Unyulo luyindawo ephantsi kolawulo lwedemokhrasi, enceda abemi ukuba babumbe urhulumente wabo baze bagcine iinkokeli ziphendulile. Ngoxa ingcamango engundoqo yokuvota isenokubonakala ilula, iingcangca, imithetho, kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa amagama angqongileyo ingaba nzima. Olu khokelo luqhawula amagama onyulo neengqiqo ezibalulekileyo, lunika isiseko esiqinileyo nabani na ofuna ukuqonda okanye onenxaxheba kwinkqubo yokukhetha. Nokuba ungumvoti wexesha lokuqala, umfundi, okanye umfundisisisifundo sobuhlanga, ukwazi ukuqhuba na umjikelezo wokhetho ngentembelo.

Luyintoni Ukhetho?

Kulunyulo olulula, yinkqubo esesikweni apho iqela labantu livota ukukhetha umntu kwiofisi kawonke-wonke okanye ukugqiba kumbuzo wenkqubo. Unyulo luyinkqubo yokuqala yokuguqulela abantu abaqhelekileyo ekuza kulawula abameli. Zibakho kumgangatho ngamnye karhulumente //urhulumente, urhulumente, kunye nommandla, kwaye zingabandakanya iiofisi enye, izihlalo ezininzi kwibhunga okanye kwibhodi, okanye izigqibo ezingqalileyo kwimithetho kunye nemithetho egqwethekileyo.

Ingcamango yonyulo yaqala kumawaka eminyaka. I-Athene yamandulo yaqhelisela uhlobo lwedemokhrasi engqalileyo apho abemi beRiphabliki yamaRoma bavota ekwasemthethweni, ngoxa iRiphabliki yanyula amagosa anjengee-console kunye nee-seneta. Idemokhrasi zale mihla zavela ngenkulungwane ye-18, ngokungakumbi ngokusekwa kwenkqubo yoMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States wabameli abanyuliweyo. Namhlanje, unyulo lungumgangatho wehlabathi lonke, nangona benobulungisa, ukufikelela, kunye nengqibelelo yabo yahluka kakhulu kumazwe nemimandla.

Unyulo lungahlelwa kwiindidi ezininzi ezibanzi:

  • .Cudida unyulo: Abachongi bakhetha abantu abaza kuba nesikhundla sikawonke-wonke (umz., umongameli, irhuluneli, usodolophu, ilungu lebhodi yesikolo).
  • umlinganiselo wonyulo : iivoter zigqiba ngqo kwimithetho ecetyiweyo, iinguqu zomgaqo-siseko, okanye iinkqubo zikawonke-wonke ngokugqithisa okanye ukuthatha amanyathelo.
  • Iparty unyulo lwangaphakathi: amaqela ezobupolitika aqhuba amaprime okanye amasumesi ukukhetha ii-amnemones zabo ukwenzela unyulo jikelele.
  • yenza unyulo : Ivoters zingasusa igosa elinyuliweyo kwisikhundla phambi kokuba liphele igama, inkqubo ekhoyo kwezinye iindawo.

Amagama Angundoqo Kukhetho

Ubhaliso lweVoter

Ukubhalisa komnxeba yinkqubo apho abemi be-opera befanelekela ukubhalisa kwivoti. E-United States, imithetho yokubhalisa imiswe ngokuyintloko ngumthetho karhulumente, ikhokelela kumahluko obalulekileyo kwiinkqubo, iindlela, kunye neemfuno. Amaphondo amaninzi ngoku anika ubhaliso lwe-intanethi, ukubhalisa ngosuku olunye (ukuvumela ubhaliso kuSuku Lokhetho), kunye nobhaliso oluzenzekelayo xa unxulumana nenqwelo-moto okanye amaqumrhu enkonzo yoluntu. Ii-data zogcino-data zikwasetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuvota, ukugcina iirolote ezichanekileyo, nokukhusela ukuphindaphindwa okanye ukuvota okunga. Kubalulekile ukuvavanya imiqathango ethile yobhaliso yemo phambi kokhetho ngalunye.

