Imvelaphi Nendaleko Yomlindi Wesizwe

Imvelaphi ye-United States National Guard ibuyela emva kwimikhosi yamathanga enkulungwane ye-17. EMassachusetts, imikhosi yokuqala yamajoni yasekwa ngo1636(a umhla ngoku isaziwa njengokuzalwa kwenkqubo yesizwe yogada. La marhamente athe aqeqeshwa rhoqo kodwa aba nemisebenzi yasekuhlaleni, ephendula kuphela xa ikoloni yawo ijongene nohlaselo. Lo mzekelo wokhuselo lwasekuhlaleni wathwalwa kwiNguquko yaseMelika, apho amaqela emikhosi yamajoni alwa eLexington naseConcord, kwaye kamva aseka umzi woMkhosi woMkhosi wephondo lwaseGeorge Washington eNtshona Washington ngethuba lokulwa okunzima.

Emva kokuzimela ngokwayo, iMilitia Acts yonyaka wewaka linamakhulu asixhenxe anamashumi asixhenxe anamashumi asibhozo alungeleleneyo kwaye kwafuneka ukuba onke amadoda amhlophe anokukwazi ukukhonza. Kwinkulungwane ye-199, le mikhosi yombuso yaguquka yaba ngamaqela amatsha - ntliziyo alungelelanisiweyo, aziwa ngokuba “ngamajoni omkhosi ohlukeneyo.” Dick Act ka1903 Incomela iqondo lokujika: yadala iNxanduva yesizwe ngokumisela imikhosi yalene nemigangatho yomkhosi karhulumente worhulumente, ibonelela ukuxhasa nokufuna uqeqesho oluthe rhoqo. Eli lizwe libini laba lingumsebenzi wophuhliso lwabiwo lwezomthetho lwezomkhosi wasekhaya okanye lombutho-Mongameli wezo ezinkulu.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, iNational Guard yayiguqukile ukusuka kwingqokelela ekhululekileyo yamaqela okhuselo asekuhlaleni yaba lilungu eliqeqeshiweyo lomkhosi wase-U. Amadoda ayo agqobhoza iimpelaveki, iintente kunye nomkhosi wasehlotyeni, kwaye ahlala ekulungele ukumisa xa uhlanga lubizwa. Esi siseko sasiza kuvavanywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwinkulungwane ezayo.

IMfazwe Yehlabathi I: Ugada Ujongile ENtshona

Xa iUnited States yangena kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I ngo1917, iNational Guard yamiselwa ngokukhawuleza yaza yahlulwa. Eyona idumileyo yayiyi yeyayiyi-42 ye-“Rainbow”''Udityaniso[FLT] ``iqela leqela lee-gadentis zogada mazwe angama-26. Yalwa kwimfazwe enkulu equka iCâteau-Thierry, iSaint-Mihiel, kunye neMeuse-Argonne egxekayo. Amanye amaqela aBagadi, njenga 26 (Inkalasi) kunye 29th (uBlue) (ubomvu no-Gray), kwakhona yalwa nomkhosi omkhulu. Ngokunjalo isithathu umkhosi owezongamakhulu amajoni adityani e-Europe, kunye ne-100,000.

Imfazwe yaqinisekisa ukungxama konogada kodwa kwakwabhencwa ukunqongophala kwezixhobo noqeqesho. Iiyunithi ezininzi zogada zafika eFransi ziphethe imipu evela kwiSpeyin-American War kwaye kwafuneka ziqeqeshwe kwakhona nguMkhosi oPhakathi. Phezu kwazo nje ezi nzame, amajoni afumana intlonelo kubaphathi bemikhosi yamaZwe aXethileyo. Umkhosi wesizwe wangqina ukuba umkhosi wexesha elithile unokuba negalelo eliqhelekileyo kwimfazwe yanamhlanje yezoshishino.

