Xa uhlawula iirhafu zakho zasekuhlaleni, uxhasa iinkonzo ezichaza ubomi bemihla ngemihla kuluntu lwakini (iinqanawa, izikolo, ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, iipaki, kunye nezinto eziluncedo. Kodwa inkoliso yabemi inembono engacacanga ngendlela eziqokelelwa ngayo ezo rhafu kwaye zisabiwe ngayo. Ukuqonda ulwalamano phakathi koko ukuhlawula kwakho noko ukukwamkela akuyonto nje efunwa ngabantu; kubalulekile ekubekeni amagosa anyuliweyo, ekuthetheleni iimfuno zoluntu, nasekugqibeni izigqibo ezingokolwazi kwibhokisi yerhafu. Eli nqaku lihlola iindidi ezinkulu zerhafu, iinkonzo ezigxekayo abanokuxhasa, iintengiso neengxaki zezixeko zijongene, nokubaluleka kokubala ekuphatheni imali kawonke.

Indima Yerhafu Kurhulumente Wasekuhlaleni

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baxhomekeke kwirhafu njengemvelaphi yabo yokuqala yengeniso ngenxa yokuba banegunya elingumgaqo-siseko nemithetho karhulumente. Ngokungafaniyo norhulumente wephondo, onokuthi alawule intlawulo, izixeko kufuneka zilinganisele imali yazo yoqingqo-mali ngonyaka olandelayo. Oku kwenza irhafu ibe yingeniso yexabiso lemisebenzi kamasipala. Ngaphandle kwesiseko serhafu esaneleyo nesomeleleyo, oorhulumente besixeko abanako ukunikela iinkonzo abahlala kuzo: izitrato ezikhuselekileyo, amanzi anokuthenjwa, izikolo ezisemgangathweni, kunye nezindlela ezisebenzayo.

Irhafu ikwasebenza njengesixhobo sokulungisa inkqubela-phambili yoluntu. Ngokulungisa imigangatho, ukungahlawuli, kunye nokuthenga ngetyala, izixeko zingakhuthaza ukuziphatha okuthile `njengokuba umnini-khaya, ushishino, okanye ukuphumelela kwemali ephezulu (kodwa kudimaza abanye). Noko ke, isigqibo ngasinye serhafu sibandakanya ukurhweba. Iirhafu eziphezulu zingaxhasa iinkonzo ezingcono kodwa zingagxotha amashishini kunye nabantu abahlala kuzo; iirhafu eziphantsi zingatsala ulwando kodwa zibulale indlala iinkqubo eziyimfuneko.

Iintlobo Zerhafu Zasekuhlaleni

Urhulumente wezixeko uyakwazi ukusebenzisa izixhobo eziliqela zerhafu, nganye ineempawu zayo, amandla nobuthathaka bayo. Ukuqonda ezi zixhobo kunceda abemi basekuhlaleni bahlolisise ukuba ikho indlela esesikweni nephumelelayo yokuhlawula irhafu.

Irhafu Yempahla

Irhafu yempahla ihlawulwa kwilizwe nezakhiwo ."i-asethi yexabiso lemali yemali yelizwe neyasekuhlaleni. Ziyezona zikhulu kakhulu zengeniso yerhafu yengingqi yengingqi kwizixeko ezininzi eUnited States, zityala malunga nama-30-50 ekhulwini emali yemali ekhoyo yengeniso jikelele, ngokwemiqathango yemali yemali ekhoyo, ngokwemijikelezo yemali yemali yemali yemali yemali, ngokwemijikelo yemali yemali yemali, u-U.S. UHlahlolo lwaminyaka Yonyaka lwe-Romita lwe-Rofuli kaRhulumente lwemali neyaseMda. [FLT].[FLT] Irhafuthelo luzileyo ngokwentengo yemali eninzi, okanye irhafunxa-mali ehlawulwayo, ngokomlinganiselo ophantsi kwemiqatha yemali ehlawulwa yimali ehlawulwa yimizi-odolo, okanye ingeniso ephantsi yemali ehlongo yendlu.

