Umnini-shishini ngamnye oziinkampani ezincinane uyayazi imizabalazo yokukhusela ungenelo olufanelekileyo kwikomkhulu, kwizivumelwano, nakwinkxaso yoluntu. Kodwa enye yezona zixhobo zinamandla zokulawula indawo yokudlala iyatyeshelwa: ukubalwa kwabantu ngokwesizwe. Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kubalo loluntu akuyomfuneko nje yoluntu kuphela, sisigqibo soshishino esisebenzayo esinokuvula amathuba emali, impembelelo yenkqubo, kunye nokwanda kwexesha elide. Xa amashishini athe afumana ingxelo ngokuchanekileyo ngogcino-lwazi lwawo, ayanceda ekumiseni imaphu yezoqoqosho enika intengozo zemali, intengoleko encinane, kunye neenkqubo zokuphuhlisa uluntu ezifuna kakhulu. Eli nqaku lihlola iinzuzo ezikhoyo zokuthatha inxaxheba kwaye linika ukhokelo olusebenzayo ekufumaneni kwabo.

Isizathu Sokuba Ugcino - lwazi Lobalo Lubalulwe Kakuhle Kubantu Abancinane

I-U.S. Censure Bureau iqhuba ubalo olubanzi lwabemi namashishini rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-10 kubalo-nyaka oluhlaziyiweyo, kunye nohlolo oluqhubekayo olufana noluyiMelika Community Survey (ACS) kunye noHlahlo lwezezoqoqosho. Olu gcino-lwazi lumisela isiseko solwabiko lwezibonelelo lwamacandelo kawonke-wonke nawabucala. Kumashishini azimeleyo, abonakala kwezi ziphumo zibalulekileyo kuba oorhulumente, iziseko, kunye nabangeni-mali baxhomekeke kule nkcazelo ukuze baqonde iindawo ezigciniweyo kunye nenkxaso yabo.

NgokweBreau Bureau ngokwayo, iinkqubo ezifana neMgaqo-nkqubo yoPhuhliso loMsebenzi woBucukubhede, udweliso loBucukubhede loBungameli obuNcinci bezo mboleko lwenkqubo ye7(a), kunye namanyathelo ahlukeneyo okuphuhlisa umgangatho wezoqoqosho onke asebenzisa amanani ababalwayo ukufumanisa ukuba ayamkeleka kunye nemigangatho yemali. Ngaphandle kokuma kakuhle, umgangatho woluntu oluncinane uyatyeshelwa kwaye ukhutshwe phantsi.

Ukongezelela, ubalo lwabantu lunceda ukuba kuchazwe ngokucacileyo umsebenzi wezoqoqosho owenziwa ziinkampani ezincinane. Ngo-2020, inani lamashishini angenabo bambalwa eUnited States afikelela ngaphezu kwesibhozo sezigidi, kodwa ajongene nemiqobo engenakulinganiswa ekukhuleni. Ngokuthabatha inxaxheba kubalwa, la mashishini anegalelo ekuchaneni ngokuchanekileyo kweziphumo zawo zezoqoqosho, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imeko yophuhliso lweenkqubo zoncedo. Funda ngakumbi ngendlela i-Censubeareaurage proce ehamba ngayo ishishini [[FLT: 0] ibali lawo elisemthethweni .

Ukuvula Imali Neemali

Ugcino-lwazi oluchanileyo lungundoqo ekufumaneni izigidi zeerandi ezifumana iimali kunye neemali-mboleko ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekileyo oosomashishini abambalwa. Iinkqubo ezininzi zikarhulumente norhulumente zisebenzisa ubalo lwamanani kunye nohlalo lwendawo ukuchaza imilinganiselo yokubalwa kwabantu. Umzekelo, inkqubo yoPhuhliso loBushishini oluncinci lwezibonelelo, enceda amashishini akwizibonelelo zikarhulumente kunye neemali eninzi, ixhomekeke kakhulu kugcino-lwazi lwamaqela abantu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ayamkeleka. Ngokufanayo, i-Community Development Filiance Institions (CDFre) ingeniso yobalo-mali ekhoyo encinci, isebenzisa ugcino-lwazi lwawodwa ukuze ijolise izivumelwano zawo kwimimandla ephantsi nengenayo.