Emva kwe-Armistice, uVavalel basuswa kwaye babuyiselwa kulawulo lorhulumente, kodwa baza kuphinda bakhiwe ngokucothayo ngexesha le1920 kunye ne1930. Izifundo zeMfazwe Yehlabathi I zakhokelela ekudibaniseni ngcono noMkhosi oPhakathi/ukudityaniswa okuza kuhlawula inzuzo kungquzulwano lwehlabathi olulandelayo.

IMfazwe Yehlabathi II: Ukuthunjwa ngokupheleleyo

IMfazwe Yehlabathi II yabona ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwesizwe sogada kwimbali. Ngo1940, xa kwakugquba imfazwe eYurophu, uMongameli uFranklin D. Roosevelt walawula onke amaqela aBagada ($] isimemo sokuqala soxolo kwimbali yeMelika. Abagada abangaphezu kwama-300 000 bavuselelwa phambi kweZibuko iPearl, yaye ngo1945, izahlulo ezili-18 zogadalo zalwa kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Imizekelo engundoqo iquka [[FLT: 0] 9th Infantry Division, eneeyunithi ezivela eVirginia, eMaryland, ePennsylvania, naseSithili sase-Columbia. I-29th yamisa e-Omaha Beach nge D-D, Juning 6, 1944, yaza yalwa igubungela eNormandy nase Jamani. [[FLT:]] i-45th Paintry Division [[[FLT:]], i-Thostries" esuka e-Oklahobay nakumzantsi , yasebenza eSilicily, e-Itali, e-Itali, nasemazantsi eFransi, ekhulula inkampukuzo zoxalo. [[FLT]][FLD]] 322] I-odroft [odkm]

Ekhaya, iiyunithi zomkhosi zazigada iibhulorho, imizi, kunye nezityalo zamandla; zibhabhela iinqwelo moya ezilwa nenkwili kunxweme; kwaye ziqeqeshiwe. Igalelo loMgaqo-moya lilonke ladlula kumajoni angama-300,000 asebenzayo emsebenzini (ii-20% yamandla emkhosini kwincopho yemfazwe. Amava aguqula igalelo legalelo lamajoni ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina elizizingelayo laya kuba yindawo yokusebenza exhomekeke kuyo yonke imfazwe yamva.

IMfazwe Yomlomo: Korea NeVietnam

EKorea: Ukuhlaselwa Ngehlombe Ngenxa Yemfazwe Elinganiselweyo

Xa uMntla Korea wahlasela uMzantsi Korea ngo1950, umkhosi wesizwe waphinda wabizwa kwakhona. Kwinyanga ezimbalwa, amajoni angaphezu kwekhulu elinamashumi mathathu anesibhozo athathiweyo, kwaye amacandelo amathathu aBagada (ama-40th (amaKlaoma), angamashumi amane anesine, kunye nama-28 (iPennsylvania) afumana iQumrhu lomongameli (Premilia). La maqela athathe inxaxheba kumkhosi onzima, kuquka iDalo loMkhosi wentliziyo kunye nokhuselo lwe-Puncilla Perimeter. [[FLT:]] 40th REction Iqela lobupostiant [FLT]]

Imfazwe yase Korea yatyhila iingxaki ezingundoqo: iiyunithi ezininzi zoKhuselo zaziphantsi koxinzelelo kwaye zazingenazo izixhobo zangoku. Amanye amajoni ayesathwala imipu yeMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ukuzilungiselela kwathatha ixesha elide kunokuba kwakulindelekile, kwaye umkhosi wabuza ukulungele kogada. Oku kwakhokelela kwiinguqu ezinkulu phantsi koqeqesho [[FLT: 0]] Ukurhoxa kokhuselo lweReorganing Act ka 1958 [ kunye noMthetho wemikhosi ye-Gawula ka- 1955, oye wafaka ingqeqesho eqinileyo kunye neeyunithi ezingcono zokhuselo zomkhosi kwinjongo zemfazwe.

