Table of Contents
Isiseko sokubonisa ngaphaya kolawulo lwedemokhrasi
Ukubonakala kwale misebenzi karhulumente kungumgaqo wedemokhrasi woluntu jikelele. Embilinini yawo, urhulumente uthetha ukuba abemi, iintatheli, nemibutho yoluntu ingaqwalasela baze bahlolisise izenzo, izigqibo, kunye neenkcitho zee-ofisi zikarhulumente. Iinkqubo zezomthetho zinika ukunyuka okuguqula lo mgaqo usuka kwinjongo engenakuchazwa ube ngumsebenzi onyanzelekileyo. Ngaphandle komthetho onamandla, ukubonakala okukhanyayo kuhlala kuphantsi kwengqiqo yabo basemagunyeni, kubangela ukuphenjelelwa kwetyala nokukhohlakazeka.
Inyathelo langoku lokuvuleka korhulumente laphumelela kakhulu kwisiqingatha sokugqibela senkulungwane yama-20, kunye nezizwe ezisehlabathini jikelele ezimisela imithetho evumela uluntu ukuba lwazi. Ezi zixhobo zomthetho zimisela iinkqubo zolwazi, zidala amaqumrhu okuvelela, kwaye zichaza imida phakathi kokubonakala ngokucacileyo kunye neminye imicimbi esemthethweni efana nokhuseleko lohlanga kunye nelungelo lobuqu. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa izicwangciso eziphambili ezisemthethweni ezixhasa ukubonakala korhulumente, zihlolisisa amalungiselelo angundoqo kunye neempembelelo zazo, kwaye ziqwalasela iingxaki eziqhubeka zisenziwa.
Isiphumo sokubonisa ngaphaya kwemisebenzi kaRhulumente
Ukubonakala ngaphaya kombane kusebenza imisebenzi emininzi ehambelana kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi. Ukuqonda le misebenzi kukhanyisa isizathu sokuba kufuneke ulwakhiwo olusemthethweni noko kujoliswe kuko.
Izixhobo Zokuphendula Ngorhulumente Ovulekileyo
Xa imisebenzi karhulumente ibonakala kuluntu, amagosa anyuliweyo namagosa asekuhlaleni ajongene neziphumo ezithe ngqo zezenzo zawo. Iikomiti ezilawulayo, ababali-ndlebe, kunye neentatheli eziphandayo zingafumana ulwazi olufunekayo ukuchonga ukungalungisi, ukulahlwa, okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla. Iinkqubo zokubonisana okubhaliweyo okusemthethweni ziqinisekisa ukuba aba badlali bajongene nobuchule abanakuvalwa yimfihlo okanye iziqu ezicalucalucalulo ezisetyenziswa ngaphandle kokugwetyelwa. [[FLT: 0] umsebenzi wokubhalisa wemithetho yokukhanyisa ithetha ukuba abadlali bakarhulumente bayazi ukuba izigqibo zabo zisenokuhlaziswe ekuhleni, nto leyo enokwenziwa ngononophelo, ngokokuziphatha okufanelekileyo.
Ukwakha Nokuxhasa Intembelo Kawonke - wonke
Ukuthemba amaziko kawonke-wonke kuyaphela xa abemi beqonda ukuba urhulumente usebenza emva kweminyango evaliweyo, enza izigqibo ngaphandle kokungeniswa okanye ukuhlolisisa. Ukubonakala ngokucacileyo kuphikisana ngqo nale ngcamango ngokubonisa ukuba urhulumente akananto anokuyifihla. Uphando lusoloko lubonisa ukuba amagunya anemithetho eqinileyo yokubonisa imbonakalo ephakamileyo anokuthenjwa kakhulu ngabemi kumaqumrhu kawonke wonke. Iinkqubo ezingokwasemthethweni zidala ukuthelekelelwa: abemi bayazi ukuba luluphi ulwazi abanokulufumana nokulufumana, nto leyo ekwenza kulula ukuvakalisa ukuba luyinkqubo esebenzayo esesikweni kunokuba kube yinkqubo yokuvumelana.
