Indima Ebalulekileyo Yemithetho Karhulumente Kulawulo Lwedemokhrasi

Imilinganiselo yokuziphatha karhulumente yenza isiseko sokuthembana noluntu kunye nokuthembeka kwequmrhu. Xa abemi bekholelwa ukuba iinkokeli zabo kunye namagosa asekuhlaleni basebenza ngokunyaniseka, ngokusesikweni, nangokuziphendulela, basengozini yokuthabatha inxaxheba kubomi boluntu, bathobele imithetho, baxhase amanyathelo kawonke-wonke. Ngokuchasene noko, iimbono zokunganyaniseki okunwenwa okugqugqisayo kurhulumente, ukuphembelela ukungaqiniseki kwezobupolitika, nokuphazamisa izinto ezikude kwiinkonzo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nonyango lwempilo, imfundo, kunye nezibonelelo. Ingxelo emalunga nama-20222 e- engoontarhala yoluntu [[ ifumanise ukuba, ngaphezu kwee-3-3-zintathu zemeko zehlabathi zijongenezobuqhetseko, zibangela ungxamiseko olunzulu lwezentengo.

Eli nqaku linikela uhlolo olunzulu lwemilinganiselo karhulumente, iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zorhwaphilizo, kunye neenkqubo ezinokuthi zithintele ukungalawuleki. Lisebenzisa uphando lwemeko yehlabathi lokwenene, imigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe, kunye nokuvela kwezixhobo zobugcisa ukunikela ukhokelo olusebenzayo kubenzi bemithetho, abalawuli bakawonke-wonke, kunye nabemi abaququzelelwe ngokufanayo.

Ukubaluleka Kwemilinganiselo Karhulumente

Imilinganiselo yokuziphatha karhulumente ayiyonjongo nje efunwayo; zizinto eziyimfuneko ezisebenzayo. Iingongoma ezilandelayo zibonisa isizathu sokuba ulawulo lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha lubalulekile kwimeko esebenzayo:

  • Ihambo ecacileyo yamagosa karhulumente yakha kwaye igcina ukuthemba uluntu. Ukuthemba kuyinto ebuthathaka: xa yaphukile, kunzima ukuyilungisa. Abami abathemba urhulumente wabo bakulungele ukuhlawula iirhafu, ukuthobela imimiselo, nokuxhasa iinjongo zenkqubo zexesha elide.
  • Imilinganiselo eqinileyo yokuziphatha iqinisekisa ukuba amagosa anokuphendula kwizigqibo zawo. Iindlela zokuphendula — ezifana nophicotho-zincwadi lomsebenzi, ulawulo lomthetho, kunye nohlolo lokugweba — yenza ii-check ezithintela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya. Ngaphandle kokuphendula, kwanemigaqo-nkqubo ezimiseleyo ingathotyelwa phantsi yihambo yabo.
  • I- I-Ethiyografi ifuna ukuba imisebenzi karhulumente ivuleke ukuze ivavanywe. Ukubonakala gca kweliso kuvumela abemi, amajelo-ndaba, kunye nebutho labantu ukuba bajonge indlela izigqibo ezenziwa ngayo nendlela imali kawonke-wonke esetyenziswa ngayo. Inciphisa amathuba okwenziwa komsebenzi ofihlakeleyo kwaye yenza iziphumo zokuthintela izenzo ezonakeleyo.
  • [[NTL: 0] IJaji yeSiko-mthetho: Inkohlakalo iyingozi ngokungathethekiyo kuwona malungu abuthathaka kwibutho labantu. Xa ubuncwane bukawonke-wonke butsalwa ngamalungu aphezulu, amahlwempu naphantsi kolawulo oluphantsi luphulukana nokufikelela kwiinkonzo ezisisiseko. Ulawulo lweziko luqinisekisa ukuba ubuncwane bunikwe ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba ukhuphiswano lukawonke wonke luthe lwanelisa intengo kunxibelelwano lwangaphakathi, kwaye umthetho usetyenziswa ngokufanayo kubo bonke.

