Table of Contents

I-Western Australia imi njengenye yemimandla ye-biodididi diveyi yehlabathi, iphethe uludwe olungaqhelekanga lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezingaqhelekanga ezifumaneka kummandla ongafumanekiyo emhlabeni. Eli lizwe likhulu, eligquma malunga nezigidi ezisisikwere zeekhilomitha eziyi 2,6, eziquka indalo ezahlukahlukeneyo ukusuka kumahlathi amandulo nakwimimandla esecaleni konxweme lwentlango kunye nemekobume zaselwandle ezintle. Ummandla wodwa kunye neendawo zemozulu ezahlukeneyo zikhuthaza indaleko yezidalwa ezahlukeneyo ezimele inxalenye enkulu yelifa lendalo ye-Australia. Ukukhusela ezi zilwanyana eziphila ngokulinganayo, i-Western Australia ivelise iinkqubo ezibanzi, izakhiwo ze-ontatherali, kunye neenkqubo zokulondolo lwendalo ezilungiselelwe ukukhusela izilwanyana nezilwanyana eziphila.

Ukubaluleka kolondolozo lwezilwanyana kwiNtshona Australia ayinakuchazwa ngokugqithisileyo. I-Ostreliya yaseNtshona inezinto ezininzi eziphila kuzo ezizintlobo-ntlobo ezingafaniyo, ezininzi zazo ezithi ziqhelekile kwaye zigqalwe njengezibalulekileyo ngokwesizwe nasemhlabeni wonke. Kodwa ke, obu butyebi bendalo bujamelana neengcinezelo ezikhulayo ezisuka ekulahlekeni kwendawo yokuhlala, kwintlobo-ntlobo, kwimozulu, nakuphuhliso loluntu. Ukuqonda imigaqo-nkqubo yolondolozo lwelizwe kunye nokuphunyezwa kwazo kubalulekile ukuxabisa imigudu eqhubekayo yokulondoloza indalo yesizukulwana sesizukulwana se-Western Australia sesizukulwana sexesha elizayo.

Indaleko Yomthetho Wokulondolozwa Kwezilwanyana Zasendle

Ukusuka KuMthetho Wokulondolozwa Kwezilwanyana Zasendle 1950 Ukuya Kumthetho Wale Mihla

Malunga namashumi asixhenxe eminyaka, iWildlife Conservation Act 1950 yasebenza njengesiseko semigudu yolondolozo lweNtshona Australia. IWildlife Conservation Act yonyaka wama-1950 sisenzo sePalamente yeNtshona Australia enika umthetho onxulumene nokulondolozwa nokukhuselwa ngokusemthethweni kwezityalo nezilwanyana. Lo mthetho wobuvulindlela wamisela isiseko esisemthethweni sokukhusela izilwanyana nezityalo, ukudala iindawo ezikhuselweyo, nokulawula imisebenzi enokuthi yonakale izilwanyana zasendle.

Lo mThetho waquka iinkalo ezininzi ezibukhali zolawulo lwezilwanyana, kuquka ukukhusela izilwanyana, imfuno yokukhusela izilwanyana, igunya labaphathi bezilwanyana, kunye nemithetho emalunga namazwe oMmandla. Umthendeleko ugquma ukukhuselwa kwezilwanyana, ukuthathwa kwezilwanyana, iimfuno zephepha-mvume kunye namathuba anokwenzeka, igunya labaphathi bezilwanyana zasendle, amazwe athwele isithsaba. Ngaphantsi kwalo mthetho, izidalwa zamiselwa ngokweemfuno zazo, ngokwemimiselo yokuyila izilwanyana nezityalo njengezinto ezinqabileyo, mhlawumbi ziphela, okanye zithelekelele ukubhadula.

UMthetho woLondolozo lweEmoyeni 2016

Ekubeni iyiqonda imfuneko yomthetho wokulondoloza obanzi nobanzi nowexeshana, i-Western Australia yaqalisa utshintsho olubalulekileyo lwemithetho-mthetho. Ngo-1 kweyoMqungu 2019, i-Biodiversity Conservation Conservation Act 2016 kunye neMigaqo yokulondolozwa kweNkcubeko ye-Biodiversity 2018 2018 yathatha indawo yooWildlife Conservation Act 1950 kunye noMthetho weSandalwood kunye nemithetho enxulumene nayo. Olu tshintsho lwaphawula ixesha elibalulekileyo kwindlela yolondolo lwendalo, ibonisa ukuqonda kwale mihla nezenzo ezintle zenzululwazi.

