Ukwazisa

Kukuchazwa kwengxelo yempilo yezamayeza neyezempilo yengqondo kusoloko kusebenza njengobungqina obubalulekileyo . nokuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba kuphi na ukuchanabeka komntu, ukumisela indlela yokuziphatha okubi, okanye ukuvavanya ukukhuphisana kweqela elithile. Kodwa ezi ngxelo ziphakathi kwamaphepha achukumis' anzima kwinkqubo yethu engokomthetho. Ukhuseleko lwezobuqu oluzingqongileyo alunazo nje kuphela iiprojekthi ezintle; zibekwe kumalungelo omgaqo-siseko, imimiselo yorhulumente, kunye nemithetho karhulumente. Ukuqonda xa kufuneka isiqinisekiso siqulathelwe (/ii-ligiglates, kunye nezibonelelo zempilo. Eli nqaku linwebela kwiimfuno ezingundoqo zokufikelela kwiingxelo zezonyango, iingxelo zempilo zoluntu, linikela ukulungele ukulingana kwemithetho engqineke i-o-oancel elungele ukugcinwa yi-aas.

Ukusetyenziswa Kwasemthethweni Kweemfuno Ezisihlaseleyo

Imfuneko efunekayo yeengxelo zempilo yezamayeza neyengqondo ayikho kungabikho nto ikhoyo. Ivela ekudibaneniseni komGaqo-siseko, imithetho, nemigaqo yomthetho.

Umgaqo - siseko Wesine Wokulungiswa

UHlomelo lwesine loMgaqo-siseko wase-U.S. lukhusela abantu ekuphandweni okungekho ngqiqweni nasekuxhwalekeni. Ngoxa ukulungisa ekuqaleni kubhekiswe kubadlali bakarhulumente, ukukhusela kwabo kudlulela kumthetho, kwezinye iimeko, ekufumaneni urhulumente xa kubandakanyeke. IiNkundla ziye zasoloko zikholelwa ukuba umntu ulindele ukuba afumane imfihlo esemthethweni kwiingxelo zezamayeza. Ngoko, nabani na onyanzelwa ngurhulumente ./okanye neqela elisebenza phantsi kwegunya lenkundla, limele lihlangabezane nomgangatho weSihlanu wolwanolwazelelelo. Lo mgaqo usoloko ufuna isiqinisekiso esixhaswa yisizathu esilindelekileyo kunye nenkcazelo ethile yeengxelo ezifunwayo. Kwanakwimeko yasekuhlaleni apho iqela loluntu lifuna iingxelo ngoomatshini okanye ukufunyanwa, lomgaqo-mthetho-siseko usebenza ukuba iirekhodi zigcinwe liquluvo lwesithathu (njengesibhedlele) yaye ungazivumi.

IHIPAA nemithetho yemfihlo yeFederal

I-Inishorensi yoBungameli bezempilo ne-Accounting Act (HIPAA) imisela uMthetho weSigunyaziso soburhulumente ukuze ukhusele ngamnye ulwazi lwempilo olubonakalayo. Phantsi kwe-HIPAA, izinto ezigqunywe (abanikezi bomsebenzi wonyango, izicwangciso zempilo, kunye nezibonelelo zokucoca) zisenokungatyhili ulwazi lwempilo olukhuselekileyo (PHI) ngaphandle kogunyaziso olusemthethweni. Olunye olusemthethweni lululo myalelo wenkundla okanye imvume ekwayalezeyo. Umbini, i-HIPAA yahlula phakathi komthopoena, umgaqo wenkundla, kunye nesiqinisekiso. Isiqinisekiso (ngokufunyaniswe ngumgwebi oboniswe kwisizathu esilindelekileyo) siyanelisa iimfuno ze-HIPA ukuze zityhilwe ngaphandle kogunyazo zomgunyazo.