Iintlobo Eziqhelekileyo Zorhwaphilizo

Ukuqonda imbonakalo ecacileyo yorhwaphilizo kubalulekile ekuyileni ungenelelo lobugqwirha. Nangona olu luhlu lungezantsi lungagcwali, luquka ezona ndlela zikhoyo jikelele kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zorhulumente:

  • Briblicy: Umnikelo, ukupha, ukufumana, okanye ukucela nayiphi na into yexabiso ukuphembelela izenzo zegosa likarhulumente kawonke-wonke. Ukunyoba kunokwenzeka kwintsebenziswano eqhelekileyo — njengokuhlawula kancinci “umrhumo” ukukhawulezisa imvume — okanye uxanduva lwemisebenzi ebandakanya izivumelwano zikarhulumente.
  • Fraud: Inkohliso ephunyezwa ukwenzela inzuzo yobuqu okanye yentlangano. Kurhulumente, ukuqhatha kusoloko kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweengxelo zemali, ukuxoka ngenxa yeenzuzo, okanye ukugqwethwa kweemfaneleko kwamagosa.
  • Imali encinci: Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwemali okanye izinto eziphathiswe umphathi. Oku kungasuka kumphathi orhwaphilizo lwemali encinci ukuya kumgangatho omkhulu wemali kawonke-wonke kwiinkampani zetoliki.
  • Intelekelelo yeMdla: Yimeko apho izilangazelelo zobuqu zegosa — imali, ifama, okanye ezopolitiko — zingaphembelela ngokungafanelekanga imisebenzi yabo yezobugcisa. Imizekelo iquka ukubotshwa kwesivumelwano kwishishini lesalamane okanye ukuvota kumthetho oyingenelo ngokungqalileyo kungeniso lwabucala lwegosa.
  • [[NTL:0] Ubunani kunye nophatho: ucalucalulo oluboniswe kwizalamane okanye kunxulumano olusondeleyo ekuqeshweni, ekunyusweni, okanye ekutsalweni. I-Nepotation inciphisa imigaqo yokufuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-ocracy kwaye idla ngokukhokelela ekumiselweni kwabantu abangafanelekanga, inciphisa ukusebenza kwamaziko kawonke-wonke.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kwegunya elisemthethweni ngenjongo engafanelekanga, njengokunyanzela ngokukhethayo imimiselo yokuhlupha abachasi bezobupolitika okanye ukukhupha intsebenziswano zobuqu ukuze kutshintshiswe izigqibo ezilungileyo.

Ezi ndlela zorhwaphilizo zidla ngokuhambelana. Ngokomzekelo, ukunyoba umhloli kungancedwa kukungabonakali kocwangciso lohlolo, yaye lo mhloli unye usenokukhuselwa ekuphenduleni ngoonontlalo-ntle ngaphakathi kwesebe.

Oonobangela Abayintloko Borhwaphilizo Kurhulumente

Isiseko sokulwa nokonakala sisebenza kakhulu xa sithetha nabaqhubi abangaphantsi kwendlela yokuziphatha engamkelekanga.

  • [[NTL: 0] Imali ehlawulwayo kunye neemeko zemisebenzi ezingentle: Xa abasebenzi belizwe behlawulwa kancinci okanye bengenazinto ezisisiseko, banokuba nomngcipheko wokunyoba nokunganyaniseki okuncinane njengendlela yokuziphilisa okanye eyongezelele ingeniso.
  • Iqumrhu lobuGcisa loMkhosi: Ingxamiseko enokwenziwa ngaphandle kokuphicotho-zincwadi, ukuhlola, okanye ukunyanzelisa ukuba kubekho ulawulo lwemeko apho ukuziphatha okubi kunokuphumelela ngaphandle kwesiphumo.
  • [[Umthetho:0] I-agnomes ze-atlerial: Amagosa anegunya elibanzi, elingathintelwanga lokukhupha imvume, ilayisensi, okanye iziphakamisi zinokujongwa ngamathuba okufumana isimilo sokuqesha.
  • I-Internective engokobupolitika: xa iinkokeli zezobupolitika zisebenzisa uqatholo lukawonke-wonke, uqingqo-mali, okanye ukugcinwa komthetho ukuze kufumaneke abanqolobi, yonke inkqubo yolawulo lwendlela iyaxokiswa.
  • I-Cultal Normals kunye ne-Social Regavice: Kwezinye iindawo, ukunika amagosa izipho lisithethe esimileyo ixesha elide, kwaye ukonakala okuncinci kungasetyenziswa. Ukususa le mithetho kufuna utshintsho olusemthethweni kunye namaphulo emfundo.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Yokuthintela Ukonakala

Akukho mlinganiselo mnye ungaphelisa urhwaphilizo ngokupheleleyo. Endaweni yoko, oorhulumente kufuneka basebenzise indlela edityanisiweyo edibanisa umthetho, ulawulo, kunye notshintsho lwenkcubeko. Ezi zicwangciso zilandelayo zibonwa ngokubanzi njengentsika eziyimfuneko zobuchule obusebenzayo bokulwa nokonakala.

