (CHWs) eUrban Chicago

INtshona Chicago iSide isekhaya kwinani eliphezulu lokufumana izibhedlele zesifo soxinzelelo lomoya kwilizwe. INtshona Koloni iSibhexeshi se-Asthma honentiship iqeqesha abemi basekuhlaleni ukuba babe ngabakwi-CHWs eqinisekisiweyo abatyelela amakhaya baze bafundise iintsapho indlela yokunciphisa iziphumo ezifana nokungunda, umsi wothuli, nomsi osusiweyo. I-CHWs ikwanceda iintsapho zifaka isicelo se-inshorensi, ukulungiselela ucwangciso logqirha, nokufumana i-purifrif. Emva kweminyaka emibini, uhafum-asskhane noxandulo olunxulumene nongxamiseko lweentsapho ezibhaliswe kwiintsapho. Ngoku iziko zesizwe zempilo zisebenzisa le nkqubo njengovavanyo kubaphathi bezifo ezingapheli.

Iinkqubo Zokuhomba Kuluntu Olunokholo LwaseMzantsi Carolina

Isebenzisana ne-Medical University of South Carolina, uthungelwano lweecawa ezingaphezu kwama-200 lundulule inyathelo elisekelwe kukholo oludibanisa iiklasi ezizondlobongela, amaqela ahambayo, kunye novavanyo loxinzelelo lwegazi. Le nkqubo ixoxwe ngokwesithethe, kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa ezisetyenziswayo, kunye neenkqubo zokuziqhelanisa ezisetyenziswa kwiMazantsi kunye neentlanganiso zokuzilolonga ezihlalisa abantu abadala. Abathathi-nxaxheba babona unciphiso lwegazi lwe-miltholics ye-8hg ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu, kwaye inkqubo iye yaqwalaselwa yiAmerican Heart Association njengemodelo yemin ehamba abantu abadala abaseAfrika.

Ucelomngeni Oluqhubekayo Olusongela Ithuba Elide

Kwanezona zinto zintle zasekuhlaleni zidibana nemiqobo enokuphazamisa imigudu yazo.

Ukungaphumeleli

Iinkqubo ezininzi zezempilo zoluntu zisebenza kwizivumelwano zorhulumente ezifutshane okanye unyaka owenziwe ngezivumelwano zorhulumente. Xa imijikelo yenkxaso-mali iphela ngesiquphe, abasebenzi bayasuswa, iinkonzo ziyaphela, kwaye ukuthembana kuyaphela. Umzekelo, ikliniki yenqwelo-mafutha ephumelelayo esemaphandleni eKentucky yanyanzeleka ukuba ivalwe emva kokuba imvume karhulumente eqeshiweyo yeminyaka emithathu ingavuselelwanga, ishiya amawaka abantwana bengenayo indawo yokuzikhusela. Iimodeli zemali ezixhaswayo zidla ngokufuna ingeniso eninzi kakhulu — ukudibanisa iminikelo kawonke, iminikelo yobuqu, ukuhlawula iinshorensi, nokufumana ingeniso kwiinkonzo.

Ukuqwalaselwa okusezantsi

Kuqhelekile ukuba kubekho umgangatho wempilo ekhululekileyo okanye isitofu sokutsala intwana yesihlwele esilindelekileyo. Abahlali basenokuba abayazi inkonzo, abangazithembiyo iinjongo zayo, okanye baxakeke kakhulu ukuba baye. Ukuloyisa olu celomngeni kubandakanya ukufikelela ngaphandle okunobuchule: ucango lwengcango lwengcango, unxulumano noondaba-ndaba basekuhlaleni, izibhengezo kwiziganeko zoluntu, kunye nemiyalezo edluliselwa ngamazwi athenjiweyo. Kubemi basemzini, incoko ephakathi kwenqanawa nezoomatiloshe bezempilo abakwimi-ilwimi-5-5 idla ngokuvelisa inxaxheba kakhulu kunezorhwebo ze-ohavingx okanye izibhengezo zemidiya.

Ubunzima bomsebenzi

I-United States ijongene nokunqongophala kweengcali zezonyango, ingakumbi kwimpilo ephambili. Iindawo ezisemaphandleni nezingaphakathi zoshishino zichaphazeleka kakhulu. Inyathelo lasekuhlaleni lisoloko lixhomekeke kwinxalenye yecala okanye kwimisebenzi yamatsha - ntliziyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekudibaneni komgangatho wenkonzo nokudinwa. Ezinye iinkqubo ziye zasabela ngokuqeqesha abantu abaqhelekileyo njengabaqeqeshi bezempilo, ama-doula, kunye neengcali zenkxaso yoontanga, zivumela iingcali ukuba zinike ingqalelo kwiimeko ezintlukwano. Abanye basebenzisa iteleheath ukudibanisa izigulane noogqirha abangamakhulukhulu eekhilomitha.