I-data yokubalwa kwabantu ekwiziseko zamagunya azimeleyo ekwakheni imirhumo enika inkxaso kumashishini azimeleyo. I-Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) inika inkqubo esebenzisa amanani abantu ukuchaza iindawo kunye neefemu eziphezulu eziququzelelweyo. Xa amashishini engasabeli kubalwa kwabantu, ezo ndawo aziboni kubani namali. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kweshishini elinye kungaguqula zonke izicwangciso zogcino-lwazi lwasekuhlaleni, ezithi ngoko zivule imithombo yobalo lwawo onke amashishini asekuhlaleni.

Ngaphezu koko, ugcino-lwazi oluchanileyo lunceda amashishini ahlaziyiweyo afaneleke kwimicroloans kunye neemali-mboleko ezixolelwayo ngexesha lengxaki yezoqoqosho. Ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19, iPacheck Program yoKhuselo (PPP) ekuqaleni ixhomekeke kwi-data yobalo yabasebenzi ephelelwe lixesha ukujolisa, ishiya iifemu ezininzi ezizimeleyo emva. Loo mava abonisa imfuneko yokufikelela kumhla kunye namanani apheleleyo. Ngoku, unceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba imali yexesha elizayo efunwa ngulowo oyifunayo. [[FLT:] inyukela kakhulu, bona inkqubo yokubolekisa imali eninzi. [[FLT]

Umgaqo-nkqubo Olungelelanisa Ukwanda Koshishino Olungenakuthelekiswa Nanto

Izigqibo zemigaqo-nkqubo kulo lonke umgangatho worhulumente ziqhutywa yimiqathango yamanani nangokwezoqoqosho. Ukusuka kwimithetho elawulayo ukuya kwiintshukumisa zerhafu zikarhulumente, amazwi abaninizo bezoshishino abancinane akhula xa amanani abo ebhaliwe ngokuchanekileyo. Xa ubalo-manani lubonisa inani elikhulayo labathengisi abambalwa kwisithili, abenzi bezomthetho basengozini yokucebisa iindleko ezixhasa amashishini amancinane abasebenzi be-intembe, ukunciphisa iindleko zerhafu, okanye ukusungula iimfuno zorhwebo ngezantlukwano.

Ugcino-lwazi lokubala lukwachaphazela ukudalwa nokuxhaswa kwemibutho enjenge-Minority Business Agency (MBDA) enika uncedo lobugcisa nokufikelela kwikomkhulu. I-MBDA isebenzisa ugcino-lwazi lokubala abantu ukufumana amaziko amatsha oshishino, iqinisekisa ukuba iindawo eziphezulu zifumana inkxaso engqalileyo. Ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba eqinileyo, abantu abambalwa basenokungabi naso isiseko esifunekayo ukunceda umlinganiselo wamashishini.

Ngaphezu koko, ukubala ugcino-lwazi luchaphazela indlela evavanywa ngayo imigaqo-nkqubo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuphumelela kwenkqubo encinci yeshishini ebolekiweyo kwisixeko kudla ngokulinganiswa ngokuthelekiswa kwenkcazelo yokubalwa kwabantu kwinani lokusinda kweshishini. Ukuba amashishini aphantsi athe athe abhaliswa, ifuthe le nkqubo lisenokubonakala lilincinci kunalo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuncitshisweni kwemali kwiminyaka elandelayo. Ngokuthabatha inxaxheba, abanini-mali banceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zokwenene zemigaqo exhasayo ziboniswa ngokuchanekileyo.

Indlela Ongenelwa ngayo Kumelo Oluchanekileyo Amashishini Amancinane

Ukubalwa linyathelo lokuqala ekufumaneni ukubonakala. Amashishini amaninzi azimeleyo alwa noqoqosho oluphantsi kwezoqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni, olunokulinganisela amandla awo okutsala abathengi, italente kunye namaqabane. Ugcino-lwazi lobalo lunika isiqinisekiso sokuqinisekisa ubunzima bezoqoqosho boosomashishini abambalwa. Xa uluntu lunokubonisa amanani ababalwayo abonisa ukuba amashishini angenayo abantu abambalwa anegalelo kwingeniso emali kunye nokuxhasa amawaka emisebenzi, lubangela ukuba kubekho urhwebo kunye nokungena kwemali.

