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Isizathu Sokuba Ithala Lencwadi Lasekuhlaleni Libaluleke Kakhulu Kwimfundo Yobalo

Ubalo-mali lweminyaka edlulileyo lumisela umelo lwezopolitiko, ukusasazwa kwemali kwezemali nocwangciso lwebutho labantu kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi bayamathidala okanye bangakwazi ukuthabatha inxaxheba ngenxa yokunqongophala kolwazi, imiqobo yolwimi, okanye ukufikelela okusikelwe umda kwi-intanethi. Ukusebenzisa amathala eencwadi asekuhlaleni kuxubusha le mingeni eyintloko-i. Iithala zisebenza njengeendidi ezikhoyo, iindawo ezithenjiweyo apho nabani na anokungena khona, abuze imibuzo, kunye novimba bokufikelela ngaphandle komgwebo. Ngokudibanisa imfundo yokubala abantu kwiithala ethala, amaziko esasazwa abantu, asoloko ephoswa ukusetyenziswa. Oku kuguqula amathala eencwadi asuka kwizakhiwo ezisebenzayo ukuya kwimisebenzi esebenzayo yoluntu.

Ukuthembana Nofikelelo Lwabantu: Isiseko Sempumelelo

IiThala leeNcwadi njengeGama loLwazi oluThenjiweyo

Uphando oluqhubekayo lubonisa ukuba abalayishi bethala leencwadi baphakathi kweengcaphephe zikarhulumente ezithembekileyo. Xa ithala leencwadi libonisa iposi yababalo-bantu okanye limkelwe kwindawo yoshishino, elincomelayo lithwala ubunzima obungaphaya kwephecana likarhulumente. Ngokutsho kweAmerican Library Association, amalungu angaphezu kwama-90% oMbutho weThala leencwadi anokukholelwa ukuba inkcazelo enikelwa ngumphathi-malayibrari wasekuhlaleni. Oku kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kuluntu oluphantsi kwengxelo yembali, kuquka abemi basemzini, amakhaya aphantsi kwengeniso, kunye nemimandla yasemaphandleni.

Ufikeleleko lwasemzimbeni nolwamanani

Asinguye wonke umntu one-intanethi yasekhaya, ikhompyutha, okanye ezothutho ezithembekileyo ukuya kwii-ofisi zikarhulumente. Ibrorho yamathala eencwadi efumaneka kulo msantsa. Inika iikhompyutha zikawonke-wonke, iWi-Fi, kunye nezithuba zabucala apho abemi banokugqiba ukubala abantu kwi-intanethi kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Kubantu abangeyosiNgesi, iithala leencwadi zinika abasebenzi kunye nezinto eziluncedo. Abo banengxaki yokubona okanye yokuva baqinisekisa ukuba ubugcisa obuncedayo bukhona. Amaphulo eencwadi anika iimfashoni eziguqulelwe ngeendlela, izikhokelo ezifundelwayo zekhusi, nabatolishi abaguquleli abakwaziyo ukuchaza amagama ngemi.

Ukufikelela Abemi Abanqika Nzima

I-Census Bureau ichaza amaqela amaninzi anzima akwimimandla: abantwana abaselula, abaqeshi, abantu abambalwa, abavela ebalazweni, nabantu abangenamakhaya, nabantu abanobuchule obuncinane bamaNgesi. Amathala eencwadi asoloko ewasebenzisa onke la maqela. Ngexesha lamabali, iiklasi ze-ESL, kunye neenkqubo zokufumana iinkonzo, iithala leencwadi zihlala zinxibelelana neentsapho nabantu abangakwaziyo ukubala inani labantu. Ngokuqhuba imfundo yokubala abantu kwimisebenzi yethala leencwadi elikhoyo, amaphulo akuyi kuphenduliswa ukuthatha inyathelo likarhulumente owahlukeneyo kwaye endaweni yoko kuqhele ukuba kusetyenziswa njengenxalenye yoko sele kusenziwa yithala leencwadi: luncedo kubantu.