Imithetho Ephathekayo

Imithetho ebhalwe kakuhle, enyanzelekileyo ngokusemthethweni yemithetho yokuziphatha inika isiseko esisisiseko sokuziphatha okulindelekileyo.

  • Iingxelo zemilinganiselo esisiseko enjengengqibelelo, ukuthembeka nokungakhethi buso.
  • Imiqathango engqalileyo enxamnye nokunyoba, izipho neembambano ezibangel ’ umdla.
  • Imithetho emiqathango yomsebenzi wasemva kokusebenza (ukujikeleza ucango kunye nokuphola kwamaxesha) ukuthintela amagosa ekuxhathiseni ulwazi ngaphakathi lwenzuzo yangasese emva kokushiya urhulumente.
  • Imigaqo ecacileyo yokunika ingxelo yokwaphulwa kwemithetho neziphumo zokungathobeli.

Umzekelo, [[QUML:0] i-OECD's linemigaqo yeQela loluntu icebisa ukuba ikhowudi ihlaziywe rhoqo kwaye idibane ngoqeqesho olunyanzelekileyo.

Uqeqesho Nemfundo

Ihambo yendalo mayibe nemo yomeleza ngokuqhubekayo ngemfundo neenkqubo zokwakha amandla. Uqeqesho kufuneka lugqume:

  • Imilinganiselo yokuziphatha.
  • Indlela yokubona nokusingatha iingxabano ezibangel ’ umdla.
  • Izakhono zokuxela ubuqhophololo oburhanelwa ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufihlakeleyo.
  • Iingxoxo ezisekelwe kwityala ezinceda amagosa ajonge iingxaki zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, ezifana nokuba amkele isidlo esivela kumthengisi okanye indlela yokusingatha isicelo esivela kumphathi ogqitha kumthetho.

Iimodyuli ze-intanethi, kumsebenzi wokusebenzela, kunye neemfaniso ezisekelwe kwimiboniso zonke zingasebenza. Umzekelo ophawulekayo yinkqubo yoqeqesho lwe-Ethics ne Compliance esetyenziswa yi-Ofisi kaRhulumente, enyanzelekileyo kubo bonke abasebenzi belizwe.

Ukukhusela Abavuthuzi Beentaka

Abakhuthaza abantu ukuba bachaze oko kuphosakeleyo sesinye sezona zixhobo zinamandla zokulwa norhwaphilizo. Kodwa ke, ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezisemthethweni ezinamandla, abavumi bomlozi basengozini yokuziphindezela, ukuhlaselwa nokutshatyalaliswa kwemisebenzi. Ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo kufuneka luquke:

  • Iziqhagamshelanisi ezingaziwayo — ezifana neziqhubi, ii-web care, okanye ii-adiredio ezisecandeloni lesithathu — eziqinisekisa imfihlo.
  • Ukukhuselwa ngokusemthethweni ekugxothweni, ekuthotyweni, ekucalulweni, nakwezinye iindlela zokuziphindezela.
  • Amalungiselelo emali okanye imbuyekezo kubavuzi-mlozi abanikela ubungqina obukhokelela ekuchophelweni ngokunempumelelo okanye ekufumaneni iimpahla ezibiweyo.
  • iinkonzo zokuxhasa, kuquka uncedo olusemthethweni kunye noluleko lwengqondo.

I-United Nations Ofesi yeZizwe ezimanyeneyo kwiziyobisi neCrime (UNITC) iveze umthetho wemodeli othe amazwe amaninzi ahambelana neenkqubo zawo zomthetho. Amazwe anjengoMzantsi Korea noManyeneyo aye abona ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokonakala ekuxeleni ngokulandela ukuqiniswa kwemithetho yokufutha.