Irhafu

Iirhafu zentengiso zithengiswa ngentengiso kunye neenkonzo ezithile. Zingumthombo omkhulu wengeniso kwizixeko ezininzi, ingakumbi kumaphondo angenayo irhafu yoluntu. Ngenxa yokuba irhafu yerhafu ibotshelelwe ekusebenziseni ingeniso, iyaguquguquka ngokwezoqoqosho (---eyezoqoqosho) kwaye inyuka ngexesha lempuphuma. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki zoqingqo-mali. Ngaphezu koko, irhafu yerhafu iphinde ihlawulwe ngokusemthethweni: iintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi zichitha umlinganiselo ophezulu wengeniso yazo kwingeniso yerhafu, ngoko irhafu isebenzisa izahluzo ezinkulu zemali yabo. Ezinye izixeko zingafuni mfuneko ezifana nokuthenga nokunikwa kwemali neziyobisi ezigunyaziswayo. Ishishini likwajongenentsoko ekuqokeleleni nasekunyuseni irhafuthezeni irhafu, ingakumbi ekunyuseni kwentengo ye-intanethi yezo yezo yezo yezo yezo yezo yezoshishino.

Irhafu yemali ehlawulwayo

Nangona irhafu yerhafu ingaxhaphakanga kakhulu kunempahla okanye irhafu yokuthengisa, irhafu yengeniso yasekuhlaleni isetyenziswa ngamadolobha amaninzi . Ngokukodwa kwimimandla yaseMidwest neyaseMbindini weAtlantic .ukuhlwitha irhafu yayo. Le rhafu idla ngokuba yimali encinane ehlawulwayo kwimivuzo nerhafu efunyenwe kwisixeko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kuphi apho umqeshi ehlala khona. Le rhafu idla ngokuthabatha ingeniso kubasebenzi basezidolophini abasebenzisa iinkonzo zesixeko kodwa bahlawula iirhafu zempahla kwezinye iindawo. Irhafu yasekuhlaleni ithelelwa kakhulu kunentengiso okanye irhafu yempahla ngenxa yokuba isekelwe ekukwazini ukuhlawula. Noko ke, iyakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yolawulo kubaqeshinawo kwaye ithanda ukuxabana nemicimbi yezo kwezopolitiko, idla ngokubhekisele kwimiqatha kwemithetho yezo yezo yezo yezo yezo yezomthetho.

Irhafu yokungahlawulwa

Iirhafu ezingekhoyo zihlawulwa ekusebenziseni umbane, igesi yendalo, amanzi, inkonzo yemfonomfono, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ziyala ukuqokelelwa. Zidla ngokubalwa njengepesenti yemali okanye umrhumo osicaba kwiyunithi nganye. Le rhafu yimvelaphi ezinzileyo yengeniso kuba indlela yokusebenzisa i-eternetic idla ngokuzithelekelela kwaye i-ineastic. Noko ke, zisoloko zibuyela phambili, ziwa ngokugqithisileyo kwiintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi ezichitha isabelo esikhulu somvuzo wazo kwizinto eziluncedo. Abagxeki kwakhona baphikisa ukuba irhafunxa yerhafu ingadiza amandla nento esebenzayo neyo. Ezinye izixeko ziquka ukukhulula okanye ukubuyisela ii-infatiesssssss ukuze zincede abahlali benziswe umthwalo.

