Imbali Nemfuneko Yotshintsho Olungokwasemthethweni

Isivumelwano seGood Wesihlanu (sasaziwa nangokuthi yiBelfast Aprgion), esatyiswa ngo-10 April 1998, sasiyincopho yeminyaka yengxoxo ejolise ekupheliseni imfazwe ye-ethno-paralis eyaziwa njengeMbindi. Imfazwe, eyagquba ukususela ekupheleni koo-1960 ukuya ekupheleni kowe-1990, yabulala ubomi obungaphezulu kwama-3, yashiya ulwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu lwentlalo kunye nolopolitiko. Ngoxa le sivumelwano sisoloko sibhiyoliswa njengoxolo lwezopolitiko, ilifa laso lokwenyaniso likwisiseko esisemthethweni esimiselwe ukuguqula ulawulo lwaseNorthern Ireland, ukukhusela amalungelo abantu, kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko. Ngaphandle kwezi nguqu zomthetho, ukuhlalo lwezopolitiko bezopolitiko belungenayo inkqubo efunekayo yokuqinisekisa uxolo oluhlala luhleli.

Ukuqonda iinguqu ezingokwasemthethweni kufuna uxabiso lwelizwe langaphambi konyaka ka-1988. I-Ireland yasemntla yalawulwa phantsi komthetho othe ngqo ukusuka eWestminster ukususela ekurhoxisweni kwepalamente yokuqala ye-Sponsont ngo-1972. Inkqubo yomthetho yalawulwa ngumthetho wexesha likaxakeka, kuquka uthintelo lobuorthoric Zezenzo, eyanika amandla okutshabalalisa amajoni anzima, kunye nocalucalucalucalulo ngokuchasene noluntu oluno lwesizwe/lwesizwe olusendlwini, umsebenzi, kunye nomelo lwezopolitiko lwabhalwa kakuhle. I-Govi yeNhlanu yenzelo yafuna ukubuyisela lomyalelo osemthethweni osekelwe kwimikhosi yokhuseleko, amandla, kunye namalungelo abantu.

Imo yoMgaqo-siseko kunye nomgaqo-siseko wokuvumelana

Isivumelwano safaka umgaqo-siseko ongundoqo: Isikhundla somGaqo-siseko soMntla Ireland kuManyano-2018 sobuZwe be-Uni besingenakutshintsha ngaphandle kokuba uninzi lwabantu balo bavote ngenye indlela. Lo mgaqo wokuvuma wagunyaziswa kuMthetho we-Ireland waseMantla ka-1998], owenza ukuba uRhulumente wase-Ireland u-Umthetho wa-1920 kwaye waseka amaziko amatsha ahlulweyo. Umthetho uchaza ngokucacileyo ukuba u-"kuzalwa kwabo bonke abantu base-Northern Ireland u-Ireland u-Rwanda, okanye bonke, bamkeleke njengo-Ireland, okanye njenge-Brish, njengoko benokukhetha. Oku kwakungummiselo osemthethweni owasusa i-Rhubhdreat protedrogenssssssss (umthetho-omatikopoint) ekudala ekwayilwayo.

Ngaphezu koko, isivumelwano sadala indlela yokuhlola umphetho: unobhala welizwe lasemntla Ireland angabiza i-tevendum ukuba kubonakala ukuba uninzi lwabavoti lungaxhasa ukumanyana neRiphabliki yase-Ireland. Nangona eli gunya lingazange lisetyenziswe kumhla, lihlala lingukhetho olusemthethweni, oluninzi oluxutyushwa kutshanje kumbandela we-post-Brxit yezopolitiko. Uzinzo lwemithetho-siseko olulungiselelwe ngumgaqo wemvume lunika ubungqina obusemthethweni kubo bonke abaquququzeli kunye nabalandeli besizwe, lubavumela ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekulawuleni ngaphandle kokoyika ukuba elinye icala lingatshintsha imeko yobuzwe.

