Indima Yoveli - mali waseOstreliya Ekuxhaseni Izakhiwo Zesizwe

Imisebenzi yokuyila izakhiwo ngezantsi kwendlela ephezulu ukuya kulwando lohola-ndlela olungundoqo, dibanisa umgangatho welaphu lezoqoqosho nelentlalo yase-Australia. I-Australian Treasure ihlala embindini walo msebenzi, ifaka iokhestrabhuractis ezijika iiplani zenkqubo zendalo eziqinisekileyo. Ngokulawula inkqubo yesizwe, ukuqokelela imali yeSizwe, kunye nomanyano olusemgangathweni kunye necandelo langasese, iBhathelekelela ukuba isiporo esibalulekileyo nenkqubela yendlela zisebenza kwaye zigcinwe kwixesha elide.

Ngaphantsi kwe i-Australian Treasury’s[[FLT]] i- pulture, inkxaso-mali yesiseko asingombandela nje wokubhala i-cheques. Ibandakanya amaxabiso anzima okuhlaziya, uhlolo lomngcipheko, ulungelelwaniso, kunye nolungelelwaniso lwemeko yezoqoqosho yesizwe. I-Otherinean isebenza ngesandla-iglove kunye namaqumrhu okuhambisa izinto anjenge-Infrastructions eAustralia kunye norhulumente ukudibanisa imisebenzi ebangela unxulumano, ukuphucula, kunye nokuxhasa ulwando lwabemi. Le mode isebenzisa ulwando lwezinzo lwezimvo ezitshintshayo zelizwe elisebenzisa kwakhona umsebenzi, kunye nohambo.

Imbali Nendaleko Ecwangcisiweyo

Indlela yokusebenzisa inkxaso-mali yezibonelelo yase-Australia iye yatshintsha kakhulu ukususela kwixesha lasemva kwemfazwe. Phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20, iCommonweal yayixhomekeke kakhulu kwimiqathango ethe ngqo kumazwekazi, ngokufuthi idibene nezabelo ezithile. Indima yeNgxelo yeMali yayiyiyo yokuqala yomphathi wesango, iqwalasela ukuthotyelwa nokurhoxiswa kwemali phantsi kwemali exhobisayo Inethwekhi yoThutho lwelizwe [[FLTPP]]. Noko ke, ngaphaya kweminyaka emibini edluleyo, i-Ofeki iye yamkela indima ecwangcisiweyo, eqinisekisiweyo. Ngoku ikhokelela kwinkqumrhuluko yemali ekhuthaza ukufezekisa ushishino lwabucala lwabucala, ngokukodwa ngoncedo lwaseluquluntwini (FLPP) kunye nemali yomboleko.

Olu tshintsho lubonisa zombini iingcinezelo zoqingqo-mali zasekhaya kunye noqheliselo olungcono lwehlabathi lonke. Ukuvuma kweNgciwo yemali ukuthatha izixhobo ezintsha zemali `njenge- yesizwe iRail Corporation kunye ne-Infraublicasureficification Iyunignalign[ Inceda ukukhuthaza ukunikezelwa kweprojekthi ye-Australia ukukhawulezisa iprojekthi namaxesha okunyanzeliswa kwerhafuthe. Ukubon'ukukhuthaza iMelbournech kunye ne Brisbane, inzuzo yentlalo yokhuphiko, inika ukhuphicolo olubhaliweyo phantsi kwemiqathango yemithetho. Ukuzinyelo kuvumela ukuba ipropati yorhwebo ikwazi ukuhlawula irhatya yokwaso.

Imali ePhakamileyo eQhubeleneyo eQhubekekayo

I-Ostreliya isebenzisa inkxaso-mali elungele isikali, umngcipheko, kunye neengenelo zikawonke-wonke zeprojekthi nganye. Ukuqonda ezi zixhobo kubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe indlela izibonelelo zesizwe ezixhaswa ngayo ngemali.