Ukufikelela okukhulayo kumaqumrhu karhulumente

Umkhosi, urhulumente, kunye norhulumente wasekuhlaleni basebenzisa amawaka ezigidi zeerandi nyaka ngamnye kwimpahla neenkonzo. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yoku kusetyenziswa kwemali ibekelwe indawo yamashishini amancinane nangamahlwempu ngeenkqubo ezifana ne-SBA's 8 (a) inkqubo kunye nenkqubo ye-HUBZENE. Ukungafezeki kwezi nkqubo kusoloko kuxhomekeka kwimiba yemali yomnini-shishini kunye neempawu zezoqoqosho zommandla, ezithelekelelwa ngogcino-lwazi. Umzekelo, ishishini elikwicandelo loshishino oluphantsi kweMinyaka (HUBSONE) kufuneka libe kwiphecato yokubala abantu abafumana imali ekhethekileyo okanye abaqeshiweyo.

Ngokuthabatha inxaxheba kubalo-manani, abanini-mashishini baqinisekisa ukuba indawo yabo yasekuhlaleni ihlala ihlelwe njenge-HUBZONE okanye ukuba ama-HuBzones amatsha angabonwa. Ngaphezu koko, ukubala inani labantu ngokuchanileyo kuyanceda ukugcina ingqibelelo yemiba yeshishini elincinane elinamava asebenzayo nenkonzo. Ngaphandle kogcino-lwazi oluya kumhla, ezi zigaba zingaphelelwa lixesha, ezinokubangela ukuba amashishini asemthethweni angawaphumeleli amathuba okufumana. Funda okufumana isiqinisekiso esikhulu nge-HuBZONE [[FLT: 0]

Ukwenziwa Kwezigqibo Zeshishini Ezicwangcisiweyo

Abathengisi be-Savvy bayazi ukuba ugcino-lwazi luqhuba impumelelo. Ubalo-lwazi olusuka kwiZiko loLuntu laseMelika kunye ne-Censurences yezezoqoqosho, zinika ulwazi oluninzi kubemi basekuhlaleni, imigangatho yengeniso, izalathiso zokusebenzisa iipakethi, kunye nokufumaneka kwemisebenzi. Amashishini amancinane angasebenzisa obu gcino-lwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezithe zazi ukuba ziziphi izitore, ziziphi iimveliso ezimele zinikelwe, nendlela yokusebenza. Umzekelo, umnini wevenkile kwingingingi yoluntu, uyakwazi ukuhlalutya ugcino-lwazi lobalo lwemenyu esekelwe kwingeniso yendlu yesixhobo samajelo eendaba.

Ngaphezu koko, abanikeli-mali kunye nababolekisi bafuna ngokukhula ulwazi lwendawo yoluntu njengenxalenye yenkuthalo yabo efunekayo. Ishishini elinokukhankanya ulwazi lokubala abantu ukubonisa ukuba intengiso yalo iyakhula kwaye izinzile ngokwezoqoqosho zinokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba zikhusele inkxaso-mali. Ngokuthabatha inxaxheba kubalo lwabantu, amashishini amancinane angeneli nje negalelo kwiqula lee data kodwa likwaphembelela ucoseleko lwezixhobo abaxhomekeke kuzo. Abo bakhangela ukutshona kwidata, i-Bactaunication Bureaunia inika isixhobo samahhala esibizwa [[FLT:]] kwi-The Meap yoPhungela Izoqoqosho enceda uhlaluko kunye neenkqubo zokulungisa. Hlalk'iphelonke.

Ukoyisa Izithintelo Zokuba Nenxaxheba Ekubalekeni

Phezu kwazo nje iinzuzo ezicacileyo, amashishini amaninzi ahlaziyiweyo athandabuza ukuba nenxaxheba ekubaleleni abantu. Imiqobo eqhelekileyo iquka ukoyika ukusetyenziswa kakubi kogcino-lwazi, imiqobo yolwimi, ukungaqondi nokuxhalabelana nokungazazi kakuhle izinto zobuqu. Ngaphezu koko, abanye abanini-mali baxhalabile ukuba ukunikela inkcazelo kungakhokelela kwirhafu engakumbi okanye uphando lomthetho. Kubalulekile ukusingatha le ngxaki kwaye kunika isiqinisekiso sokuba ukuba ukuba ukuba ukubalwa kwabantu kukhuselekile, kuyimfihlo, kwaye kuyingenelo.

