Isakhiwo semisebenzi asiseyofanela encinane elawulwa yiqela leminyaka enye. Abantu abaphila ixesha elide, abaphumla kamva, nezizukulwana ezincinane abasebenza ngesantya somsebenzi, imibutho yanamhlanje ifumana ezine. Ngokunjalo zenza isizukulwana santlanu phantsi kophahla olunye okanye olubonakalayo. Olu tshintsho lwengingqi lwamanani abantu lunyanzelisa abalayishi bemithetho, iinkokeli ze-HR, kunye nabalawuli ukuba bahlolisise imithetho, imigaqo, nezithethe zenkcubeko ezikhusela abasebenzi ekucaluni kwabantu abakhulileyo. Umbuzo awusekho nokuba ucalucalulo olukhoyo kusini na, kodwa nokuba izakhiwo zethu zangoku zixhotyiswe ukusingatha ukuntsonka kwemithetho, iinkokeli zeminyaka ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Ukutshintsha Ngokukhawuleza Kweenkqubo Zokusebenza

Ngokwe-Bureau of Labor Statistics yase-U.S., isabelo sabasebenzi abaneminyaka engama-55 nangaphezulu kulindeleke ukuba sikhule ukusuka malunga ne-23% kwi-2020 ukuya malunga ne-25% ngonyaka wama-2030. Okwangoku abasebenzi abaneminyaka engama-25-544 bayancipha njengomlinganiselo wesiqendu somsebenzi opheleleyo. Ngonyaka wama-2034, amaMelika aneminyaka engama-65 kunye nangaphezulu ayakufumana inani elingaphezulu labantwana abangaphantsi kweshumi elinesibhozo okokuqala embalini. Oku akuyiyo nje intsingiselo ye-U.S./8, i-Japan, i-Itali, kunye nezinye iintlanga ezininzi eziphucukileyo ziya kufumana iminyaka efanayo.

Oku kuthetha ntoni kumgangatho ophakathi weminyaka engama-65 esebenzayo? Kuthetha ukuba injineli eneminyaka engama-65 ubudala isebenza kunye nonyaka wama-22 ubudala, nganye izisa amathemba ahlukeneyo, amava, kunye nendlela yonxibelelwano. Ubomi bemisebenzi buyanda; abantu abaninzi ngoku basebenza ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-60 okanye engama-70 ngokukhetha okanye ngemfuneko okanye ngemfuneko. Kwangaxesha linye, abasebenzi abaselula bangena kunyaka ophezulu kunye neembono ezintsha. Umngcipheko wokunqamleza isizukulwana se-snergyygy umkhulu, kodwa ke ngoko umngcipheko wokungaqhekeki komdla wobudala xa uhlala uqinile kwimiqathango yovavanyo oluphelelwe lixesha.

Imisebenzi Yakutshanje Engokwasemthethweni: Ngaba Iyahambisana?

EUnited States, isiseko sokhuselo localucalulo lobudala yi-Age Discrect in Obster Act (ADEA) yowe-1967, njengoko ilungisiwe. I-ADEA iyalwalela ucalucalulo kubantu abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu ubudala ekuqeshweni, ekukhuthazweni, ekukhulisweni, ekuhlawuleni, kwimbuyiselo, nakwimiqathango okanye kwiimeko zomsebenzi. Isebenza kubaqeshi abaqeshi abamalunga nama-20 nangaphezulu, kuquka urhulumente, urhulumente, kunye norhulumente wasekuhlaleni. I-Accutime Slodys Brounity Commissionment (EOc) yiKhomishinethi yolawulo ye-EOc (EOC) ephambili yokugunyaza i-ADEA.

Ngoko ke, iADEA inezithuba eziphawulekayo. Ayikhuseli abasebenzi abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40, ithetha ukuba abaqeshwa abaselula abajongene nocalulo olugqwethekileyo lobudala (ngokomzekelo, bagqithiselwa ngenxa yonyuselo ngenxa yokuba "bebancinane") abakhange bafumane uncedo lwamazwe asekuhlaleni. Ngaphezu koko, iADEA inemilinganiselo egqithisileyo kunayo eminye imithetho echasene nohlanga-lwaluko: abasebenzi abangeyo abo bamele babonise ukuba ubudala bebo "kodwa-obe-"nobangela wesenzo esinzima, hayi nje kuphela ifekthta ekhuthazayo. Oku kwenza umqobo ophezulu wento ebhaliweyo esemthethweni.