Umahluko Womthetho KaRhulumente

Imithetho yezonyango isenokumisela imigaqo yezonyango engqongqo kunemithetho karhulumente. Amaphondo amaninzi anemimiselo yawo yezonyango, imithetho yezonyango yengqondo (ngokufuthi ikhuselwa ngokugqithisileyo kwiingcaphephe zengqondo), kunye neenkqubo ezithile ezingqalileyo zokugunyazisa. Umzekelo, amanye amatyala afuna ukuba isiqinisekiso sengxelo yempilo yengqondo sihlolisiswe ngumgwebi onoqeqesho olukhethekileyo okanye ukuba umguli afumane isaziso sakhe ngaphambili ngaphandle kokuba inkundla ifumana unobangela olungileyo wokulibaziseka. Ngoko ke umgangatho wemeko enyanisweni yabemi kufuneka ajonge isiseko sorhulumente kunye nemithetho esebenzayo. Ukuqonda i-interlinegingxubus phakathi kwe-HIPAA nomthetho kubaluleke kakhulu; i-HIPAA i-preadress ichaza imithetho enikela ukhuseleko oluncinane, ngoko ke umgangatho okhusela ngakumbi uya kulawula.

Kunini Xa Kufuneka Imfazwe Yamakhaya?

Ingcamango ephosakeleyo eqhelekileyo yeyokuba imvume ifuneka kuphela kuphando lolwaphulo-mthetho. Enyanisweni, ukuthethwa kwetyala kusoloko kubandakanya izicelo zezamayeza nezempilo yengqondo ezisenokufuna isiqinisekiso, ingakumbi xa iingxelo zigcinwe ngumntu wesithathu kwaye umguli engazifaki mbambano ngokuzithandela.

Jikelele

Kufuneka imvume xa umceli efuna ukufumana iingxelo zempilo yengqondo okanye yezonyango ngokunyanzelwa, ngaphandle komonde, kwaye apho iingxelo zingakangeni kwinkundla esemthethweni. Oku kusoloko kuvela kwiimpikiswano zokufumanisa. Umzekelo, ukuba ummangali-mali kwityala lomntu angavumi ukukhulula iingxelo zakhe zengqondo ezikhoyo ngaphambili, ummangalelwa usenokufuna ukufumana umyalelo wenkundla. Kodwa umgaqo wenkundla awufani nesiqinisekiso. Iinkundla ezininzi ziphatha isiqinisekiso njengomda ocacileyo ocacileyo, "omnye ofuna ukuba sizathu esilindelekileyo, hayi nje esisebenzayo. Kwimeko yamakhaya, ungayi kumangalelwa “imvume ephambili" okanye“ i-judiacpoaaat sy, kodwa umele asebenze ngendlela efanayo, kodwa i-HPA' i-A'irbugnorencerrear "ngengomthetho ocacileyo okanye ulungelenenomthetho osemthethweni osemthethweni ongomthetho ongowahlukeneyo"

Isivumelwano se-Exchange/Isivumelwano esisemthethweni/iSikhundla esipheleleyo

Xa iqela libeka imeko yalo yezonyango ngokufaka ityala (umz., elifuna ukucinezelwa ngokweemvakalelo), lisenokuthathwa njengeliye lalirhoxisa ngokupheleleyo ilungelo elifanelekileyo lesigulana esisisigulana. Noko ke, i-raiser ayikuphelisi ngokuzenzekelayo imfuneko yemvume okanye umyalelo wenkundla osebenzayo. Iingxelo zihlala zikhona kwi-PHI, kwaye ezi zigqunywe zingenakukwazi ukuzinikela. Iqela elicelayo limele lifumane ilungelo elifanelekileyo elisemthethweni elisisigulana ngokomthetho elifikelela kwimo senkundla. Ukuba umyalelo wenkundla usekelwe kumthetho osemthethweni kuphela kodwa ungayi kuba ubangela, awunakwanelisa imfuneko epheleleyo kodwa ingasanelisa phantsi kwe-HIPA ukuba iyafuneka (unyaka.