Iimpahla ezithe ngqo kunye nokuhlaliswa kohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Eyona ndlela ilula yekomkhulu linika ulawulo olunikezelwe koorhulumente okanye kumagunya eprojekthi. Uqingqo-mali ngalunye ludwelise izabelo ezikhethekileyo zeeprojekthi zokubaluleka phantsi kweenkqubo ezifana ne- Izivumelwano zobuzwe zoGunyaniso lwesizwe kunye ne Inkqubo yoTshintsho lweZibonelelo ze-Infactrection [[[FLT:]]] Udweliso Lwenkqubo [[FLTLT]]]. Iingcali zezoqoqosho zithelekisa ezi zizicelo ezichasene noqikelelo lwemali, uncedo lwemiqathango, kunye nonyuselo. Umzekelo, ii-RGOLT [FLT:] iibhiligilamu eziphezulu zenkqubo [FLD][FLT] [FFFF]] zifumene ngokuthe ngqo, zinika inkxaso yemali ephambili ye-ondleko ye-onke e-onele ye-ostrety kwindlela yokhuseleko yelizwe lombuso yelizwe lombuso yelizwe.

Unxulumano olusemngciphekweni noluntu (PPP)

IiPPP ziye zaba ligumbi lemali yesiseko sezimali zenkxaso-mali yase-Australia. INgxelo yezobuzwe iquka inkqubo yePPPP yoLawulo lwesizwe . Iqinisekisa ixabiso lemali, ukudluliswa komngcipheko, nokubonakala. Kwindlela okanye isiporo se-PPP, izicwangciso zecandelo labucala, izakha, imali, isebenza, kwaye igcine i-asethi ye-ascessial PPP, ngaphezu konyaka wama-25-35, ngelixa urhulumente ehlawula okanye eqokelela imali ngemirhumo okanye ngokufumana iindleko okanye ukubonelela okufumanekayo. i-PGNT] i-mex [FLT] i-drogne yemirgneeters Sydney kunye [FFF:] kunye ne-Metrone-ethone] apho i-ethoring elungele ukubekwa kwabe.

Ubuchule be-PPP bukwintsebenziswano yokutsala intengo yokhuphiswano ngeli lixa ikhusela abahlawuleli berhafu kwiindleko ezingaphaya. Isoloko ihlola ixabiso lemali izikhokelo ze ikhuphe amaphawu okuqinisekisa ukuba icandelo labucala lineengozi zokwenene kunokuba litshintshe iindleko kuqingqo-mali lwexesha elizayo.

Imali ebhalisweyo kunye neMandla

Kwimisebenzi enezibuyelo ezinamandla zezoqoqosho kodwa ezinde ezihlawulayo . njengangoko kuhlaziywa komvalo wengingqi, inganika imali ebolekiweyo nge-. Le mali ibolekisa ngexabiso lenzala ngaphantsi kwexabiso lentengiselwano yentengiselwano yeshishini (NAIFF) okanye [[FLT]] iGqwebelela iGqweleze i-General General Genetic Comment (CEFC)[[FLT] [FLT3]]. Le mali ityala ithwala inzala ngaphantsi kwexabiso yentengiso yentengiso yentengiso, inciphisa umthwalo wemali kwiprojekthi yeprojects. Ukongeza, i-mali ixhasa ukubotshelelwa kwemigqesholo yemali yemali yesakhiwo, nto leyo evumela imali eninzi kwimali ekhoyo ephantsi, ephantsi kwe-enjini ephantsi ephantsi.

Inkcitho ephambili

Uveliswano lwemali lunika iinkqubo zokhuphiswano apho oorhulumente bevumela ukunikezelwa kweprojekthi kunye nolungelelwaniso olucwangcisiweyo. Umthetho oPhicothayo weNkqubo yeTrack kunye ne-[FLT]] i-Urban Congesition Fund [ iyimizekelo apho iziphumo ze-okhenkethi yemali ezibonisa ukwenziwa kobuchule obutsha, ukuthathiswa kweshishini lasekuhlaleni, kunye nokulondolozwa kwemekobume. Oku kukhuthaza ukuba kubekho uthelekelelo lwemeko yeshishini oluqinileyo kunye nolunyuse umbhobho woshishino.