Ibhola

Ibhola yovota iphakathi . . kwaye iquka ii-colot, ezibhalwe ngumvoti kwimiba yabo. Imibala yephepha ihlala ingundo eqheleke kakhulu neyokuqinisekiswa, ngelixesha oomatshini bokuvota be-electronic besetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi. Iibhola zoluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwabachongi be-ofisi nganye, neenketho zokuvota kwiqela okanye umntu ngamnye. Zikwaquka ii-metho zovolothi, eziyimibuzo kwimithetho ecetyisiweyo okanye ii-amperation. Umyili webhola yebhola ekhatywayo uyakwazi ukuphazamisa ukuziphatha kovota; ukudisana okanye “iziphumo zomyalelo ze-ballot" (apho abadweliqalayo bafumana ulwando olunolwandisiweyo) ziyagqalwa. Amajelo amaninzi anika iibhola zokulinganisa kwikhompyutha phambi konyulo lokulungiselela uvotelsa.

Indawo Yokungcolisa

Indawo yokuvota yindawo ephathekayo apho abavoti befaka khona iibhola zokhetho ngoSuku loNnyulo. Iindawo zokubhenela zidla ngokwabelwa yibala elikwingingqi("indawo esezantsi yengingqi okanye isixeko" kwaye zisoloko zibekwe kwizikolo, amaziko oluntu, iicawa, okanye izakhiwo zikarhulumente. Ukufumaneka kuyinto engundoqo: umthetho wengingqi ufuna ukuba iindawo zokuvota zifikeleleke ukuze zivote ngemilwe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, eminye imimandla iye yahlanganisa iindawo zokuhlahlela, nto leyo ekhokelela kwinkxalabo malunga nemigca emide, ingakumbi kuluntu abambalwa.

Ukuthunyelwa kweposi kunye nokukhutshwa

Uvota lwasedolophini luvumela umvoti ukuba akhuphe ivoti yakhe ngeposi okanye alahle ibhokisi kunokuba avele kumntu ngeMini yoNnyulo. Ngokwesiko, ukuvota okungekhoyo kufuna ingxengxezo (umz., ukuba ngaphandle kwedolophu, ukugula, okanye inkonzo yasemkhosini). Noko ke, amaphondo amaninzi aye atshintshela “kukungabikho kovoti okanye unyulo lwayo yonke iposi, apho bonke abavoti ababhalisweyo bafumana ibhola ngeposi ngokuzenzekelayo. Uvota lweposi luye lwakhula ngokuphawulekayo, ngokukodwa ngexesha lobhubhani we-COVID, kwaye luhlala luyingxoxo malunga nokhuseleko nokuzinzisa. Ukuqinisekisa, amarheli, asebenzisa utyikityo lwe-codenti, imiqathango ye-posi, kunye neminye imiqathango yokuqinisekisa ibhola.

IElectoral College

I-Electoral College yinkqubo eyodwa apho i-United States ikhetha umongameli wayo nesekela lomongameli wayo. Imiswe kuMgaqo-siseko, inikezela inani ngalinye labanyuli elilingana nomelo lwayo olupheleleyo kwiCongress (Indlu + Cathenal). ISithili saseColumbia sifumana abanyuli abathathu. I-Voterss ayikhethi ngqo umongameli; ivota ireleti yabanyuli abathenjiweyo. Umbaleki omkhulu wevoti (270 ukusuka ku 538) uzuza i-Congrescial. Le nkqubo ingenza umvuzo ongawineli ongayiphumeleliyo kwivoti yodumo oluthandwayo lwesizwe, njengoko kwenzeka ngo-2016, kwaye unyulo-okhiwodwa oluninzi. I-Elector Collegel uhlala ehleli kwintloko yempikiswano eqhubekayo kunye neyo.