Amanyathelo Okucace gca

Ukukhanya kwelanga kujongwa ngokubanzi njengesona sibulali ntsholongwane siphambili sokunganyaniseki. Oorhulumente banokukuphucula ukubonakala:

  • Uqingqo-mali olunenkcukacha zokupapasha, izivumelwano zokubonelela, neengxelo zenkcitho kwifomati yomatshini kwimiboniso evulekileyo yogcino-lwazi.
  • Ukuzalisekisa imfuno efunekayo kunye nenkqubo yokutyhilwa komdla kumagosa aphezulu, ngokukwazi ukusetyenziswa nguwonke-wonke ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa ngamajelo eendaba kunye nebutho labantu.
  • Ukwenza izigqibo zikarhulumente zibonakale, umzekelo ngokuhlala kwintlanganiso ezingundoqo okanye ngokushicilela imizuzu kunye nokuthethelela iimbasa ezinkulu.
  • Ukusebenzisana nabemi ngoqingqo-mali olufuna ingcebiso kunye nokucebisana noluntu, kunike abaxhasi indima engqalileyo kwindlela oovimba abasetyenziswa ngayo.

I-Transparency Portal yaseBrazil inguphawu lwebhetshi yomhlaba wonke. Yaqaliswa ngo-2004, inika ugcino-lwazi lwexesha lokwenene lokusebenzisa imali karhulumente, ukusuka kwimivuzo ukuya kwizivumelwano, kwaye ifunyanwa rhoqo ziintelezi nemibutho ejongileyo ukuze ifumane ii-omalies.

Ulawulo oluzimeleyo

Kwanemithetho engcono ecwangcisiweyo ayisebenzi ngaphandle kokunyanzelisa. Amaqumrhu olawulo oluzimeleyo kufuneka anikwe amandla:

  • Yenza uphicotho-zincwadi oluthe rhoqo nolungalindelekanga lwamaziko karhulumente.
  • Ukuphanda ngezityholo zorhwaphilizo, ngegunya lokunyanzela ubungqina neengxelo zokufikelela.
  • Ukunyanzelisa imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ngezenzo zoqeqesho, isigwebo sokulawula, okanye ukubhekisa kumatyala etyala lolwaphulo-mthetho.
  • Upapasho lweengxelo ezibonisa ukuba isixokelelwano siyasebenza kwaye luncomela utshintsho.

IKhomishoni ye-Iceland Ilwa noHlaziyo (IICAC) ngumzekelo odumileyo. Ukususela ekusungulweni kwayo ngo- 1974, i-ICAC ibisebenza ngokuzimeleyo kwinkonzo yasekuhlaleni nakumapolisa, inamagunya ayo ophando kunye nesebe elizinikeleyo lokuthintela ukunganyaniseki. Impumelelo yayo inxulumene neqhinga elizinzileyo lokunyanzelisa, ukuthintela, kunye nemfundo yoluntu.

Indima Yobugcisa Ekuthinteleni Ukunganyaniseki

Amanani asetyenziswa kakhulu ukunciphisa amathuba okunganyaniseki.

  • Iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi: kwiplatfomu ze-Online ezifumana ibhayisekile epheleleyo yobomi — ukusuka kwimpapasho ethambileyo ukuya kwintlawulo — inciphisa ubuchule bomntu kwaye yenza indlela ephicothwayo. Ngokomzekelo, inkqubo yokuzilungisa ye-Estonia inconyelwe ngokuphangalalisa ngokuphawulekayo ekuxhulumaniseni kukawonke-wonke.
  • Isigodo selizwe sokubhalisa kunye neTsinja: ubugcisa bomkhokeli osasazwayo bungadala iingxelo ezikhuselayo zobunikazi bempahla, iindleko zikarhulumente, kunye nonikezelo loncedo, lwenza kube nzima ukuba amagosa aguqule okanye acebe ugcino-lwazi.
  • Ubuntlola obunokwenziwa kunye nogcino-lwazi olunemibhobho: i-algorithm zomatshini zingahlalutya iipateni zokuchitha iflegi kwintengiso erhanelayo, njengezivumelwano ezinikezelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwinkampani enye kumaxabiso aphezulu, ngaphandle kwemfuneko yabavuzi-mpethu.
  • Inkqubo yokubhatala ebhatalayo: Ukuhambisa intlawulo karhulumente — nokuba irhafu, iinzuzo zoluntu, okanye ii-refoundations — kwimijelo ye-elektroniki ikhupha amathuba amaninzi okuhlawula imali kunye nokuthatha ipetroli.