IBiodiversity Conservation Act neBiodiversity Conservation Arct ikhusela izidalwa nezityalo nezityalo eziphila kuzo, kuquka izilwanyana nezityalo ezisengozini yokusongelwa kwendalo. Lo mthetho mtsha uthatha indlela engakumbi yokukhusela indalo, uqonda ukuba ulondolozo oluphumelelayo lufuna kungekuphela nje ukukhusela uhlobo oluthile lwendalo kodwa zonke izidalwa zendalo kunye neenkqubo ezizixhasayo.

IBiodiversity Conservation Act ikhusela izilwanyana nezityalo ezingaqhelekanga zeNtshona Australia ngokunika isiseko esisemthethweni sokulondoloza indalo kunye nokukhusela iinkqubo zendalo ezisibonelayo. Esi sicwangciso sinentsingiselo sinceda ulawulo olunempumelelo lwendalo yezibonelelo zelizwe ngeli lixa linika imigaqo ecacileyo kwimisebenzi yolondolozo, uhlolozo, kunye nokuzibophelela koluntu.

Uhlelo Neendidi Zezilwanyana Ezisongelwayo

Ukuqonda Iindidi Zokusongela

Phantsi kweBiodiversity Conservation Act, izilwanyana zomthonyama zibekwe kwindawo eyingozi xa zisengozini enkulu yokutshatyalaliswa endle, yaye indalo idweliswe njengesengozini enkulu yokutshatyalaliswa. Le nkqubo inceda ekuphuculeni imigudu yokulondoloza nokunika izilwanyana ezifuna ukukhuselwa.

Izilwanyana ezisengozini zisengozini enkulu yokutshatyalaliswa kungekudala, ngoxa kunokwenzeka ukuba zitshatyalaliswe ngaphandle kokungenelela.

Izityalo ezisengozini eninzi zeNtshona Australia

I-Western Australia likhaya lezilwanyana ezininzi ezisengozini eninzi ezifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokungxamisekileyo. IGama leNyoongar: I-Kyorling Scientific Name: iPezopovivantris Com: Imeko yeNtshona Ground Parrot Conservation: Icedward Constellaved. Oku kuthetha ukuba uhlobo oluthile lunethuba eliphezulu lokufa okanye lokuphela kwixesha elizayo. I-Thoringle, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Kyorling ngolwimi lweNoongar, imela olunye lwentlobo zeentaka eziyingozi zikarhulumente.

Ijoongar Name: Yarkiny Scientific Name: IPseudemydura umbrina Eqhelekileyo Igama: i-Western Swamp Tortoise imo yolondolozo lwendalo: Isengozini eyingozi. Oku kuthetha ukuba uhlobo lunethuba eliphezulu lokufa okanye lokuphela kwixesha elizayo. Imfumba yemigxobhozo yasentshona, okanye iYarkiny, yenye yezirhubuluzi ezinqabileyo zehlabathi ezinqabileyo kwaye zikhona kuphela kwiindawo ezincinane ezisemntla wePerth.

I-woylie, okanye i-bettong engqukuva, inika omnye umzekelo wentlobo zentlobo ezijongene nezisongelo eziqatha. Ezi ntlobo zisongelwayo zidweliswe njengezilwanyana ezisengozini eyingozi phantsi koMthetho we-Western Australian Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016. Ngokwesizwe idweliswe njengeEscape phantsi kweCommonwealth Provincial Conservation Act 1999, kwaye i-i-IUCN Inguludwe olubomvu lwezikhuseli ezitheneyo njenge-Critistened Enritived.

I-Wridgetail possum yasentshona yintlobo-ntlobo ezisongelwayo phantsi komthetho weRhulumente noMgaqo-siseko. ENtshona Australia izilwanyana zidweliswe njengezilwanyana ezisengozini eyingozi phantsi koMthetho wokuKhuselwa Kolawulo ka-2016. Ngokwesizwe zikwadweliswe njenge-Ericationdrical eCritical Providence ne-Biodiversity Conservation Conservation Act 1999, kwaye ngezizwe ngezizwe zikuluhlu lwe-IUCN red Red Cristened Species njenge-Critical Endac.