Ukunika Abemi Ubuchule
Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi kufuna ulwazi. Abami abanakuvota, ukuxhasa, okanye ukubandakanyeka kwintetho yesidlangalala bengakuqondanga oko kwenziwa ngurhulumente wabo. Imithetho ebonakalisa ukukhanya inika izinto ezingalungiswanga ukuze kuhlangatyezwane ibutho labantu ngokuqinisekisa ukuba uqingqo-mali, uhlaziyo lwenkqubo, imigaqo yowiso-mthetho, kunye nezigqibo zolawulo zifikeleleka esidlangalaleni. Abami abangenisiweyo banceda ulawulo olunempumelelo ngakumbi kunye nengxoxo kawonke wonke, ukuqinisa ubunjani bokwenza izigqibo zedemokhrasi.
Ukunciphisa Amathuba Okunganyaniseki
Ukunganyaniseki kuxhaphakile ebumnyameni. Izivumelwano ze-mfihleko, ukuphembelela okungachazwanga, iminikelo efihliweyo, kunye neenkqubo zokufumana izinto ezifihlakeleyo zenza imekobume apho ubuncwane bukawonke-wonke bunokuphambukiswa khona ukuze kufumaneke inzuzo yabucala. Iinkqubo zokubhenca ezisemthethweni zihlasela urhwaphilizo ngokukhupha iziphumo ezigxekayo kwimisebenzi karhulumente. Xa iinkqubo zokufumana iprojekthi zivulekele uwonke wonke, xa ukubakho kweenkampani ezigunyaziweyo zikarhulumente kufuneka zityhilwe, kwaye xa amagosa kawonke-wonke kufuneka avakalise iimpahla zawo, urhwaphili luba nzima ngakumbi ukuqhuba okanye ukufihla.
Izixhobo ezisemthethweni zokwalathisa uRhulumente
ngaphaya kwemithetho, iindidi eziliqela zomthetho zenza umqolo wolawulo lwezikhanyiso. Ezi zicwangciso ziyahluka ngokweenjongo zazo kodwa ziyabelana ngeenjongo kunye neendlela ezifanayo.
Inkululeko Yolwazi: Ilungelo Lokwazi
Inkululeko Yolwazi Zezenzo imela esona sixhobo singqalileyo somthetho sokubonisa ukukhanya. Le mithetho imisela ingcamango yokuba iingxelo zikarhulumente ziyafumaneka kuluntu, ngokuzinzisa, ngokuzinzisa okulinganiselweyo. IFOIA yokuqala eyaziwayo yamiswa eUnited States ngo1966, kwaye imithetho efanayo iye yamkelwa kumazwe angaphezu kwe-100.
Amalungiselelo oMthetho weFOI osebenzayo
Inkululeko ecwangciswe kakuhle yemithetho yolwazi yabelana ngemisebenzi emininzi yokwakha. Eyokuqala, iseka ilungelo lokufikelela lomntu onokuqhelisela ngaphandle kokubonakalisa umdla othile okanye ukuma. Okwesibini, bamisela imida yexesha kwiimpendulo zomaziko, bathintela iindlela zokulibazisa ukukhanyela ngokunempumelelo. Okwesithathu, bafuna amaziko ukunikezela ngezizathu zokukhankanyela nokuyila naziphi na iindlela zokufumana ulawulo kunye nokubheno kwekomiti. Okwesine, imithetho emininzi yangoku yeFOI igunyazisa ukukhutshwa kolwazi oluphezulu lwexabiso, inciphisa imfuneko yezicelo zomntu ngamnye.