Indaleko Nendibano Yasemntla Ireland

ISiseko esingokwasemthethweni sikaRhulumente Obhaptiziweyo

INdibano i-Nyaka ye-Ireland Act yasemntla we-1998 yadala iNdibano yaseMntla Ireland njengendlu yowiso-mthetho ehamba nge-antelline enamalungu angama-90 (ngoku kamva yancitshiswa yaba ngu-90 ukusuka ku-108 kuhlaziyo lonyaka ka-2017). INdibano inamandla okwenza umthetho oyintloko "kufuduswa kwemicimbi" kuquka impilo, imfundo, ukuma, ukuma, kunye nokusesikweni (emva kokurhoxa kwemithetho-polisi kunye nezobulungisa ngo-2010), ifuna imvume yokunqamleza, nangona ngaphandle kwemicimbi, njengemicimbi yangaphandle, yemicimbi yangaphandle, kunye neyangaphandle, kunye neyokhuseleko, ishiye iPalamente ye-UK.

Uhlaziyo olungundoqo luyimfuneko kukhetho olungokwasemthethweni lwemibutho ehlukeneyo kukhetho oluthile "lwezigqibo zesitshixo," kuquka unyulo lomPhathiswa wokuqala kunye nesekela lomPhathiswa Wokuqala, ulwamkelo lwemiyalelo emileyo, kunye nolwabiwo loqingqo-mali. Uvoti yokunqamleza i-communitunity ingaphunyezwa mhlawumbi ngoninzi lwamalungu atyunjweyo kunye noninzi lwabaquququzeleli abamiselweyo kunye nabesizwe abamiselweyo, okanye ngobunzima obungaphezulu kwama-60% awo onke amalungu noko nangama-40% oluntu. Lo msebenzi uvumelana kwaye uthinte naliphi na iqela elingumntu elingurhulumente ekulawuleni indlu yowiso.

I-Ofisi yomPhathiswa wokuqala nesekela lomPhathiswa wokuqala

Ngokukhethekileyo kumthetho womgaqo-siseko we-UK, uMphathiswa wokuqala kunye nesekela lomPhathiswa Wokuqala yiofisi edityanisiweyo ekhethwe yiNdibano ngesiseko esinqamlezileyo. Zombini zinamandla alinganayo kwaye kufuneka zisebenze kunye. Le mithetho ithetha ukuba akukho namnye ongaphantsi kwenye, nto leyo enokwenziwa ngabom ukunqanda ingqiqo yokuba omnye uluntu lunendawo ephambili. Iofisi edityanisiweyo yavavanywa ngexesha lonyaka wama200-2007 wesigqumo sokhupho, kodwa isakhiwo sayo esisemthethweni sihlala siqinile kwaye sisetyenziswa ngempumelelo ngabaphathi bemithetho elandelelanayo.

Ukuqhuba ngamandla nokukhuthazana

Isivumelwano sagunyazisa igunya elilawulayo eliqhubana nesizwe apho umPhathiswa woBulungiseleli ekwabelwe amaqela ngokobugosa bakhe eNdibano esebenzisa indlela ye-d'Hondt. Le yinkqubo emiselwe ngokusemthethweni: uMphathiswa wokuqala utyunjwe ngoyena mbutho mkhulu wezopolitiko (ongamelanga okanye olawulayo) kunye nesekela loMphathiswa wokuqala akatyunjwa liqela elikhulu elisuka kwisiqu sesibini. Abanye abefundisi bamiselwa ngokwayo ngokusekelwe emandleni eqeleni, beqinisekisa ukuba loo mmishini, umbutho wesizwe, kunye "omnye" izibazo zonke zimelwe. Ngokungafani ne-Weststern, akukho bulumko ngoMphathiswa wokuqala ukuba akhethe okanye agxothegosamlungiseleli abangomnye.

Imodeli yamandla aqhubayo iye yagxekwa ukuvumela amaqela ukuba athintele izigqibo zikarhulumente ngokuphuma kumphathi-maphambili, njengokuba kwenzeka phakathi ko 2017 no-2020 kumthetho wesiHlomelo esitsha nesiHlaziyiweyo solwimi lwase-Ireland. Sekunjalo, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezisemthethweni kusekho, kunye neenguqu ezilandelayo, njengesivumelwano seNew Decare, iNew Approach ka-2020, siye someleza ubuchule bokuphendula, kuquka ukudalwa kwenkcaso esemthethweni kunye nemithetho eqinileyo echasene nokwaphulwa kwemithetho yolungiselelo.