Izilwanyana Nezityalo Ezisengozini ENtshona Ostreliya

Ngaphezu kwezilwanyana ezisengozini enkulu, iNtshona Australia ifumana iintlobo-ntlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ezisengozini ezifuna ukungenelela okubalulekileyo kogcino-lwazi. I-Nyoongar Name: Noombat Scientific Name: Myrmobatius fasciatus Name Common Name: imeko yokulondolozwa kwezilwanyana: IExpression. Oku kuthetha ukuba uhlobo oluthile luza kutshabalala kwixesha elizayo. I-candat, i-Atlantil syl prog, ijongene nezisongelo eziqhubekayo nangona ingumqondiso we-at ye-ommask of the systralies.

INyoongar Name: Ingoorlark Scientific Name: Calyptorynchus latirostris Name: Imeko yolondolozo lweChockatoo's: Isengozini: Ithetha ukuba uhlobo luza kutshabalala kwixesha elizayo. i-carnaby's cockatoo, i-ccatoo emnyama enkulu ehlala kumzantsi-ntshona we-Australia, iye yaziqhelanisa nento eninzi yabemi ngenxa yokulahleka kwekhaya nokuwohloka.

Imimandla Ekhuselweyo Neendawo Zokulondoloza Izilwanyana

Inethwekhi Yengingqi Ekhuselekileyo

I-Western Ostreliya ilawula uthungelwano olunzulu lweendawo ezikhuselekileyo ezisebenza njengeendawo zokuzikhusela eziyingozi kwizilwanyana nezityalo eziphithizelayo. Olu thungelwano luquka iipaki zesizwe, iindawo ezigcina indalo, iipaki zokulondoloza indalo, nemimandla ekhuselekileyo elwandle, zigquma izigidi zeehektare kulo lonke elo lizwe. Ezi ndawo zikhuselekileyo ziquka indalo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukusuka kumahlathi amade akwintshona ntshona ukuya kumagophe amagorha eKimbeley kunye neengqayi zekorale ezintle ezikunxweme.

Inkqubo ekhuselekileyo isebenza imisebenzi emininzi ngaphaya kolondolozo lwezilwanyana. Ezi ndawo zikhusela iisampuli ezimeleyo zezinto eziphilayo zeNtshona Australia, igcine iimpawu zenzululwazi yendalo, igcine iinkqubo zendalo, inike amathuba ophando lwenzululwazi, kwaye inike izithuba zokuzihlaziya nokukhenketha okusekelwe kwindalo. Ulawulo lwale ndawo lufuna ukulungelelanisa iinjongo zokulondolozwa kwendalo nokusetyenziswa nokufikeleleka koluntu.

IMiphaka yeSizwe yeMifanekiso kunye nexabiso lokulondolozwa kwayo

IRottnest Island, ebekwe kude nonxweme lwePerth, isebenza njengengcwele ebalulekileyo ye-carmonicka, imarsupial encinane eye yaduma ehlabathini lonke ngenxa yobuhlobo bayo. Ukukhusela kwesiqithi kubangele ukuba abemi be-modykka baqhubeke bephila xa kungekho iintshaba ezihlasela umhlabakazi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zokulondolozwa koluhlobo.

IKalbarri National Park, ekufuphi noMlambo ikhusela iindawo ezibalulekileyo ezihlala kunxweme naphakathi komhlaba. Imimandla eyahlukeneyo yale paki ixhasa iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana, kuquka ezininzi ezinqabileyo okanye eziyingozi. Imijelo emikhulu yomlambo kunye namatye aselwandle anika iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeentaka kunye nezityalo ezingaqhelekanga ezixhomekeke kwiimeko ezingaphiliyo zommandla.

IYanchep National Park, ekumntla wePerth, imela indawo ebalulekileyo yolondolozo kummandla okuhlala abantu abaninzi kumzantsi-ntshona. Le paki ikhusela iindawo ezisemaxhakawa, amahlathi, nemiqolomba yelitye elinomphantsi wesinyithi exhasa izilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka ii-kangaroo ze-gray, iikoala (ezikhutshiweyo), kunye neentaka ezininzi. Ukusondela kwayo kwimimandla yedolophu kwenza ukuba ixabiseke kwimfundo kunye nokudityaniswa kwebutho labantu.

