Ukuqonda Ingxaki Yokuphelelwa Ngumsebenzi

Umlinganiselo ophezulu wabafundi besikolo esiphakeme uyaqhubeka njengocelomngeni olubalulekileyo kuluntu oluseUnited States nasemhlabeni wonke. Ngokwe- Iziko lesizwe lezemfundo , malunga no 5,2% yabafundi besikolo esiphakeme bayehla ngowama-201-1222222, anamanani aphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwabafundi abasweleyo ngokwezoqoqosho kunye namaqela athile amancinane. Iziphumo zikhula ngaphezu komntu ngamnye: ukuyeka ukukhangela phambili kwingeniso ephezulu yobomi, ukungasebenzi, kunye neziphumo zempilo ezimandundu, lo gama uluntu lulahlekelwa yimveliso kunye nentlalo yentlalo.

Ukulungisa le ngxaki intsonkothileyo kufuna ukuqonda okucacileyo ngezizathu zayo eziziingcambu, ezinqabileyo. Endaweni yoko, uludwe lwezici ezinxulumeneyo lushukumisela abafundi ekuphumeni esikolweni. Ezi zinto ziquka ubunzima bezoqoqosho (iintsapho ezifuna ingeniso ekhawulezileyo), ukungadibanisi kwemfundo (okanye ukungaphumeleli ukubona ukuba kuyimfuneko), iingxaki zobuqu (impilo-ntle yentsapho, ukungazinzi, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwemiqobo), kunye nemiqobo (ukungakhuseleki koovimba bemfundo, imekobume eyingozi yesikolo, okanye ubuchule obulinganiselweyo). Ngoko ke, ukungenelelana kwebutho labantu kufuneka kube nobugxato, kuhla nobunzima obuninzi bempembelelo ngexesha elinye.

Ingxaki Yezoqoqosho Nemiphumo Yayo Ebuhlungu

Izifundo ezisuka kwiintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi zisoloko zijongene nokutya kunye nokunganqabiseki, ukungafumani nkxaso kwimpilo, kunye noxinzelelo lokubonelela ngemali. Izikolo ezikwizikolo eziphezulu zisoloko zisiba namaxabiso ambalwa, amanqanaba amakhulu, abafundisi-bafundisi abanolwazi oluninzi. Ingxelo evela kwi ASCD[1] ibonisa ukuba abafundi abasuka kwiintsapho ezisemazantsi 20% bengeniso batyekele ukuhla ngokuphindwe kathathu kunalawo aphezulu kuma-20%. Ukungena koluntu-oothethotho abaphezulu.

Ukungamkeleki

Abafundi abaninzi bayeka isikolo ngenxa yokuba beziva behlukanisiwe noqeqesho. Ababoni indlela i-algebra okanye imbali enxulumene ngayo nobomi babo bexesha elizayo kunye nomsebenzi wabo. Oku kudideka kukhulu kakhulu kwiimeko zesikolo apho abafundi bengenalulwalamano lukhulu nabantu abadala. Abafundi abaphinda-phindiweyo bafuna ukwenza ukufunda okufanelekileyo nokwakha iingingqi eziqinileyo. Emva kwemfundo yemfundo enika imisebenzi yehlabathi, imikhosi yemfazwe, kunye nokuhlola umsebenzi kuye kwaboniswa ukuba kuphucukile kwaye kukhuthazwe intyelelo.

Iingxaki Zobuqu Nezo Labantu

Isifo sengqondo, iingxaki zempilo, kunye neembopheleleko zentsapho zibalulekile kodwa zisoloko zityeshelwa ngabaqhubi abayeke ukuyeka. A [u-Substance Abugnomedism kunye ne-Mental Services Administration (SA)] amaphetshana amafutshane athi ukuchanabeka kumava abuhlungu omntwana (ACES) kunxulumene ngamandla nokuyeka kwesikolo. Iinkqubo ezisekelwe kuluntu ezinika amacebiso empilweni yengqondo, amaqela axhasa oontanga, kunye nocwangciso oluthambileyo lwabafundi abanamisebenzi yokunyamekela abanokunceda aba bafundi bagcine ezi zingingqi zikwindlela. Ukulungisa izigingqi zezobulungisa, kunokuba nengqeqesho, kusenokunciphisa ngaphandle kwe-i-eskia eyaziwayo ekulahlweni.