Iindawo Ezinokupheliswa Kuyo Imfuneko Efanelekileyo

  • [[FLT: 0] Isivumelwano sobuzwe: A isiqinisekiso esityikitywe se-HIPAA- promplication singegqitha imfuneko yemvume ngokupheleleyo. Le yindlela eqhelekileyo kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni apho umguli avuma ngokuzithandela ukukhululwa kweerekhodi.
  • Iimeko zobuqhetseba: Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, inkundla ingagunyazisa ukutyhilwa ngaphandle kokuchongwa kwangaphambili ukuba unikezelo olukhawulezileyo luyafuneka ukuthintela umonakalo okanye ugcino lobungqina. Kwangoko, isiqinisekiso okanye ucwangco olusebenzayo luyafuneka.
  • Uhlolo oluneengxelo eziqhutywayo: Xa inkundla iyalela uvavanyo lwempilo yengqondo phantsi koMthetho wama-35 wemithetho yeCandelo loMsebenzi (okanye urhulumente olinganayo), ingxelo ephumeleyo isenokuveliswa ngqo enkundleni, ngokufuthi ngaphandle kwemfuneko yemvume eyahlukeneyo. Umyalelo wokuhlola ngokwawo unika igunya elisemthethweni.
  • [[NTL: 0] Izicelo zogcino-lwazi ezidityanisiweyo: Amanye amazwana avumela iqela ukuba lifumane ugcino-lwazi lwempilo olulinganiselweyo, oluchaziwe okanye olucacisiweyo lwenjongo zophando okanye lwempilo kawonke-wonke ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso, kodwa olunqabileyo ukufikelela kwiimfuno zoluvo lwamakhaya.

Iimfuneko Zokufumana Umxhasi Ofanelekileyo

Xa imvume iyimfuneko, kufuneka yanelise imigangatho emininzi esemthethweni. Ukusilela ukuhlangabezana nayiphi na kwezi mfuneko kungaphumela ekucinezelweni kweerekhodi, imvume, okanye kwanetyala lokutyhilwa okungekho mthethweni.

Unobangela Ofanelekileyo

Unobangela ocacileyo kumongo weengxelo zezamayeza awuthethi ukuba iingxelo zesifo seswekile azinakusetyenziswa. Endaweni yoko, kufuneka kuboniswe ukuba kukho inkolelo esengqiqweni yokuba iingxelo zinokuba nenkcazelo yobungqina kwimbambano ecacileyo kwimeko. Umzekelo, kwisuti engalawulekiyo, umntu ofuna iingxelo zesifo seswekile ezikhoyo ngaphambi kokuba sisebenze. Iingxelo ezininzi zesifo seswekile kufuneka zibonise uqhagamshelwano olusengqiqweni phakathi kwezo ngxelo kunye nomonakalo oxeliweyo. Ukungaqiniseki siseko sobukhonziswano alwanele. Umgangatho olindelekileyo uphakamele kwimeko echaphazelekayo okanye ukhokelele kwi-mgangatho oluqhelekileyo lolwazi oluqhelekileyo. Iinkundla ezininzi zimele zibonise ukuvumelana nomthetho oqhelekileyo wophando lwezaphuli-mthetho: ukuchanandalal'umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho kufuneka zinikele iziphelo nje.

Ubeko ngokuchanekileyo (Ukwahlula)

Isiqinisekiso kufuneka sichaze iirekhodi ezifunwayo ngokuziinyani. Izicelo ezifana ne- “zonke iirekhodi zezamayeza” ziza kulahlwa okanye zilinganiselwe. Isiqinisekiso kufuneka sikhankanye:
- uphawu lomguli [
- Umxhasi wezonyango okanye umgcini-zibonelelo weerekhodi[
- Iintlobo zeerekhodi (umz., iingxelo zempilo, iingxelo zenkcubeko, iingxelo zezamayeza, iziphumo zerelabhuli)
- Uludwe lomhla (umz., ukususela ngoJanuwari 1, 2018 ukuya kuDisemba 31, 20222)[FL:] - Imeko ethile okanye unyango lwembali olunxulumene nomzekelo
olukhethekileyo olu luhlu oluzinzileyo noluvavanisa ulwazi oluneyo oluneyo oluneyo.