EVietnam: Impikiswano Notshintsho

Imfazwe yeVietnam yanika uLonga lwesizwe nolona celomngeni lwalo lwahlukanisayo. Ngokungafaniyo neemfazwe zangaphambili, Abagada babengazilungiselelanga ngokupheleleyo eVietnam. Endaweni yoko, iSebe lokhuselo laxhomekeke kwimikhosi yedrafti kunye nemisebenzi esebenzayo, inkoliso yalo ithumela amatsha - ntliziyo ngamanye okanye amaqela amancinane ukwenzela iinkonzo ezithile. Licandelo elinye kuphela elinamajoni . . .Ntokinye kuphela lama-49th izixhobo zokulwa eTexas.

Oku kusebenza okusikelwe umda kwakhokelela ekumangaleleni ukuba uMgaqo-majoni ube likhusi labazikhuseli bomjuxuzo. Uhlolisiso lwangowe-1969 lwe-Congregational Research Service lwafumanisa ukuba umkhosi wesizwe wawumhlophe kakhulu, udidi oluphakathi, kwaye ufunda ekholejini . kwaye umgangatho wobomi oye wanento yokwenza lula ukufikelela kwizithuba zogada ngexesha ledrafti. Noko ke, iiNqaqo ezininzi zazisebenza eVietnam njengezixhasi, kwaye amanye amazwe axhasa imisebenzi enjengezinxulumanisi zolawulo kunye nezokhuselo lomoya. IVietnam yafumana amava onakalise umfanekiso kawonke-wonke-wonke kunye notshintsho olunyanzelelwayo ukwenzela ukuba i-Rhead ukuba i-arm ibe nommeli olula nokulula.

IPost-9/11 C.E: I-Iraq neAfghanistan

Ukuhlasela kwabanqolobi ngoSeptemba 11, 2001, kwatshintsha ithutyana elisetyenziswa yiNational Guard. Kwiiyure ezimbalwa, amajoni ayekhusela iinqwelo-moya, iibhulorho, kunye nezakhiwo zesikhumbuzo zesizwe. Isigqibo sikaMongameli uGeorge W. Bush sokuhlasela iAfghanistan (2001) neIraq (2003) sabangela ukuba kubekho umkhosi omkhulu nomkhulu kunayo yonke ukususela kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Ngonyaka ka-2005, amagosa angaphezu kwama-300,000 abekwe kuMbindi-Mpuma. ka42] Iqela lomkhosi liquka amaqela emfazwe. Amaqela akwiqela elincinane asebenza ngokuzinzisa: ukwakha izikolo, amapolisa e-Iraq, kunye nokukhuthaza iingxabano zezizwe. E-Afghanistan, i-Brigsity Brigne Costat[[FLT:]] u-86] Iqela lamajoni alidiza iqela labaQondi bomnqanoshe. Amaqela amaqela amaqela ancedisa uzinzolo: ukuqeqesha izikolo, amapolisa e-Iraq, kunye ne-mediating. Ku-Afghanistan, [[FLT:] i-Grigrand Brit[FLT] [iv] kwiqela elinobumba elinzima lemfazwe, amanye amacandelo amaqela aphezulu eegosahluzo.

Ubude bemfazwe .Imfazwe yaphendula nge Umkhosi womkhosi [[FLT:], owawenza amajoni asebenze, amaqela amaninzi asebenza izihlandlo ezithathu okanye ezine. Izixhobo zatshatyalaliswa, kwaye zaphelelwa. Lo Mkhosi waphendula nge- Umthetho woMkhosi , owawenza ukuba uMgaqo-majoni ube yindawo esebenzayo, oko kuthetha ukuba amaqela abalindi babeza kuphinda basetyenziswe kanye njengamaqela asebenzayo. Lo mjikelezo emva konyaka ka-2015, xa i-gaqo lomkhosi unika rhoqo amashumi amathathu ama-40 ekhulwini amandla omkhosi omkhosi e-Iraq nase-Asbon.