Izixhobo neenkqubo ezithathela inxaxheba kwiDrive

Iintlanganiso zolwazi eziququzelela ukwamkela ulwazi kunye neevenkile zokusebenza

Amathala eencwadi angafumana iingxubusho zokolula ezichaza inkqubo yobalo. Abalayishi bangakhokela iintetho ngesizathu sokuba imicimbi yokubala abantu, imibuzo emayilindele, nendlela yokuphepha ubuqhophololo. Imikhankaso inganikezela ngethala leencwadi elinezinto zokubonisa, iFAQ, kunye neefomu zohlobo kude phambi kokuba undululo lwasemthethweni luqaliswe. Ngonyaka wama-202020, iilayibrari ezininzi ezinalayibrari ezithi ziphinda-phindeneyo ngokudibana noluntu. Ezi ziganeko zakha uqhubeko zivumele abantu babuze imibuzo enzulu ngasese. Ukunikela iirooda ezininzi zexesha elininzi (kuquka iingokuhlwa kunye neempelaveki kunye neeveki ezisebenzayo zingaya.)

Inqwelo - moya Nezinto Ezintlukwano

Amathala eencwadi ngamaziko onikezelo lwendalo. IiPatrons zithatha izinto zokuphawula, ababhabhayo, kunye neepositimenti ngexesha zikhangela izinto. Iinkampani kufuneka zivelise izinto ngeelwimi eziphezulu ezithethwa kwindawo nganye yenkonzo yethala leencwadi. Kwisiphumo esikhulu, quka iinkcazelo ezichaza inkqubo yocango- ukuya kwindlu---mfono-mfono ngokubona okulula. Ithala leencwadi likwanokunikezela ngamaqhosha okuphendula abantu ngeposi ezinikezelweyo.

Ukulungiselela Iindawo Zokusebenzela Neenkqubo Zemfundo

Ngaphandle kolwazi olusisiseko, amathala eencwadi anganikela ulwazi olunzulu. Iindawo zomsebenzi zokufihla ulwazi, ukuqonda imimandla eqingqiweyo, okanye indlela ugcino-lwazi lokubala oluchaphazela ngayo izikolo zasekuhlaleni nezibhedlele zinika abemi amandla okuzijonga njengabagcini-mali. Iinkqubo zolutsha ziyakwazi ukufundisa ubuchule bokufunda ngemichiza ngexesha zigqiba ukubala abantu kwi-intanethi. Amaqonga angadibanisa iintlanganiso zokuphepha ukubawazisa amagama. Inkqubo nganye isebenza umsebenzi ophindwe kabini: ifundisa kwaye yandisa ukusabela. Ithala leencwadi likwanobuchule boqeqesho noomantsebenzi boqeqesho kunye nabasebenzi bethala encwadi njengezigidi ababalwa abantu, ukuguqula zonke iidesika zobalo zibe yidesika yokunceda abantu.

Ukubonelela ngokufikelela kwi-Internet kunye nezitishi zekhompyutha

Ulwahlulo lwamanani yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekugqityweni kobalo lwe-intanethi. Amathala eencwadi sele enika izigidi i-Internet ngesisa. Ngexesha lamaxesha okubalwa kwabantu, amathala eencwadi angandisa iiyure, agcine iikhompyutha zisetyenziswe kuphela ekubaleni abantu, anikezele uncedo olunye. Ezinye iilayibrari zisebenzisa ii-arhente ezishushu ezihambayo ezinokukhangelwa, ezivumela ukuba zigqibezele ukuba babalwe ekhaya. Amaqela eencwadi afanele alungelelane neethala leencwadi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-freatrandity kunye nabasebenzi abaneleyo ngexesha lobalo. Iincwadi zoNxulumaniso lwe-Expressances zinceda ukunxibelelana kwemibutho yemibutho.

Iingenelo Kuluntu Nakumaphulo

Ukwanda koqhagamshelwano nobungqina phakathi kwamaqela anyanyekelwayo

Amanani abonisa ukuba iindawo ezinamathala eencwadi anamandla zifumana amaqondo aphezulu okusabela. Umzekelo, ngowama-2020, amathala eencwadi akwimibutho emikhulu yabemi baseSpeyin anikela ingxelo yokuba iziganeko zawo zokubalwa kwabantu zabangela ukuba iintsapho ezingazange zibe nenxaxheba ngaphambili zifumaneke. Ukungasikeli kwethala leencwadi kukhuthaza ukuthembana. Xa umxhasi wethala leencwadi esithi “le nkcazelo iyimfihlo,” abaxhasi bayo bayikholelwa. Amaqela oku kubone kakuhle ukuba amathala eencwadi eencwadi afumana iimpendulo zokuqala, iintlobo ezimbalwa, kunye nolwando olwandisiweyo lokuthelelwa ngokulandelela. Oku kukhuthaza ukuthembeka komkhwa wokuthand ’ ukuphendula kwezentlalo.