Uphando nobungqina bongenelelo olusekelwe kuluntu

Iqumrhu elikhulayo lophando lixhasa ukuphumelela kwendlela zoluntu ezisetyenziswayo. I-2021 meta-analysis epapashwe kwi- Journal of Educational Research[ ifumanise ukuba iinkqubo zokuthintela uluntu zikhupha iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zomlinganiselo we-0.26 (encinane ukuya kumlinganiselo), eneziphumo ezinamandla zeenkqubo ezidibanisa ulawulo, ukubotshwa kwentsapho, kunye nenkxaso yemfundo yemfundo kwiminyaka emininzi. umgaqo-National Devmout Develout Devition Center (NDC)[FLT] uchaza iinkqubo ezisebenzayo ezilishumi elinesihlanu, ezininzi ezixhomekeke kwimbutho: ukudibana kwentsapho, ukuhlanganisana, ukukhuthazana kwemfundo yabantwana, ukuxhasa ulawulo, nokungalungela kwakhona uqeqesho olunye. Ucwangciso lokuxhasa uqeqesho olukhoyo kumfundi ngamnye.

Iindlela zoluntu ezisekelwe kwi-Core

Indlela ephumelelayo yokusebenzisa imithambo ngaphaya kwenyathelo eliza kusetyenziswa lilonke kodwa endaweni yoko yenza umnatha wokhuseleko othungwe kwizinto ezininzi zoluntu. Ngapha koko kuvunyiwe ukuba amaphondo ezikolo, iingeniso, neenkokeli zasekuhlaleni zinokuwusebenzisa kunye.

Iinkqubo zobugcisa

I-Mentoriship yenye yezona zinto ziphandweyo nezinefuthe. Xa umntu omdala onenkathalo osuka ekuhlaleni enikezela kwilungu lomfundi rhoqo, intsebenziswano enye nomfundi, iingenelo ziquka ukuya kuphuculwa, ukuphumelela amanqaku aphezulu, kunye nokuthotywa komngcipheko. Iinkqubo zoqeqesho loqeqesho ziquka:

  • Ukucebisa ngemfundo esekelwe kwikholi: Iintlanganiso zenzeka esikolweni okanye emva kwemini, zisoloko zincedwa ngumfundisi- ntsapho okanye umcebisi. Ezi zilula ukuqubisana kodwa zinokuba nzulu kakhulu.
  • Ukucebisa okusekelwe kwikhommu: Abacebisi nabafundi badibana kwimimiselo yoluntu (iimvume, iipaki, iindawo zomsebenzi), ukuvumela ulwakhiwo olubanzi kunye nochaphazeleko kwimekobume ezintsha.
  • uqeqesho olugqithisileyo: Ukudibana kwabafundi kunye noogxa babo kwimisebenzi enika umdla kukhokelo kunye namathuba onxibelelwano olubonakalayo.

Iinkqubo ezifana neBig Big Showerds zibonise ukuba abafundi abaqeqeshiweyo abafane baphose isikolo yaye abafane baphoswe yiklasi. Imimandla yasekuhlaleni inokuba nenxaxheba kwimibutho ekhoyo okanye ithumele iziqeqeshi kumashishini, kwiiyunivesithi nakwiinkonzo zasekuhlaleni.