Amalungelo Abantu Nomthetho Olinganayo

ISivumelwano samaLungelo Oluntu sowe-1998 noMthetho waseMntla Ireland

Mhlawumbi eyona nguqulelo ifikeleleka kakhulu esemthethweni yayikukuququzelelwa kweNgqungquthela yaseYurophu yamalungelo abantu (ECHR) kumthetho wasekhaya oya kusetyenziswa Amalungelo abantu , esebenza kuyo yonke i-UK. Kodwa umntla Ireland wahambela phambili: Isivumelwano soMntla Ireland somthetho ka1998 senza ukuba singabi namthetho wagunya likawonke-wonke, kuquka iNdibano neSilawuli, ukwenza ngendlela engqubanayo ne-ECHR. Eli lungiselelo linyanzelelwa ngqo kwiinkundla, linika abagwebi isixhobo esinamandla sokubetha okanye ukulahla umthetho owesibini owephula amalungelo abantu.

Icandelo 75: Isivumelwano seMithetho Yokwenza Umgangatho

ICandelo 75 loMthetho waseMntla Ireland 1998 linyanzelisa umsebenzi okhethekileyo nowawubophelelelwe ngokusemthethweni kumagunya karhulumente ukuba "awujongene nemfuneko yokukhuthaza ukulingana kwamathuba" kwiindidi ezisithoba: inkolelo yonqulo, uluvo lwezobupolitika, ubuhlanga, ubudala, ubume bomtshato, imbonakalo yesondo, ubufana, ubulwelwe, kunye nabaxhomekekileyo. Oku akuthethi nje ukuba abantu bafanele bafezekise i-Aspression (EQIA) kuzo zonke iimigaqo-nkqubo zobupolitika nokupapasha i-ekhombathi-mali. Icandelo 75 lichazwe njengenye yemisebenzi yokulingana okunamandla ehlabathini, kwaye lithetha ngqo ngocalucalulo oluye lwanceda inkciso.

IKhomishini yamaLungelo Oluntu neKhomishini yokuLungisa

Esi sivumelwano sakwaseka amaqumrhu amabini azimeleyo azimeleyo azimeleyo: iKhomishini yamaLungelo oluntu yaseMntla Ireland [NURC] kunye ne-[FLT] ubungangalingani beKhomishini yoMntla Ireland [[. Bobabini banamagunya okucebisa urhulumente, okuqhuba uphengululo, ukunikela uncedo olusemthethweni kubantu, kwaye bazise izicelo egameni labo. Umzekelo, i-NIHRC, ibisebenza kwimigaqo karhulumente evavanywayo ngokuqhomfa, umtshato ofanayo (ngaphambi kokunikezelwa okusemthethweni ngowama-202020), kunye nelifa le komiti inika isivumelwano esisemthethweni sesivumelwano se-"inkculo nganye yesithethe.

IKhomishini yobuLunga yasemntla Ireland esemthethweni inika ukhokelo oluneenkcukacha kwicandelo 75 lokuthobela.

Utshintsho Olufanelekileyo: Ukusuka Kwindawo Ephakamileyo Ukuya KwiPSNI

Ingxelo YasePatten Nemithetho Yamapolisa (eMntla Ireland)

I-Polic yayiyenye yezona ngxaki zidala ingxabano ngexesha leMpekezo. I-Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) yayingumProtestanti ngokugqwalaza kwaye yabonwa ngabathandi besizwe abaninzi njengamandla omkhosi womkhosi omeleleyo kwiyunifomu. IGood Werever Agreement yanikezelwa "ngesiqalo esitsha sobupolisa eNyakatho Ireland," iziphumo zeKhomishoni ePhakathi ye-Phondo [[FLT:]] kwiKhomishini yePolitiki [[FLT] ibekwe nguChosapho lwayo nguChjolo lukaCht Patten. Ingxelo yayo, eyapapashwa ngoSeptemba 1999, yaquka izincolo oluninzi lwamayelayo, oluye luye lwasetyenziswa kumthetho [[FGOLD:2]] 2000 [FT] nomthetho olandelayo.[FLD:3]

Iinguqu ezingundoqo ezingokwasemthethweni ziqukiwe:

  • Ukufumana amandla enkonzo ye-[FLT: 0] yoMntla Ireland (PSNI) ukuphawula uphawu olutsha.
  • Ukuyila i-Picing Board yasemntla Ireland (NIPB), iqumrhu eliquka abameli bezobupolitika namalungu azimeleyo, ukubeka iNtloko yeNkqutyana eBalulekileyo ebeke ityala.
  • Ukusungula inkqubo yobhaliso (ekugqibele ngoku kuthatyathelwe indawo ngamalungu omlinganiselo woluntu) ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkonzo yamapolisa ibonakalisa ukwenziwa koluntu. Oku kugunyaziswe ngokusemthethweni kugunyaziswe ukuvuma kwaxhaswa ziinkundla njengokulungelelana nokuyimfuneko phantsi komthetho wamalungelo abantu.
  • Ukumisa iPolice Ombudsman yaseNorthern Ireland njengenkqubo yokuzimela geqe yokukhalaza enamagunya okuphanda ngezityholo zamapolisa zokungabi nasimilo nolwaphulo - mthetho.

Iinguqu zaziphikisana phakathi kwabaququzeleli ababevakalelwa kukuba ilifa le-RUC lalicinywa ngokungekho mthethweni, kodwa utshintsho lwaluyimfuneko ekufumaneni imali yesizwe kwipolitiki. Ngo-2020, iPSNI yamkeleka ngokubanzi kulo lonke uluntu, nangona iingxaki zisekho ngokubhekiselele ekufumaneni nasekugcineni amagosa amaKatolika.

PSNI esemthethweni ye-website ichaza ulwakhiwo lwangoku kunye nolawulo lomsebenzi.

Ukuyeka Ukusebenzisa Izixhobo

IKhomishini yezizwe ngezizwe ezimeleyo ekuhlwisweni

Esi sivumelwano safuna onke amaqela omkhosi ukuba "afake imvume" izixhobo zawo kwiminyaka emibini. Oku kwakungekokunqwenela kwezobupolitika kodwa kwafakwa kumthetho ngako kumantla Ireland Arms Decoming Act 1997 [i-'athe yamiselwa'ekugqibeleni' ngo-1998]. UmThetho waseka iKhomishoni yezizwe ngezizwe esemthethweni eDecomgaming [ICD], omiswe nguMphathi-mikhosi yemikhosi uJohn de Chaclain, onamandla okulawula, ujonga izixhobo, kwaye uqinisekisa ukulahlwa kwazo. Umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho oqhelekileyo ongaphandle ukuvumela ii-Roffat (iCD) ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezidityaniswe ngokuphikisayo.[FLT.3], obekiwe nguMphathiswano-omatilathi we-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-omstiki waseKraligiontived, u-od, u-odmiss withs .

Inkqubo yokuyeka ukuphuma yacotha yaye yazala neengxaki zobupolitika. I-IRA yaphelisa izixhobo zayo zogcino ngokupheleleyo ngo-2005, yaqinisekiswa yi-IICD kwaye yabonwa ngabefundisi abazimeleyo. Amaqela axhasayo alandela ngokucothayo, nge-UVF kunye neUDA igqibezela ukuphelisa ukugunyazisa ngo-2010. I-ICD yaphela ngokusemthethweni ngo-2011, yaye ummiselo wayo osemthethweni waphela. Noko ke, umgaqo wokuba ukuthotywa kwezixhobo kufuneka uqinisekiswe kwaye uhlale ungowona mzekelo woxolo emhlabeni wonke.

[[FLT: 0] Inkonzo ye Web ye CAIN kwi Ulster University inikeza uxwebhu olugciniweyo lweengxelo ze IICD.

Intsebenziswano yomda onqamlezileyo neBhunga labalungiseleli baseMntla-mzantsi

Esi sivumelwano sadala ulungiselelo olusemthethweni lwentsebenziswano phakathi kwe-Northern Ireland kunye neRiphabliki yase-Ireland ngeBhunga loBulungiseleli (NSMC) lomZantsi [NSLT:1]. Eli qumrhu lizisa abalungiseleli abasuka kuzo zombini imimandla enxulumeneyo ukuze kuphuhliswe iinkqubo ezinxulumeneyo ezinje ngezolimo, ezokhenketho, ezothutho, kunye nemekobume. I-NSMC imiselwe phantsi komthetho wezizwe ngezizwe ngeBritish-Irish Convention, isivumelwano esiphakathi kwe-UK ne-Irrish ne-Irland ebhalisiweyo neZizwe ezimanyeneyo. Izigqizo zisebenza kumazwe omabini, kwaye inemibutho elisisigxina neminye (njengeeeeee-InterTrandss Ireland kunye neIndereland).