Ngoxa ubugcisa bungeyondlela yokulungisa ingxaki — busenokusetyenziselwa ukucinga nokuphelisa ukungavisisani — ukuphunyezwa ngocoselelo olungqongqo nokunyamekela kunokulomeleza ngokuphawulekayo ulawulo lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

Uphando lwemeko lwezikhuseli eziphumeleleyo zokulwa nokubola kwesakhelo

Imizekelo yehlabathi yokwenene ibonisa indlela ezidityanisiweyo iindlela zokungena zingalufumana ngayo unciphiso olunokuxhotyiswa kwinkohlakalo:

  • I-Singatho: I-Emobic Practics Investigation Bureau (CPIB) inandipha amandla aphangaleleyo okuphanda ubuqhetseba boluntu kunye namacandelo obuqu, kwaye isebenza ngokuzimela ngokwayo ngokupheleleyo. Idityaniswe nesakhiwo esisemthethweni esibohlwaya umniki-sicebi kunye nomkeli, kunye nempucuko yokuzincomela kwinkonzo yasekuhlaleni, i-Singapore ibekwe phakathi kwamazwe angawonakeleyo kaninzi emhlabeni wonke kamashumi eminyaka.
  • Sweden: Ukubonakala okuphezulu kweSweden kusekelwe kunyaka wako we-1766 Inkululeko ye-Press Act, eqinisekisa ukufumaneka koluntu kumaxwebhu karhulumente. Namhlanje, ilungelo lokufikelela kwiingxelo ezisemthethweni lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ziintatheli nabemi, ukusungula ulawulo olunamandla. Ngaphezu koko, iklasi yeqela elinobuchule, engeyoyomfuneko kunye namaziko ophicotho lwemali agcina amanani ehlile kakhulu.
  • INew Zealand: iNew Zealand ivelise ucwangciso lwengqibelelo olubanzi oluquka ikhowudi yehambo yabo bonke abalungiseleli, uMphicothi-zincwadi ozimeleyo, kunye neKhomishini yeSebe leSizwe ejongene nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Uhlolisiso oluthe rhoqo lokuthemba uwonke-wonke kunye nokujongwa kwabasebenzi kwenkohlakalo lunceda ekuboneni umngcipheko ovelayo. Ilizwe ngokuqhubekayo libalaselisa iziphumo ze-Reparency International Polity Perceptions Index.
  • Georgia: Emva kweNguquko yaseRose ngo 2003, iGeorgia yenza utshintsho olukhulu, kuquka ukudubula amapolisa etrafiki (abonwa ngokubanzi njengangawonakeleyo) kunye nokuseka amatsha, ahlawulelwe kakuhle, kunye namandla okuhlola. Ikwanyusa iinkonzo zikarhulumente ngemodeli “yevenkile enye emisayo”, inciphisa imbonakalo yobuso ukuya kumphakathi wamagosa. Kwishumi leminyaka, iGeorgia yafuduka kwenye yeemeko ezonakeleyo zeposi-Soviet, yaya kumphathi wengingqi ekulawuleni okucocekileyo.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo echasene nokusebenza kwe-Corruption

Nangona kukho impumelelo, oorhulumente abaninzi bazama ukumisela nokuxhasa amanyathelo okulwa nokunganyaniseki.