Enye irhafu yasekuhlaleni

Ukongezelela kwiindidi eziphambili, izixeko zingafaka iirhafu nerhafu encinane ezahlukahlukeneyo: ukuhlala ehotele, irhafu yerhafu yeshishini, ukukhupha irhafu kwii-ayisi okanye kwicuba lerhafu, irhafu yepetroli, kunye nerhafu yokungena. Iirhafu ezininzi kwezi zimiselwe ngokukhethekileyo kwiinkonzo ezifanayo, umzekelo, irhafu yehotele idla ngokuxhasa ukukhuthazwa kweenkonzo zokukhenketha kunye namaziko endibano, ngoxa iirhafu zepetroli zinokunikezelwa ekulondolozweni kweendlela. Imali yomsebenzisi (umz. umz., ukuqokelelwa kweminqunyulo yenkunkuma, okanye imvume yokwakha) ikwakho ukusetyenziswa kwiirhafumente ezinxulumeneyo, nangona zisebenza iinjongo ezifanayo.

Iinkonzo ezibonelelwa ngerhafu

Oorhulumente bezixeko basebenzisa irhafu ukulungiselela iinkonzo ezininzi ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi. Ezi nkonzo aziyonto yokuzikhethela; ziimbopheleleko ezingundoqo ezilindelwe ngabemi yaye eziqinisekisa ukuba abantu bakhuselekile, banempilo, yaye basebenza kakuhle.

Ukhuseleko

Ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke luyeyona nkonzo inkulu kwinkcitho yoqingqo-mali yesixeko, idla ngokudla ngokuchitha ama-20-30 ekhulwini emali jikelele. Iquka amapolisa, umlilo, iinkonzo zonyango zongxamiseko (EMS), yaye maxa wambi ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho yesiseko.

Isalathisi somsebenzi

Amasebe amapolisa asebenzisa ii-dola zerhafu kuyo yonke into esusela kumagosa ajongene nokugada ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukuthunyelwa kwemibutho, iinkqubo zokuthumela kunye nezixhobo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izixeko ziye zajamelana neemfuno ezikhulayo zokuphuculwa kwamapolisa, ukuphendula, kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo kumapolisa ngokwesithethe, njengamaqela ongenelelo oluneentlekele kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba kwimpilo yengqondo. Izigqibo zokuxhasa iinkcuba zemali kule ndawo ziyakhuphiswa kakhulu, ngokuphikisana nobungakanani bemali, ukwabiwa koqeqesho nobugcisa, kunye nendima yokwandiswano-mthetho kwiinkonzo zentlalo.

Amasebe Omlilo

Amasebe omlilo ale mihla enza okungaphezulu kakhulu kunokulwa imililo. Anikela iimpendulo zongxamiseko, izinto eziyingozi, ukugcinwa kobugcisa, kunye nemfundo yokuthintela ingeniso yomlilo. Izitishi zemali yerhafu, izixhobo, izixhobo zokukhusela, uqeqesho, nemivuzo. Ngokutshintsha kwemozulu, amasebe omlilo nawo ayanda alungele intlekele kwaye aphendule. Izixeko ezininzi zixhomekeke kumasebe okuzithandela okanye kwintlanganisela, ingakumbi kwiidolophu ezincinane, ezineendleko ezahlukeneyo kodwa ezisafuna utyalo-mali kawonke-wonke.

Iinkonzo zonyango zexesha likaxakeka

I-EMS isoloko idityaniswe namasebe omlilo okanye isebenza njengenkonzo yahlukeneyo kamasipala. Amaxesha okuphendula okuchaphazelekayo kunye nee-ambulensi ezixhotyisiweyo zisindisa ubomi, kwaye ixabiso lokugcina inkonzo engama-24/7 likhulu. Irhafu iqinisekisa ukuba i-EMS ikhona kubo bonke abemi kungakhathaliseki ukuba imeko ye-inshorensi okanye amandla okuhlawula/a ukugxeka okuqwalasela.

Imfundo

Imfundo kawonke-wonke ixhaswa ngokuyintloko ngurhulumente nangurhulumente wasekuhlaleni, yaye iirhafu zempahla zasekuhlaleni zinegalelo eliphambili kumazwe amaninzi. Oorhulumente beziXeko badla ngokuba nendima engqalileyo ekuxhaseni nasekunyamekeleni iisithili zesikolo, iikholeji zoluntu, neenkqubo zemfundo zabantwana bamandulo.