I-Precist ne-Ward

Ingingqi yeyona ndawo incinci yolawulo lonyulo. Iqonga ngalinye linendawo yokuvota ekhethekileyo kunye neseti yabavoti ababhalisiweyo. Amagumbi eewadi ngawona makhulu aphakathi kwesixeko okanye iphondo, ngokufuthi aqulathe amabala amaninzi. Ugcino-lwazi olukwimigangatho emininzi lubalulekile ekuhlalutyeni iipakethi zovotelo, ukujika, kunye notyekelo lwamanani abantu. Amagosa okhetho asebenzisa imida ye-ofisi elawula ushicilelo olufana noshicilelo lwebholoti, izabelo zabasebenzi bokuvota, kunye nokubala.

Gerrymandering

Gerrymandering ngumsebenzi wokuzoba imida yesithili sonyulo ukuxhasa iqela elinye lezobupolitika okanye iqela ngaphezu kwelinye. Eli gama likwiwaka linamakhulu asibhozo aneshumi elinesibini xa iGaventi yeMassachusetts Elbridge Gerry yasayina icebo lokubomvu isithi emile njengesamarander. IGerymander ingasetyenziswa uku- “markick” (isiqalo) ukulwa nevoti echaseneyo kwimimandla emininzi ukuze zingakheke uninzi, okanye“ zikwazi ukuwajikijela kwisithili elinye ukuhlisa impembelelo yazo kwenye indawo. Iinkundla ziye zenza umthetho wokuba i-Garryman eninzi engaqhubekiyo, kodwa imilinganiselo esemthethweni ishiyekile ikhuphiwe. I-conventicodenting kwinjongo ethile yokunciphisa i-gerrymerman.

Ukuphuma

IVoterteout yipesenti yabavoti abafanelekileyo abafaka iibhola kunyulo. I-Turnout iyahluka-hluka ngohlobo lonyulo: unyulo lomongameli luye lwatsala unyulo oluphezulu (kufutshane nama-60% abavoti abafanelekileyo e-U.S.), ngoxa phakathi kunye nonyulo lwasekuhlaleni lusoloko lubona amanani asezantsi kakhulu (40% okanye ngaphantsi). Ii-Demographics ezifana nobudala, ingeniso, imfundo, kunye nohlanga ziphembelela ngamandla. Imigudu yonyuso-out iquka ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, ukubhalisa, kunye namaphulo emfundo yoluntu. Unyuko oluphezulu lonyuko ludla ngokuthathwa njengomqondiso wedemokhrasi ephilileyo.

Ilizwe lokutsala kunye nombuso wedabi

Imeko ejinga-jingayo (okanye imeko yedabi lomhlaba) yimeko apho omabini amaqela amakhulu anamathuba okwenyaniso okuphumelela kunyulo lomongameli. Ngenxa ye-Electoral College, abaza kunikela ingqalelo kwimithombo yemali ```````````````Izikhundla ezikhuselekileyo''''', umzekelo, California' ye Democrates, Oklahomas,' yephondo, iphulo-okthoba'. Ukujolisa amaphondo okuphakamisa okufumana ukhuphiko-khuphiswano okungakhokelela kwiinkqubo ezinceda abo bantu ngokungeyo ngeliyo.

Iintlobo Zokhetho

Unyulo ngokubanzi

Unyulo jikelele lulunyulo lokugqibela, olucwangcisiweyo rhoqo lokuzalisa ii-ofisi zikawonke-wonke. E-United States, unyulo jikelele lwenzeka ngoLwesibini lokuqala emva koMvulo wokuqala ngoNovemba. Lo mhla wamiselwa yiBhunga ngo-1845 ukuhlalisa ibutho le-agrayan (livumela uhambo emva kokuvuna kodwa phambi kobusika). Unyulo ngokubanzi lugqiba ukuba ngubani oza kuba nesikhundla ukwenzela ixesha elizayo. Bakwagqiba kwakhona iziphumo zemilinganiselo yebholaot kunye nokupheliswa komgaqo-siseko. Iziphumo ziqinisekiswa ngurhulumente namagosa onyulo lwengingqi, kwaye abaphumelele bathatha iofisi kumhla omiselweyo, ngokufuthi ngoJanuwari.