Imithetho yephondo maxa wambi ivala le zithuba. Ngokomzekelo, iParadio Holody and House Act yaseKhalifoniya igubungela bonke abantu, kuquka nangaphantsi kwama-40, iNew York ne-New Jersey ineendlela ezifanayo zokukhusela. Kodwa umthetho olawula iziqendu ezidityanisiweyo ubangela ukudideka kwabaqeshi bemimandla emininzi kwaye ushiya abasebenzi abaninzi bengakhuselekanga ngokupheleleyo kuxhomekeka kulawulo.

Imithetho yokukhusela yamazwe ngamazwe iyahluka-hluka. I-Oficity Union’s Mozecule (2000/78/EC) iyalwalela ucalucalulo lobudala kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu, equka abasebenzi abaselula nabakhulileyo. UMthetho we-Unity Kingdom we-Liference 2010 ngokufanayo ukhusela ukucalucalulwa kwabantu abadala nangona ungenalucalulo lwezothulo zokwenene. Amazwe afana neJapan noMzantsi Korea amisele imithetho elawula ukuyeka umhlala phantsi komhlala-phantsi enyuka kancinci, kodwa inkcubeko iyaqhubeka ibambelele kakhulu kwimilinganiselo yobudala.

Ucelomngeni Olubalulekileyo Kwiminyaka Engafaniyo Neminyaka Yemisebenzi

Iinguqu zenkqubo yokusebenza kwenqanawa zizise iingxaki ezininzi ezicacileyo. Ezi asiyomibandela nje engokwasemthethweni, kodwa yimiqobo esebenzayo nengokwenkcubeko enokuthi, ukuba ayifakwanga, ibangele umonakalo kwimveliso, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye nokuzigcina uthelente.

Iintlobo Eziqhubekayo Zeminyaka

Phezu kwayo nje imashumi eminyaka yokuqeqeshwa okuchasene nocalucalulo, ukujongwa kobungcali abasebenzi abakhulileyo kuyaqhubeka. Iimbono eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukuba abaqeshwa abadala abakwazi ukutshintsha, abasebenzi abangenamandla, abanexabiso eliphezulu, ababiza imali eninzi ngenxa yemali ehlawulwayo kunye neendleko zonyango, kwaye abathathi ntweni-mali ingakolisiyo ngobugcisa. Ngokuchasene noko, abasebenzi abaselula basenokujongwa njengabanomxholo, abanganyanisekanga, okanye abangalufumani ugwebo olungo lobugcisa. Olu tyelelo luphembelela izigqibo zokuqesha, uvavanyo lomsebenzi, kwaneembango ezingacwangciswanga. Uphando lwama-2023 AARP lwafumanisa ukuba phantse 78% kwabasebenzi abadala baye balufumana ucalucalucalucalulo okanye balu lutsha emsebenzini.

Umsantsa Wobuxhakaxhaka Nemfundo Eqhubekayo

Ukutshintsha amanani ngokukhawuleza kuye kwadala ulwahlulo oludla ngokusetyenziswa njengendlela yokuthethelela ucalucalulo lobudala. Abasebenzi abakhulileyo abangakhulanga nge-intanethi okanye nge-media yezentlalo bangathatha ixesha elide ukuqhelanisa ne-software entsha okanye amaqonga. Noko ke, lo msantsa udla ngokuba ngokugqithiseleyo. Abasebenzi abaninzi abakhulileyo babonakalisa ubuchule obunamandla bobugcisa, kwaye ingcamango yokuba ubuchule bobugcisa obuhambelana nobudala buya bungachananga. Ucelomngeni lokwenene asiko ukukhula kodwa kukufikelela ekuqeqesheni. Intlangano ezifaka imali eqhubekayo ekufundeni nasekubulaleni bonke abasebenzi ziyakwazi ukuvala ngokukhawuleza lo msantsa. Abo bangalahlekelwa ulwazi olubalulekileyo.