Izikolo zikawonke-wonke (K-12)

Iirhafu zepropati zasekuhlaleni zingaba nengxelo yemali yesithili sesikolo, kuxhomekeke kwiindlela zesithili ezilinganayo zikarhulumente. Le mali ihlawulelwa imivuzo yootitshala, ugcino-lwazi, izinto zokufundisa, ubugcisa, neenkqubo ezingaphezulu zeprojekthi. Ukuthembela kwirhafu yempahla yoluntu kudala umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwesithili sezityebi nakweso sikolo sihlwempuzekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekumangalelweni kwemiqathango yezemali nezoqoqosho lorhulumente kwimimandla emininzi.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Iikholeji ezininzi zemali yemali yentlalo-ntle kunye namathala eencwadi kawonke-wonke ngokuhlawula irhafu yempahla okanye ngokuhlawula intlawulo yemali-mali. Amathala eencwadi anika ukufumaneka kwasimahla kweencwadi, i-Internet, uqeqesho lomsebenzi, kunye neendawo zokuhlanganisana zoluntu. Iikholeji zoluntu zinika imfundo ephezulu efikelelekayo, inkqubela yomsebenzi, kunye nemfundo eqhubekayo. Zombini ezi zinto ziyindlela ebalulekileyo yokuhamba phambili kwezentlalo kunye nethuba lezoqoqosho.

Iinkqubo zolutsha

Ingeniso yerhafu ixhasa iinkqubo zesikolo, iinkampu zasehlotyeni, iindawo zokuzonwabisa, kunye namaqumrhu emidlalo. Ezi nkqubo zigcina abantwana bekhuselekile ngexesha lesikolo esingaphandle, zinika ubutyebi kunye nokucebiseka, zinciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Izakhiwo Nezothutho

Ukugcina nokuphucula izibonelelo zendalo kungumsebenzi osisiseko karhulumente wesixeko. Irhafu yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukwakhiwa nokulungiswa kweendlela, iibhulorho, iindlela, iindlela zamanzi, inkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi amdaka, kunye nokuthutha abantu.

Iindlela, Iibhulorho Nezitrato

Iindlela zasekuhlaleni zingumsebenzi omkhulu wendlela yelizwe. Impahla kunye nemali yepetroli yokulungisa (ukususwa kwemingxuma yempahla, ukukhutshwa kwekhephu, ukutshayelwa kwekhephu, ukwakhiwa kwenqanawa), kunye nokwakhiwa okutsha. Izixeko ezininzi zikwasebenzisa imali eninzi ekukhuthazeni ukukhuseleka nokukhutshwa kwemoto. Ukungalondolozwa kwemoto yingxaki engapheliyo.

Uthutho lukawonke-wonke

Irhafu yempahla, irhafu, iziporo ezilula, uololiwe abahambayo, kunye noololiwe abasebenza kwimizila yempatho, ngokweemali zerhafu, ngokweemali ezidityanisiweyo, ngokwee-asethi, ngokweemali ezidityanisiweyo, ngokweemali ezikhoyo, ngokweemali ezikhoyo, ngokweemali ezikhoyo, ngokweemali ezikhoyo, ngokweemali ezithe zadityaniswe kwimali, ngokweemali zerhafu, ngokweemali zemali ezikhoyo kunye nentlawulo zemali. Irhafumfezi, iirhafu, iirhafumfo-mali, kunye neerhafumenti ezinikezelwa-mali ezithe ziqhelene zifuna ukwanda okanye ukuhla kwemisebenzi.