Ukwakha Intembelo Nokuqonda Izinto Ezikhusela Imfihlelo

IBhunga loTshenxiso lisebenza phantsi kweSihloko 13 soMthetho wase-U.S., esithintela ukutyhilwa kwalo naluphi na ulwazi olubonakalayo kangangeminyaka engama-72. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimpendulo zomntu ngamnye azinakwabelana namanye amasebe karhulumente, ulawulo lomthetho, okanye amagunya erhafu. I-Bureau ikwasebenzisa i-mon-modefication kunye nemithetho-yokhuseleko ukukhusela ugcino-lwazi. Kumashishini, oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba ukuba ukubandakanyeka kwabasebenzi abasebenzi abasebenzi abachazi ukuba baphikise okanye banyanzele ukuthunyelwa kwelizwe. Enyanisweni, i-bhureau ayinakwabelana nogcino-data ne-IRS okanye SBA (A) de kube amashumi eminyaka kamva, kwaye kukwifomu ye-agggradave.

Noko ke, ukuthembana kuhlala kulucelomngeni, ingakumbi kuluntu oluye lwagwetywa ngokwembali. Ukuphelisa oku, iBhunga lobuRhulumente lisebenzisana neentlangano zoluntu ezithembekileyo, amagumbi ezorhwebo, kunye namaqumrhu amancinane oshishino ukusasaza ulwazi oluchanileyo. Abanini bamashishini bangaphinda baqinisekise i-webhsayithi yokubala abantu esemthethweni (cens.gov) baze bakhangele imvulophu esemthethweni okanye ifomati ye-imeyili. Ukunikela ingxelo ngawo nawuphi na umsebenzi okrokrekrezayo unceda ukukhusela uluntu. I-bhureauau''''''''''''''''''' kwiphepha lemfundo ye-mgalelo [[FLTLT:1]

Ukuthetha Ulwimi kunye neeNkqutyana zokuFikeleleka

Ifomu yokubalwa kwabantu ifumaneka ngeelwimi ezili-13, kwaye i-bureau inika izikhokelo zoncedo kulwimi oluninzi. Kubo banesiphene, ifomu ingagqitywa ngomnxeba ngenkonzo yokudlulisela okanye ngolungiselelo olukhulu lokushicilela. I-intanethi yenqanawa yenzelwe ukuba ifikeleleke, ngokuhambelana kolwazi lwekhusi kunye nobungakanani befonti obulungelelanisiweyo. Amashishini amancinane anceda abantu abangeyo isiNgesi nabaxhasi kufuneka bakhuthaze abasebenzi babo ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kulwimi abalulungeleyo.

Ngaphezu koko, i-Census Bureau inika izinto ezahlukeneyo zokufikelela, kuquka iividiyo, iividiyo, iingxelo zenyani, kunye namaphepha eelwimi ezininzi. La maxwebhu achaza ukubaluleka kokubala ishishini ngalinye. Kubantu abanoshishino abangaqinisekanga, ii-ofisi zobuBhaliso zasekuhlaleni zisoloko zifumana iindawo zokusebenzela kunye nee-webinaries ngokukhethekileyo kubarnary abambalwa. Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwezi ziganeko kungayiphelisa inkqubo kwaye kunikeze inkxaso engqalileyo.

Isikhokelo ngenyathelo ukuya kwinxaxheba kubalo

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba ekubaleni abantu kucacile, kodwa kufuneka uqwalasele iinkcukacha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ugcino-lwazi lubonakalisa ishishini lakho ngokuchanekileyo. Nalu ukhokelo olusebenzayo kumashishini angoogxawo.