Ukukhuthaza ugcino-lwazi oluchanekileyo nolupheleleyo

Ugcino-lwazi oluchanileyo luxhomekeke kwimiba epheleleyo. Iimida zogcino-lwazi zikhokelela ekufumaneni inkxaso-mali ephosakeleyo kwizikolo, kwezonyango, kweendlela, nakwimisebenzi yongxamiseko. Amathala eencwadi anceda ukugcwalisa ezi zikhephe ngokujongeka ngqo amaqela asenokuba aphuthelwa. Ngokunika uncedo olunye ngokuzenzekelayo ngeelwimi ezininzi, iithala zencwadi zinciphisa iimpazamo zokungaqondi kakuhle. Zikwanceda ekuphepheni ukubala abantwana abancinane, abasoloko bekhutshwa kwiimpendulo zekhaya. Ngokutsho kwe-Censureauaua, abantwana abangaphantsi kwesihlanu baphakathi kweqela elingaphantsi kweminyaka ebaliweyo. Ithalaries ingafundisa abazali ukuba bonke abantwana abahlala kwindlu encinane kunye nabazukulwana nabazukulwana.

Ukwakha Ubungqina Boluntu

Intsebenziswano ayipheli xa kugqitywa ukubalwa kwabantu. Amathala eencwadi ayaqhubeka esebenza njengamaziko okubhalisa abantu. Iinqwelo-mvume zokubhalisa, iintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke, kunye namaphulo okuphanda ngempilo konke kuyangenelwa kwizibonelelo ezifanayo. Ngokusebenzisana nobalo lwabantu, amathala eencwadi noorhulumente basekuhlaleni basungula imibutho yomsebenzi kunye nolwalamano oludlulileyo. Uhlolisiso lwama-20222 lweZiko logcino-zincwadi kunye nelayiseko leencwadi lufumanise ukuba amathala eencwadi awayene nemibutho yomanyano ekwabelana kwamazwe abika ukuba abaxhasi bathe nakusetyenziswa kakhulu koorhulumente emva kokuba kuphelile ixesha elide. Ubalo lwamanani olukhoyo luye lwabangela ukuba kubekho unxulumano oluphambili kwimibutho yongxamiseko yoluntu.

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene yeeThala leeNcwadi

Ithala leencwadi likawonke-wonke laseLos Angeles: IKomiti eGqityiweyo yokuHlanganisa

Ngexesha le-2020 Census, inkqubo yethala leencwadi loluntu laseLos Angeles yadibana neComplete Committee yesixeko. Abasebenzi beLibrarian baqeqeshwa njenge “omatiloshe abahamba ngenqanawa” banikwa amasebe kwimimandla ekwimbali ebanzi. Bahamba ngeeyure eziphakathi kwemihla ngemihla, basebenzisa ucingo olushushu, kwaye basasaza amawaka ezixhobo zolwimi lwelwimi ezininzi. Umphumo nguLos Angeles County yabona ulwando lwe-7% kwinani lokuzihambela ngokwalo kwiindawo ezinenkxaso zethala leencwadi ngaphandle. Ubuchule bokusebenza kwimimandla yabaphambukeli banikwa ityala ngokuphucula i-cotown neBoy Height.

Ithala leencwadi loLuntu: Inkokeli yokufumana uLwimi

UQueens, New York, yenye yezona lwimi zininzi eUnited States. Ithala leencwadi leQueens lavelisa izixhobo zokubala abantu ngeelwimi ezingaphezu kwama-30, kuquka isiBengali, isiUrdu, isiCreole saseHaiti, nesiMandarin. Bafumana “Census Kiosks” kwisebe ngalinye apho abaxhasi banokugqiba ifomu ye-intanethi ngomncedi wabasebenzi abathetha iilwimi ezininzi. Ithala leencwadi lavelisa umsebenzi wokubhala ngenkonzo esetyenziswa ekude. Imodeli iye yamkelwa ngamathala eencwadi kulo lonke ilizwe kwaye ngoku ingumhloli wesincediso somanyano lwe-Creencareaust Burea.