Iimbambano Zesizukulwana Nendlela Zonxibelelwano

Izizukulwana ezahlukeneyo zizisa uthungelwano olwahlukileyo . "email vs" olukhethwayo lonxibelelwano. Imiyalezo ekhawulezileyo, ijonge ubuso nobuso bothungelwano. Ukuhamba okukhawulezayo. Xa eziyantlukwano zingaqondwa kakuhle, ukhuhlano lungavela. Umzekelo, umphathi wesigcini zithuba somntwana angachaza umyalezo oqhelekileyo womqeshwa ozizolileyo womsebenzi njengongahloneli mbeko, lo gama umqeshwa ewujonga njengosebenzayo. Ukuba ushiywe ungashiywanga, ukhokelele kwizityholo zobudala okanye ubutshaba. Ubuchule bongquzulwano kunye neenkqubo zokunika iziquququ zenzala eziphezulu zinokuyibangela ukuba i-ethe ncam.

Ukuthamba nokuhlala kufuna amawaka

Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo owenziwe kude nowemixube, kodwa asingawo onke amaqela amadala afuna ubhetyebhetye obufanayo. Abasebenzi abakhulileyo bangafuna indawo yokuhlala kwiimeko zempilo, ngelixesha abasebenzi abatsha besenokuxabisa ukuzimela indawo. Inkqubo enye yokulungisa yonke ingakhetha ngokungalindelekanga. Umzekelo, ukufuna bonke abasebenzi ukuba babe seofisini iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki kungachaphazela ngokungenakulinganiswa abasebenzi abadala abafuna ukulawula iimbopheleleko zempilo okanye zokunyamekela. Ngokufanayo, bacinga ukuba ngabasebenzi abancinane kuphela abafuna umsebenzi owenye indawo ekude abafuna ukuthoba isiphiwo esidala abanoxabiso.

Iingozi Ezimanyeneyo: Ucalucalulo Lweminyaka Yokwahlula Amanani

Enye yezona ndawo zingxamisekileyo neziphantsi kolawulo localulo lobudala kukusetyenziswa kobuntlola obungeyomfuneko (AI) kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesigqibo esizenzekelayo ekuqesheni, ekuhloleni umsebenzi, nasekunyuseni. Imithetho-mthetho eqeqeshiweyo kwi-data yembali idla ngokuphinda ifane nembono ekhoyo. Umzekelo, ukuba inkampani yangaphambili ephumeleleyo yayinobuchule ekusetyenzisweni kwayo ngokweminyaka engama-30, inkqubo ye-AI isenokufunda ukuphelisa izingcebo ezidala. Le "algorithmicism" inokusebenza ngokungabonakali nayiphi na imbono ekhoyo. I-EOC ikhutshelwe ukhokelo lokusetyenziswa kwe-AII nezigqibo zemisebenzi, igxininisa ukuba isiHwe noADE isebenzisa kwana xa ucalucalucalucalucalucalucalucalulo oludala. Kodwa, abaqeqeshi basebenza nzima, kwaye abasebenzi abaninzi abasebenzi abangophi ngeminyaka yabo.

Imbono Yomhlaba Wonke: Izifundo Ezivela Kumazwe Asemzini

Ngeli xesha i-U.S. ine-ADEA, amanye amazwe anika ezinye iimodeli. EFinland, abaqeshi kufuneka baqhube ucwangciso lobudala njengenxalenye yezibophelelo zomsebenzi zomsebenzi kunye nokhuseleko. EJapan, iSebe lokuzinzisa umsebenzi wabantu abadala likhuthaza iinkampani ukunyusa iminyaka yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi okanye abathatha umhlala-phantsi. Imithetho ye-European Union iyaluthintela ucalucalulo olungqalileyo nolungangqalanga ngqo, kwaye amanye amalungu aye ahambela phambili ngokuvala umhlala phantsi komhlala phantsi omiselwe ngokweminyaka engaphantsi kakhulu.

I-South Korea, enenye yeengcungela zemisebenzi ehlabathini lonke, yamisela umthetho ngo-2016 othintela ukucalucalulwa kwabantu ngokweminyaka eqeshwayo, kodwa ukunyanzeliswa komsebenzi kuyaqhubeka kubuthathaka kwaye isimo sengqondo sokukhula kwenkcubeko siyaqhubeka. Le mizekelo yezizwe ngezizwe ibonisa ukuba ukhuseleko olusemthethweni kuphela alwanele; utshintsho lwenkcubeko nokunyanzeleka komthetho lubalulekile ngokufanayo.