Uguqu-guquko lwehlabathi kwimisebenzi yeFOI
Ngoxa ilungelo elisisiseko lokufikelela liqatshelwe ngokubanzi, imithetho ye-FOI yesizwe inyukela ngokwezimo ezibalulekileyo. Inkululeko yolwazi yase United States inikezela ngokuphangaleleyo kodwa iquka iindidi ezisithoba zokungangeni kodwa iquke uvavanyo olubanzi lwezimvo ezithile. [[FLT: 4.] I-Indiyas elungele ukwenziwa kwezentengiso zamazwe. [[FLT:] Inkululeko ye-United Kingdom of Information Act 2000 [[FLT] ngokufanayo inikezela ufikelelo olubanzi kodwa ibandakanya uvavanyo lukawonke-odwa lwe-out. [[FLT:]] [FLT:]] I-INS.iaces elungele ukwenziwa kolwazi 2005[FLT] [icence, nangona inguMvumelwano wonikezelo womsebenzi onamandla olwenze phantsi kwe-Umthetho lwaseYurophu, nangona i-Uni enikezela, i-Uni e-uni, i-octive, engqingqinelayo.[Fo
Impembelelo Nemilinganiselo Yomthetho WeFAI
Inkululeko yemithetho yolwazi inike amandla iintatheli ukuba zityhile amanyala, zincede abaphandi ukuba bafunde inkqubo ephumelelayo, bavumele abemi ukuba bacel ’ umngeni izigqibo zikarhulumente. Noko ke, ukuzalisekisa imingeni kuyaqhubekeka. Ngaphantsi komngeni we-ofisi ze-FOI, ukungonelanga kwabasebenzi besebe, ukuchanabeka kwezobupolitika, nokusetyenziswa okukhulayo kwe-imeyili yabucala kunye ne-apps zoshishino zikarhulumente zoshishino lorhulumente konke kusongela ukuphumelela koorhulumente beFOLT. [[FLT: 0] iofisi yeeNkonzo zolwazi zikaRhulumend [[FLT]] eUnited States kunye neminye imibutho efana nayo ye-ombustman kumazwe asebenza kwamanye amazwe ukuphendula le mingenis
Umanyano lorhulumente oluvulekileyo: Ukuzinikela koninzi ekuboniseni ngaphaya
IOpen Government Serviceship, eyandululwa ngo-2011, imela indlela eyahlukileyo yolawulo lwezibonelelo. Kunokuba inyanzelise iimfuno zomthetho, i-OGP isebenza ngokuzinikela ngokuzithandela okwenziwa ngamazwe anenxaxheba, ahlolwa aze ahlolwe yimibutho yasekuhlaleni.
Izakhiwo noomatshini be-OGP
I-OGP ifuna amazwe anenxaxheba ekuphuhliseni iinjongo zelizwe eziqulethe izibophelelo ezikhethekileyo, ezinokufikeleleka zokuvula urhulumente. Ezi zibopho zomgama wokubonisa ukukhanya, wokuthabatha inxaxheba kwabemi, ukuphendula, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobugcisa obuthile. Isicwangciso ngasinye somsebenzi sigubungela ixesha elibini ukuya kweline leminyaka kwaye kufuneka siphuhliswe ngokuthetha nebutho labantu. Abaphandi abazimeleyo bavavanya ukuthoza okuphuma kwingxelo ye-Independent Mechanimism, evelisa iingxelo zikawonke-wonke kwinkqubela-phambili yelizwe ngalinye.
Imisebenzi Nezikhundla Ezingenakuchazwa
I-OGP iqhube iinguqu eziphawulekayo zokubonisa intelekelelo kumazwe amaninzi. Umzekelo, izibopho ziye zakhokelela ekumisweni kwee-ports ze-intanethi ukwenzela izivumelwano zikarhulumente, ukudalwa kobhaliso oluluncedo lobumnini, kunye nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zoqingqo-mali. Noko ke, abahlalutyi baphawula ukuba izivumelwano zokwahluka-hlukene kakhulu kwiphulo lomnqweno kwaye iindlela zokunyanzelisa azinamandla. Amanye amazwe aye enza izibophelelo ezincinane ngoxa esazibanga iinzuzo ezizizo zobulungu be-OGP. Isivumelwano siyaqhubeka sicombulula imigaqo yawo yokuzinza kunye neenkqubo zokuzihlola ukuphendula ezi zinto.