Ukuxhasa iAffidavit

Phantse yonke isiqinisekiso sifuna i-affidavit efunwe kwiqela elicelayo okanye igqwetha labo. I-affidavit kufuneka:
- Umbuso isiseko esiyinyaniso sesizathu esilindelekileyo [[[FLT: 1] - chaza indlela iingxelo ezinxulumene ngayo nempikiswano yesizwe [[[[FLT:]] - Isibonisi seqela elicelayo liyenze imigudu esengqiqweni ukufumana iirekhodi ngaphaya kwendlela encinci (umz., imvume, incinci yepolena)
- qinisekisa ukuba iingxelo azikho ngandlel'[FLT] [FLT] [FLT:] umgwebi] uzakuhlola i-ffidavit ukugqiba ukuba idibana nayiphi na indlela esemthethweni. Kwisigqeba, ezinye ii-'ividimentiod''''''ivieviss trans trans trapt traption'd transtiption'

Ukuvunywa

Isiqinisekiso masikhutshwe ngumgwebi okanye imantyisi ongathathi cala. Le mvume iqinisekisa ukuzimela konobangela ofanelekileyo nokuthobela imigaqo esemthethweni. Kwimicimbi yasekuhlaleni, ijaji ejonge ityala ingakhupha isiqinisekiso, kodwa amanye amazwe afuna isicelo esahlukileyo kwigosa lejaji elahlukileyo ukuze lilondoloze ukungacaluli. Imvume mayibhalwe ize ityikitywe ligunya lokukhupha.

I-HIPAA-Imfuno ezikhethekileyo zoMqathango weNkundla

Kwanaxa imvume ifunyenwe, iHIPAA ibeka iimeko ezongezelelweyo phambi kokuba iqumrhu eligqunyiweyo likhuphe i-PHI. Ngokutsho kwe-45 CFR 76,12(e), umyalelo okanye imvume yenkundla kufuneka yanelise okulandelayo:[
- Umyalelo okhutshwe yinkundla yolawulo olufanelekileyo.
- Umyalelo uquka amanyathelo afanelekileyo okukhusela (umz., intsebenziswano, okanye indlela yokukhusela) ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kolwazi olutsha. [[[FLT:] - Umyalelo umele ubeke imiqathango efunekayo kulwazi olufunekayo. [[FLT] [[FLT] - Umyalelo uquka izicwangciso ezifunekayo zokukhusela. [iiiiiiiiiinkcukacha ezifunekayo, okanye i-octive, okanye indlela yokukhusela] ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa komnye.[FTY] Ezi zinto zimele ziqukelwe ngaphandle kwe-ogno-octive.

Ukhuseleko Lobuqu Nemida Efumaneka

Kwanasemva kokuba imvume ivunyiwe, imicimbi yomguli ihlala iphambili.

Impinda Yamacangci

Phambi kokujika iingxelo ezichukumis ’ ubhongo ngezantsi amanqaku engqondo okanye iingxelo zengqondo zengqondo .Inkundla ezininzi zifuna ukuhlolisiswa kwekhamera (engasese). Ijaji ihlola iirekhodi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziqulethe ubungqina obunxulumene netyala kwaye akukho nto ibalulekileyo etyhilwa ngokungafanelekanga. Oku kuqheleke kakhulu kumaphetshana angonyango lwengqondo, aphantsi kwe-HIPAA anomgangatho ophezulu kakhulu wekhuselo. Inkundla ehlaziyayo isenokuphinda ipeyite izahlulo ze-actal ezingasebenzi, ezingaphezulu kakhulu kwe-actractic, okanye eziphantsi kwelungelo lomguli.

Ulungelelwaniso Olukhuselayo

Xa iingxelo zishicilelwe, zidla ngokufakwa phantsi kweambrela yokhuseleko ethintela ukusasazwa. Lo myalelo ungavumela amagqwetha namangqina obuchule kuphela ukuba ajonge iirekhodi, angavumeli ukukhuphelwa, aze afune ukubuya okanye atshabalale emva kokuqukunjelwa kwetyala. Umyalelo wokukhusela awugunyazi ukuhambela iintlanzi; usuka nje unikezele imeko ekhuselekileyo ukuze kusetyenziswe ubungqina ekuvavanyweni okanye ekuqweqweni.