Imeko Yokwahlukana Kwabantu Ngeminyaka

Ngaphezu kokuthobela kunye nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, umahluko wobudala buluncedo olulungelelanileyo. Uphando oluninzi, luquka uphando oluvela ku Mckilinsoy, lubonisa ukuba amaqela alungelelanisiweyo angabantu abadala aphucule kwaye angcono ekwenzeni izigqibo. Abasebenzi abadala bazisa amava, uzinzo, kunye noqhagamshelwano lwenethwekhi; abasebenzi abaselula bazisa iingcamango ezintsha kunye nobuchule bamanani.

Ngokubhekele phaya, njengoko abathengi bekhula, iinkampani ezibonakalisa isiseko sazo samanani abantu zingayiqonda kwaye zibancede. Ukungahoyi ukwahluka-hluka kobudala kuyingozi yokuphambuka kwecandelo elikhulu nelikhulayo labathengi. Ngokutsho kwe- i-World Economic Forum, amandla ehlabathi enkcitho kubantu abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu kulindeleke ukuba afikelele kwi-R35 000 000 000 000 000 ngonyaka ka-2030.

Imilinganiselo Yexesha Elizayo Yokukhuselwa Kocalulo Lobudala

Xa kujongwa iziphumo zoluntu kunye nomngcipheko ovelayo, amaqhinga amaninzi okujonga phambili ayaphikisana kwaye aphunyezwe ngabaququzeli bemithetho, abaxhasi kunye nabaqeshi abacinga phambili.

Ukwandisa umlinganiselo wemithetho elwa nongquzulwano

Esinye isicelo kukuhlisa okanye ukuphelisa umlinganiselo wobudala bokukhusela phantsi kwe-ADEA, ukuze bonke abasebenzi bakhuseleke kwikhethe lobudala. Oku kungadibanisa umthetho we-U.S. ngokusondele ngakumbi nemithetho ye-EU yomyalelo kunye ne-orential ka-California. Enye indlela kukufaka "umgangatho" njengophawu olukhuselweyo phantsi kwemimiselo yamalungelo abantu esizwe apho ingakhange iqukiwe, kwaye kuqiniseki iindlela zokunyanzelisa ezinje ngokuvumela iimvavanyo zejaji (ngoku ezingekhoyo kwimithetho ye-ADEAAAadiediod) kunye nokuthoba umgangatho wokuhlalisa.

Ukulawula I-al kunye nokwenziwa kwesigqibo okuzenzekelayo

Abenzi bomthetho bacinga ngomthetho oya kufuna abaqeshi ukuba baphicothe imithetho yabo yemithetho-manani yokuqesha echasene nobudala, kunye nohlanga, ubufana, kunye nokukhubazeka. UMthetho we-Akhawunti ye-Accordic Accountings kwiKhomishini yase-U.S., nangona ingekadluliswa, ukhomba-nkqubo kwikamva apho iinkampani zimele zingazibonisi iinkqubo zazo ze-Alkho. Abaqeshi kufuneka baqhube ngokugxame iingxelo zemali zemithetho ngoku, phambi kokuba banyanzelele ukuba bazenze.

Ukukhuthaza ubudala beminyaka epheleleyo

Imithetho eyingenelo kuzo zonke izizukulwana . "njengeenkqubo zomsebenzi ezibhetyebhetye, ukufunda ubomi bonke kuxhomekeke, kunye neenkqubo zokucebisana kwesizukulwana ngasinye `icuthe ukhuhleko olukhokelela kwizinto ezicalucalulweyo. Imibutho emininzi ithatha "impumelelo" ekufakeni izinto zayo zokuzifumana, ibalaselisa ukuba zixabisa amava njengangoko zisanda. Ezinye zinikela "iinqanawa zokubuyisela" kubasebenzi abakhulileyo emva kokwahlukana komsebenzi.

Uqeqesho Nezinyathelo Zokulumkisa

IBhaas iqeqeshelwa ukuchaza ubudala obuthe ngqo obubhekisa kubude beminyaka, kwaye yenza njalo ngendlela equka ubutsha kunye nabadala, kwaye banganceda ekutshintsheni indlela yomsebenzi. Noko ke, uqeqesho lodwa alwanelanga ngaphandle kotshintsho lwenkqubo. Iinkampani kufuneka zihlole iinkqubo zobuchule bokwenza kolwimi lobudala-ngahambelani nolwimi, zisuse umhla wokuzalwa ukusuka kwingxubusho yokuqala yesicelo, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba amapali okunyusa aquka ukufuzisela okunqamleza isizukulwana.