Indima Yoluntu KwiOGP
Uphawu olwahlukileyo lwe-OGP kukufakwa kwayo okusesikweni kwemibutho yasekuhlaleni ekulawuleni nasekulawuleni. Abaphathi abaninzi kwilizwe ngalinye bazisa kunye amagosa karhulumente kunye nabameli bebutho lasekuhlaleni ukuze baphuhlise kwaye bajonge amaqhinga ezenzo. Esi sakhiwo silungiselela inkqubo yokuqhubeka kwengxoxo nokuphendula okungaphaya kokubhaliweyo kwemithetho esemthethweni.
Iingxelo zikawonke-wonke nemithetho yoovimba: Ukugcina ubungqina
Inkululeko yenkcazelo inika ingxelo kwiingxelo ezikhoyo, kodwa iirekhodi zikawonke-wonke kunye nemithetho yogcino-lwazi imisela iirekhodi, indlela ezigcinwa ngayo, ixesha ezilondolozwe ngalo. Ezi zakhiwo zibalulekile kuba ngaphandle kokugcinwa kwengxelo, amalungelo e-FOI angabi nanto.
Umlinganiselo weMithetho
Imithetho yengxelo kawonke-wonke ichaza oko kubumba ingxelo ebanzi karhulumente, ukuquka amaxwebhu nawaphi na akhiwe okanye afunyenweyo kwihambo yeshishini loluntu. Oku kuquka ii-imeyili, iingxelo, ii-database, iifoto, kunye nothungelwano lwezentlalo-ntle. Umlinganiselo ochazayo unzima: iinkcazelo ezimxinwa zivelisa amakhubalo avumela amaziko ukuba angawafaki amanqaku ekutyhilweni. Imithetho yengxelo kawonke wonke ifuna ukuba iingxelo zigcinwe kwiifomatilishi ezifikelelekayo kwaye imisebenzi yolawulo lwengxelo icace.
Iingxelo Zamanani Neengxaki Zanamhlanje
The transition to digital communication has created significant challenges for public records regimes. Government employees frequently conduct business on personal devices, through encrypted messaging apps, and on private email accounts, potentially evading records preservation requirements. Some jurisdictions have explicitly addressed this by clarifying that records on personal devices used for government business are subject to disclosure requirements. Others have implemented enterprise recordkeeping systems that automatically capture and preserve communications. The National Archives and Records Administration in the United States provides guidance on managing electronic records and has developed tools for agencies to comply with digital recordkeeping requirements.
Ucelomngeni Ekufezekiseni Nakunyanzelo
Imithetho yerekhodi kawonke wonke ijongene nocelomngeni oluqhubekayo lokuzalisekisa. Izithintelo zezibonelelo zithetha ukuba amasebe amaninzi angenazo iirekhodi ezinikezelweyo. Amasuntswana okuqeqesha akhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kweerekhodi okuguquguqukayo. Iinkqubo zokunyanzelisa zisoloko zibuthathaka, nezigwebo ezimbalwa zokungagqibeki. Isiphumo sisithi iirekhodi zisenokulahleka, zitshatyalaliswe, okanye zingabikho lula xa kuyimfuneko. Ukuqinisa ulawulo lwamaxwebhu nokunika ubuchule obaneleyo bokuwasebenzisa kuhlala kuyinto yokuqala ukwenzela abaxhasi bokukhanyisa.
Imisebenzi yesakhelo esibonisa ngaphaya esenziwe ngokukhethekileyo
Ngaphandle kwemithetho yonikezelo jikelele, ingcebiso yesiseko somthetho ekhethekileyo yokubonisa ukukhanya kwimisebenzi ethile karhulumente echanekileyo kukonakala okanye ukuxhatshazwa.
