Ukubekwa kokumkani yenye yezona ziganeko zibalulekileyo zembali nezifuziselayo kwimbali yohlanga. Kangangeenkulungwane, ukubekwa kokumkani ebukhosini kuye kwaphawula isiqalo esisemthethweni solawulo lomlawuli kwaye kuye kwaba nentsingiselo yesithethe nomsitho. Ezi ziganeko aziyozinto zokwabelana ngezithethe, azingoogxala-phambili nje; zingumGaqo-siseko, ezonqulo, kunye neziganeko zesithethe ezidibanisa ubukhosi kubantu kunye noThixo. Ukuqonda imbali nentsingiselo yemibhiyo yokubekwa kokumkani kunika ulwazi olubalulekileyo kwindaleko yolawulo lokumkani, indima yokholo kwimicimbi yolawulo, namandla ahlalayo kwizithethe kwibutho lanamhlanje.

Imvelaphi Yemibutho Yocalulo

Isithethe sokuthwiliselwa izithsaba kookumkani nookumkanikazi bamandulo, nemvelaphi yoofaro eYiputa, abalawuli baseRoma, neenkosi zesizwe kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Noko ke, umbhiyozo wokubekwa kobukhosi ngokusemthethweni njengoko siwuqonda namhlanje wavela ngexesha lasekuqaleni kwamaXesha aphakathi, ephenjelelwa kakhulu yimibhiyozo yamaKristu. Ukumkani wokuqala obhaliweyo wamiselwa umlawuli wengingqi wamaNgesi nguEdgar yayingoka 973 CE eBhatshey, esungulwe nguSaint Dunstan, ubhishopu omkhulu waseCanterbury. Lo mbhishophu wamisela isikhokelo salothethotho lwesiNgesi salandela emva koko nasemva koko iBritane: ukumkani wathanjiswa ngeoli engcwele, wafumana ubukhosi, waza wafunga ukukhusela icawa nabantu.

Isenzo sokuthambisa, esithanjiswe kwisithethe seTestamente Endala sookumkani bakwaSirayeli, saguqula ukuthwiliselwa kwaba sisiganeko esingokwesithethe. Ukumkani wayengengomphathi nje wezopolitiko kodwa waye engumphathi omiselwe ngokungokobuthixo [, okhethwe nguThixo ukuba alawule. Le ngcamango, esaziwa njengelungelo lobuthixo lookumkani, yaba lilungu lesiseko lolawulo lwaseYurophu kangangeenkulungwane. Igalelo lecawa lasebenza ukugunyazisa igunya lomlawuli, isenza ukubekwa kolawulo olumabini kunye nolomoya.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ubukumkani ngabunye bavelisa izithethe zabo ezahlukileyo. Ukumiselwa kwenqanawa kwamaFrentshi, umzekelo, kwakuquka ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile engcwele ekuthiwa yayivela ezulwini ukuze kubhaptizwe uClovis I. Umsitho wamaNgesi, okwangoku, waguquka waquka isifungo sokuqukwa kwe- esisafungwe namhlanje, esibophelela umlawuli ukuba alawule ngokomthetho nangenceba. Ezi ntlobo-ntlobo zephondo zibonisa imbali nemeko yonqulo lokumkani ngamnye.

Inkcazo Yesithethe

Nangona iinkcukacha ezingqalileyo zingafani ngokwelizwe nangexesha, uninzi lwezinyuko ziquka udidi lwezenzo zomfuziselo. Ukubekwa kobukhosi eBritani, okuqhutyelwa eWestminster Abbey ukususela ngowe - 1066, yenye yezona zinto zigcinwe kakuhle ehlabathini. Ngeli ngezantsi zizinto ezibalulekileyo, nganye inentsingiselo.

Isitya sokungqubana

Phambi kokuthanjiswa okanye ukuthsatyiswa, ukumkani kufuneka athathe isifungo sokuqulunqwa . Kwisithethe saseBritane, umlawuli ufunga ukulawula ngokwemithetho, enze okusesikweni ngenceba, kwaye agcine amaProtestanti aguqulweyo kunqulo. Esi sifungo singummiselo osemthethweni, okhumbuza umlawuli ukuba amandla awo akaphelelanga kodwa aphantsi komthetho nentlalo-ntle yabantu. Isifungo siye sahlaziywa ukubonakalisa ukutshintsha iinyaniso zezobupolitika, njengokuqukwa kwesithembiso sokuphakamisa amalungelo abantu bazo zonke iinkolo.