Imithetho Ekhethekileyo Esetyenziswa Kwiingxelo Zempilo Yengqondo

Iingxelo zempilo yengqondo zisoloko zifumana ukhuseleko olungakumbi ngenxa yonyango oluchukumisekayo kunye nolindelo olunamandla lokuzimela kwizigulana. Amaphondo amaninzi anemimiselo enika izigulana ilungelo elifanelekileyo lokulwa nonxibelelwano nogqirha. Eli lungelo lingasuswa kuphela ukuba umguli ubeka ingqiqo yakhe kwimbambano, kwaye kwanangoko, ukutyhilwa kusoloko kulinganiselwe kwimeko ebambekayo. Isiqinisekiso sengxelo yezempilo yempilo yengqondo kufuneka sibonise ngokucacileyo ukuba imfuneko yengxelo yemfuno yemfuno yomguli ingaphezulu kwenzala yemfihlo yasese, kwaye ezinye iindawo ezingezimbi zisenokudinwa. Ezinye izivumelwano zifuna ukuba ugqirha okanye umonde anikwe isaziso kunye nethuba lokunikwa isiqinisekiso ngaphambi kokuba kuphumelwe isiqinisekiso.

Ukuhlawulwa kweDiski engagunyaziswanga

Bobabini iqela elicelayo kunye nequmrhu eligqunyiweyo lijamelene nemiphumo enzulu ngenxa yokwaphula imithetho efuna imvume okanye imithetho yasese. Izigwebo zamakhaya phantsi kwe-HIPAA zingafikelela kumashumi amawaka eerandi ngokwaphulwa, kwaye umthetho wesizwe ungagunyazisa ukumangalelwa kwangasese ngokungekho mthethweni ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwemicimbi yangasese, ukwaphulwa kwemfihlo, okanye ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo omguli asemthethweni. Abathathi-nxaxheba abaqhathayo bangajamelana nesigwebo semithetho esesikweni, kuquka ukukhutshwa okanye ukungamelelwa kwemiqathango yesizwe. Ngalo ndlela, ukubambelela ngokungqongqo ekufuneni imigaqo akuyo akuyo ngokomthetho kuphela kodwa kuyimfuneko ngobulumko.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Kubantwana Abafuna Unyango Okanye Impilo Yengqondo

Ukuqhuba inkqubo yoMsebenzi kakuhle, icebiso kufuneka lilandele indlela ecwangcisiweyo.

  1. [[FLT: 0] I-Active Confice Comfice Kuqala. Indlela elula ityikitywe, i-HIPAA-udibanisi-mgunyaziso ovela kumguli (okanye ummeli wabo osemthethweni). Iimpikiswano ezininzi zingasombululwa ngokuququzelela udebe lokhululo. Ukuba imvume ayivunywa, uxwebhu lokwala kwenkundla.
  2. [[UMTL: 0] Ukulungiselela i-Subpoena kwaye Unikezele Isaziso. Phambi kokuba ufune isiqinisekiso, qwalasela i-subpoena duces tecum (okanye isicelo sokufumana) ekhatshwa yisaziso se-HIPAA-complicant. Ukuba izinto zomguli, ungashukuma ukuze ufumane ucwangco lwenkundla. Oku kubonisa ukholo olulungileyo kwaye imigudu encinci.
  3. Impompoza i Affidavit ngobunono. I-affidavit kufuneka iquke izibakala ezithile ezidibanisa iirekhodi kwintelekelelo okanye kwizivikelo. Nqanda i-juperpate. Qhoboshela iinxenye ezinxulumeneyo zokuncenga, iingxelo zezamayeza sele zisebubungqinani, okanye ingcali ezimisela uqhagamshelwano.
  4. Ukufuna umlinganiselo omncinci. Ukwandisa ukuvunywa kwemvume yokugweba, linganisela isicelo kwirekhoda ezincinci ezifunekayo. Umzekelo, ukuba imeko ibandakanya inxeba lesandla, akukho mfuneko yokufuna iingxelo ezindala zolwazi lomguli lojikelezo.
  5. Cela i In Camera Review okanye Umgaqo wokuKhusela. cela inkundla ukuba ihlole iirekhodi ngasese okanye ikhuphe umyalelo wokukhusela. Oku kubhekisa kwimicimbi yangasese yomgwebi kwaye kungakhawulezisa isigqibo.
  6. ngokwaneleyo noMthetho weRhulumente. Khangela iimfuno ezithile zombuso. Amanye amatyala afuna ukuba imvume inikezelwe kumnikezeli wezonyango ngendlela ethile (umz., ngokobuqu, hayi ngeposi). Abanye bayalela ukuba umguli afumane ikopi yesiqinisekiso kunye nengxelo yamalungelo awo.
  7. [[NTL:0] Lungiselela ukunyanzelisa. Ukuba isiqinisekiso sinikwe, siqhoboshele kumalathisi wezonyango ochaza imbopheleleko yokwenza iirekhodi. Ukuba umnikezeli usalayo, kungafuneka ubuyele kwinkundla ukuze ulandelwe okanye uthotyelwe.