Ubandakanyeko Lwentsapho

Iintsapho zezona mpembelelo zihlala zihleli kuhambo lomntwana lwemfundo. Noko ke, ukuganana kufuneka kudlulele ngaphaya kweenkomfa zabazali noomfundisi- ntsapho. Ukuganana okuphumelelayo okusekelwe kuluntu kubandakanya:

  • Abazali abafundisayo: amashishini afundisa abazali indlela yokunceda ngomsebenzi wesikolo owenzelwa ekhaya, iinkqubo zesikolo, kunye nokuxhasa abantwana babo.
  • Iinkqubo zokutyelela ekhaya: amatsha - ntliziyo aqeqeshiweyo okanye abasebenzi besikolo batyelela iintsapho ukuze bakhe ukuthembana, babelane ngezibonelelo, kwaye baxubushe inkqubela yabafundi ngendlela entle.
  • Iikomiti zesikolo-mzi: iintlanganiso ezithe rhoqo apho abazali, ootitshala, kunye neenkokeli zoluntu zimisela izisombululo ezidibeneyo zokuphucula isikolo.

I- yesizwe PTA igxininisa ukuba xa iintsapho zithe zathe zathe zazibopha, abafundi bafumana amanqaku aphezulu, baba namava angcono okuya, kwaye banokuphumelela. Iintlangano zoLuntu zinganceda ngokulungiselela iinkonzo zoguqulelo, ukunyamekela abantwana ngexesha leentlanganiso, kunye nocwangciso oluthambileyo lokuhlalisa abazali abasebenzayo.

Iinkqubo Zomva- Wesandi

Emva kweeyure zesikolo lixesha elinzima kubafundi. Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo, abaninzi babuyela kumakhaya angenanto okanye kwindawo engqongileyo engakuxhasi ukufunda. Iinkqubo zasemva kwesikolo zinika umxube wenkxaso yemfundo (umfundisi-mfundo, uncedo lomsebenzi wesikolo), ubutyebi (iingcebiso, imidlalo), umculo, kunye nokuphuhliswa kolutsha (ulawulo, ubumi). Uphando olusuka kwi Wallace Foundation[[] lubonisa ukuba iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zisebenza kakuhle, ziyasabela kakuhle, kwaye zinxulumene nolwakhiwo lwesikolo.

Imibutho yoluntu ingaqhuba ezi nkqubo kwiindawo zesikolo, amathala eencwadi, okanye amaziko oluntu. Olona manyano lunempumelelo lulungelelanisa imisebenzi yasemva kwesikolo kunye neemfuno kunye nezilangazelelo zabafundi, umzekelo, ukunikezela ngee-comping compling kwimimandla yobugcisa okanye iimfundo zokulima kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Emva kweenkqubo zesikolo zikwanikezela ngeqonga lenkxaso yempilo yengqondo, uphando lomsebenzi, kunye nokufunda ngoluntu.

Umanyano nentlangano zasekuhlaleni

Izikolo azinakucombulula olu celomngeni zodwa. Ukusebenzisana namashishini, iinzuzo, amaqela okholo, kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente kwandisa ubuncwane kunye nobuchule.

  • Iinkomfa zemfundo yeshishini:[ amashishini asekuhlaleni anika iinqanawa ezidibeneyo, umsebenzi obonisa isithunzi, kunye nezithethi ezityeleleyo, ngelixesha enika inkxaso yemali kwiinkqubo.
  • Ingeniso kunye nentsebenziswano esekelwe kukholo: Intlangano enjenge Boys & IiClubs kunye neecawa zasekuhlaleni zingafumana uqeqesho, iinkqubo zokutya, kunye neenkampu zasehlotyeni.
  • Umanyano olungangqinelaniyo: Ikholeji zingafumana amavolontiya afundisayo nacebisa, aqhube uphando oluphathekayo lwenkqubo, anikezele amava angaphambili kubafundi kukholeji.

