Kuyiriphabliki, amandla awanakuze aphele. Umbono wokusekwa komGaqo-siseko waseUnited States uxhomekeke kwingqiqo elula kodwa enzulu: ukukhusela inkululeko, urhulumente kufuneka umiswe ukuze amandla aqinisekise amandla. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa njengeecheke nezilinganiselo, asiyonto nje ebhaliweyo kuphela kodwa yiyo kanye isakhiwo esithintela ubundlobongela nokukhusela amalungelo ethu. Ngokusasaza igunya phakathi kwamasebe ahlukeneyo kwaye ukunceda ngamnye ukuba athintele abanye, iingqikele kwaye aqinisekise ukuba akukho mntu okanye inyani enokuthi ayilawule. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indlela le nkqubo esebenza ngayo, iziseko zayo zembali, nesizathu sokuba ibalulekile ekukhuseleni inkululeko yethu namhlanje.

Umgaqo Osisiseko Wokukhangela Nokulungelelana

Imfundiso yokwahlula amagunya, apho kuqwalaselwa khona umlinganiselo, yachazwa kakuhle yintanda-bulumko yaseFrentshi uMontesquieu. Abaseki baseMerika, ingakumbi uJames Madison, bamkela le ngcamango njengesixhobo sokukhusela amandla akhethekileyo. umlawuli woburhulumente onguNo. 51, uMadison ubhaliwe, “Imfumba kufuneka yenziwe ukulwa nephulo. Wathi ngokunika amasebe onke iindlela neentshukumisa zokuxhathisa ezinye, inkqubo yokulwa kwedemokhrasi. Ngokungafaniyo nedemokhrasi esulu. Ngokungafaniyo, apho izigxa-macaneyo ezininzi zinokuwanyathela amalungelo amancinane, i-edemokhrasi, ukuxilonga, nokulungisa. UmGaqo-siseko we-onqanawo-onke.

Esi sakhiwo asithathi ngxaki kurhulumente; kunoko, sithintela isenzo sokungxama okanye sobuzwilakhe. Umzekelo, iBhunga lingayidlulisa imithetho, kodwa uMongameli angayimisela; uMongameli angamisa amagosa, kodwa iNkundla ePhakamileyo mayiwaqinisekise; iNkundla ePhakamileyo inokubetha imithetho njengengavumelaniyo, kodwa iBhunga lingawuphelisa umGaqo-siseko okanye litshintshe igunya lenkundla. La mandla adibanisayo abumba isiseko solawulo lwaseMelika kwaye anxulumene ngqo nokhuseleko lwamalungelo omntu ngamnye.

Amasebe Amathathu Namandla Awo Okuncedisa

Ukuze aqonde indlela uxilongo nolungelelwano olukhusela ngayo amalungelo, umntu kufuneka ahlolisise amandla esebe ngalinye kunye nenkqubo echanekileyo amanye awazithintela ngayo. La macandelo alandelayo achaza imigaqo-mthetho, impatho-mbizeko namasebe agwebayo, abonisa uhlolo oluphambili kunye nezicelo zawo zokwenene zehlabathi.

Isebe Elisemthethweni: Ingqungquthela njengesebe lokuqala

IBhunga, eliyilwe yiNdlu yeeNdlu zoVavanyo, libekwa ityala lokwenza imithetho, ukuvakalisa imfazwe, ukulawula urhwebo, nokulawula isingxowa semali sorhulumente. La mandla makhulu, kodwa ahlolwa ngabom kwamanye amasebe.