Ukuxutywa Kwale Mithi

Mhlawumbi eyona thuba lingcwele lomsitho yi efihlwayo. UBhishopu omkhulu waseCanterbury uthulula i-oyile enikezelweyo esuka kwi-ampulla yegolide kwikhampani ebotshelelweyo aze athambise ukumkani entloko, ebeleni, nasezandlani. Oku kwenza, kufihlekile emva komphezulu, kufuzisela isipho soMoya Ongcwele nozinikelo lokumkani njengomkhonzi kaThixo. I-oyile ngokwayo ingumxube we-oyile, kuquka i-mura ne-sinamoni, kwaye ingcwele kwinkonzo ekhethekileyo. Ngenxa yendalo yayo engcwele, ukuthanjiswa akusasazwa okanye kucacingwe nzulu.

Ukuthwiliselwa

I ingumsebenzi wokwaleka lixesha xa inguMhlekazi kaEdward, okanye isithsaba esiyimbali sommandla, sibekwe entloko yokumkani nguBhishopu-mkhulu. Isithsaba singumsebenzi wesangqa wegolide ehonjiswe ngezityebi, iingqayi, nomnqamlezo, umela ubukhosi bokumkani kunye nokholo lwamaKristu. Njengoko kubekwa isithsaba, ibandla likhwaza lisithi, Thixo usindise uKumkani (okanye uKumkanikazi). kwaye kuvakala amaxilongo. Oku kusebenza ngokoqobo kwaye kufuzisela ukumkani ngegunya elipheleleyo.

Umqondiso wesiphawuli

Phambi nasemva kothsumelo, i-monarch ifumana izinto ezininzi [[FLT: 0] RESAlia, nganye inentsingiselo ekhethekileyo:

  • [[UMTL:0] Ikrele lelizwe: lifuzisela indima yokumkani njengomkhuseli wokholo nokhuseleko lommandla.
  • [[UMTL: 0] ISiphekepheke kunye noMnqamlezo : imela amandla okumkani okwexeshana kunye nobulungisa.
  • [[UMTL:0] ISiphekepheke esineDovi: imela igunya lokomoya noxolo.
  • I-Orb. Ingqukuva yegolide egqunywe ngomnqamlezo, echaza ihlabathi phantsi kolawulo lukaKristu nomsebenzi wokumkani wokulawula ngemigaqo yobuKristu.
  • [[UMTL:0] IRing: ibekwe kumnwe wemonarch, ithetha umtshato phakathi komphathi nohlanga.

Ukunikelwa kwezi zinto ngokwesithethe kuqinisa ukuba igunya lokumkani lilolokugqibela nelokomoya, nokuba limele lisetyenziswe ngobulumko nangokuthobeka.

Ukubaluleka Kwegama Elingumfuziselo

Ukubekwa kobukhosi asisosithethe sasebukhosini kuphela; sisiganeko esimanyanisayo kuhlanga nakwiSizwe Somhlaba Omiyo.

Intsingiselo Yezobupolitika

Kulawulo lomgaqo-siseko, ukubekwa kobukhosi kuqinisekisa isivumelwano phakathi komlawuli norhulumente. Ngokufunga nokufumana ubukhosi, umlawuli uyayamkela imisebenzi kunye nezithintelo zesithsaba. Oku kwenza kuvumelane nokutshintsha kwegunya ngaphandle kogonyamelo okanye ukungaguquguquki okunokuhambisana nokutshintsha kokhokelo kwezinye iinkqubo. Lo mbhiyozo ukwasebenza njengesiganeko sombuso esihlanganisa iinkokeli ezisuka ehlabathini lonke, uqinisa amaqhina entlalo.

Ukubaluleka Konqulo

Ukubekwa kokumkani kungumsebenzi wamaKristu wokuqala nobalulekileyo. Ubhishophu omkhulu waseCanterbury, umfundisi omkhulu weCawa yaseTshetshi, uyakhokela. Isiseko ngasinye (ukusukela ekuthanjisweni ukuya kulwamkelo loMthendeleko Ongcwele) /emashumi asibhozo inkolelo yokuba ukumkani ulawula ngesisa sikaThixo. Kwixesha lehlabathi eliya likhula, le nkalo ibangele impikiswano, ukanti ihlala ingundoqo womsitho. Kumakholwa, ukubekwa kweso kunguThixo; kubangeyoyalukholo, kusisixhobo esinamandla selifa lesithethe.