Iindawo Ezikhuselwe Ngoomatiloshe

Ukusingqongileyo kwaselwandle kweNtshona Australia kubaluleke ngokufanayo ekulondolozweni kwezidalwa eziphilayo. Ilizwe lilawula iipaki ezininzi zaselwandle kunye nezigcini ezikhusela iingqaqa zekorale, amadlelo aselwandle, amahlathi e-mangrove, nendawo yokuhlala enzulu elwandle. Ezi ndawo zikhuselekileyo zikhuselekile ekuzaleni nasekutyeni izilwanyana zaselwandle, iimfudo zaselwandle, iintlanzi, kunye neemfumba zamathambo emqolo.

I-Ningaloo Marine Park, i-UNESCO Heritage Park, ingumzekelo wolondolozo lwehlabathi lodidi lolwandle. Le paki ikhusela enye yeengqayi zekorale ezide ehlabathini kwaye inika indawo yokuhlala ookrebe abaminenga, imiphunga, iminenga, nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zaselwandle. Ukuhlanganiswa kogcino-lwazi kunye nokhenketho oluzinzileyo kubonisa indlela iindawo ezikhuselekileyo ezinokuxhasa ngayo indalo nezoqoqosho zasekuhlaleni.

Iinkqubo zokuchacha Nezokulondolozwa Kwezinto Eziphilayo

Isicwangciso sokuchacha esizinzileyo

Ukukhusela nokukhusela izilwanyana ezisengozini nokukhusela indalo kunye nokusongela kwemekobume yendalo kungundoqo kumsebenzi wolondolozo lwendalo kwisebe. ISebe le-Biodiversity, i- Conservation and Accoats (DBCA) liququzelela iinkqubo ezithe nqo zokulungisa iintlobo ezisengozini, lisebenzisa ubuchule obusekelwe kubungqina ukucombulula iingozi ezijamelene nentlobo ngeentlobo.

Iinkqubo zokulungisa zibandakanya iinkalo ezininzi, kuquka ukubuyiselwa kwethafa, ukubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala, ukuzalana kwabantu abavalelweyo, ukuthunyelwa kwenye indawo, ukujongwa nokuphanda. Ezi nkqubo zifuna ukuba kubekho izivumelwano ezithe rhoqo kwaye zibandakanya intsebenziswano phakathi kwabameli bakarhulumente, amaziko ophando, imibutho yolondolozo lwendalo, kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni.

Ulondolozo lweMbali yeNtshona

Ipholi esemhlabeni wasentshona ingumthetho osongelayo phantsi komthetho weRhulumente kunye noMgaqo-siseko. ENtshona Australia ezi ntlobo zidweliswe njengezilwanyana ezisengozini eyingozi phantsi koMthetho wokulondolozwa kweNdlela yokuNcinanisa u-2016. Ngokwesizwe ikwadweliswe njenge-Eribacticus Encrivemental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Conservation Act 1999. Imigudu yokulondolozwa kwesi ntaka sibhadula iquka ukhuseleko lwendawo yokuhlala, ulawulo lomlilo, ulawulo lwezilwanyana, kunye nolawulo olunzulu lwemincindiswano kusetyenziswa ubugcisa bokuchokoza isandi ukufumanisa iifowuni ezizintlobo ngeentlobo ngeentlobo.

Ukusinda kwehokwe entshona yomhlaba kuxhomekeke ekulondolozeni indawo elungileyo ehlala iheathland kunye nesakhiwo esifanelekileyo sezityalo. Ulawulo lomlilo lunendima ebalulekileyo, njengokuba izityalo zifuna ifuthe lezityalo ezidala ixesha elide ukulungiselela indawo yokuhlala yokondla kunye nendlwane ngeli lixa zithintela intlekele yemililo emikhulu yengozi.