Ukuququzelelana kuyinto enzima. Umbutho woluntu oyekile ukukhusela uluntu, ngezantsi apho abameli becandelo ngalinye badibana rhoqo,

Iinkqubo zokulumkisa zangaphambili nolwahlulo logcino-lwazi

Ukukhusela kuluncedo kakhulu kunokufumana unyango. Indlela ezisekelwe kuluntu zingaqiniswa ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezilumkisayo ezibonisa abafundi abangekhoyo enyangeni enye benokuyeka ukusebenzisa izilumkiso ezifana nesokuya, ukuziphatha, kunye nesokufunda (ABCs). Xa izikolo kunye namaqabane oluntu abelana ngogcino-lwazi (nokhuseleko lwangasese), banokujolisa kubafundi abafuna uncedo oluninzi. Umzekelo, umfundi ohambayo enyangeni enokuthi afumane ukutyelelwa ekhaya ligosa elingumsebenzi woluntu, lo gama umfundi ofumana amacandelo ephuthile emva kokufundisa kwesikolo. [[FLT] [FLT] [FLT] [G:1] kwiinkqubo zesilumkiso esiphambili se-GPGPGRANS [udiation ne-Freast prosoluest) iinkqubo zesilumkiso sangaphambili semimandla emininzi ehla kwimibutho yoluntu.

Isalathisi somsebenzi: Ukusuka kwiSicwangciso ukuya kwiNkxaso

Ukusuka kwingcamango ukuya kuqhelisela kufuneka inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo, elungiselelwe uluntu. Nasi isakhiwo esiye sasebenza kuluntu lonke.

Inyathelo lesi-1: Uluntu lufuna uhlolo

Uphando kunye nengqwalasela kubafundi, iintsapho, abafundisi-lwazi, neenkokeli zoluntu. Qonda iingxelo zenani lasekuhlaleni, iziphumo zonyaka, iziphumo zonyaka, iziphumo zomsebenzi wesikolo, kunye noncedo lwezonyango lwengqondo.

Inyathelo 2: Yakha Intsingiselo

Yenza ikomiti yokuqhuba nabameli bezikolo, urhulumente wasekuhlaleni, iinzuzo, amashishini, uluntu olunamalungu okholo, yaye eyona nto ibalulekileyo, abafundi neentsapho. Lo mnqoqo kufuneka ube nothumo olwahlukeneyo, ulwakhiwo olucacileyo, kunye nonxibelelwano oluthe rhoqo.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Ingenelelo loyilo

Khetha iindlela ezisekelwe kubungqina ezihambelana neemfuno zoluntu kunye nezinto. Kuphephe umgangatho omnye wendlela yokungena. Kuluntu lwasemaphandleni olunezithuthi zikawonke-wonke ezibuthathaka, inkqubo yokuqeqesha iselula inokuba luncedo kakhulu kuneseziko lasemva kwesikolo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungenelelo luyamkeleka ngokwenkcubeko kwaye lufumaneka ngeelwimi ezininzi ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Inyathelo lesi-4: INgxowa-mali eKhuselekileyo kunye nezibonelelo

Imali isenokufumaneka kwiminikelo yemali karhulumente (1st Century Community Learning Centers, iSihloko I), urhulumente kunye nezabelo zasekuhlaleni, iminikelo yokunikela ngentsebenziswano, kunye neminikelo yohlobo loncedo evela kumaqabane. Imimandla emininzi iye yasebenzisa ngempumelelo imodeli yempembelelo edibeneyo, iqokelela ubuncwane ukuxhasa iinkqubo zexesha elide. Kubalulekile ukwakha ubuchule bokuzithandela ngokuqeqesha nokuqaphela.

Inyathelo lesi-5: Ukuzalisekiswa kobunyani kunye nokuguquka

Qokelela iinkqubo kuludwe, uqala ngomqhubi wenqwelo-moya. Ukuphunyezwa kobuchule ngokusondeleyo kwaye ukulungele ukuvisisana nempendulo. Umzekelo, inkqubo yoqeqesho ingafuna ukulungelelanisa amaxesha okuvumelana ukuze kuhlaziywe ngawo okanye inike abafundi abangakwaziyo ukudibana nabo.