Ithala leencwadi lasemaphandleni kwiNtaba yaseNtshona: Ukuvala iThala leeNcwadi

Kubuninzi obuthe kratya obunabemi abambalwa beWyoming neMontana, amathala eencwadi asoloko engokuphela komthombo we-intanethi oweekhilomitha. Ngexesha lobalo lwee-intshi ezingama-2020, la malayibrari yandisa iiyure zeveki kwaye yanikela ushicilelo oluhambayo lweentlobo zobalo. Iinqwelo-nqwelo-moya ezihamba ngeenqwelo-ntaneti ezine-intanethi ze-tellitellite ukuze zifikelele kwi-mfola. Iintlanganiso zethala leencwadi lasekuhlaleni zanikela ingxelo yokuba abantu abaninzi bagqibele ukuba oku kuqaliswe okokuqala ngenxa yokuba ithala leencwadi lizise inkqubo kuzo. Ezi mizekelo zibonisa ukuba imodeli yendlela yokubala isebenza nokubalawuni okanye ubunzima babemi.

Indlela Yokwakha Ilifa Lethala Lencwadi Elinempumelelo Kumaphulo

Qala Ulawulo Lwethala Lencwadi Kusebutsheni Nakulo Lobukhobongela

Musa ukulinda de kuqalise unyaka wobalo. Sekela kubaphathi beethala leencwadi kunye nabaphathi bamasebe ubuncinane iinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-18 ngaphambi kokuba ufunde ukubala abantu. Xoxani ngenkxaso yethala leencwadi esele linayo kunye nezithuba onokuzizalisa ngazo. Nikela imigca yoqingqo-mali kubasebenzi abasebenza ixesha elongeziweyo, ushicilelo, kunye nophuhliso lobugcisa. Ukumisela ijelo lokuqonda elidwelisa iindima, iimbopheleleko, kunye namajelo onxibelelwano. Ukubopha umbutho wakuqala uvumela ukuba ufake ucwangciso lobalo kwikhalenda yabo yosasa yonyaka.

Nikela Uqeqesho Nezinto Zokudlala

Abasebenzi belabhuli kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho oluchanileyo, oluya kutsho kusuku olulandelayo ukuphendula imibuzo ngokuqiniseka. Isebe elisebenzisa i-Breau ukunikezela iintlanganiso zobalo olusemthethweni lokuqeqesha abasebenzi bethala leencwadi. Ukunikezela “ibhokisi yebhokisi” eneenqaku lokuthetha, iifomu, isoloko ibuzwa imibuzo, kunye nolwazi lokuqhagamshelana neekomiti ezipheleleyo zasekuhlaleni. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izinto zifanelekile ngokwenkcubeko kwaye ziguqulelwe kwiilwimi eziphezulu zenkonzo yethala leencwadi. Landelani ngoqeqesho oluhlaziyayo kanye phambi kokuba kuqalise ukubala abantu.

Thembela Ithala Lencwadi Ukuba Bucala

Amathala eencwadi kufuneka ahlale engathathi-nxaxheba. Amaphulo okubala kufuneka aphephe nayiphi na imbonakalo yekhethe lezobupolitika. Isakhelo sokubala abantu njengenyani yokufumana, ukuqokelela ugcino-lwazi, hayi umngeni wobuhlanga. Phumeza izinto ezincamathelayo ukuchaza inkqubo neengenelo kunokuxhasa iziphumo ezithile. Amathala eencwadi ayakukulungela ngakumbi ukuncedisa xa esazi ukuba umyalezo awuchananga kwaye izinto zivunywa yi-Census Bureauau.

Sebenzisa Umjelo Wonxibelelwano Wethala Lencwadi

Amathala eencwadi sele enamaphepha-ncwadi e-imeyili, iingxelo zencoko yababini, iifestile, kunye neebhodi zesaziso. Iplagi efakiweyo yemifanekiso yobalo lweziqendu zethala leencwadi. Yenza imifanekiso yethala leencwadi, ivelise iividiyo ezifutshane ezinokusebenzisa, kwaye inike iikhowuti zokuthetha kwidesika yeencoko zedesika. Inika “amaqela” aquka iipakethi ezifakela, ababhabhi, kwane skripti yemiyalezo yemfonomfono. Okungasebenzi kangako kwethala lencwadi kumele kusebenze ukutshintsha lomyalezo, okunokwenzeka ukuba bawusebenzise.