UKhetho lweFonti

Unyulo oluphambili lukhuphiswano oluthabatha inxaxheba olusetyenziswa ukukhetha umtyunjwa weqela ngalinye ukwenzela unyulo jikelele. Kukho iintlobo eziliqela zeprimrivery:

  • Ivalekile isiseko : kuphela abavoti ababhaliswe neqela abanokuvota kumxholo weqela.
  • uvula isiqu [: iivota zingakhetha ukuvota kwintloko yombutho, nokuba kutheni ubhaliso lwawo.
  • Semi-open yokuqala: Abavoti abangakhutshwanga bangathatha inxaxheba nakweliphi na iqela eliphambili, kodwa amalungu eqela kufuneka avote kowawo.
  • Ngaphezulu-bini iziqu eziphambili: Bonke abavotelwa bavela kwivoti enye; abavoti ababini abaphezulu baqhubela phambili kunyulo jikelele, kungakhathaliseki ukuba liliphi iqela.

Izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zinokuba nokhuphiswano oluphezulu kwaye zidla ngokubonakalisa ukwahlukana kweengcamango phakathi kwamaqela. Ukuvuleka kwemiba yabantwana kusezantsi kakhulu kunokhetho oluqhelekileyo, ithetha ukuba isiseko esincinane kodwa esinempembelelo enzulu sinokuba nempembelelo enkulu.

UKhetho oluSigxina

Kubizwa unyulo olukhethekileyo ukuze kugcwaliswe iindawo ezingalindelekanga eziofisini ezinjengendlu yabameli, izindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente, okanye iindawo zasekuhlaleni. Zikwasenzeka xa isicelo sokukhumbula sibangela ivoti. Unyulo olukhethekileyo ludla ngokuba neziganeko eziphantsi zokujika, kodwa lunokuba neziphumo ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo, njengokususa umlinganiselo wamandla kwigumbi lowiso-mthetho. Zicwangciswe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa umelo.

UKhetho lokuPhuma

Kwimimandla emininzi, ukuba akukho mvotelwa wamkela uninzi (ngaphezu kwama-50%) kunyulo oluphambili okanye oluqhelekileyo, unyulo lokubaleka lubanjelwe phakathi kwabaqhubi ababini abaphezulu. Unyulo luqhelekile kumaphondo asemazantsi nakwimilo engeyoyapartistan. Bangaba nexabiso elininzi kwaye bakhokelele ekudinweni okungakumbi. Amanye amazwe amkele uvoti-choota olucelweyo (ebizwa ngokuba luvotiwe ngokukhawuleza) ukuphelisa imfuneko yokubaleka ngokwahlukeneyo ngokuvumela abaquququzeleli bemi bovoti kwaye ngoko abarhoxiweyo barhola abarhoxiweyo de kufike kwisininzi.

IiReferendem kunye nezinyathelo eziphambili

Ezi ziintlobo zedemokhrasi ezingqalileyo ezivumela abavoti ukuba bagqibe imibuzo yezomgaqo-nkqubo.

  • [[FLT: 0] Referendem: Umlinganiselo obhekiswe kubavoti yindlu yowiso-mthetho okanye ngesicelo sobumi. Isenokuba yivoti kumthetho odlulisiweyo osandul' ukudluliswa, icela abavoti ukuba bawuvumele okanye bawugatye.
  • [[UTLL:0] I-Intitive: Inkqubo apho abemi benokuthi bamisele imithetho emitsha okanye utshintsho lomgaqo-siseko ngokuqokelela inani elifunekayo lotyikityo kwisicelo. Ukuba utyikityo lwanele luqinisekisiwe, umlinganiselo uvela kwivoti yebhola ukwenzela ukuvota ngqo.

Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumaphondo anjengeKhalifoniya, i-Oregon, neColorado. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi amanyathelo angaqweqweqwe ngenxa yemfuno elungileyo kwaye angenza imithetho engekho ngqiqweni; abaxhasi bawajonga njengendlela yokuhlola kwizindlu zowiso-mthetho ezingasabeliyo.