  • IVEto Engasebenzisiyo: UMongameli angarhoxa nawuphi na umnyaka odluliswa yiKhonkxale. Noko ke, iKhompathiswa ingawugqitha loo mninzi wee-3 ezimbini kwigumbi zombini. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba umphathi omnye akanakuwuvala ngokusisigxina umnqweno woninzi olunamandla lwemithetho-mthetho.
  • Ukuqinisekisa kunye nokukhupha iziqinisekiso: Indlu yeNdlu yeeNkundla ePhakamileyo, iinkundla zesizwe, amasebe aphetheyo, kunye namasebe azimeleyo. Oku kuthintela uMongameli ekusebenzeni ngaphandle kwexesha elithile urhulumente. Ngaphezu koko, iBhunga linamandla okungaquququzeli uMongameli, uMongameli, namanye amagosa karhulumente ukwenzela “uluvo, ukunyoba, okanye ezinye izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho eziphezulu kunye nabasebenzi abangekho mthethweni." Imbali yakutshanje ibonakalisa ukubaluleka kokuvavanywa kukaMongameli uBill CTCN noDonald Cluson noDurbam bavavanye imidale yemidaw.
  • Amandla ePulese: ulawulo lokusetyenziswa kwemali karhulumente. Akukho mali inokukhutshwa kuveliswa ngaphandle kokugunyaziswa ngumthetho. UMongameli akanako ukuqokelela izinto eziza kuqala kubaphathi ngaphandle kwemvume yokuququzelela, edala isixhobo esinamandla sokudibanisa. Umzekelo, iBhunga linokungavumi ukuxhasa imisebenzi yomkhosi okanye ukuxhasa iimali zegunya elilawulayo ukuze lifumane imiyalelo efuna ukufikelela ekufikeleleni.
  • Ukulawula okungalawulekiyo: Ngokuva, uphando, kunye nee-passena, iBhunga lijonga isebe eliphetheyo. Lo msebenzi wobuveleli unika amasebe ityala kwaye uyakwazi ukubhenca ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya, njengeIran-Contatection okanye amanyala amanzi. I-ofisi ye-Akhawuntication (GAO) inika ii-Akhawunti ezingeyocantis ezazisa inyathelo lombutho.

Kanti iBhunga ngokwalo liyavavanywa: uMongameli angabiza iNgqungquthela ukuba ibe kwintlanganiso ekhethekileyo, uMongameli onguMongameli oyiMongameli weNtlanganiso) ubeka amavoti angquzulanayo, kwaye iinkundla zingayibetha imithetho echasene nomGaqo-siseko. Okubaluleke kakhulu, iNdlu kunye neCandelo zihlolana/iCandelo elifuna ukuba nawuphi na umthetho udlulise omagumbini ukuze ube ngumthetho onciphisa ubungozi bokwenza ngokukhawuleza okanye umthetho wezoquququ.

Isebe Elilawulayo: Amandla Omongameli Nemida Yalo

UMongameli usebenza njengentloko karhulumente, umphathi-ntloko wemikhosi exhobileyo, kunye nentloko yesebe eliphetheyo esetyenziselwe ukuyenza ngokuthembeka imithetho. Eli gunya libanzi lilinganiselwe ngokuhlola okulungiselelwe ukulondoloza amalungelo omntu ngamnye kubaphathi abachuliweyo.

  • Veto kunye ne-Imenu- yelayini Veto: UMongameli angarhoxa zonke iindleko, kodwa hayi izinto ezizodwa (umgca-umtya weveto wavakaliswa ungamiselwanga kwi Clinton v. Isixeko saseNew York, 1998). Oku kunyanzela umphathi ukuba amkele okanye alahle umthetho njengendawo epheleleyo, umnqandi weqela eliziiiiiiiiiindawo ezimbini eziziiiiincopho zokuzingela ziqinisekisa ukuvinjwa kweve ukuba ayiphelelanga.
  • Isivumelwano kunye nokuqukunjelwa: uMongameli ukhupha abagwebi besizwe, izigidimi, kunye noonobhala bekhabhinethi, kodwa bonke bafuna uqinisekiso lweNtlanganiso ngaphandle kokumiselwa kwexeshana. Oku kwabelana ngamandla kuthintela ukusetyenziswa kombane kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba amagosa omgangatho ophezulu athe apheliswa. Ngokufanayo, uMongameli angasusa amagosa aphezulu esebe, kodwa amaqumrhu azimeleyo afana neFederal Reserve kunye neSceturass kunye neKhomishini ye-Exchange inezikhuseli zokukhusela ekususweni okunyanzekileyo./a ukujonga ukuba alondoloze inkululeko yabo yokuzimela.
  • uMyaleli-iNkqutyana kunye naMagunya emfazwe: uMongameli uyalela umkhosi, kodwa kuphela iNgqungquthela enokuthi ibangele imfazwe. Isigqibo saMandla semfazwe sika 1973 sifuna uMongameli ukuba azise iKhomishini kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-48 zokunikezela imikhosi kunye nemida yokuqeshwa kweentsuku ezingama-60 ngaphandle kwemvume yengqungquthela. Nangona umgaqo-siseko wesigqibo uxakene, ukrwelelo lweKhongontsi lwengqungquthela kwisenzo somkhosi ongazange ulandelwe. Umzekelo, uMongameli Obama wafuna isigunyaziso sombutho sokuhlasela e-Syria ngo-2020; uMongameli u-Culutah’s 2020 ukubulala uNjengele-Soemani uSolani othe ukuqwalasela ngokukhawuleza umkhosi.
  • Imiyalelo ephucukileyo kunye neMetranda: Oomongameli bangayikhupha imiyalelo yolawulo oluphezulu ukukhokela amaqumrhu karhulumente, kodwa le miyalelo ayinawo amandla omthetho. Iinkundla zingawabetha ukuba agqithe kwigunya lomthetho okanye aphule umGaqo-siseko. UMongameli uTruman ukuphamba izigambhu zentsimbi ngexesha lemfazwe yase Korea waphelelwa amandla yinkundla ephakamileyo yenkundla [FLTY:2] ulutsha olusemgceni we-Slote & Lamp; Tube. Co. Sawter [1952], uvavanyo lophawu kwigunya eliphezulu. Ngokufanayo, ucwangciso lokuxolelwa kweemali lwabafundi lweBhosa ityala loburhulumente lwavalkal'i.
  • Amandla eProvince: UMongameli angakunika ukuxolelwa kwamatyala karhulumente, kodwa oku akusebenzi kulwaphulo-mthetho lwaseburhulumenteni okanye ukunyanzelisa ngokwako. Amandla okuxolela akanakusetyenziswa ukuthintela ukunyanzeleka okanye ukuqhuba kweBhunga. Kukuvavanya okuncinane kodwa okubalulekileyo kodwa okungeyonye inxalenye yesebe lenkundla.