Linganisa uze uyigcine impumelelo

Jonga ukuba zingaphi iintlanganiso zobalo-mali ezikhoyo, zingaphi izinto ezisasazwayo, kwaye zingakanani izinga lomlinganiselo oziphetheyo kwikhowudi yethala leencwadi. Yabelanani ezi ziphumo kwingxelo kawonke-wonke yokuba ithala leencwadi kunye nabasebenzi balo. Zibhiyozele impumelelo ngokukhutshelwa koomatshini, amabhaso, okanye umsitho omncinane. Oku kukhuthaza ithala leencwadi ukuba liqhubeke nomsebenzi woburhulumente kwaye linikezele isikhokelo kumaphulo exesha elizayo.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Ixesha Elincinane Noqingqo - mali

Amathala eencwadi kawonke-wonke adla ngokusetyenziswa kancinane kwaye akhutshelwe phantsi. Amaphulo okubala anokunceda ngokunika izinyuko kwiiyure ezongezelelekileyo zabasebenzi okanye ngokuthumela amatshantliziyo. Iqabane kunye neeyunivesithi zasekuhlaleni ukucwangcisa abafundi abanokuncedisa ekufumaneni inani labantu. Cela inkxaso evela kwiZiko logcino-lwazi kunye neeNkonzo zeThala leencwadi ukugqiba iindleko zocwangciso. Amaphondo amaninzi anikela inkxaso ekhethekileyo yokuba amathala eencwadi anokungena xa esebenza nekomiti yobalo epheleleyo.

Inkxalabo Yasese

Abanye abaxhasi baxhalatyiswa kukuba abasebenzi bethala leencwadi baza kufumana iimpendulo zabo. Sigxininise ukuba iimpendulo zokubalwa kwabantu ziyimfihlo ngokomthetho (isiHloko 13 semithetho yase-U.S.) nokuba abameli ababhalisi abakhange babhale okanye bagcine iimpendulo. Benze ikhusi lobuqu ukwenzela iikhompyutha kwaye baqinisekise ukuba iikhompyutha zethala leencwadi zimiselwe ukucacisa imbali emva kwentlanganiso nganye. Qeqesha abasebenzi ukuba basuke kwikhompyutha xa umxhasi eqala ifomu.

Inkcazelo Ephosakeleyo Nenkcazelo Engachananga

Ubalo-manani olumalunga nobalo----" olufana noloyiko logcino-lwazi olunesabelo kunye nokugcinwa kwabantu abafudukayo . Amathala eencwadi azindawo ezifanelekileyo zokulwa ulwazi oluphosakeleyo. Iintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke ze-Q&A namagosa e-Cunivation Bureaunity. Bonisa iimphawu ezibonisa kanye oko kunokwenziwa kubalo lwabantu kwaye ezingabuzi. Zibonelele amaxwebhu akwintetho eqhelekileyo ngolwimi olulula. Abasebenzi belabhuli baqeqeshelwa ukubhala ulwazi; bawanika amandla okulungisa ubuxoki ngononophelo olulula kunye nolulungelelanisayo. Yenza “icandelo lobalo lwethala leencwadi”.

Iingxaki Zolwimi Nezokufunda

Asingawo onke amalungu oluntu afunda okanye abhale ngesiNgesi, okanye konke konke. Amathala eencwadi anganikezela ngoshicilelo lwesandi, imiyalelo yevidiyo, kunye noncedo olunye olukhoyo. Kubo bangafundanga, abalayishi bayakwazi ukufunda imibuzo ngokuvakalayo kwaye bangene kwiimpendulo kanye njengoko kuthethwa. Inika amacebiso ababalwayo anezikhokelo ezingezozasiNgesi kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba i-webhsayithi yethala leencwadi inento ephambili ekubaleni abantu ngeelwimi ezininzi. Ingingqi eneengeniso ezingafumanekiyo ekunikezeleni abaguquleli ngexesha lencopho.

Isiphumo: Ithala leencwadi

Amathala eencwadi asekuhlaleni akangomagumbi nje athe cwaka azele ziincwadi. Asebenza kunye, athenjwa, kwaye afikeleleka kulo naliphi na iphulo elifuna ukufikelela wonke ummi. Kwimfundo, kumathala eencwadi anika amandla akhethekileyo okudibanisa ulwazi, ubugcisa, kunye noncedo lwabantu phantsi kophahla olunye. Xa amaphulo enziweyo olu manyano, abona amanani aphezulu, ugcino-lwazi oluchanileyo, kunye nomanyano olunamandla oluphakathi kwabantu oluya kufikelela ngaphaya komjikelezo weminyaka elishumi. Ubalo olulandelayo lusoloko lusondela. Ukuqalisa ukwakha olo lwalamano lwethala leencwadi ngoku, kwaye uza kukulungela ukubala wonke umntu.

izibonelelo zemali ezingundoqo: Merika Library Association – ubalo lweeResolution .U.S.[FUNICE Office – Igumbi elineencwadi ○ ○ Umbindi woMzinzo weMyuziyam kunye neeNkonzo zeThala leencwadi - CFUT - Activementations