Amanzi, Isiphekepheke Nezinto Eziluncedo

Amanzi akhuselekileyo okusela, unyango lwamanzi amdaka, ulawulo lwamanzi oqhwithela, kunye nokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma eqinileyo zizinto zonyango lukawonke-wonke eziyimfuneko. Izixeko ezininzi zisebenza ezi nkonzo njengemali yamashishini, okuthetha ukuba zixhaswa ngemali ephambili ngerhafu yomsebenzisi kunerhafu eqhelekileyo. Noko ke, irhafu idla ngokunyusa inkqubela yekomkhulu (umz., isityalo sonyango sokuhlaziya amanzi) kwaye ingasetyenziswa ukugcina amazinga anokulingana nabemi abafumana imali ephantsi. Umgangatho wolwazi oluphezulu ulucelomngeni olukhulu, ngenkqubo ye-America Society of Civil Enginegerers inika udidi lwamanzi lweC-C-Driellares kunye nokulinganisela umgangatho wokuxhasa ingeniso ye-astrion.

Imizi, Ukuzonwabisa Nezithethe

Ipaki, iindawo zokudlala, iindawo zoluntu, amaqula okudada, izifundo zegalufu, kunye namaziko enkcubeko (amagumbi okugcina izilwanyana, amaziko obugcisa, ukwenza amaziko obugcisa) zixhaswa ngemali edityanisiweyo yengeniso yerhafu, iindleko, kunye neminikelo yabucala. Ezi zinto ziphucula impilo yempilo, amaxabiso ezinto, kunye nokutsala abakhenkethi. Izixeko ezininzi ziye zanikezela imimandla yepaki okanye iirhafu zentengiso zezithuba zonke ukuze ziqinisekise ukuba imali ikho. Kodwa, ukulondolozwa kusoloko kuphantsi kwemali ehlawulwayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuwongeni kwezakhiwo nakufikelela kwimimandla ehlala kuzo.

Uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho nezindlu

Oorhulumente bezixeko basebenzisa irhafu ukukhuthaza ukwanda kwezoqoqosho nokufumaneka kwemali yokuhlala. Izixhobo ziquka ukuhlawula irhafu yerhafu (IT), ukuhlawula irhafu yempahla, isithili sokuphucula ishishini, kunye nemali ebolekisiweyo okanye imali ethe ngqo kubaphuhlisi. Ezi zizathu ziyaphikisana. Abaxhasi baphikisa ingxubusho-mali yokukhuthaza ukukhuselwa kwerhafu, ngelixa abagxeki besithi bafaka imali kwizityebi zemali, bahlawulisa imali kwiinkonzo ezingundoqo. Iinkqubo zezindlu ezihlawulwayo, njengoncedo lokuqesha, ukuhlawulwa kwemali ehlawulwayo, kunye nemali yemali ehlawulwayo yezindlu ezihlawulwayo, zikwaxhaswa yimityalingo yerhafu, i-mali edityani yerhafu, kunye nemali yemali ehlawulwayo yerhafu, kunye neyo yemali ekhuselwayo yemali yemali yezo-ondrensi, yemali yephondo, kunye neyo

Iingxaki Kumgaqo - siseko Werhafu

Ukuyila inkqubo yerhafu elungileyo kunzima. Izixeko zijamelene neengxaki zezakhiwo, iingcinezelo zobupolitika nokutshintsha kwamanani abantu nezoqoqosho okubangela ukuba isizukulwana singakwazi ukufumana imali.

Isiseko serhafu

Imeko ezininzi ziye zaphelisa isiseko sepropati nerhafu kwiminyaka engamashumi ambalwa edluleyo. Ukunyuka kwentengiso ye-intanethi kuye kwayishenxisa ingeniso yerhafu kwi-oventili yasekuhlaleni, nangona amazwe amaninzi eye amisela “imithetho ye-Amazon” efuna ukuba abathengisi abaqokelele irhafu yendawo. Imiqathango yerhafu yempahla, efana neProcensiance 13, uvavanyo lwezigquma-pa yerhafu luye lwanda kwaye luthintela ukwanda kwengeniso. Ukukhuthuzwa kwemali engekho mvunweni, impahla karhulumente, kunye nezakhiwo zonqulo zihla ngokuhambela phambili. Okwangoku, ukuncipha kwentengiso yenkcitho yenkcitho yezo yezo zemali neendawo zezoqobo zemali yengingqi yezo zelizwe, nesaveyi-crencel.