Inyathelo 6: Ukuqalisa Nokusebenzisa Izixhobo

Iziphumo ezifana nokuqukunjelwa kwendlela, ukugqitywa kwesifundo, izalathiso zesimilo, kunye namanani okuphumelela. Sebenzisa zombini ugcino-lwazi olubalwayo namabali aphezulu avela kubafundi nakwientsapho. Kwabelana ngeziphumo noluntu ukuze ulondoloze uqhubeko nenkxaso eqhubekayo. Uhlolo lwamaxesha onke lukwanceda ukufumanisa ukuba ziziphi na iinxalenye ezisebenzayo nezifanele zandiswe.

Iingxaki Nezicombululo

Kwanezona ndlela zisekwe kakuhle ezisekelwe kuluntu zijongene nemiqobo. Ukuvuma ezi zijikeleziso kuvumela abantu ukuba bazicebele ngokuqhubekayo.

Ukunqongophala Kwemali

Iinkqubo ezininzi zixhomekeke kwimiqathango efumaneka ngexesha elifutshane okanye kukhuphiswano. Izikolo kunye neenzuzo ezingezizo zisoloko zingenazo abasebenzi ababhala izibonelelo kunye nokulawula iimfuno zokunika ingxelo. Ukukhulula: inkxaso-mali ekhoyo, kuquka iinqanawa zoshishino zasekuhlaleni, ukuphanga, ukudibanisa, kunye nomanyano lwasekuhlaleni.

Ukuphelelwa Nokudinwa Ngokuzithandela

Ukubuyisela nokugcina amavolontiya oqeqesho, uqeqesho, kunye neenkqubo zesikolo zasemva konyaka lucelomngeni olungasoze luphele. Amavolontiya angalahlekelwa lukhuthazo ukuba akaboni ziphumo ezikhawulezileyo okanye aziva engaxhaswanga. Ukukhulula: Ukunikezela ngoqeqesho, iziganeko zokwazisa, kunye nezibophelelo zexesha eliguqukayo. Sebenzisa abafundi basekholeji, abaphumileyo, kunye neenkqubo zabasebenzi bokuzithandela. Ukunikezela ngenkozo okanye ityala lenkonzo kumatsha - ntliziyo omde xa kunokwenzeka.

Iingxaki zokulungelelanisa

Xa imibutho emininzi isebenza ngokwayo, iintsapho zingafumana imiyalezo engqubanayo okanye ziwele kwimiqheba. UKUHLULA: umlawuli webutho loluntu okanye utyumbe umbutho okhokelayo olawula ii-arhente kunye netyala. Sebenzisa iinkqubo ze data ezabelanayo (ngemvume) ukuze onke amaqabane abone ulwazi olunye lomfundi. Iintlanganiso zengingqi zikha ukuthembana nokuphendula.

Ukuxhathisa Ukuguquka

Abanye abalawuli besikolo okanye abafundisi- ntsapho basenokungakukholelwa ukubandakanywa kuluntu, ukoyika ukuphulukana nolawulo okanye umsebenzi owongezelelekileyo. Iintsapho zisenokuthandabuza ukuba zibe namava angalunganga ngaphambili kwizikolo. Isisombululo: [ Isiqalo ngempumelelo encinci, ebonakalayo, njengempumelelo kubusuku okanye isiganeko soxabiso. Yakha ulwalamano omnye ngexesha.

Amabali Aphumelelayo Entsimi

Imizekelo yehlabathi yokwenene ibonisa oko kunokwenzeka xa uluntu lumanyane emva kwabafundi balo.