Isiseko esisemthethweni se-NSMC siqinisekisa ukuba intsebenziswano enqamleza umda iyaqhubeka kungakhathaliseki ukuba kusini na ukuzinza kwezobupolitika kwamaziko ahlikihlayo. Kwanaphakathi konyaka ka-2017-2020 wokususwa kweNdibano, i-NSMC yaqhubeka idibana, nangona yayinobuninzi obunciphileyo. Emva kweBretit, i-NSMC yafumana ukubaluleka okungakumbi njengesiqalo somsebenzi wokulawula amalungiselelo akhethekileyo phantsi koMntla Ireland, ngoku i-Windsor Framework.

Okusesikweni Nokhuseleko: Indaleko Yepolitiki Nezobulungisa

Ulungelelwano Lwendaleko Nobulungisa Ngowama - 2010

Nangona iGood Wear Agreement yayinombono wokuba umkhosi kunye nobulungisa ekugqibeleni bungahlulwa, oku akwenzekanga de kube ngu12 kuTshazimpuzi 2010. noMthetho waseMntla Ireland 2009 kunye noMphathiswa weJaji ye-Dvolution 2010 udlulisele ubuchule bomthetho kumthetho phezu komthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho, iProtoliki, kunye neenkundla zeNtlanganiso ukusuka eNdibano. Ukususela ngoko, uMphathiswa weJastimensteri (omiselwe yivoti ye-omnqamlezo-o-omfo, hayi i-dt) ujonge iSebe le-Jaji, eliquka inkonzo yeNbolongo, i-Propolaydmentation procection.

Indaleko yavumela i-Northern Ireland ukuba ivumelanise inkqubo yayo yokusesikweni neemfuno zasekuhlaleni, kuquka ukudalwa kwentlangano yobulungisa emanyanisiweyo yolutsha kunye neziguqulo zokulibazisela ixesha lokugcinwa komntwana. Kwanika kwakhona ulawulo lweNdibano ngendlela elilifa eliqhutywa ngayo ityala lokucela. Noko ke, uMphathiswa weSikokeli woBulungiseleli uhlala emele aphendule iNdibano kwaye kufuneka asebenze kwimiqathango efanayo yokuvota enqamlezayo njengabanye abalungiseleli.

Ucelomngeni oluqhubekayo kunye neNguqulo yoMgaqo-siseko yasemva kweBriti

Ukutshatyalaliswa Nokunganyanyekelwa Kwezobupolitika

Ulwakhiwo olusemthethweni luye lwangqineka lunamandla kodwa lungagonyelwanga kwingxaki. INdibano kunye noMphathiswa zabekwa phantsi izihlandlo ezine phakathi kowama 2000 nowama-2007, zibuyela kumthetho ongqalileyo ovela eLondon. Ukurhoxa ngako okufunekayo kumthetho oyintloko eWestminster (uMthetho waseMntla Ireland 2000 wanikela isiseko somthetho wokususa ityala). Oku kwabalaseliswa kwemeko ende ukusuka ngoJanuwari 2017 ukuya kuJanuwari 2020, apho iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke zalawulwa khona ngabasebenzi belizwe phantsi kolwalathiso lwe-Northern Ireland. Ukungabikho kwabefundisi kwakuthetha ukuba izigqibo ezibalulekileyo, njengokunyusa irhafu okanye ukumisela umthetho omtsha, kwakungenakwenzeka. Oku kwabalase ubuthathaka kwimodeli-mandla: ukuswe kwenkqubo yokuwiswa kwesigqibo solawulo xa amaqela elwayo.

IBrexit Nomthetho - siseko waseMntla Ireland

Brexit wasungula ubunkimbinkimbi obusemthethweni obunokubonwa kwangaphambili yi-Good Freear Agreements. Imithetho yokuziphatha yasemntla Ireland , inxalenye ye-UK-EU Atdrave Active Active, ngokunempumelelo yagcina i-Ireland yaseMntla kwi-EURLAND ithengisa iimpahla, idala amasiko kunye nomda wokuhlala kuLwandle lwase-Ireland. Oku kwakufanelekile njengokukhusela i-Gook Freen Accondings's Intellignent yent nezoqoqosho lwaseMntla-South kunye noqoqo we-island. Kodwa, umthetho ophambili wakhokelela kwinkcathatho yezo zezopoliti ye-EUS, owawubona njengokonakalisa umgaqo-mgaqo-siseko womthetho wolwamGwaphulo-Arithe ukusuka kwi-Great Britain.