Ukongezelela, uMongameli uphantsi kohlolo logwebo: xa isebe eliphetheyo liphula amalungelo omntu ngamnye, abemi bangamangalelwa kwinkundla yephondo. INkundla ePhakamileyo ingakhupha imiqathango enxamnye nesenzo sokulawula, njengoko kuboniswa kumatyala okuvalwa kohambo ( Trump v. Hawaii[[FLM:1], 2018]) apho iNkundla ixhasa iindawo zokuvalwa komsebenzi kodwa ikwayamkela ukufaneleka kwenkululeko yonqulo.

Isebe Lezeejaji: Izantlukwano zobuGaqo-siseko

Isebe lejaji, elikhokelwa yiNkundla Ephakamileyo neenkundla eziphantsi zikarhulumente, lichaza imithetho lize liqinisekise ukuba ivumelana nomGaqo-siseko. Eli gunya, elidla ngokubizwa ngokuba luhlolo lwezomthetho, liyingqwalasela epheleleyo kumasebe owiso-mthetho nakwezilawuli.

  • [[NKQUBO: 0] Impinda ePhakamileyo: emiselwe ku-'FLT] Marbury v. Madison [1853], iNkundla Ephakamileyo ingavakalisa isenzo seBhunga okanye isenzo segunya elilawulayo. Eli gunya liye lasetyenziswa ukubetha imithetho ephazamisa ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ([[[FLT:]]]]] [[FLT]]]]][FLTY].[FLT]], 1989], ichasene inkqubo efunekayo ([[FLT:]6]]].[5] v[5]]], i-V[5], i-evPLT],[5], uhlomelo oluphezulu.[4]]
  • I-Tenure kunye noKhuselo loSalal: abagwebi boMasipala basebenza ubomi ngexesha lokuziphatha okuhle, kwaye imivuzo yabo ayinakuncitshiswa. Olu zibukelo lubakhusela kwimpindezelo yezobupolitika kwaye lubavumela ukuba balawule nxamnye nezilangazelelo ezinamandla ngaphandle koloyiko lokuphulukana nemisebenzi yabo. Kukuvavanya ukulondoloza umthetho.
  • Imithetho engoMandla e- Justice: Ijaji ayibaleki. Ingqungquthela ingatshintsha inani lezigwebi (nangokuba kunqabile ukukwenziwa), itshintshe ulawulo lweenkundla ezisezantsi, iqalise izindululo zomgaqo-siseko zokuphelisa imigaqo-mthetho. UMongameli umisela abagwebi, kodwa iNtsibelo iyabaqinisekisa. Ngaphezu koko, isebe eliphetheyo linyanzelela ukulawulwa yimithetho yezomthetho; ukuba uMongameli uJackson uyavuma ukuthobela (umz., uAndrew Jackson umele ukuthobelwa kwemithetho egwebayo. Georgia.[FLT]] v.[FLT]]]
  • [[NTL:0] Isiqinisekiso seNkundla yeNkqutyana-mali: ayinakukhupha iimbono zobuxoki. Zigqiba kuphela iimpikiswano zokwenene eziziswa ngamaqela azimeleyo. Oku kuthintela ijaji ukuba ingazamkeli ngokugqithiseleyo kwimibuzo yezopolitiko kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba imibandela ecacileyo yemiGaqo-siseko isombululwa kuphela xa ichaphazela abantu bokwenene.