Imigudu Yokuchacha

UWoylie wakha wahlala kwilizwekazi lase-Australia elisemazantsi eetropiki kuquka imimandla eyomileyo neneemvula ezingephi yeNtshona Australia, i-Northern Territory, iNew South Wales neVictoria. Noko ke, ngoku zifumaneka kwimimandla emibini emincinci: Umntla Warren kunye noDyandra Woodland. Kukho nabemi abasuka eBatalling nangaphakathi kwemimandla enqatyisiweyo eMt Gibson, Karikamia kunye neWhiteman Park, kwana eNew South Wales kunye neSouth Australia.

Inkqubo yokuzinzisa i-oylie ibonisa ukuba kuntsonkotha kokulondoloza izilwanyana ezisengozini. Nangona ekuqaleni kuphumelela ukwanda kwabemi abalawula izilwanyana ezizingelayo nokufuduka, amanani ezinto ezisetyenziswayo aye ancipha ngokuphawulekayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Uphando oluqhubekayo luye lwaphanda ngezizathu zokuncipha koku, kuquka izifo, ukuhla kwezilwanyana, ukukhula komgangatho wendawo, ukuze kubonwe iindlela zokuzilungisa.

Ulondolozo lweNumbat

INumbat incinane kumlinganiselo ophakathi wemarsupial efana nomfuziselo wezilwanyana zaseNtshona Australia. Baphila kwiminye emibini ezenzeke ngokwemvelo kumzantsi-ntshona weNtshona Australia. Abanye abantu abaphinda baphinde batsha bahlala kwindawo ezikhuselekileyo kwiNew South Wales naseMzantsi Australia. Ulondolozo lweNumbat lubandakanya ulawulo olunzulu oluhlasela iikati neempungutye, ezizizinto eziyingozi kakhulu kule diurnal marquist.

Iinkqubo zokufudusa zimisele abemi abatsha abanesingqi se-antenat kumathala akhuselekileyo akhuselekileyo akhuselekileyo ahlasela izilwanyana eziphila ngezilwanyana, zinika abemi be-inshorensi iziganeko eziyingozi kubemi basendle. Ezi nkqubo zifuna ukukhethwa kwesiza ngononophelo, ukulungiselelwa kwendawo yokuhlala, nokujongwa okuqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yokuzinzisa.

Ukubuyiselwa Kwemizila Egoso

Ibhayili enkulu, eyayikhe yasasazeka jikelele ukunqumla i-Ostreliya eyinkqantosi nengaphiliyo, iye yafumana umlinganiselo ophawulekayo woluhlu lweminye imigudu yokulondoloza izilwanyana ze-Western Australia ijolise ekukhuseleni abantu abaseleyo nasekubuyiseleni indawo yokuhlala apho iintlobo zentlobo zitshaba zitshabalale khona. Iinqanowe ze-predenter zidala iindawo ezikhuselekileyo apho iibhalbhis zingazala ngaphandle koloyiko lwezilwanyana ezizingelayo.

Ukubuyiselwa kwemiphanda yemibhobho kubandakanya ukulawula uxinzelelo lwemifuno, ukulawula izityalo ezityalwayo, nokugcina izityalo zimile ngendlela efanelekileyo. Indima yentlobo-ntlobo njengenjineli yendalo, ngokuvelisa imingxuma enika ezinye iintlobo ezininzi indawo yokuzikhusela.

Inkqubo yokuhambisa itorto ehambayo yaseNtshona

Inkqubo yokuzalana kwemfumba ekwisidibi sasentshona imela elinye lamanyathelo amade eOstreliya ahambayo naphumeleleyo okuzalanisa amabanjwa. I-Perth Zoo idibanise amakhulukhulu eemfumba ukususela ekuqaleni kocwangciso, kunye nabantu abaninzi abakhululwa kwimimandla ekhuselekileyo. Le nkqubo idibanisa ukuzalana kwezilwanyana ezivalelweyo ngokukhuselwa kokuhlala nokudalwa, iqinisekisa ukuba iimpungushe zinendawo elungele ukusinda nokuzala.

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kubangela iingxaki ezithile ekulondolozweni kwemfumba esentshona, njengoko izilwanyana zixhomekeke kwimimandla egudileyo ebonakala ingathembeki.