Inkqubo Yokuvelisa Iigesi

Ukuqonda inyathelo ngalinye kunokunceda abavoti baphephe imigibe eqhelekileyo baze bazive beqinisekile ukuba banenxaxheba.

  1. Ubhaliso ku Vote: Qinisekisa ukuba uyafaneleka kwaye bhalisa ngexesha elimisiweyo lengingqi yakho. Jonga ubume bobhaliso kwi-intanethi ukuba akuqinisekanga.
  2. Uphando lwamaCandidate kunye namaqondo eBallot: Funda iindawo zabahlohli, iirekhodi, kunye neerekhodi zomkhondo. Kwimilinganiso yebhola, funda isishwankathelo esisemthethweni kunye nayo nayiphi na inkcazo ezizimeleyo. Isikhokelo sobuNonpartin sifumaneka kwimithombo efana noManyano lwaMantokazi Voters.
  3. Khetha indlela yakho yokuvota: Khetha ukuba uvote kumntu ngoSuku lokhetho, ngexesha lokuvota kwangethuba, okanye ngeposi (urhoxiso). Indlela nganye inemithetho yayo nexesha elimisiweyo. Cela iposi ibhola yokuvota kwangaphambili ukuba ukhetha oko.
  4. [[UMTLL: 0] Phendula Indawo Yakho Yokubeka okanye Ibhokisi Epholeyo: Ukuba uvota umntu, qinisekisa indawo yakho yokuvota eyabelweyo, njengoko ingatshintsha phakathi konyulo. Amazwe amaninzi anikela izixhobo zokukhangela kwi Internet. Ukuvota kweposi, fumana indawo esemthethweni yokulahla ibhokisi ukuba ukhetha ukuhambisa ibhola yakho ngesandla.
  5. [[FLT: 0] Cela i Ballot yakho[FLT: 1]: Landela imiyalelo ngocoselelo. Kwiphepha lomba, gcwalisa kwi ovals okanye amaqampu ngokupheleleyo. Kwimatshini yokuvota, hlola ukhetho lwakho phambi kokuba ukhuphe. Ukuba wenza impazamo, cela umvoteli webhola entsha. Iibhola zolungiselelo zikhona ukuba kukho umbuzo malunga nobunyani bakho; ezi zizakubalwa emva kokuba uqinisekisiwe.
  6. [[NTL: 0] Track Yonu Ballot (Ukuba Imisebenzi Yeposi): Amatyala amaninzi akunika iinkonzo zokulandelela iibhola ezikwenza wazi xa ibhola yakho yamkelekile, yamkelekile, kwaye ibalwe. Ukuba ibhola yakho ikhatyiwe (umz., ngenxa yotyikityo oludityanisiweyo) unokuba nethuba lokuyi “zilungisa” ngokunika uchazo olongezelelekileyo.
  7. Linda iziphumo: Ubusuku bokhetho busoloko buvelisa iziphumo ezingekho semthethweni, kodwa isatifiketi esisemthethweni singathatha iintsuku okanye iiveki ngenxa yokulungiselela iposi, uhlolo lweplanga, kunye nengxelo. Iziphumo ezisemthethweni ziqinisekiswa ngurhulumente okanye ziibhodi zonyulo.

Ukuqonda Imithetho Yonyulo

Imithetho yokhetho imisela imithetho kuzo zonke inkalo zenkqubo yonyulo, ukusuka kubani ukubala ukubala njani. Le mithetho iyahluka ngokuphawulekayo ngokorhulumente kwaye inokutshintsha unyaka nonyaka. Imimandla engundoqo iquka:

  • Iimfuno ze-ID zeVotier: Amanye amatyala afuna abavoti ukuba banike i-ID yefoto (umz., ilayisensi yokuqhuba, ipasipoti) kuvolo. Abanye bamkela ii-imodeli ezingeyo-photo okanye bavumele abavoti ukuba batyikitye i-affidavit. Uhlolo lubandakanya ukhuseleko lonyulo ngokufikelela. Uphando lubonisa ukuba imithetho ye-ID engqongqo inganciphisa ukurhoxa phakathi kwabambalwa naphakathi kwengeniso ephantsi.
  • Irejistation Deadlines: Imigca efileyo isuka kuSuku lokhetho (lolunye usuku lubhaliso) ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ngaphambili. I-United States enobhaliso lwamini olunye idla ngokuba nonyuso oluphezulu.
  • Imali e-: Imithetho ilawula indlela abathe bafumana imali ngayo kunye namaqela angaphandle anokunyusa nokuyisebenzisa. IKhomishini yoNqulo lweFederal (FEC) yongamela amaphulo karhulumente. Imali yobumnyama ixhonywa ngamaqela angatyhili bani na abanikeliyo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo ihlala iyimbambano yengxabano. Isigqibo se-Citizens United[ (20) ivumela ukuba ingeniso ezimeleyo isetyenziswe ngamashishini namaqumrhu.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukhuseleko lokhetho: Imilinganiselo iquka ugcino-lwazi lwephepha, uphicotho-zincwadi lwasemva kokhetho, kunye nemithetho elandelwayo yekhompyutha yoomatshini bokuvota. IKhomishini ye-EUFUMCOS (EAC) inika izikhokelo, kodwa uzalisekiso lushiyelwe kumanqaku.
  • Iprojekthi yebhola yentsimbi : Ukuba igama lomvoti alikho kwiiroli, okanye ukuba akukho -ID efunekayo, bangaphosa i-oilboot. Kubalwa kuphela emva kokuba unyulo luqinisekisiwe.

Ukuqonda imithetho ekhethekileyo yelizwe lakho kubalulekile. Imithombo efana neNgqungquthela yeSizwe yoMgaqo-siseko (NCSL) kunye neKhomishini yoNcedo ye-U.S. inika ulwazi oluzinzileyo.

Indima Yemibhiyozo Yezobupolitika

Amaqela ezobupolitika afuna ukuphembelela urhulumente ngokunyulwa kwamalungu awo esikhundleni. E-United States, amacandelo amabini aphambili `Democratic kunye neRiphabliki/i-dominete', nangona amaqela esithathu (umz., iLibertibarian, Green, umGaqo-siseko) akwanjalo. Amarhafu anceda ekuququzeleni amaphulo, ekuphuhliseni imigangatho, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuvota. Akwasebenzisa amagumbi okulawula ukukhetha ama-amneimanine. I-party Convention isoloko isebenza njengesikhokelo esifutshane sonyuso sokuguqula abantu, kodwa agxeka ukuba angadibanisela ekucingeni ngokwawo okanye ekulaleni kwelizwe.

Amaqela ezobupolitika awakhankanywa kumGaqo-siseko wase-U.S. Avela ngokwezinto eziphilayo kuma-1790 kunye namaFederalist kunye nama-Democratic-Republicans. Namhlanje, amaqela alawulwa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zawo zokuqokelela kunye nezopolitiko. Amazwe amaninzi afuna abavoti ukuba babhalise njengelungu leqela ukuze babe nenxaxheba kwilungu eliphambili lelo qela.

Indlela Yokuzilungiselela Ukhetho

Ukulungiselela kwahlula umvoti onolwazi komnye oqhelekileyo. Nawa amanyathelo asebenzayo ukufumana unyulo- olulungiselweyo:

  • Jonga ubhaliso lwakho ubuncinane inyanga phambi konyulo. Qinisekisa idilesi yakho, idityaniswe nendawo yokuvota.
  • Jonga ibhola yokulinganisa ibhola yebhola. Inkoliso yamazwe akwindawo edlulileyo isampuli yebhola kwilayini ye Internet iiveki ezimbalwa phambi koSuku lokhetho. Funda imigca nemilinganiselo ezakuvela kwibhola yakho.
  • uphando oluthathelwe ingqalelo ngaphandle kwezibhengezo zentelekelelo zikamabonwakude kunye nee-media zezentlalo. Jonga kwii-website ezicelayo, iingxoxo, kunye nezikhokelo zovoti abangezozo iparatis. Cinga ngeemvume ezivela kwimibutho enedumekileyo, kodwa yiba noluvo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ngaphantsi komlinganiselo webhola ejikelezayo . Ezi zisoloko zinde kwaye zinzima. Funda umbhalo opheleleyo, kunye neempikiswano eziqukuqelayo. Lumkela ulwimi olulahlekisayo kwimishwana yasemthethweni.
  • [[NTLT: 0] Lilinganise ixesha lakho lovota kunye nendlela yakho. Ukuba uvota umntu, zama ukuhamba ngexesha leeyure ze-peak (ukuvalwa kwemini okanye emva kwemini). Ukuba uvota ngeposi, buyisa ibhola yakho kwangoko ukuphepha ukulibaziseka kweposi. Amanye amaphondo afuna ubungqina okanye ucoselelo lweposi (chezukisa imithetho karhulumente wakho).
  • [[NTL:0] Wazi amalungelo akho. Ukuba udibana neengxaki kuvo, njengemigca emide, ukoyikisa, okanye ukungaphumeleli kwezixhobo, unelungelo lokucela i-octive jog nombiza umnyulo ongeyopartis.

Ulawulo lwezibonelelo

Ukunconywa kwamalungelo eUnited States kuye kwanda ngokuphawulekayo ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, kodwa ukufikelela akukhange kuvumelani. UMgaqo-siseko wakuqala washiya iimfaneleko zokuvota kumazwe, nto leyo ekhokelela ekudityanisweni okusasazekileyo kwamabhinqa, abantu bemibala, nabanini-mali abangeyompahla. Iziganeko eziphambili eziphambili ziquka:

  • ISimintyala - mbende se - 15 (1870): Ukungavumi ukuvota okusekelwe kuhlanga, nangona imithetho kaJim Crow yaqhubeka ithintela abavoti Black.
  • ISihlaziyo se - 19 (1920): Amabhinqa anelungelo lokuvota.
  • IVoting Rights Act (1965): Umthetho wokuvota owiswe umthetho njengovavanyo lokufunda nokubhala kwaye ufuna ukujongelwa ulawulo lukarhulumente ngembali yocalulo. INkundla ePhakamileyo yawadambisa amalungiselelo angundoqo kwi- Shelby County v. Hoker [2013], nto leyo ekhokelela kwimiqathango emitsha yokuvota.
  • IsiHlaziyo Se - 26 (1971): Iminyaka yokuvota yathotywa yaba li - 18.

Namhlanje, iingxoxo ngemithetho ye-ID yomvoti, ukukhutshwa kweeroli, indawo yokuvota, ukuvalwa kwendawo yokuvota, kunye nokudilizwa kwetyala kuyaqhubeka kubumba ukufikelela. Iintlangano ezifana ne Brennan Center yeJaji ne ACLU ezixhasa ukwandisa ukufikelela kovota. [[FLT:] Zifunde ngakumbi ngokufumana amalungelo okuvota kwangoku.

Isiphelo

Ukuqonda amagama angundoqo neengcamango kunyulo kuxhobisa ukuba uthabathe inxaxheba ngokunentsingiselo kwidemokhrasi. Ukusuka ekuvotiseni ukuya kwiElectoral College, ukusuka kwi-prigems ukuya kwimilinganiselo yebhola, isiqalelo ngasinye sidlala indima kwindlela amandla asasazwa ngayo nemigaqo emiswa ngayo. Unyulo alulo sukunye kuphela. Luyinkqubo eqala ngemfundo kunye nokubhalisa. Ngokufunda ezi siseko, unokuba ngumvoti onolwazi olungcono, ummeli ongcono wokhetho olulungileyo, kunye nomnye okhuthele ngakumbi oncedisa kwingingqini yakho. USA.[FL:] USAVERS. Inkcazelo esemthethweni yenkcazelo yokuvota kunye [FLT]