Ngeli xesha, Ugada lwesizwe waphaphazela amawaka emisebenzi exhasayo kwimidlalo yeqonga, kuquka iinqwelo moya, ukhangelo, kunye nokuphakanyiswa komoya. Abaqhubi benqwelo-moya babhabha iF-15s, A-10s, kunye ne-Diower drones, ngokufuthi ukusuka kwisiseko sangaphambili kwindawo. I-Air Guard yanikezela malunga nama-20 ekhulwini eenqwelo-moya epheleleyo yoMkhosi womoya kunye nesabelo esiphezulu senkxaso yomoya kuMbindi-mpuma.

Imisebenzi Yasekhaya Nokhuseleko Lwasemakhaya

Ngaphezu kweemfazwe zaphesheya, iNational Guard inendima ebaluleke ngokufanayo ekhaya. Ukususela ngo-2001 lo msebenzi uye wanwenwa ngendlela ephawulekayo. Abalindi basabela kwintlekele zendalo (iinqanawa ezitshisa imvula, izikhukula), iziphithiphithi zamakhaya, kunye neengxaki zempilo yoluntu. Ukukwazi kwabo ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kulawulo lorhulumente kubenza babe ngamandla okuzikhethela erhuluntwini.

Inkanyamba uKatrina ngo-2005 yaba yeyona ndawo yatshintshayo. Ngaphezu kwama-500,000 amajoni asuka kwilizwe ngalinye athunyelwa kunxweme lwe-Gulf Coast, eqhuba ukukhangela nokuhlangula, esasaza izinto, enika ukhuseleko. Impendulo yagxekwa ngokucotha, kodwa yakhuthaza utshintsho kuncedo lwesizwe kumsebenzi weFrame kunye nomanyano olungcono phakathi kwe-FEMA ne-RGUS. Ngo-2017, amaqela aBalindi abasuka eTexas naseFlorida asabela kwinkanyamba i-Rhorvey kunye ne-Irma kuhlangulo kumanzi amakhulu kunye nokubuyiselwa kwamandla.

Isifo se-COVOID-19 sabona esona sakhiwo sikhulu sasekhaya kwimbali yabalindi ```Amajoni angaphezulu kwe11 000' kwincopho yaso. Bahamba kwiindawo zokuvavanya, izibhedlele ezinezibhedlele, basasaza imithi yokugonya, kwaye basebenza iibhanki zokutya. Ngo-202020, amagosa amajoni asabela kwisiphithiphithi-phithi-phithi samakhaya emva kokubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd, encedisa ukunyanzeliswa komthetho wasekuhlaleni kumazwe angama-30, eWashington, D.C, ebudeni bohlaselo lwangoJanuwari 6 Capitol.

Ukusabela ngomlilo eNtshona kuye kwaba yimisebenzi engapheliyo. Iiyunithi zenqwelo-moya zoMgaqo-moya zibhabha zihamba ngehelikopta zize zithuthe iqela elidubula umlilo oshushu. Ngo-2024, iKhalifoniya yathumela amadoda angaphezu kwe-1,500 akhusela amagosa atshayo atsha ngaphezu kwesigidi sehektare. Ukusetyenziswa kwenqwelo-moya zogada nezomsebenzi . / Ukuqeqeshelwa ukulwa kodwa kulungele ukulwa noqoqosho lwemeko enzima.

Olu luhlu lubalaselisa ixabiso elikhethekileyo logada. Ngokungafaniyo nelungu elisebenzayo, elimele lithunyelwe phesheya, uKhuseleko lusoloko luhlala eUnited States. Amalungu alo ahlala kwiindawo ezikhuselayo. Olu nxulumano lwasekuhlaleni lwakha ukuthembana kunye nokusabela okukhawulezileyo okungenakuthelekiswa namandla orhulumente.