Ukufundwa Kwetyala: Ibhunga Lomanyano Lomhlaba OseOakland

E-Oakland, eKhalifoniya, umnqophiso wezikolo, ingeniso, kunye namasebe asezixekweni asungula i- “IBhunga Elingenabudlelane” ukucombulula ukungabikho okungapheliyo kunye nomlinganiselo wokuyeka. Basebenzisa iqonga elinogcino-lwazi ukufanisa abafundi nabangekho rhoqo nabaqhubi benqanawa abaqeshiweyo bengingqi basekuhlaleni. /_Baqeqesha abazali kunye nabemi basekuhlaleni . /ukutyelela ekhaya. Kwiminyaka emithathu, ukurhoxa kwamalungu athe qho emkhosini ahla ngama-25%, kwaye umlinganiselo wokuphumelela kwemfundo wanyuka ngamanqaku ali-10. Ucwangciso lwagxininisa ukuthobeka ngokwesithethe nokuxhasa izakhiwo, ukutya, kunye nokhuseleko lwezempilo, hayi nje iinkcuba.

Isifundo Setyala: Iindlela Zomsebenzi - ngqangi ZaseIndiya Zasemaphandleni

Isikolo sesithili sase-Indiana sasemaphandleni esinamaqabane abenzi basekuhlaleni, ikholeji yoluntu, kunye neofisi eyongezelelweyo yengingqi yommandla ukuze kwenziwe inkqubo yeMsebenzi wePatways. Abafundi babenokufumana iziqinisekiso zokunika iziqinisekiso kwimida, kuncedo lwasebesebesebe, nakwi-IT xa besekwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Ucwangciso lwaluquka ukuhlawulwa kwenqanawa kunye nomphathi-mbutho weshishini. Amanani okuyeka ukuphumelela ayehla ukusuka ku 8% ukuya ku 3% ngaphezu kweminyaka emine.

Izifundo Ezifundiweyo

  • [[FLT: 0] Imisebenzi eqinisekisiweyo: icebo elikhawulezayo alifane lisebenze. Oakland ne Indiana zaxhasa inyathelo lazo kangangeminyaka emine okanye ngaphezulu.
  • Bobabini iinkqubo zifuna igalelo kubafundi kwaye zilungiswe ngokusekelwe kwimpendulo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] I-Data iqhuba izigqibo: rhoqo ukulandelela ubukho kunye nokuganana kwanceda ugcino lwento.
  • [[UMTL:0] Incopho yeqonga: Ukuqaphela unyuselo lwabekho, imisebenzi egqityiweyo, kunye nokuphumelela kwagcina wonke umntu ekhuthazekile.

Isiphelo

Ukuhlisa amaqondo okuyeka asiyongxaki izikolo ezinokuyicombulula zizodwa. Kufuna ukuzimisela koluntu ngokubanzi ukusonga wonke umfundi inkxaso ayifunayo ```inkxaso engokweemvakalelo, ngokweemvakalelo, ngemisebenzi, kunye ne-enzame. Iindlela ezisekelwe kuluntu, xa zenziwe ngomanyano kwaye zixhaswa ngenjongo, zingaguqula ukuququzelelwa kwengingqi ziphela. Ubungqina bucacile: uqeqesho, ukubophelela kwentsapho, iinkqubo zesikolo, kunye nokunxulumana okunamandla nemibutho yasekuhlaleni kuvelisa inzuzo esebenzisekayo ekuzinzeleni nasekuphumeleleni kwabafundi.

Umsebenzi awukhawulezi okanye awulula. Kufuneka ulwele ukudibana kwezithuba zemali, ukudibanisa amacandelo, kunye nokwakha ukuthemba apho kusenokuba kwaphulwa khona. Kodwa umvuzo ``isizukulwana sabafundi abaphumelele ngobuchule, intembelo, kunye nethemba(ukufanele yonke imigudu. Uluntu ngalunye luneempahla zokuzenza inguqulelo. Inyathelo lokuqala kukuhlanganisa abantu, ukuphulaphula, nokuthatha inyathelo.