Intsingiselo yeNkcubeko neNkcubeko

Uhlomelo ngamaxesha ovuyo olumanyeneyo kunye nekratshi lobuzwe. Lunika ixesha elinqabileyo lamava ahlukeneyo, xa abantu bazo zonke imvelaphi benokubukela ukutyhileka kwesithethe esidala. Ukumiselwa kukakumkanikazi uElizabeth II ngo1953 kwaba ngowokuqala ukunyuswa, ukuzoba ababukeli abaqikelelwa kwi-UK kuphela kunye namakhulu ezigidi ehlabathini lonke. Oku kwaguqula itheko lobukumkani bobukumkanikazi labasebenzi behlabathi jikelele, ukufikelela kwimibhiyo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuthweswa kobukhosi kufanekisela [[FLT: 0] ukwenzeka kunye nokusebenziseka [. Ngamaxesha otshintsho olukhawulezileyo, ukuphinda-phindwa kwemithendeleko yamandulo kuqinisekisa uluntu ukuba amaziko azo ahlala. Imithandazo efanayo, izimbo ezifanayo, kunye nezithsaba ezifanayo zidibanisa ukumkani okhoyo kumgca womnombo osusela emva kweminyaka eliwaka.

Iinguqulelo Zale Mihla Nokuzimisela

Ngoxa iinkalo ezininzi zokubekwa kobukhosi ngokwesithethe zingatshintshanga, imibhiyozo yanamhlanje iye yavisisana nemilinganiselo yale mihla neemeko.

Ulwandiso

Ukubekwa kwezithsaba kwakutshanje kuye kwathatha amanyathelo okubonakalisa iinguqu zebutho labantu lanamhlanje. Ekuthwesweni kukaKumkani uCharles III ngowama-2023, okokuqala, abameli bonqulo oluninzi (kuquka amaSilamsi, amaSikh, amaYuda, neenkokeli zamaBhuda) ezisebenzayo, nangona iinkonzo zesithethe zama-Anglican zahlala zihleli. Lo msitho waquka nobhishophukazi oyibhinqa, obonisa isigqibo seCawa yaseNgilani sokutyumba amabhinqa. Uluhlu lwabakhenkethi balunyuswa ukuquka iingcungela kunye nabasebenzi bokunceda abantu abanobuntu, kunye neenkokeli besithethe sobungangamfa.

Umculo weBhunga nokufikelela

Ukubekwa kolawulo ngo1953 kwaguqula ulwalamano lukawonke-wonke nolawulo lokumkani ngokuvumela abantu ukuba banikele ubungqina ngemibhiyozo emakhaya abo. Ukuthyunjelwa okulandelayo kuye kwasasazwa ngobuchule obuninzi, kuquka 360-degree metages kunye nokungena komsinga ngo-2023. Oku kubonakala kuncede ukuphelisa isithethe ngeli xesha ulondoloza ukuthamba kwaso. Noko ke, amaxesha athile, ngokusuka koko ukuthambisa (h) kusekho ngasese, kukhumbuza ababukeli ukuba lo mboniso ugcina uphawu lwawo olungcwele.

Ukungakhathalelwa Kwecawa Nohlengahlengiso Olusemthethweni

Nangona ukuthweswa isithsaba kusaqhubeka kuyinkonzo yobuKristu, isifungo sokuqulunqwa sihlaziyiwe ukuhlalisa ibutho labantu abanezinkolo ezininzi. Isifungo sikaKumkani uCharles III saquka isithembiso sokuxhasa amalungelo azo zonke iinkonzo, kwaye isindululo sokungena komnye satshintshwa ukususa ngokucacileyo ulwimi olucaphukisayo kumaKatolika. Ezi nguqu zibonisa ukuqhelaniswa kolawulo lolawulo lobukumkani kwilizwe elikwizininzi ngaphandle kokulahla amaqhina alo amisiweyo ecaweni.

Isikali esincitshisiweyo kunye nokungafikeleleki kwale mihla

Xa kuthelekiswa nokubekwa kwemibhiyozo yexesha elidlulileyo, imibhiyozo yanamhlanje iphinda iphindeke. Ukubekwa kwekumkanikazi uElizabeth II ngo1953 kwakunde kwaye kuntsonkothile; uKumkani uCharles III wayemfutshane kwaye edibene, eneendwendwe ezimbalwa kunye nendlela yokungena ngexabiso eliphezulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezizinzileyo kunye nokufakwa komculo wangoku kwabonisa ukutshintsha kolwazi lwemekobume kunye nobugcisa.

Imigaqo Ephawulekayo Embalini

Ukuhlolisisa ezi ziganeko kusinceda siyiqonde kakuhle indlela okubunjwa ngayo nokubonakala ngayo ixesha lazo.