Ulungiso Lokukhanya: Ukuvula intelekelelo kawonke-wonke
Ukufumana urhulumente kumele inxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcitho kawonke-wonke kumazwe amaninzi, kwaye ngokwembali iye yaba linxuwa elikhulu lorhwaphilizo. Imithetho yokuzilungisa ifuna ukuba iinkqubo zokufumana zivuleke kuhlolo lukawonke-wonke, kunye neemfuno zokupapasha izibhengezo ezimfutshane, izalathiso, kunye nesivumelwano sokugqibela. ivula ukuThina / iinguqu zifumene ulwamkelo lwendawo emhlabeni wonke, kunye nemithetho emininzi esebenzisa iinkqubo ze-elektroniki ezenza ulwazi lufikeleleke kwiifom ezisesikweni. [[FLT:]]
ISibhengezo esiBalulekileyo
Amazwe amaninzi afuna ukuba amagosa karhulumente avakalise iimpahla zawo, imithombo yengeniso, kunye nezilangazelelo zeshishini. Ezi zibhengezo zisebenza iinjongo ezininzi zokubonisa ngaphaya: zivumela ubungqina bokuba amagosa awasebenzisi iindawo zawo ukuze atyebise, achaza iingxabano ezinokwenzeka zomdla, kwaye enza imigca esisiseko enokuthelekiswa nezibhengezo zexesha elizayo. Ukusebenza kolawulo lwesazulu kuxhomekeke kwimigaqo eqinisekileyo, ufikelelo lukawonke wonke lwezibhengezo, kunye nezigwebo ezinentsingiselo
Imithetho Yokhuseleko Yomvuthuzi
Ukucaca gca akuxhomekekanga kumalungelo asemthethweni okucela ulwazi kuphela kodwa nakukuzimisela kwabangaphakathi ukuchaza izenzo eziphosakeleyo. Imithetho yokukhusela eqhutywa yiWhittleer inika izikhuseli ezisemthethweni kubantu abachaza ulwazi olungeyomfuneko okanye ukuziphatha okungekho mthethweni phakathi korhulumente. Ukukhusela kwempempendulu kuthintela ukuphindwa kwempinda, kunika amathuba okuxela okungaziwayo, kwaye kuseka imivuzo yemali okanye ezinye izikhuthazo ezikhokelela ekunyanzeleni izenzo zomthetho. United States Wistolerpuzer Protection Act [ neminye imithetho efanayo inikezela ngemigangatho yokuzikhuselwa, kunye neminye imiqathango eseleyo kwimimiselo emininzi esemthethweni.
Ukunyanzeliswa Noomatshini Abalawulayo
Imithetho elawulayo imele ixhaswe ngamaziko anyanzelisa ukuthobela nokusebenzisa amalungelo abo.
IiKhomishini zoLwazi kunye neziQhisho
Amazwe amaninzi amisele iiofisi ezizimeleyo zenkcazelo okanye iiofisi zoosomashishini zokujonga ukuphunyezwa kwemithetho yokubonisa. La maqumrhu afumana izikhalazo ezivela kubemi abakhankanyiweyo ukuba bafumane ulwazi, baqhube iziphumo, banike imiyalelo ebophelelayo, kwaye anike ukhokelo kumasebe athobelayo. Amandla ala maziko ahlukene kakhulu, amanye anamandla ombane anamandla, amanye asebenza ngokuyintloko. Imali e-mali nenkululeko yezobupolitika zizinto ezifuna impumelelo.
Ulawulo lwezityholo ezicace gca
Iinkundla zinendima ebalulekileyo ekutolikeni imithetho yokubonisana nokuchaza imida yazo. Izigqibo zejaji ziye zamisela imigaqo ebalulekileyo, efana nemfuneko yokuba abameli batyhile isiseko esikhethekileyo esisemthethweni sokuzigosa ulwazi kunye nomsebenzi wokubhenca ngokufanelekileyo iinxalenye ezingenakulahlwa zerejistanti. Noko ke, ukulingwa kubiza imali eninzi kwaye kuxakekisa ixesha, kwaye abemi abaninzi nemibutho ayinazo izibonelelo zokusukela imingeni yenkundla.