Isalathisi soMsebenzi weNkqubo

Ulawulo Lwezinto Eziphilayo Ezingenayo

Iintlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana eziyingozi zimela enye yezona zisongelo zibalulekileyo kwizilwanyana zasendle zaseNtshona-Australia. Iikati, iimpungutye, imivundla, iibhokhwe, kunye nezityalo ezininzi eziziintyatyambo zinempembelelo etshabalalisayo kwindalo yomda. Ilizwe lisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula, kuquka ukuhlasela, ukudubula, ukugquma, nokulawula izilwanyana eziphila kuzo.

Inkqubo yeNtshona Shield, enye yeentshukumo ezinkulu zokukhusela izilwanyana, isebenzisa inqwelo-moya kunye nesixhobo sokutsala izilwanyana eziphila phantsi komhlaba ukulawula ingcuka kunye nabemi bamakati kwizigidi zeehektare. Le nkqubo iye yaba luncedo ekuncedeni abantu abaninzi abancancileyo abasengozini yokusongelwa, kuquka ii-oylmat, ii-scapeant, kunye nee-carkes. Impumelelo yodweliso lwenkqubo ibonisa ukubaluleka kolawulo olubalulekileyo lwezilwanyana ezizingela ukulondolozwa kwezilwanyana.

Ulawulo lwekati yenyamakazi lubangela imingeni ekhethekileyo ngenxa yokukwazi ukukwazi ukumelana nentlobo-ntlobo, ukuzingela, kunye namandla okuphila kwindawo ezahlukeneyo. Uphando kwimekobume yemeko-bume yegxalaba, indlela yokuziphatha, kunye noluntu olunamandla lunika ubuchule bolawulo, kuquka ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo zokuzingela ezinamandla, iindlela zokubamba, kunye nokuzikhulula.

Ulawulo lomlilo lwezidalwa eziphilayo

Umlilo unendima entsonkothileyo kwi-ecumetics yaseNtshona Australia, enentlobo ezininzi zendalo ezilungelelaniswa nolawulo oluthile lomlilo. Noko ke, ziguqulwe iipateni zomlilo ```````Kutsha indalo edla ngokutsha'''' kwaye kukhutshwe i-okenten' yendalo. Ulawulo lomlilo lujolise ekudaleni izityalo eziphila ngeminyaka eyahlukeneyo, nto leyo enika iinguqu zendalo ezinokuxhomekeka kohlobo oluthile.

Imikhwa yokutshisa yesithethe inika ingqiqo exabisekileyo kubaphathi bomlilo bexeshana. Abantu belizwe lasekuhlaleni balawula iindawo ngomlilo amashumi amawaka eminyaka, benza imizekelo exhasa izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kwaye banciphisa ubungozi bokutsha kwentlekele. Ukuzitshisa ulwazi lwabantwana kulawulo lomlilo lwale mihla kumele inyathelo elibalulekileyo elikhokelela ekusebenzeni nokulondolozwa kwempucuko.

Ulawulo Lwezifo

Izifo zezilwanyana zasendle zibangela ukuba kuvele izinto ezisongela ukulondolozwa kwezilwanyana.Izifo ezinjengesifo esichaphazela amasele, isifo sethumba ebusweni kwimibhobho yaseTasmania, kunye neentsholongwane ezahlukahlukeneyo ezichaphazela izilwanyana ezincancisayo kufuneka zijongwe zize ziphathwe kakuhle.

Uphando ngezifo zezilwanyana zasendle, iindlela zazo zokudlulisela iindledlana, kunye nonyango oluza kunceda ekulawuleni. Kwezinye iimeko, abemi beinshorensi abavalelweyo bakhusela ukutshatyalaliswa kwezifo ezisendle.

Ubandakanyeko Lobumi Nolwazi Lwesithethe

Ulawulo lwelizwe loluntu

Abantu belizwe loluntu lase-Australia baye balawula ummandla welizwekazi iminyaka engama-65 000, bephuhlisa ulwazi oluntsonkothileyo lwemekobume kunye nolawulo lwelizwe. Ukuqonda ixabiso lolu lwazi, iNtshona Australia ngokukhulayo ibandakanya iimbono kunye noqheliso lwelizwe kwicebo lolondolozo nolawulo.