Umthetho Wetyala Nemizekelo Eluncedo

Izigqibo ezininzi ze-template zibonisa ukusetyenziswa kweemfuno zemvume kuluntu. United States v. Seweeney (imeko yesizwe ebandakanya iirekhodi zezamayeza), iNqanawa yeSithili yathi ivume ukuba isiqinisekiso sokukhangela iingxelo zezamayeza kufuneka sifelwe ngokufanelekileyo, kuquka ithuba lomguli lokuvavanya isiqinisekiso ngaphambi kokubulawa. Ngexesha imvelaphi yolwaphulo-mthetho, ukuqiqa ngoluvo lwamkelwa kwimiyalelo yokufumana iingxelo zezamayeza. Doe. United States, inkundla yephondo yayifuna ukuba urhulumente afumane isiqinisekiso esixhaswa ngokufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba anikezele iziphumo zempilo ze-Foff kungenelwe kwingxelo yempilo ye-Fert, nangona ingumthetho othe wabekwa kwingxelo engenanto ephambili kwingxelo yezonyango.

Kumgangatho wemeko, Icala elipheleleyo le-Jury Subpoena yezondo zezokwelapha (N.Y. 2019) lagxininisa ukuba i-subpoena kuphela (ngaphandle komyalelo wenkundla) okanye imvume) ayinakukwazi ukulilawula ilungelo lomonde-ephephisi kubemi. Ngokufanayo, i- Roe v. Inkundla enkulu ibambelele ekubeni iingxelo zempilo yengqondo zikhuselwe lilungelo elikhethekileyo elinokukhuselwa kuphela ngokuboniswa ngokucacileyo kwemfuneko enyanzelekileyo, ekufuphi kwisizathu esifanelekileyo. Ezi zigqibela imfuneko yesiqinisekiso okanye yenkundla elungele ukuvunyelwa ngobuchule.

Isiphelo

Imfuneko yemithetho yezonyango neyonyango lwamakhaya ayiyonto nje ephambili; lukhuseleko olubalulekileyo olulungelelanisa imfuneko yobungqina namalungelo obuqu asisiseko. Ama-Athorney kufuneka aqonde ukuba iSigqibo sesine soMphetho-Mda, iHIPAA, kunye nemithetho yesizwe isebenzisana ukuze ibangele umgangatho ongqongqo: mhlawumbi, isizathu, ukufutha, ukufutha, nokuthatha inxaxheba kwekomiti. Xa isiqinisekiso sifunyenwe, ikhuselwa imigaqo eyimfihlo efana nokubukelelwa, imiyalelo ekhuselweyo, nemilinganiselo ekhoyo ekhuselekileyo. Ngokusondela kwindlela esetyenziswayo ngokulula, ngoko kungenelwa kwemiqathango yolwazi oluthe ngqo, ngoko kunyuswayo, kwaye ekugqibeleni kufunwa isiqinisekiso xa kuyimfuneko kuphela xa kuyimfuneko, ii-praccracce ifikelele iinjongo zazo ezicacileyo ngaphandle kokulalanisa imigaqo esemthethweni yendlela okanye ukukhuselwa kwendlela esemthethweni. [i-HPNFU.] [10] kwimig.[10]