Abahlawula Irhafu Badinwa Yaye Benemiqathango Yeepolitiki

Abemi basoloko bemelana nokwanda kwerhafu, kwanaxa bexhasa iinkonzo ezandisiweyo. Amaphondo amaninzi amisela imida yerhafu kunye nenkcitho (ii-TEL) efuna imvume yomvoti kwisantya esiphezulu okanye ukunyuka komlinganiselo wonyaka. Le miqathango isenokunyanzela amadolobha ukuba anqamle iinkonzo ngexesha lokurhoxa okanye axhomekeke kwimilinganiselo yexesha elinye efana nokuzibekela phantsi okanye ukuboleka. Ukungavumelani kwezobupolitika kwirhafu kwenza kube nzima ukwakha izivumelwano zotshintsho.

Inkxalabo Engaphelelanga

Irhafu ezininzi zasekuhlaleni ziphinde zihlawulwe ngokunjalo-njalo, zithatha intlawulo enkulu yengeniso evela kumahlwempu kunakwezityebi. Iirhafu, irhafu yezemali eluncedo, kunye nerhafu yempahla emakhayeni (ingakumbi kwimimandla ehlayo) ziwa kakhulu kubemi abafumana imali ephantsi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, irhafu yasekuhlaleni kunye nerhafu yempahla ethelekelelwayo ayiqhelekanga kakhulu. Izixeko zizama imigaqo enconywayo efana nokuhlawula imali encinane yerhafu, “Rai". Imali yerhafu yerhafu, kunye nezakhiwo zerhafu eziqhubela phambili, kodwa ezi zidla ngokuthintelwa ngokwemithetho okanye ngokweenjongo yezopolitiki.

Ukubaluleka Kokubonisana Ngokucaceyo Nokuziphendulela

Ukuze isivumelwano sentlalo phakathi kwabemi norhulumente wabo wesixeko sisebenze, abemi kufuneka baqonde indlela esetyenziswa ngayo irhafu yabo baze bafumane nemvume yokubeka imali kuqala. Ukubonisa iliso nokuziphendulela akuyonto ibalulekileyo ukuthembana nokulawula okusebenzayo.

Iintlanganiso zohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Inkoliso yamabhunga esixeko neebhodi zezikolo zigcina amatyala kawonke-wonke kuqingqo-mali olucetyiswayo ngaphambi kokuba ulandelwe. Ezi ntlanganiso zivumela abemi ukuba babuze imibuzo, bachaze inkxalabo, baze bachaze iinguqu. Ngoxa kusoloko kusezantsi, inkqubo iyimfuneko ngokusemthethweni kwaye inika umgaqo osemthethweni wokufak ’ isandla esithelekeleleyo. Ezinye izixeko zikwasebenzisa izixhobo ze-intanethi, ezifana noqingqo-mali lwamazibuko, ukuvumela abemi ukuba bavote ngokuthe ngqo indlela yokunika inxalenye yoqingqo-mali.

Iingxelo zemali zoNyaka kunye neebhodi eziqhawukayo kwikhompyutha

Iingxelo zemali zonyaka ezinika ingxelo (CAFR) zilungiselelwe ngokwemigangatho yemali kunye nemithombo yengeniso yeenkcukacha, iinkcitho, amatyala, kunye nezingqiniphiso zemali. Ezi ngxelo kufuneka zifikeleleke lula kwi-webhsayithi yesixeko. Izixeko ezininzi zikwayila iibhodi ezibonisa ukubonakala kwangaphandle kwekhompyutha ezibonisa ixesha lokwenene okanye uluManyano lwexesha lokwenene loqingqo-mali, zivumela abemi bemi bemi bemi bemida ukuba bakhangele iinkcitho ngesebe, inkqubo, okanye abathengisa ngayo. Imizekelo iquka uhlahlolo lwemali kunye noluGenegano lohlalo lohlalo-mali lwemali lwezikolo lwaseMadolo.