Izithintelo Zenkcubeko Nezolwimi

Imiyalezo yempilo neenkonzo ezizibetha ngoyaba iinkolelo zesithethe okanye iilwimi ezingafaniyo azinakuphumelela. Ngokomzekelo, inkqubo yemfundo yesifo seswekile ethatha bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ekutyeni ukutya okusemgangathweni kweNtshona Koloni iya kusilela kuluntu apho ukutya okungokwesithethe kungundoqo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Amanyathelo asebenzayo asebenza ngokuguqulela, aqesha abasebenzi ababonakalisa iinguqu zengingqi, kunye nezixhobo zokusebenzisa amasiko asekuhlaleni. Imigangatho yeSiko leNkcubeko ne-Linguligitalog Sulution Servity Services (CAS) iyasisasebenza kakuhle ekwenzeni lo msebenzi.

Imikhwa Ekhulayo Eza Kulawula Iminyaka Elishumi Elandelayo Yezempilo Yoluntu

Ubuchule bokusebenza kwempilo yasekuhlaleni buqhubekeka ngokukhawuleza. Iinkqubo ezintsha, ukutshintsha kwamanani abantu, kunye nezifundo ezifumaneka kwisifo se-COVID 16)19 zintsha. Ukuqonda ezi meko kunceda abantu balungiselele ikamva.

I-Telehealth kunye noHlomelo oluKude

Inkathalo yokwenene yaqhushumbo ngexesha lobhubhani kwaye iye yahlala ingunobangela osisigxina, ingakumbi ukwenzela ukulawula iimeko ezinganyanzelekanga. Iinyathelo zophando zasekuhlaleni ngoku zisebenzisa ii-cfs zoxinzelelo lwegazi lwasekhaya, ii-glucofeter, kunye nee-oximeters zentliziyo ezidlulisela ngqo ugcino-lwazi kumongikazi okanye kumsebenzi wezempilo. Oku kuvumela ii-evinithi ezisoloko zihamba ngaphandle kokufuna ukukhenketha. Inkqubo yasemaphandleni eAlabama namacingo eveki-veki asuka kumqhubi wezonyango lwempilo yabona ukuphucula ulawulo lweswekile phakathi kwabaguli abanodidi 2 lwesifo seswekile kunyaka omnye.

Iingcebiso ezithelekelelwayo kunye neMidlalo yoLuntu

Abaququzeleli bogcino-lwazi ngoku bavumela amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni ajonge ukuqhambuka kwezifo, athelekise abantu ngeemfuno ezingalawulekiyo, kunye noovimba bokwabelana ngempumelelo. Umzekelo, iSebe lephondo leLos Angeles lisebenzisa ibhodi yexesha eliyi-2001 echaza ukungakhuseleki kokutya, ukungalungelelani kwezindlu, kunye nenani lezifo ezingapheliyo ngephecana. Xa iliza lobushushu lihlasela ngo-2022, ibhodi yobushushu yanceda amaqela axhoba ukuphola kunye nokuxilonga kwezona ziqobo zisengozini.

Ukomeleza umanyano lwamaqabane kawonke-wonke

Abaqeshi abakhulu, iinkampani ze-inshorensi, kunye neenkampani zobugcisa bafaka utyando olungakumbi kwimpilo yoluntu njengenxalenye yembopheleleko yabo yezentlalo-ntle kunye namaqhinga ezempilo kawonke-wonke. EColumbus, Ohio, umbutho weNationaluniverdale Children’s Hospital, isebe lezempilo lasekuhlaleni, kunye ne-inshorensirrr eninzi yaxhasa inkqubo “yezezezendlu entle” enika isibambiso-asibe-asmaprotea kunye nokulungisa amakhaya iintsapho ezifumana imali encinane. Ukubuya korhwebo kwangekuphela nje kweminye yezibhedlele kodwa kwanokuncitshiswa kokungekho kwemisebenzi yasekuhlaleni.

Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kunye nokunikezelwa kweenkqubo zobunzululwazi

Kukho ukuqashelwa okukhulayo kokuba impilo ibunjwe ngaphezu kwendlela yokufumana ingqeqesho yezamayeza. Amava abuhlungu obuntwana, ukungaqiniseki kwezindlu, ukunganqabiseki kokudla, kunye nokuchanabeka kugonyamelo konke kunegalelo kwiziphumo zempilo ezingalunganga. Amanyathelo asekuhlaleni aqalisa ukwamkela ilens engxwelerhekayo ekwaziweyo, abaqeshi bokuphawula iimpawu zengozi nokusabela ngovelwano kunokuba bagwebe. Ezinye iinkqubo ngoku zinikela uncedo olusemthethweni oluzii-65, ukukhuthaza, okanye ukuncedisa ngeendleko eziluncedo ecaleni kwenkonzo yezamayeza. Umzekelo obizwa ngokuba “ngunobunzima kunye nokusebenzisananisa okusesikweni.”