Ukuphendula okusemthethweni yayiyi Ifreyimu encinci (Matshi 2023), eyazisa iindlela ezintsha zokwamkela idemokhrasi kunye nolungelelwaniso lomthetho. Okubaluleke kakhulu kukuba, umsebenzi wesakhelo wadala i "Stormont Brake," ivumela iqaqobana le-MLSA ukuphakamisa ukungavumelani nemithetho emitsha ye-EU esetyenziswa kuMntla Ireland. Ngelixesha oku kwakuza kusungulwa ukubuyisela ulwelo lomanyano, oko kongeza omnye umaleko wendlela enzima esemthethweni kumalungiselelo olawulo oluntsonkothile.

Amaxwebhu oRhulumente weFamil-moya kaRhulumente achaza izivumelwano ezisemthethweni.

Iingxaki Zemfuno Nemimiselo Yasemntla Ireland (Imithetho Noxolo)

Enye yezona nkqubela zomthetho ziphambili kwiminyaka yakutshanje yayiyindlela karhulumente we-UK yokuqhubana neziphumo zeengxaki. Ngo-2023, iMiba yeMbindi Ireland (Igunya kunye ne-Conciliation) uMthetho we-Umthetho oye wagqithiswa, omisa ukumangalelwa kwexesha elizayo kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho lweziphelo ezinxulumene neengxaki (ngaphandle kweemeko ezisikelwe umda) kwaye uzithabathel'iKhomishini entsha ye-Intenisi yoluvo oluzimeleyo yoluvo kunye ne-Recovery (ICRIIIIIRI). Umthetho ucelwe lucelwe ngamaqela amaxhoba, iNIRGeneRP, kunye norhulumente wase-Ireland, othi aphazamisa i-ECHRekstrians kwidinga eliphezulu leNkulungisa iNkulwano yeNkulwano yeNkundla 20 ye-Est.

Le mpikiswano ibonisa ukuxinana okungundoqo kwilifa elisemthethweni le-Good Wear Agreement: ukulungelelanisa uxolo nozinzo nomthetho kunye namalungelo amaxhoba. Abachasi boMthetho baphikisa ngokuthi ingubo yokuxolelwa kuzo zonke kodwa igama lisithoba sonke isakhiwo esisemthethweni esakhiwe yisivumelwano. Abaxhasi bathi kubalulekile ukuzoba umgca phantsi kwenkqubo yoxolo.

Isiphelo: Isakhiwo Esisemthethweni

Isivumelwano esilungileyo soLwesihlanu sazisa olona tshintsho lunzulu olusemthethweni kuMntla Ireland ukususela ekuhlawulweni. Sadala umgaqo-siseko olawula amandla, ukulingana kunye nokukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu, inkonzo yamapolisa eguquliweyo, kunye nesakhiwo sentsebenziswano enqamlezayo exhathisa iimeko ezinzima zezobupolitika, iBrexit, kunye nezifo ezimandundundu. Ngoxa imingeni engokwasemthethweni isekhona .

Isivumelwano asiluxwebhu olumileyo. Ukwakhiwa kwaso okusemthethweni kuye kwavavanywa, kwalungiswa, kwaza kwandiswa ngezivumelwano ezingakumbi ezifana neSt Andrews (2006, Hillsborough (2010), iHouse (2014, neNdlu Entsha yeshumi elineshumi elinamashumi amathandathu, iNtsha yeNdlela yokwandiswa kwesivumelwano. Nganye yezi zivumelwano idityaniswe ngamalungiselelo amatsha asemthethweni, ukusuka ekupheliseni okusesikweni ukuya ekuqapheleni okusemthethweni ulwimi lwase-Ireland ngo-20222. I-Goll Weaunt ephumelement ingaba ingunako ukuvumelana ne----ejognome-e, ukulungiselela ukusombulula imibango yemithetho engo-20202020.