Iprojekthi yeRail neyokuqhuba imoto:

Impembelelo yeNkcitho iyabonakala kweyona miba ibalulekileyo yaseOstreliya. Ngasezantsi yimizekelo eyintloko yendlela neseyile, ebonisa indlela izigqibo zemali ezikhokelela ngayo kwimiphumo ecacileyo.

I-Inland Rail (IMolbourne ukuya eBrisbane)

E-Rland Rail imela enye yezona zibonelelo zemali zelizwe ezinamabhongo zezithuthi zemali, `i-1,700 yekhilomitha enzelwe ukuhambisa imithwalo ukusuka kwindlela ukuya kololiwe kwaye inciphisa amaxesha okuhamba phakathi kwezixeko ezibini ezinkulu zase-Australia. I-Othernium inikele imali engaphezu kwee-49 zezigidi zemali ethe ngqo, idityaniswe yimali ebolekisiweyo neminikelo yezorhwebo neyombuso. Ingqino yezoqoqosho lwezoqoqosho, ekhokelwa ngabeko lwezezimali zeMali yemali, ibala elincitshisiweyo kwiindleko zendlela, ukuhlisa ukukhutshwa kwekharbon kwi-carbon ukuya ku-nne yempahla, kunye nokhuphiswano oluthe rhoqo. Ulawulo lwe-Inlandslands FIctal Agency (IPLANSPGenetic Agency)[FLANS]

Bruce Indlela ephezulu yolungiso lwenkqubo

I-Bruce Highway, i-artrial enxulumene iBrisbane neCairns, ifumene utyalo oluthe rhoqo phantsi komanyano olude lwexesha elide phakathi koRhulumente weCommonwealth neQueensland. Imali enikezela malunga nezigidi ezingama-500 ngonyaka phantsi kweminyaka eli-15, i-$10 yezigidi zemali ebotshelelweyo. Ukuxhasa imali kusekwa njengomxube wemali ethe ngqo kunye nentlawulo olusekelwe kukhuseleko kunye nobuchule. Indima yemali yemali iquka ukuqwalasela inkcitho, ukuphisana, kunye nemisebenzi ehlaziweyo ehlaziweyo ekwakuhlazisweni okubalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kokhukuliko olufana nolwano lwe-Sun Coase.

Izifundo zeRail kunye nokucwangcisa

Nangona ingekahlali phantsi kokwakhiwa, iNgciwo yezimali ixhase izifundo ezininzi zokungalingani kwenethwekhi ephezulu yesiporo edityaniswe neBrisbane, Sydney, Canberra, kunye neMelbourne. Ezi zifundo `zibiza ngaphezu kwama-50 ezigidi ze-50,(asses) eemfuno, ingeniso, kunye nemodeli yemali esukela kumsebenzisi ukuya kumaqhina karhulumente. Uhlaziyo lwaMali lunika ulwazi ngohlahlo lwe-mali [[FLT:] Isantya esiphezulu esiphezulu esiphezulu [[FLT], edalwe ngo-2022], kunye neprojekthi njengesixhobo sexesha elizayo sokusebenzisa izinto ezingundoqo. Ngexesha lolwakhiwo lwemali luhlala luxhomekeke kulwabiwo lwemijikelo kunye nokuthanda kwezobupolitika, umsebenzi we-Cershoreal ugcina uhleli xa kushishino lwezwezwe.