Imimandla ekhuselweyo ehlala kwimimandla (IPA) imela ilungu elikhulayo lomsebenzi womnatha wogcino-lwazi okhuselweyo wase-Australia. Ezi ndawo, ezilawulwa ngabantu belizwe, zidibanisa iinjongo zolondolozo kunye nokhuseleko lwelifa lemveli kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho. I-IPAs inceda abantu belizwe lemveli ukuba bagcine unxulumano nelizwe ngelinye ixesha befak' isandla kwiinjongo zogcino lwelizwe nololawulo.

Amalungiselelo olawulo lokusebenza

Ulawulo lwemimandla ekhuselekileyo lubandakanya unxulumano phakathi kwabameli bakarhulumente nabanikazi besithethe belizwe, ukwabelana ngegunya lokwenza izigqibo kunye neembopheleleko zolawulo. La malungiselelo ayawaqaphela amalungelo oluntu kunye nezilangazelelo zoluntu ngoxa esebenzisa ulwazi lwesithethe kunye nenzululwazi yolondolozo lwexesha.

Ulawulo lwekhomputha lunganyusa iziphumo zolondolozo ngokubandakanya ulwazi lwendalo, ukuphucula uluntu, nokuqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo lunemilinganiselo yesithethe. Ulawulo oluphumelelayo lufuna umanyano lokwenyaniso, ubuncwane obaneleyo, kunye nokuhlonelana phakathi kwamaqabane.

Imilinganiselo yeNkcubeko neyokulondoloza

Iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana zibaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kubantu belizwe lasekuhlaleni, ezibalaselisa amabali endalo, imibhiyozo nezithethe.

Izakhono zolondolozo lwendalo zifeza indima ebalulekileyo engakumbi ekulondolozweni kwezilwanyana, ekuziseni ulwazi lwesithethe, ubuchule basekuhlaleni, neenkcubeko kwinkcubeko yezilwanyana. Iinkqubo zomgcini-khaya zinika amathuba emisebenzi kwiindawo ezikude ngoxa zinika iingenelo ezibalulekileyo zokulondolozwa kogcino-mali lwezilwanyana, ukulawulwa komlilo, nokujongwa kweentlobo-ntlobo.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu Kuchaphazela Izilwanyana Zasendle ENtshona Australia

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kubangela iingxaki ezinkulu ekulondolozweni kwezilwanyana zasendle eNtshona Ostreliya. Ukutshintsha okuthelekelelwayo kuquka ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, iimbalela, ukunyuka komlilo nobunzulu bolwandle.

Izityalo ezinezintlu ezilinganiselweyo, iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zokuhlala, okanye ubuchule obulinganiselweyo bokuzikhusela zijongene nomngcipheko othile obangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu. Iintlobo-ntlobo ezininzi zeNtshona Australia ziwela kwezi ntlobo, nto leyo eyenza ukuqhela imozulu kube yinto ephambili efuna ulondolozo.

Ubuchule Bokulungelelanisa

Iindlela zokutshintsha indlela yokuziqhelanisa nemozulu ziquka ukukhusela imozulu entle ne-reugia , esenokuba igcina iimeko ezifanelekileyo njengoko imozulu itshintsha---(nenza iipaseji ezinceda izilwanyana zitshintshe indlela yazo yokusebenza kwiimeko ezitshintshayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana, ukuqhubekeka kwazo ngempazamo kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwembali apho imozulu yexesha elizayo ifanelekile, kumela indlela ethanda ukuphikisa kodwa eyimfuneko kwezinye izidalwa.

Ukunciphisa ezinye izinto ezisongelayo, ezifana nokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nezidalwa eziphila ngokungenaziphene, kungandisa ukukwazi kwezidalwa ukumelana nemozulu ngokugcina abemi bephila kakuhle bekwazi ukuqhelanisa neemeko ezitshintshayo. Ulondolozo lwemfuza olufuna indaleko kuqinisekisa ukuba abantu bagcina umahluko ofunekayo ukuze baqhelane neemeko ezintsha zemekobume.

Uphando noHlahlo

Ukuqonda indlela imozulu echaphazela ngayo izidalwa nemekobume kufuneka uphando olude. IOstreliya yaseNtshona inikela ubuchule bokuhlola iinkqubo ezilandelela intsingiselo yemeko-ntle yabemi, utshintsho lokusasazwa kwemekobume, kunye nendlela yokusebenza kwemozulu eguquguqukayo. Le nkcazelo inika ulwazi olulungelelanisa ulawulo lolondolozo lwendalo, ivumela iindlela zokuzikhusela ziphucule njengoko ukuqonda kuphucula kunye neemeko zitshintsha.