Imisebenzi yeNkcubeko

Ukuphendula kudinga okungaphezulu kunokuxela nje ukuba kusetyenziswe malini .Iziphumo zokulinganisa. Izixeko kufuneka zipapashe ugcino-lwazi lwemisebenzi kwiinkonzo ezingundoqo: amaxesha okuphendula kwamapolisa, ukucinezelwa kwempumelelo yomlilo, imilinganiselo yemeko yendlela, iipasethi zesikolo, kunye namabanga omgangatho we-paki. Uvavanyo lwe-execs lwezibonelelo zephondo okanye zemali-mali yabucala lunika ulwalathiso olongezelelekileyo noncedo lokufumana i-efficien, ubuqhetseba, okanye ukungaphatha kakuhle.

Ikamva Lokuhlawulwa Kwerhafu Yasekuhlaleni

Urhulumente wezixeko uhlola imithombo emitsha yengeniso ukuze ahlangabezane neemfuno ezikhulayo nokuze alungelelanise nokutshintsha kwezoqoqosho. Abanye bathembisa (kunye nokhetho olunempikiswano) luquka:

  • Irhafu yelizwe yoxabiso (LVT): Irhafu yexabiso elingalinganiyo lomhlaba kunexabiso lezakhiwo, ezikhuthaza inkqubela phambili kwaye zinciphisa intelekelelo. Pittsburgh yasebenzisa iLVT kangangeminyaka emininzi.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Irhafu yempahla eqhubekekayo: Ifakela isantya esiphezulu kwimpahla ezixabisa kakhulu okanye ukuba nethala elininzi ukutshintshela umthwalo kwizityebi.
  • Irhafu yerhafu ebharhileyo: inika abanini bezindlu ezingekhoyo okanye ezorhwebo ukusingatha ukunqongophala kwezindlu kunye nengqukuva.
  • Irhafu yeSini ingavelisa ingeniso ngexa kukhuthazwa impilo kawonke-wonke, kodwa isoloko ibuyela umva kwaye iguquguquka ngokwezobupolitika.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-Pricing kunye ne-Parking Fees: indlela esetyenziswayo nepakayishayo ingenza ukunciphisa itrafiki, uthutho lwemali kunye nonyuso lwengeniso olubonakalayo eLondon, eStockholm, nakwisiXeko saseNew York.
  • [[Ukwahlulwa koMgaqo-mpuma nokwabelana ngeenkonzo: amasebe aqinisayo, abelana ngeenkonzo, okanye ukudlelana needolophu ezikufuphi kunganciphisa iindleko ngaphandle kokusika iinkonzo.

Isiphelo

Irhafu asiyondlela elula; yinkqubo apho uluntu luqokelela khona izinto zalo ukuze luxhase iimpahla zikawonke-wonke okungekho mntu unokuzithenga yedwa. Ukusuka ekukhuseleni kwamapolisa nasezitratweni ezixhotyisiweyo ukuya kwizikolo nakwipaki, yonke inkonzo yesixeko ixhomekeke kwinkqubo yerhafu ebonisa amaxabiso oluntu nezinto eziza kuqala. Njengoko uqoqosho lusanda kwaye lunengcinezelo, abemi kunye nabenzi bemithetho kufuneka basebenze kunye ukuyila iinkqubo zerhafu ezaneleyo, ezilinganayo, ezibonisa ukuba zicace, nezilungele ukutshintsha iimfuno. Ixesha elizayo ubona iholo yesixeko isenza uqingqo-mali yokuva okanye ibhodi yokuvula izithuba, sebenzisa ithuba lokufunda indawo oya kuyo irhafu, abahlafunayo kufuneka uhlale kuyo.

Ukuze ufunde ngokubhekele phaya, bona i-Census Bureau yephondo kunye nogcino-lwazi lwezemali lwasekuhlaleni kunye noManyano lohlanga lweziXeko ze-Fiscal Magement Report.