  • ISiphakamiso seZilangazelelo zezobupolitika: Iinkokeli ezingenelwa kwiinkqubo ezonakeleyo azinazixhokoxoko-magama zokuziguqula. Kwanaxa kubhengezwa utshintsho, zingathotywa lunyanzelekile lunyanzelo olubuthathaka okanye ngokumisela amaqabane kwizikhundla eziphambili zobuveleli. Izopolitiko ezixhasweyo ziya kufuna uxinzelelo olunamandla lukawonke-wonke, ulawulo oluzimeleyo, kunye nebutho labantu abakhutheleyo.
  • [[UMHLA] Awona Zibonelelo zaneleyo: Amaziko achasene nokonakala asoloko ephantsi, engaphantsi kwabasebenzi, kwaye engaxhotyiswe kancinane xa kuthelekiswa neenethwekhi ezifunyenwe kakuhle ekulindeleke ukuba ziphandwe. Uhlaziyo lohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali kufuneka lubonise eyona nto iphambili kwingqibelelo.
  • [[NTL:0] I-Cultraf Nomfono-mfono-mfono-mfono-mfono-mfono-mfono-mfono-mfono: Kwimeko-bume apho ukuphiwa izipho kungumgaqo okanye apho ukunyaniseka kwentsapho okanye kwisizwe kuthatha iphambili kwimithetho, imiqathango esemthethweni iyodwa yanele. Amaphulo emfundo kawonke-wonke kunye nomanyano lwasekuhlaleni kufuneka ukuze kushenxiswa uthumo.
  • Ukukhetha unyanzeliso:[ Xa imithetho elwa nokonakala isetyenziselwa ukuhlasela abachasi bezobupolitika kunokuba igwebe bonke abenzi bobubi, inkqubo iphulukana nokuthembeka. Ukuzimela kwenkonzo yejaji kunye neyomtshutshisi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphepha okusesikweni okungacaci.
  • Ukugqibelela kunye nokuququzelela: Urhwaphilizo lusoloko luquka ulawulo oluninzi kwaye lubandakanya imali entsonkothileyo esetyenziswa ukugada imida. Intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe — ngobuchule obufana neNgqungquthela yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo echasene noHlabathi (UNCAC) kunye nezivumelwano zokuncedana ngokusemthethweni — zibalulekile kodwa zinokuba nothothozo noqukozo lwezopolitiko.

Imilinganiselo Yamazwe Ngamazwe Nentsebenziswano

Izithethe ezisehlabathini zinikezela ngesiseko somsebenzi wesizwe. Izixhobo ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • INdibano yeZizwe ezimanyeneyo nxamnye noHlabathi [UNCAC][FLT: Yamkelwa ngo-2003, kuphela kwesivumelwano esigunyazisayo ngokusemthethweni emhlabeni wonke sokulwa nokonakala. Sigubungela ukuthintelwa, ulwaphulo-mthetho, intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe, kunye nokuchaphazeleka kwezixhobo. Malunga onke amaphondo angamalungu e-UN angamalungu angamalungu angamalungu e-UNCAC.
  • Indibano echasene neBribriby CD : Le ndibano igxininisa ekunyobeni ukunyotywa kwamagosa kawonke-wonke angaphandle kwintengiso yoshishino lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ivunyiwe ngamazwe angama-44 kwaye iquka uhlolo lontanga ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ovula uGenerictary kaRhulumente (OGP): Imiselwe ngo-20, i-OGP inika oorhulumente besizwe kunye nebutho labantu iqonga lokumisela inkqubela-phambili yezicelo ezandisa ukubonakala, ukuphendula, nokuthatha inxaxheba kuwonke-wonke.

Ezi zicwangciso azimiselanga nje imilinganiselo kodwa zikwadala uxinzelelo loontanga kunye nobuchule boncedo olunceda amazwe aphumeze utshintsho.

Isiphelo

Imilinganiselo yokuziphatha karhulumente asiyonto ibalulekileyo; iyimfuneko engundoqo yokulawula ngokunempumelelo nangokulinganayo. Ngoxa urhwaphilizo lusoloko lulucelomngeni oluzingisileyo ehlabathini lonke, izixhobo zokulwa nalo zimiswe kakuhle: imigaqo ecacileyo yehambo, imfundo eqhubekayo, ukhuseleko olomeleleyo kubavuli-mlozi, imisebenzi ekhanyayo, ulawulo oluzimeleyo, nokusetyenziswa kobugcisa. Uphando lweSingapore, iSweden, New Zealand, neGeorgia lubonisa ukuba utshintsho oluqhubekayo lungavelisa inkqubela-phambili, kwanakuqalisa kubume obubonakalisiweyo.

Noko ke, akukho lungiselelo lisebenzayo ngaphandle kokuzinikela ngokupheleleyo kwiinkokeli zezobupolitika nokuzibophelela okuqhubekayo kwabemi luxanduva olwabelweneyo — olufuna ukuphaphamela, inkalipho, nokukulungela ukuphendula igunya. Ngokwamkela nokuzimisela ngokuzimisela izinto ezichazwe kweli nqaku, oorhulumente banokubuyisela ukuthembana, bakhuthaze okusesikweni, baze badlulisele imiphumo elunge ngakumbi kubo bonke abantu babo.