Imisebenzi emikhulu yendlela: umNtla Connex neWest Connex

Kwizibonelelo zendlela zasedolophini, iiPPP zilawula. IConnex eseSydney Sydney Sydney .a 9 yezigidi zemayile yemoto yaxhaswa ngemali nge-PPP apho indima yeTrebitale ibandakanya ukuseka isakhiwo sokufumana imali, ukuvuma ulwabelo lomngcipheko, kunye nokugada ingeniso yemali ekhoyo. Ngokufanayo, iNtshona Connex, enye yeeprojekthi ezinkulu zendlela zaseOstreliya ezinexabiso elikhulu eliqikelelweyo eliyi-R3,8 lezigidi zezigidi zeerandimali, ixhaswe ngentlanganisela yemali ye-R3, 8 yezigidi zemali yemali ye-R3, ukuqokelelwa kwemali yemali yesebe, kunye nembutho yecandelo lobucala.

Imimandla yephondo nezothutho

Iveliswa-mali yeTree ingumnikelo eBrisbane kodwa inempembelelo kwimisebenzi yengingqi efana ne Armdale ukuya eSydney Rail Upgradity kunye ne-Cross River Rail[[FLT]] eBrisbane. Ukunqamleza uMlambo Rail, i-102 yekhilomitha kunye nezitishi ezintsha, kutsale ii-$.5 zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi ukusuka kwi-Commonety, ngokuqinisekisa imeko yeshishini kunye nomlinganiselo wexabiso lemali. Le misebenzi ibonakalisa ingqalelo yeBhunga kwi-cropool zombini nowomziqum, iqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zemali zinceda ukuhla komsebenzi wezoqoqosho kudede leekomkhulu.

Impembelelo yezoqoqosho nentlalo yeNkcitho yeNkcitho

Izibonelelo zeNkcitho yeOstreliya azipheleli ngokwazo; zisisixhaso sokufikelela iinjongo ezibanzi zezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Impembelelo elinganisiweyo inokubonwa kwiindidi eziliqela.

Ubuchule bokwenza umsebenzi kunye nobuchule boshishino basekuhlaleni

Iprojekthi nganye enkulu idala amawaka emisebenzi yokwakha ngqo kunye neendima ezininzi ezingangqalanga ekunikezeleni amatyathanga. Uvengi ufuna imisebenzi yokuquka Izicwangciso zoshishino lwengingqi zengingqi zokuthatha inxaxheba , ichaza ukuba ipesenti yezivumelwano iya kumashishini ase-Australia. Umzekelo, iprojekthi yaseInland Rail ilindeleke ukuba ixhase umndilili wemisebenzi engama-400, 000 ngonyaka xa kusakhiwa, ngokuthanda ngamandla izinto ezivela kwimijikelo yentsimbi kunye nabathengisi bekhonkle. Imodeli yezoqoqosho icebisa ukuba ingeniso nganye engenisa imali emalunga namawaka ezigidi ezingama-10 000 ezigidi kwimisebenzi engenisa ixesha elipheleleyo ukutyhubela uqoqo.

Ukuvelisa Kuzuza Ngokuncitshiswa Kwenjongo

Iindlela ezingcono zogcino-lwazi zinciphisa amaxesha okuhamba, iindleko zemithwalo ephantsi, kunye nolwandiso lwezoshishino. Ufundo lwemali oluququzelelweyo kwi- Highway Upgrade lufumanise ukuba ugcino-xesha lokuhamba lungalingana nee-$2 zezigidi zezigidi zeerandi kwixabiso elikhoyo kwiminyaka engama-30. Iingenelo zisebenza kwimisebenzi ye-gloric apho ukuhlisa i-train kuguqulela kwiiyure ezilahlekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amafutha asezantsi, kunye nokuphucula ubunjani bomoya. Indleko yemali ye-benefitting ziquka ngokucacileyo ezi zimbuyelo zentlalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zokuxhasa iimali ngaphambi kokubambamba zihambele ngenzuzo yezoqoqosho.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Imisebenzi yokwahlula izakhiwo iquka umlinganiselo onzulu wentlalo, ingakumbi kuluntu olukude nolukwingingqi. Umzekelo, iNgxowa-mali yoPhuhliso yengingqi ye-Australia kunye no[FLT] Ukwakha imimandla engcono iNgxowa-mali yemali [ ukwandisa ubuncwane ngokukhethekileyo kwimisebenzi enika idilesi yodwa. Umzekelo, ukuphuhlisa Imfuno yeBhayibhile ye-yackbacky [[] kunye [iindlela ehamba iikhilomitha ezingama-800 ukusuka kwi-Winton e-Queenslandsland eNtshona Australia.[ice inciphisa iimpendulo zexesha likaxakeka kunye namathuba okuvulelwa kulo shishino lwemigosa. Ii-ovellksi.