Indlela Yokuqala Ukunyamekela Unyango Lwasekuhlaleni

Kwiinkokeli zasekuhlaleni, abasemagunyeni, okanye abemi abaxhalabileyo abafuna ukusungula okanye ukuvuselela inkqubo ethile, kukho amanyathelo acacileyo abangela ukuba impumelelo iphumelele.

  • Ikhonkethi yempilo yoluntu ifuna uhlolo. Isebe lezeyunivesithi okanye isebe lempilo lasekuhlaleni ukuqokelela ugcino-lwazi ngezona zinto zicinezelayo. Sebenzisa uphando, amaqela agxininisayo, kunye namanani akhoyo.
  • ukulinganisa nokufumana amaqabane kwangoko. fikelela kwizibhedlele, kwiikliniki, kwizikolo, kumaqela okholo, angenangeniso, kunye norhulumente wasekuhlaleni.
  • tyikitya inkqubo kunye noluntu, hayi ngenxa yayo. Igcina indawo apho abemi bakhona bachaza izinto eziza kuqala kwaye banceda ekulungiseni izisombululo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhokelo lubandakanya abantu abajoliswe kubo.
  • Seketha inkxaso ehlukeneyo, eninzi yeminyaka. Faka kwimali yemali karhulumente (umz., HRSA, CDC), funa inkxaso yesiseko, kwaye uhlolo kwiMedicaid kunye nee-inshorensi zabucala ukwenzela iinkonzo zokukhusela.
  • [[FLT: 0] IsiKhuselo kunye nabasebenzi abaxhasayo. i-Myuselo kwinkqubela-phambili yezobugcisa yabasebenzi bempilo yoluntu, abaququzeleli boqhagamshelwano, kunye nabasebenzi bekliniki. Phumelelani intlawulo yokhuphiswano ukunciphisa ukujika.
  • [[NTLA: 0] Ukufumana inkxaso kunye nempembelelo yonxibelelwano. Isitshixo sokukhangela esinjengemilingo efundeka esibhedlele, ulwaneliseko lomguli, kunye nexabiso lemali egciniweyo. Kwabelana ngamabali empumelelo namasebe emali kunye noluntu ukuze wakhe uqhubeko.
  • Icebo lokuzinzisa kusuku olunye. icebo lokubuyisa imbuyiselo, ukuvelisa imisinga yengeniso ehlawulwayo, nokuhlakulela isiseko sokuzithandela esinamandla ukuze inkqubo ikwazi ukuxhasa imozulu.

Umba Obalulekileyo: Impilo Yasekuhlaleni Yishishini Lomntu Wonke

Amanyathelo okunyamekela impilo angaphezulu kakhulu kunento ekhuselayo — ayi-injini yokukhusela, yokulingana nokuzinzisa. Xa uluntu ludibana ukuze lucombulule iingxaki zalo zempilo, iingenelo eziphuma ngaphandle: utyelelo olungxamisekileyo, iindleko zonyango eziphantsi, abasebenzi abasebenza ngokunemveliso, kunye namaqhina oluntu anamandla. Iinkqubo ezingcono azimiselwanga zisuka phezulu kodwa zikhuliswe ngaphakathi, zibunjwe ngabo bakhonza kubo.

Njengoko inkqubo yonyango iqhubeka itshintshela kwixabiso lokunyamekela impilo [1] eliphantsi kunye nolawulo lwezempilo, ukuveliswa kwemiba yezonyango kulumkile kwaye kuyimfuneko. Oorhulumente bomanyano noorhulumente, iziseko ezizimeleyo, kunye neenkqubo zempilo zonke zinendima ekufuneka ziyifezile ekunikezeleni ubuncwane nasekususeni imiqobo. Kodwa umsebenzi wokwenyaniso — ulwalamano, ukuthembana, ukunyanyekelwa kwemini yomhla — kuyenzeka emhlabeni, kwimimandla nakwimimandla needolophu apho abantu bahlala khona. Ngokuxhasa le migudu, sidala ikamva elisempilweni, elithe ngqiqweleneyo, elilungele ukufezeka kwabo bonke abantu.

Inkcazelo engakumbi ngoqheliso olungcono, iNational Association of Community Health Centers inika izikhokelo ezidityanisiweyo ekuqaliseni iinkqubo ezisekelwe kuluntu. ICDC’s [ Commony Health Programme Navigator [[FLT:]] inikezela ngezixhobo zokucwangcisa nokuhlola. Ngaphezu koko, i-Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ifaka uphando ku [ ukwandisa impucuko yempilo kulwando lwasekuhlaleni.[FLT]