Ukuxhasa Ukufunda Nokubulala Ubomi Bakho Bonke

Enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokulwa nobudala bobugcisa kukunikezela amathuba okufunda aqhubekayo kubasebenzi babo bonke ubudala. Xa abasebenzi abakhulileyo benikwa ithuba elifanayo lokubulala abasebenzi abaselula, umsantsa wobugcisa, kunye nojikelezo oluqhelekileyo luyehla. Abanye oorhulumente banika abaqeshi izikhuthazo zerhafu abafaka inxaxheba ekuqhayiseni iinkqubo zabasebenzi abangaphaya kwama-50. [i-Society for Human Resource Management (SRM)[FLM:1] ikhuthaza ukusungula impucuko yokufunda apho ubudala bungenamsebenzi ekuveliseni amathuba okuphuhlisa.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Entlangano Ngoku

Nangona iinguqu zowiso-mthetho zisenokuthatha iminyaka, abaqeshi banokuthabatha amanyathelo acacileyo namhlanje ukunciphisa ucalucalulo lobudala nokwakha impucuko yobudala bobuhlobo:

  • Uqheliselo lokufumana uluvo: Sebenzisa umboniso ongabonakaliyo wokuqalisa (unyaka wokukhupha umhla kunye neminyaka yamava). Inkcazo zomsebenzi azisebenzisi ulwimi olubhalwe ngekhowudi njenge "yombutho" okanye "umgangatho ofanelekileyo" onokuba luncedo ngokupheleleyo kwabatsha abaza kufumana inxaxheba.
  • ujongo lolawulo lomsebenzi: Abaphathi boqeqesho ukuqwalasela ubuchule neziphumo, hayi iziphumo ezinxulumene nobude bobude beminyaka. Imilingo yokwenza iqhina kwiziphumo ezichaphazelekayo.
  • idala amaqela aphakathi: Ukuxuba iminyaka kwimisebenzi yamaqela ngabom ukukhuthaza ukudluliswa kolwazi nokunciphisa ubuhlanga.
  • Imposiso yomsebenzi othambileyo kubo bonke: iinkqubo zokuyila ezivumela ukunyanyekelwa, umhlala-phantsi osusiweyo, kunye nemfuno zempilo, ngaphandle kokubetha naliphi na iqela lobudala.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukubetha iiyantlukwano zeminyaka: Sebenzisa uthungelwano lwangaphakathi ukuphawula iminikelo evela kubasebenzi babo bonke ubudala, kwaye quka iminyaka yobudala kwingxelo yakho eyahlukeneyo nenezobuphi bexesha.
  • [[UMTL: 0] inkcazo yejelo elicacileyo lokunika ingxelo: yenza kube lula ngabaqeshwa ukuxela ucalulo lobudala ngaphandle koloyiko lokuziphindezela, kwaye zithathe nzulu izikhalazo.

Isiphelo: Indlela yokufikelela eneziphazamiso ezininzi

Ikamva localucalulo lobudala alizukubunjwa yimithetho emitsha okanye izigwebo zenkundla. Iya kumiselwa ngendlela ephumelelayo abaqeshi, abaqeshwa, abalawuli bemithetho kunye namaqela olawulo ancedisana ngayo ukucombulula iingcambu zocalulo lobudala. Abasebenzi bengomso balapha namhlanje, badala, bancinane, yaye bahlukene kunangaphambili. Ukukhusela bonke abasebenzi abasukela ebudaleni abangomthetho kuphela nomthetho ofanelekileyo kodwa abanokukwazi ukuvelisa amandla apheleleyo emisebenzi emininzi. Iintlangano eziya kuthi ngoku zikwazi ukuzuza le nyaniso ngoku kakuhle ukutsala, zigcine, zigcine, zikwazi, zize zisebenzise italente ezinamandla kunanini nanini nanini na ngaphambili.

Ukuqhubeka kufundwa, iKhomishini eLinganisayo ye-U.S. inika ugcino-lwazi olubanzi kuMthetho we-Ofisi [[FLT: 0] olunolwahlulo kuMsebenzi , kwaye iAARP ipapasha ingxelo ngokulinganayo ngocalulo lobudala emsebenzini [ ngengqiqo ezisebenzayo kubaqeshi nabaqeshi kunye nabaqeshi.