  1. [[FLT: 0] Ibonisa uhlobo olulungileyo. Inkoliso yamashishini izakufumana iposi ebuza abantu kwiposi evela kwi Censureation Bureau. Ukuba usebenza kwidilesi yasekhaya, ungafumana ifomu yendlu endaweni yayo. Kwi-Economic Censuresion, ungafumana uvavanyo olwahlukileyo loshishino. Ngamaxesha onke uqinisekisa ukuba umthumeli ngu [FLT:]cens.
  2. Ulwazi olufunekayo. Unenani lomqeshi wakho Identification Nambala (EIN), ingeniso yonyaka, inani labaqeshwa, kunye nedilesi yoshishino elungile. Ukuhlelwa kwabambalwa, kulungele ukubonisa inani lamanani omntu.
  3. Khetha indlela yakho yokuphendula. Ungayizalisa ifomu yengingqi kwi-intanethi, ngeposi, okanye ngemfonomfono. I-intanethi ingumsebenzisi kwaye igcina inkqubela-phambili yakho. Inombolo yefowuni yohlolo lweshishini ngu 1-800-354-71.
  4. [[NTLL:0]] Iprovide echanekileyo nepheleleyo ugcino-lwazi. Musa ukuqikelela ukuba ungafumana amanani achanileyo. Ugcino-lwazi oluchanekileyo luqinisekisa ukuba uluntu lwakho lufumana inkxaso echanekileyo yemali. Ukuba akuqinisekanga ngombuzo, sebenzisa amacebiso oncedo okanye biza umgca woncedo we Censureaues Bureau.
  5. Jonga phambi kokuba unikezele. Ukukhangela kabini ukuba onke amanani achanile. Ugcino-lwazi olungachanekanga lungafaka ingqokelela yezibalo zasekuhlaleni luze luchaphazele ulwabelo lwezibonelelo. Xa lungenisiwe, ulwazi luyimfihlo.
  6. [[UMTL: 0] ubalo lwexesha olugqityiweyo luphela ngoAgasti ngonyaka wobalo, kodwa ubalo lwezoqoqosho lunemigca eyahlukileyo. Khangela umhla wakho ochaziweyo wophando.

Ukhokelo olongezelelekileyo, i-Census Bureau inika i-intanethi ye-SCRLT yamashishini e-cens.gov/ezoqoqosho-census.

Impembelelo Yexesha Elide Yokuthabatha Inxaxheba Ekubaleni

Iinzuzo zokuthabatha inxaxheba kubalo lwabantwana zidlulela kude ngaphaya komjikelo wemali okhawulezileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ugcino-lwazi oluchanekileyo lunceda ukwakha uluntu olomeleleyo, olunokomelela ngakumbi. Xa amashishini akwindawo encinane ababalwa ngokupheleleyo, abacebi bophuhliso lwezoqoqosho bangayila iinkqubo zokulwa nolwakhiwo lweemfuno ezithile zezenkxalabo yabantwana. Ngokufana nokufikelela ekunyamekeleni abantwana, izithuthi, kunye nokusetyenziswa komphakathi. Ezi ziphuculo zidala umjikelo olungileyo: utsalela amashishini amaninzi, nto leyo ebangela imisebenzi aze andise iindleko zasekuhlaleni.

Ngaphezu koko, kusetyenziswa ubalo lwabantu ukuphinda kutsalwe izithili zezopolitiko nokubekwa kwezihlalo kwiNdlu yabameli. Xa abantu abambalwa bebalwa, abakho kwimicimbi yezopolitiko, nto leyo enokuthi ikhokelele kwiinkqubo ezizityeshelayo iimfuno zabo. Ngokuthabatha inxaxheba, abanini-zoshishino banceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba abamelwane babo banendawo yokuhlala etafileni xa kubhalwa imithetho echaphazela amashishini amancinane.

Ekugqibeleni, ubalo olunamandla lokubala lunyusa ukuthembeka okupheleleyo kwamashishini afunyanisiweyo emehlweni abobolekisi, abanikeli, kunye namaqumrhu amakhulu. Iinkampani ezifana neWalmart, iToyota, kunye neBhanki yaseMerika zivelise iinkqubo zokwahlula-hlula-hluka ezithe zaneefektha zemibutho encinane enogcino-lwazi oluqinisekisiweyo. Xa ishishini linokubonisa ukuba liyinxalenye yemeko yezentengiselwano ezichumayo, iba liqabane elinomtsalane ngakumbi. Ngale ndlela, inxaxheba yokubala inani lababali abanikazi abasebenzi abambalwa abasebenza ixesha elide, kwaye likukuveliswa kwempumelelo yexesha elide yabathengi abambalwa kunye noluntu abasebenza kulo.

Isiphelo

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kubalo lwabantu yenye yezona zinto zinegalelo eliphambili kumnini shishini ongomnye ongomnye angathatha ukukhusela ubuncwane, inkqubo yempembelelo, kunye nophuhliso loqhubelo-phambili loluntu. Ngokunika ulwazi oluchanekileyo, unceda ukwenza isiseko esitsala inkxaso-data, ukwandisa amathuba okufumana, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba umelo oluthe thaca. Ishishini ngalinye elithatha inxaxheba linegalelo kumhlaba olungileyo nochumileyo. Inkqubo ilula, iyafihla, kwaye iyaxhaswa lulwimi olubanzi neenkonzo zofikelelo. Ungawathathi lula amandla okuphendula kwakho.