Indlela Iindlela Ezikhusela Ngayo Amalungelo Abantu

Eyona njongo iphambili yokuhlola nokulinganisela kukukhusela amalungelo abemi nxamnye norhulumente ophazanyiswa. IBhili yamaLungelo.=intengiso zokuqala ezilishumi kumGaqo-siseko(iinkcukacha ezithe zabala ngokuphandle inkululeko enjengentetho, unqulo, ukucofa, ingqungquthela, kunye nokukhusela ekuphandweni okungekho ngqiqweni. Kodwa la malungelo anentsingiselo kuphela ukuba isakhiwo sikarhulumente sithintela naliphi na isebe ekuwathinteleni.

Qwalasela intetho ekhululekileyo: IBhunga alinakuyikhupha umthetho oyiphazamisayo (Uhlaziyo Lokuqala), kodwa uMongameli angazama ukuphelisa amazwi angavumelaniyo ngemiyalelo yegunya okanye ngomthetho olawulayo. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, iinkundla zingabetha inyathelo lolawulo, kwaye uMongameli angasebenzisa ukujongana nomthetho wokuhlola. Ngokufanayo, ukuba iBhunga lidlulisela umthetho wokuhlola ophula umthetho wemfihlo, iinkundla zinokufuna imvume (njengoko Katz v. United States, 1967, kwaye uMongameli unakho ukusebenzisa ukunikela umthetho othe kratya. Lo mgaqo uqinisekisa ukuba akukho lungelo linye elinokuwamkelayo ilungelo lokuzikhusela.

Amalungelo enkqubo akwakhuselwa ngokuhlola nokulinganisela. Isebe eliphetheyo ligweba amatyala, kodwa ijaji iqinisekisa ukuvavanywa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye iBhunga lichaza ulwaphulo-mthetho nesohlwayo. Inkundla ye-habeas corpus, eqinisekisiweyo nguMgaqo-siseko, ivumela iinkundla ukuba zikhulule abantu abavalelwe ngokungekho mthethweni. Ngexesha lemfazwe yeNogralam, uMongameli uLincoln ubekek'ityala i-corpus, kodwa kamva iNgqungquthela igunyazisa, kwaye ivavanya iinkundla ziphinde ityala. Kutshanje, iNkunkulu iNkundla ePhakamileyo kwinkululeko. Rumsteld [204]) ikholelwa ukuba abemi benotshaba olulungileyo benogatyiswe nguMphathiswanobathatho phambi kokuba bavavanye.

Amalungelo empahla ayangenelwa nakuhlolo. Ukuthatha u-Clausse woMgaqo-nkqubo wesihlanu kufuna imbuyekezo nje xa urhulumente ethatha impahla yakhe ngasese. Ukuba iKhomishini igunyazisa umsebenzi wedama oza kukhukula umhlaba, umnini-mhlaba angamangalelwa. Isebe eliphethe isebe lilawula iprojekthi, kodwa intlawulo yejaji. Le filimu ithintela ukuphangwa ngokungenamdla.

Ngaphezu koko, uhlolo nolwahlulo lukhusela amalungelo amancinane ekucinezeleni abaninzi. Kwidemokhrasi ecocekileyo, uninzi lungavota ukucinezela iqela elingathandwayo. Kodwa irepublic enamagunya ahlukeneyo yenza kube nzima ukwenza eso senzo: nokuba zombini izindlu zeBhunga kunye noMongameli ziyavuma, iinkundla zisenokuwubetha phantsi komthetho we-Enciligie Protect Clause okanye iBhilig of Rights. Isakhiwo solawulo sorhulumente sesizwe . "`Igunya elilawula phakathi kwamazwe kunye norhulumente wesizwe-"idibanisa omnye umaleko, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo akhuselwa kwimigangatho emininzi.