Inkcitho nenkcitho efanelekileyo

Nangona impumelelo, iNgxelo yeMali ijongene nocelomngeni oluzingisileyo kwinkxaso-mali yezibonelelo. Ukuphinda uthintelo olululo lubalulekile ekuqondeni iingxoxo zangoku.

Izixhobo zoqingqo-mali kunye nokulondolozwa kwamatyala

Ityala lenethi lase-Australia liye lanyuka ngokubhekiselele kwimilinganiselo ye-COVID-19 yokhuthazo, ukubeka uxinzelelo kwinkcitho yexesha elizayo. Uveko kufuneka lulungelelanise imfuneko yeeprojekthi ezintsha nemfuneko yokugcina i-fiscal ethembekileyo. Olu xinzelelo lukhokelele kwimiqathango eqinisekisiweyo yemali, ukuxhomekeka kwiPPPP, kwaye ukutyhalela kwimisebenzi enika iimbuyekezo zoncedo lokuqala. Ingxelo yempumelelo yemveli yemali igxininisa rhoqo ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kumele kusetyenziswe kwisakhiwo se-fiscal, ithetha ukuba ezinye izicelo zibambekelwe okanye zihla.

Ubandakanyeko lokusingqongileyo noluntu

Iiprojekthi zezibonelelo zale mihla zijongene nokuxilongwa okunzulu kwempembelelo yemekobume kunye nokujongwa koluntu. I-Otherineal ifuna abaxhasi beprojekthi ukuqhuba iiNgxelo zokusingqongileyo (EIS) kwaye ibandakanyeke kunxibelelwano olusemthethweni lukawonke-wonke. Noko ke, ixesha nexabiso lale nkqubo lingalibazisela ukuqalisa iprojekthi kwaye libangele uqingqo-mali oluzalisayo. Uvectora uphando lwendlela yokufumana imvume ngaphandle kokulalanisa kwemigangatho, efana nokwamkela ulawulo olukhawulezayo lwemiqathangomthetho yesizwe. [[FLTLD:1] ukwenzela imisebenzi yokubaluleka kombuso wesizwe. Ukulinganisela isantya kunye nolawulo lobuphathiswano bucala kuhlala kungumngeni

Ukulungelelaniswa kobuRhulumente

Izigqibo ezinika inkxaso zidla ngokubandakanya uhlolo oluntsonkothileyo phakathi korhulumente weCommonwealth kunye norhulumente, ngamnye onezinto eziza kuqala kunye nemijikelo yezobupolitika. INgxelo yemali isebenza njengomlamleli, isebenzisa ukuxhathisa kwayo kwemali ukukhuthaza amazwe ukuba amkele imigangatho yesizwe. Umzekelo, i- yesizwe iSicwangciso seNkqutyana se-Rail [ linyathelo leMsebenzi weMalinge-Mali lokulungisa imilinganiselo yemithetho ye-oyile, inciphisa imicimbi elungele ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zolawulo. Sekunjalo, ukungaphumeleli komanyano kungakhokelela kwizinto eziphantsi kwexabiso okanye ukulibaziselwa, njengoko kubonakala kumaxesha okuqala apho ubungozi bebungabekiwe kakuhle. Inkampani ilungisa izivumelwano zayo ngokuqhubekayo ukuphucul ulawulo.