Indima yobuxhakaxhaka Kunyanzelo
Ubugcisa buguqule indlela yokusebenza kolu phawu. Iindawo zogcino-lwazi ze-intanethi zivumela abemi ukuba bangenise izicelo ze-FOI baze balandele inkqubela yabo. Izixhobo zedata zinceda ukuhlalutya imiqulu emikhulu yolwazi olutyhiliweyo. Amaqonga oluntu anceda abantu basebenze kunye nokusasazwa ngokukhawuleza kolwazi. Noko ke, ubugcisa budala iingxaki ezintsha, kuquka imfuneko yokuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abemi bakhona kunye nomngcipheko wokuzicombulula izinto endaweni yokuzinikela kokwenene kwezopolitiko.
Ukulungelelanisa Imbonakalo Nexabiso Eliyingqokelela
Umthetho olungiselelwe ukubonakala ngaphaya kombane kufuneka usebenzise inkxwaleko kunye nezinye imilinganiselo ezifanelekileyo kunye nezilangazelelo ezifanelekileyo. Imithetho ecwangcisiweyo iyaluvuma olu xinezeleko kwaye iseka iindlela zokulungelelanisa imicimbi yokukhuphisana.
Ukhuseleko lwesizwe nokhuseleko loluntu
Imithetho emininzi yokubonisana iquka ukuvalwa kolwazi olunxulumene nokhuseleko lwesizwe, imisebenzi yobuchule, kunye nokugcinwa komthetho okuqhubekayo. Umlinganiselo wokungaphumi kwezi zenzo ngumbandela obalulekileyo wengxoxo, ngenxa yenkxalabo yokuba zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukukhusela inkcazelo ebangela iintloni okanye engonakalisa ngokwezobupolitika. Amanye amagunya aye amisela iinkundla ezikhethekileyo okanye iinkqubo zokuhlola ukungqinelana kokhuseleko lwesizwe. Eminye ifuna amaziko abonise umonakalo ocacileyo, ovela kwinkcazelo kunokuxhomekeka kwimiqathango yokungaquququzeli.
Ukuzikhusela
Ukukhanya okucacileyo kufuneka kulungelelaniswe nxamnye namalungelo ayimfihlo abantu abalwazi lwabo luvela kwiingxelo zikarhulumente. Ukungaqulunqi okuqhelekileyo kugquma ulwazi lwezamayeza, ugcino-lwazi lwemali, kunye neenkcukacha ezinzulu zobomi babucala. Ukwanda kokufumaneka kogcino-lwazi lukarhulumente kwiifomati zamanani kuye kwandisa imibandela yemfihlo, kukhokelela kwimfuno zokomeleza okanye ukuthamba phambi kokuba kutyhilwe. Jikelele ugcino-lwazi olukhuselayo [[[FLT]] i-Regatectionum-Regation[ ku-European Union imisela inkqubo ebanzi yokhuseleko logcino-lwazi olunento olunento yokwenza nokubonakala okuntluntluntlukwano ngeendlela.
Iimfihlelo Zezorhwebo Nezorhwebo
Iingxelo zikarhulumente zisoloko zinenkcazelo eyimfihlo yezoshishino, kuquka iimfihlo zorhwebo, iinkqubo zorhwebo, kunye nogcino-lwazi oluchaphazelekayo. Imithetho yokubonisa ngaphaya kolwazi idla ngokukhetha inkcazelo enjalo, kodwa ifumanisa oko kufanelekileyo njengemfihlelo esemthethweni yezorhwebo. Abaxhasi bonyango baphikisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemali kufuneka kuxhase ukutyhilwa kwamagama esivumelwano kunye nolwazi oludluliselweyo, ngokhuseleko olumxinwa lolwazi olunyanisekileyo olunenkcazelo ebhaliweyo.
Ukuqalisa Utyekelo Neendlela Zexesha Elizayo
Indlela esemthethweni karhulumente yokubona mhlophe iyaqhubeka iguquka ngenxa yenguqulelo kwezobugcisa, yezobupolitika neyoburhulumente.