Uphuhliso lwembali namaxwebhu angundoqo

Inkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela yaseMerika ayizange ivele kwi-athom. Yavela kwiinkulungwane zengcamango yezobupolitika kwaye ilwa namandla azimeleyo. Iimbalasane ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • IMagna Carta (1215): Lo mgaqo-siseko wamaxesha aphakathi waseka ukuba ukumkani wayengengangaphezulu komthetho kwaye waqinisekisa iinkqubo ezithile zomthetho, ezifana nomgwebo woontanga. Yaqalisa ingcamango yokuba kwanamandla ombuso kufuneka abekwe umda (isiphelo somGaqo-siseko).
  • IBhili yamaNgesi yaMalungelo (1689): Emva kweNguquko eMhlophe, iPalamente yamisa imida emiselwe ukuba ngukumkani: akukho kupheliswa kwemithetho ngaphandle kwemvume yePalamente, akukho bheyile okanye isohlwayo senkohlakalo, kwaye nelungelo lokucela. La malungiselelo aphembelela ngqo iSigqeba samalungelo aseMelika.
  • UMentesquieu' Umoya woMthetho (1748): Isithandi sobulumko saseFransi sathi ukunqanda ubuzwilakhe, uwiso-mthetho, ulawulo, amagunya alawulayo, kufuneka ahlulwe. Umsebenzi wakhe wafundwa ngokubanzi ngabaseki bemimiselo yamaMelika kwaye wabumba isakhiwo somGaqo-siseko.
  • [[FLT: 0] Iphepha loLuntu loManyano (1787-1788): Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, noJohn Jay wabhala 85 yezincoko zokukhusela umGaqo-siseko ocetyiweyo. Ngokukhethekileyo, uPintellin No. 10 walumkisa ngamaqela, kunye noLuhlu lweFederal No. 51 wachaza indlela okwahlula amagunya nokuhlola kunye nolungelelaniso oluya kulawula ngayo iziphumo zentelekelelo. Ezi zinto zihlala zibalulekile ekuqondeni injongo yoMquluko. Zikho kwikhompyutha esebenzisa
  • UmGaqo-siseko wase-U.S. (1787): UmGaqo-siseko ngokwawo uluxwebhu oluphambili, kunye namanqaku I, II, kunye no III echaza amasebe amathathu kunye nee-check zawo. IBhili yamaLungelo yongezwa ngo1791 ukukhusela ngakumbi inkululeko yomntu ngamnye nxamnye namandla orhulumente.

Kuyo yonke imbali yaseMerika, ezi zihlolo ziye zavavanywa zaphinda zaqinisekiswa. Isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo ku Marbury v. Madison [1803] uhlolo oluqinisiweyo lomthetho. Uphengululo loMongameli Andrew Johnson (1868) kunye nokurhoxa koMongameli uRichard Nixon (1974) lubonise ukuba inkqubo inokuba nesona sikhulu esiphezulu siphendulileyo. Imo yamaLungelo yabona i-Congress igqitha uMthetho ka-Okrensity ka-1964 kunye noMthetho we-Voigangment Act ka-1965, ngelixa iqinisekisa imithetho echasene norhulumente, iziphumo phakathi kolawulo norhulumente.

Iingxaki Nempikiswano

Nangona inkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela inyamezele ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini, ijamelana neengcinezelo zale mihla ezivavanya ukusebenza kwayo.

ITheyibhile yesiGqeba esiPhezulu kunye noLawulo loMsebenzi weQela

Abalawuli boorhulumente bobabini bomabini bawandisa amandla olawulo oluphezulu, ingakumbi ngexesha longxamiseko lwesizwe. Abachasi ngamnye bakhupha inani elibhaliweyo lemiyalelo yabalawuli. Abaxhasi bobuzwe banikela umbhalo weBhili-Malungelo, ezi nqanaba ezisetyenziswayo ekuhloleni izenzo ezinjalo. Abachasi baphikisa ukuba injongo yokuqala yokuhlola nokulinganisela iyakhubazeka xa iiNkugqiba kweNkusebenza. Abaxhasi baphendula ukuba iinkundla kunye neeBhunga zigcina igunya elipheleleyo. [i-EFT] i-Ectrigion-s.[2] [2]