Icala lexesha elizayo: Ukubuyiselwa, ukulondolozwa, kunye nombhobho ojikelezayo

Xa ikhangela phambili, iOstreliya ivumelanisa imizekelo yayo yemali ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zobugcisa, ukumelana nemozulu nokutshintsha kwamanani abantu.

Izibonelelo Eziluhlaza Nenethi Ulungelelaniso

INgxelo yeMali iya iqwalasela imiqathango eqhubekayo ngelens yomnatha ophelelayo we-Australia. I-Railelectriation, i-carbon esezantsi esetyenziswa kwikonkile yolwakhiwo lwendlela, kunye neenkqubo zothutho lukawonke-wonke zifumana ubunzima obuninzi ekufumaneni inkxaso-mali. [ Imali ye-National Conficiation[ kunye ne- i-Relitancingfanic Facial [ izixhebo ezitsha ezisetyenziswayo ezinokuxhasa iindleko zorhwebo zorhwebo eziluhlaza. Umzekelo, [[FLT:] Sydney-Wester AirseS[FLD]-SD [FLD5] umgca we-SCT] we-TYPGeneticsportans [FFFFFF]]]

Uxinaniso lobuxhakaxhaka kunye noxinaniso lwamanani

Izibonelelo ezikrelekrele `ezinjengenkqubo zezithuthi ezikrelekrele, ezizizo, kunye nokuzigcina ngokutshayelela, zibonelela impumelelo ephambili ukuze iNgciwo yemali izimisele ukuxhathisa. UTshelwano luxhasa abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abasebenzisa amanani [[FLT: 0]] ubugcisa obubini kwimisebenzi emikhulu, ivumela ukufuzisela okucacileyo ukunciphisa ulwakhiwo lwenkunkuma kunye nolawulo lwezixhobo ezisemgangathweni. Imali yexesha elizayo ifuna imisebenzi ukubonakalisa ukukhula kwamanani njengemeko yokwamkelwa.

Ukwandisa Umbhobho OsisiSekelo

Uphayiphi wezibonelelo zeTree yeminyaka elishumi, ehlaziyiweyo kuqingqo-mali ngalunye lwezwe, ngoku ibandakanya ngaphezu kwamawaka ezigidi ze-R2 [R120 ezigidi] kutyalo-mali olubekiweyo. Imisebenzi ephambili elandelayo iquka i [[FLT:] isantya esiphezulu se-Rail Phase 1 (Sydney ukuya kwi-Newcastle), inyusela phambili kunyuso lwe-[[FLT]] Umbatho-Longamputha [[FLT] [FLT] [FL:]], kunye ne-Brisbane entsha kwi-Sun Coast Railgrade [[FLT] ngaphandle kwentlawulo oluqhelekileyo].

Isiphelo

Ukungenelela kweNgxowa-mali ye-Australia ekuxhaseni imisebenzi yezibonelelo zesizwe efana nomzinzo kunye neendlela zinzulu kwaye zingumphumo. Ngokuxuba okuntsonkothileyo kwezipho zemali, iiPPP, iimali-mboleko ezivunyiweyo, kunye nenkxaso-mali ekhuphisanayo, iye yanceda ukwakhiwa kwempahla etshintshayo eqhubela phambili ulwando lwezoqoqosho, unxulumano, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Ngoxa iingxaki zoqingqo-mali, ulawulo lwemeko lwemekobume, kunye nokusebenza kwezentlalo-ntle yezobume, ziyaqhubeka zisenza ukuba izixhobo zayo zifumane inzuzo kawonke wonke umntu. Njengoko i-Australia iqalisa kwigalelo olulandelayo loshishino-mali, i-mali yemali yemali ekhoyo, iyakuhlala isebenza ngokuqinisekisa ukuba imali echithwayo

Ulwazi oluninzi ngesiseko semali se-ostreliya sesiseko semali, tyelela i- ukhokelo lwe-PPP yesizwe kunye nolwakhiwo lwe-Australia.