Ukuqhubeka Nenkqubo Yendaleko Nembono Yexesha Elizayo

ISebe loKhuselo lweSizwe liyaqhubeka lisenza iinguqulelo. Ukususela ngo-2005, iSebe loKhuselo liye lamisela iBware leSizwe njengesenzo sokusebenza, lilinika isihlalo kwiiNtloko eziManyeneyo zeentlanganiso zabaPhathi-mkhosi. Ngoku iNtloko ye-National Guardiau icebisa uMongameli noNobhala woMkhosi kwimicimbi egciniweyo. Le ndima iphezulu ibonisa ukubaluleka koMgaqo-majoni, hayi iso siseko sequmrhu.

Imigudu yangoku yokhuseleko lwekhompyutha, imisebenzi yesithuba, kunye nemfazwe edirna. Amaphondo amaninzi ngoku aphethe I-Defense Emisebenzisko ye-Deber' , apho iingcali zezokhuselo lwekhompyutha zikhusela isiseko esibalulekileyo kwiinqanawa zombane zangaphandle. Iinjongo ze-Air National Guard zokusebenzisa iF-15EX kunye neF-35 yamaqela, asebenzayo. Umkhosi ulawula iinqwelo-mafutha ezintsha ezikhusela i-Mobileyorrobackesterpolaces kwaye ufaka imibhobho yalo yawo yanamhlanje ukuxhasa imisebenzi emininzi.

Xa bekhangela phambili, uKhuseleko luzakujongana nocelomngeni oluthathu: uphando lwexesha elithatha ixesha eliphantsi . Ukugcina amajoni angatshanga emva kweminyaka emibini yemisebenzi eqhubekekayo; ukhuthuzo [ .... "Uqeqesho lokulwa noqeqesho lwemisebenzi yasekhaya ekhupha ixesha kunye nemithombo yemali; kunye nokuhlawula [iiiindawo yoshishino yemakethe yoshishino yetale yoshishino yoshishino yoqoqoso. Umthetho wokhuselo lokhuselo lwelizwe [FFLD:]

Isiphelo: Ilifa Elihlala Lihleli Lesi Silwane

Ukususela kwimikhosi yamakoloni yonyaka wama-1636 ukuya kutsho kumakhuseli ekhompyutha ka-2025, iNational Guard iye yasebenza kuyo yonke imfazwe enkulu yase-U.S. Amajoni ayo aye alwa kwimingxuma yaseFransi, kwimimandla yePasifiki, kwiintaba zeKorea, iifama yelayisi zaseVietnam, iintlango zeIraq, neentaba zase-Afghanistan. Kwakhona aye aba ngabaqala ukuphendula kwiinkanyamba, kwizifo ezimandundu, kunye neziphithiphithi-phithi-phithi. Elifa lisenza iLinda eli liziko elikhethekileyo laseMelika .

Ukubandakanyeka kwegalelo logada kwiimfazwe ezinkulu kubonisa umgaqo ongundoqo wokuzikhusela kwamaMelika: imikhosi elawulwa kakuhle iyimfuneko kukhuseleko lwelizwe elikhululekileyo. Njengoko izisongelo zehlabathi zisiya zisiba nzima, ukutshintsha koonogada, ulwazi lwasekuhlaleni, kunye nobuchule obuphangaleleyo bucwangcisiweyo buqinisekisa ukuba iza kuhlala iyinxalenye engundoqo yegunya lomkhosi wase-U.S. kunye nokuzinziswa kwelizwe. Imbali yeNational Guard ayilothenwa yimfazwe nje kuphela, kwaye iyisiqinisekiso sokuzinikela kwabemi abaqhelekileyo ekukhonzeni xa ilizwe labo kunye noluntu olufuna kakhulu.

Kulwazi oluninzi, tyelela i Iphepha elisemthethweni lomkhosi welizwe elikwimbali, i U.S. College yemfazwe yemfazwe, kunye nenqaku [ I-DoD elikwizikhuseli[[[FLT:]]]