Ukungaququzeli kwemithetho yezomthetho

Amandla eNkundla ePhakamileyo yoHlulo logwebo adala impikiswano yokuba ngaba ngabagwebi bayawenza umthetho okanye abagwebi. Amatyala elizwe afana obergefell v. Hodges (2015 kumtshato omnye no ] I-Dobs v.IIIcandelo lezempilo laMasipala [Amabhinqa] ] [202222]) ekukhutshweni isisu ibonisa indlela ingqhinga leNkuqela leNkundla elinokuwaguqula ngayo amalungelo asisiseko. Abagxeki betyhola ukuba abagwebi abangagwebi bawuli bawusela idemo-demokhrasi; abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba ukukhusela amalungelo amancinane kudla ngokufuna ukuphikisana nesenzo sobuphicotha-joria. Ukukhangela kwi-judiation-xmarn, ukusetyenziswa kwe-elkt-eact.

Iqhina lomthetho elikwiGridki kunye nokuLahleka kweBhartisha

Iingxinano kunye nolungelelwano ngenjongo yokwenza ukuba umthetho ube nzima, --bills kufuneka zidlule zombini amagumbi kwaye ziphumele kwi-veto. Noko ke, ukubekwa kwemimandla yezobupolitika zale mihla kuye kwakhokelela kwi-gridlock engakabonwa ngaphambili. Ulawulo lweNdlu yendlu yendlu yesine, ngexa kungekho kumGaqo-siseko, ngempumelelo ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-60-ethenti enkulu kumthetho omkhulu. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekucinyweni kwemiqathango karhulumente, ukulibazinziswa, ukulibaziselwa, ukumiswa kwemiqathango, kunye nokutshintshwa kwendlela yokuhlola ngokwayo. Abanye baphikisa ukuba ukukhusela amalungelo amancinane ngokuthintela umthetho omthetho ongxamisekileyo; abanye baphikisa ukuba urhulumente athintele kwiingxaki ezifana netyala, izibonelelo zemozulu. Iinguquko ezifana nokuphelisa i-injini eedentinga, kodwa nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi inkqubo yokuhlola ngokwayo iya kufuna ukuqwala iziphumo ezifanelekileyo.

Ubuxhakaxhaka, intlupheko kunye nemicimbi yezobugcisa

Inkqubela kwimiqathango yokhangelo lwamanani kunye nokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi kudala imingeni emitsha. UMthetho wePatriot (2001) kunye noMthetho we-USA Freedom (2015) owona Mthetho wolawulo ophezulu. Iinkundla zisebenze njengovavanyo: iNkundla yobuNgqila-mali yaseMasipala iSurveillance (FISC) ihlola imvume yokuhlola, kunye neNkundla ePhakamileyo kwi iCerter v. United States [2088]) ifuna isiqinisekiso sogcino-lwazi lwendawo yesemfonomnxeba. Kodwa iBhunga-mthetho kufuneka iqhubeke ilungelelanisa ukhuseleko kunye nelungelo lokhuseleko. Indima yabahloli-ofisi abaphethe amasebe kunye noomphathi bombutho-ngquthela-mthetho isalathiso i-mthetho ihlala ibalulekile ekuthinteleni ukuchatsha kwelungelo le-Dene.

Isiphelo

Iingqiniwa kunye nolwahlulo asiyonto isetyenziswayo yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo kodwa sisakhiwo esiphilayo esikhusela amalungelo ethu imihla ngemihla. Ngokwahlula-hlula amandla phakathi kwamasebe amathathu nokunika izixhobo zokuxhathisa amanye, inkqubo yeMelika iqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente uhlala ethembekile kwaye inkululeko yabantu ayinikelwanga ukukhulula. Ukusukela kwi-veto kunye nohlolo lomthetho lwezibonelelo lwemali, ezi nkqubo zilungele ukumelana neemfazwe, iingxaki zezoqoqosho, kunye nesiphithiphithiphithiphithi-phithi-phithi-phithi lwezopolitiki. Kodwa isixokelelwano sifuna ukuhlala siphaphile. Xa abemi beqonda amalungelo abo, xa iiNkomfantlukwano zabo ziqinisekisa indima yabo, xa ooMongameli bewuhlonela umgaqo-siseko, yaye besawujonga umgangatho wabo wokuzimela.