Ulawulo olubonisa ngaphaya kwemithetho-siseko
Njengoko oorhulumente besebenzisa imigaqo-siseko eqhubekayo kunye nobuchule obungeyoyamvelo ekwenzeni izigqibo kwiindawo ezinjengezobulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho, ukubonelela ngenzuzo, kunye nokunyanzelisa ukuba kubekho ulawulo, kuphakama imibuzo ngokubonakala kwezi nkqubo. Izakhiwo zemithetho ziqala ukuchaza ilungelo lokuchaza xa izigqibo ezizenzekelayo zichaphazela abantu, ukutyhilwa kogcino-lwazi loqeqesho kunye nokwakhiwa kwemodeli, kunye nokuphicothwa kwenkqubo yemithetho-algoric ngenxa yekhethe okanye impazamo.
Ukubonisa Ubuchule Bemali
Ukuba ngumnini weenkampani kunye nokuthembeka okufihliweyo kwenza ukuba urhwaphilizo, ukuphepha irhafu, kunye nokungahlawulwa kwemali. Inani elikhulayo lamazwe lisebenzisa iibhanki zokufumana ingeniso ezizizo ezibonisa abantu bendalo abathi ekugqibeleni balawule okanye bangenelwe kwintlangano. Oku kubhalisa kwandisa ukubonakala kokufumana urhulumente kunye nezibhengezo zemali ngokuthintela izakhiwo ezingaziwanga ukuba zikho.
Imigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe kunye nokubonakala komda othe tyaba
Ukubonakala ngaphaya kolwazi kuya kuqwalaselwa njengenkupho yehlabathi lonke, enemibutho enjenge [[FT:0] Isebe likaRhulumente elivulekileyo kunye neIpropati Zokukhupha i-Istative Irection [ ikhuthaza imigangatho yomhlaba wonke. Izivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe, kuquka i-United Nations Convention nxamnye noHlukelo, zifuna imiqondiso ukuzalisekisa amanyathelo okukhanyisa. Uphuhliso lwemilinganiselo elungelelanisayo yolwazi lunceda ukuqwalasela nokuthelekisa ububanzi bolwazi kusebenzele uqwalaselo oluluqikelelo lwehlabathi lonke.
Isiphelo
Umthetho wesiseko sokuqinisekisa ukuba ukubonakala kwembonakalo kwimisebenzi karhulumente ubumba izibonelelo eziyimfuneko zolawulo lwedemokhrasi. Inkululeko yemithetho yolwazi, imimiselo yeerekhodi zikawonke-wonke, ukufumana iimfuno zokubonakala, ulawulo lwezibhengezo zezixhobo, kunye nokukhupha impempendulu, kunye nokumisela imigaqo kunye neenkqubo ezenza ukuvuleka kwemicimbi kube yinto yokwenene kunokuba kube yithemba. Ezi zisemgangathweni zibangela ukuba abantu bathembeke, zinike amandla abami abanolwazi, zehlise amathuba okunganyani.
Kodwa ulawulo lomthetho lulodwa alwanelanga. Ukusebenza kwazo kuxhomekeke ekuzalisekisweni okuqinileyo, kwimithombo eyaneleyo, ekujongeleni ngokwaneleyo, ekuzimeleni, nakwimpucuko yezobupolitika exabisa ukuvuleka. Abami kufuneka basebenzise amalungelo abo, intatheli kufuneka bafune ukufikelela, kwaye uluntu kufuneka lujonge ukuthotyelwa kwengxelo yezobugcisa, ukhuseleko lwesizwe, kunye nokhuseleko lwangasese lufuna ukuhlaziywa okuqhubekayo kwemimiselo esemthethweni kunye nemisebenzi yokugcinwa komthetho. Njengoko ubugcisa kunye nokuguqula izinto, kufuneka imithetho eqinisekisa urhulumente isebenze ngokukhanyiselwa koluntu. Uphuhliso nokuqiniswa kwemithetho yokukhanyisa kusel