UKumkanikazi uElizabeth II (1953)

Ukubekwa kwegama kukaElizabeth II ngoJuni 2, 1953, kwakuyisiganeko esiphawulayo. Kwakusisiganeko sokuqala ukubekwa ubukhosi kunyuso, kwaye kwaphawula ukuqala kwesizukulwana esitsha sika-Elizabeth,(ixesha lokuchacha emva kwemfazwe, ukurhoxiswa, kunye nokutshintsha kwentlalo. Lo mbhiyozo ngokwawo wawukukuphinda uqinisekise isithethe ngexesha apho uBukhosi baseBritane babususelwa kwiKholonethi. Ulawulo lukaElizabeth luye lwaba yeyona inde kwimbali yeBritane, ibonda ephantse ukuba luphawu oluyintlolo njengokuqala kozinzo nomsebenzi.

UKumkani uGeorge VI (1937)

Ukubekwa kwenqanawa kukaGeorge VI kwenzeka kumongo owahlukileyo kakhulu. uGeorge VI wathanjiswa kwaye wathweswa isithsaba, kunye nesiqu semeko yezolo. Umntakwabo, uEdward VIII, wayeyekile ukutshata noWallis Simpson, eshiya uGeorge ethandabuzayo ukuba athabathe itrone. Ukubekwa kwenqanawa yekomkhulu kwayilwa ukubuyisela intembelo kulawulo lokumkani. UGeorge VI wathatyathwa wathweswa isithsaba esikhulu, kwaye wathetha, wanikelwa ngelizwi elizolileyo neliqinileyo (Nangokuba eqinileyo), wanceda ukuphilisa amanxeba omkhosi wemfazwe. Ukumkani wakwama - 1937 wadityaniswa kwaye kwafuneka ashunyaywalwe kwaye asasazwe kunomathotholo, wazisa umlawuli kwizindlu ngaphaya kobukhosi.

UKumkani uCharles III (2023)

Ukubekwa koMbindi weSinayi kaKing Charles III ngoMeyi 6, 2023, kwakungokwesithethe kunye nokujongwa phambili. Yagcina isiseko senkonzo ka1953 kodwa yasungula iinguqulelo ezifana nokubandakanywa kweenkokeli zokholo ngaphandle kwe-Church of England, ukusetyenziswa komculo wangoku, kunye nokujolisa kwinkonzo yoluntu. Inkonzo kaKing [[FLT: 0] ikhonzane [iKrone] i-encwadi zeVangeli kunye neqela lengoma ezinyuliweyo ukubonakalisa ingxuluko yeChulumente. Ngaphandle kotshintsho, umsitho wamandulo wagcina iingcambu zawo: ukuthanjiswa, ukuthweswa, ukuthtwa, kunye nokuboniswa kobucukubhedu, konke kwaqhubeka nokucalulwa kwamaxesha aphakathi.

UKumkanikazi uVictoria (1838)

Ukubekwa kukaKumkanikazi uVictoria emkhosini ngo1838 kwakuphawuleka ngokubulawa kwakhe ngokuphandle. .ontanga bakhawuleza ukuqabula izandla, intsimbi encinane yabekwa esandleni esingalunganga, kwaye ubhishophu omkhulu waphantsa ukubeka isangqa emnweni ongalunganga. Kodwa nangona wayedidekile, ulawulo lukaVictoria lwaluza kuba yeyona mide kwimbali yaseBritane ngelo xesha. Ukubekwa kwakhe ekwakuphawule ukuqala kwexesha loshishino nolwandiso lwe- kumkani. Kwakwabeka umzekelo wokubekwa kwenqanawa kwixesha elizayo: uVictoria wagxininisa ekunxibeni isithsaba sakhe sokuvulelwa kwiphondo elilandelayo lePalamente, isithethe esiqhubeka namhlanje.

Isiphelo

Ukubekwa kobukhosi kuhlala kusisithethe esinamandla esibhiyozela ulongamo, ukholo, kunye nokuqhubeka. Njengoko imbali iguquka, imibhiyozo itshintsha, kodwa injongo yayo engundoqo `ukuhlonela ukumkani nokudibanisa uhlanga' iyaqhubeka ihlala ikhona. Ukususela ekuthanjisweni nge-oyile engcwele ukuya ekuthwini igolide yamandulo, zonke izenzo zizele yintsingiselo engaphaya kokudluliswa kwamandla. Kwixesha lotshintsho olukhawulezileyo, ukubotshwa kwemibhiyo kunika umbono onqabileyo wesithethe esingaphelelwa lixesha, kusikhumbuza ngeziseko ezinzulu zelifa lemveli lethu lemveli. Abo banqwenela ukuhlolisisa ngokubheke phambili, iwebhyubhu ye [FLT:] BB] esemthethweni [FLT] kunye noonke oovimba bolwazi oluhlalayo.[5] ugcino oluninzi loncedo lwehlabathi, [FL.[5]