Ubandakanyeka Kuluntu Nenzululwazi Yabemi

Ukuxhasa Uluntu

Impumelelo yolondolozo lwendalo ifuna inkxaso ebanzi nokuganana. IOstreliya yaseNtshona isebenzisa iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokwakha ukuphaphamisa nokubandakanyeka koluntu ekulondolozweni kwezilwanyana zasendle, kuquka iinkqubo zemfundo, amathuba okuzithandela, namaphulo enzululwazi angokwenzululwazi.

Iinkqubo zokuhlola uluntu zinceda amatsha - ntliziyo ukuba anikele ekulondolozweni ngokuqokelela inkcazelo engokusasazwa kweentlobo-ntlobo, iziphumo zoluntu, kunye nezisongelo. Ezi nkqubo azivelisi nje kuphela ulwazi olubalulekileyo kodwa kwakhona zakha unxulumano loluntu kwimiba yezilwanyana zasendle neyokulondoloza izilwanyana.

Imfundo nokulumkiswa

Iinkqubo zokufundisa ukulondolozwa kwendalo zijolise kubantu abahlukahlukeneyo, ukususela kubantwana besikolo ukuya kubakhenkethi. Ezi nkqubo zijolise ekukhuliseni ukuqonda indalo engaqhelekanga yeNtshona Ostreliya, iingozi ezijamelene nazo, kunye nezenzo ezinokusetyenziswa ngabantu ukuxhasa ukulondolozwa kwendalo.

Iindawo zokuguqulela iilwimi kwipaki neendawo ezihlala abantu zivulela amathuba okutyelela izilwanyana nendalo.

Iinkqubo Zokuzithandela

Iinkqubo zamatsha - ntliziyo zinceda amalungu oluntu ukuba abe negalelo elingqalileyo kwimisebenzi yolondolozo. Amatsha - ntliziyo ancedisa kwimisebenzi efana nokukhuliswa kwezityalo, ukulawulwa kwezityalo, ukujongwa kwezilwanyana, kunye nolawulo lwabanqolobi.

Uphando noHlololo

Uphando Lwenzululwazi Lokuxhasa Ulondolozo

Ugcino-zilwanyana olusekelwe kubungqina lufuna uphando olunzulu lwenzululwazi ukuze kuqondwe indalo, kubonwe izinto eziyingozi, kuvavanywe ulawulo. I-Ostreliya yaseNtshona ixhasa uphando oluvela kumaqumrhu karhulumente, kwiiyunivesithi nakumaziko ophando, ukuphanda imibandela esusela kwizinto eziphilayo ukuya kwiinkqubo zendalo nakwizinto eziphilayo ukuya kubuchule bokulondoloza indalo.

Izinto eziphambili ekuphandeni ziquka ukuqonda izinto ezibangela ukuba izilwanyana zinciphe, ukuphuhlisa ubuchule bokulawula, ukuphanda ngeengozi zezifo nokuxela kwangaphambili iziphumo zemozulu. Uphando olunenkcubeko phakathi kwamaqumrhu, amaziko kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni luphucula uphando nokuqinisekisa ukuba oko kufunyanisiweyo kuya kuzisa ulawulo.

Iinkqubo zoHlololo-Ngubuliso lweXesha elide

Ukujongwa ixesha elide kunika ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nentsingiselo yabantu, utshintsho lokusasazwa, kunye nempilo yemekobume. Ukuhlola okungaguquguqukiyo kwiminyaka namashumi eminyaka kunceda ukuba kubonwe utshintsho oluchuliweyo, ukuhlolwa kolawulo olusebenzayo, kunye nesilumkiso esikhawulezileyo ngengozi evelayo.

Iinkqubo zokuhlola zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukuchonga ikhamera, ukuhlola isandi, uhlolisiso lwendlela yokuhamba nokubhala, kunye nokuhlola imiqathango yemfuza. Inkqubela yezobugcisa, efana nokuva kude, izixhobo zokushicilela ezisetyenziswa ngabantu, kunye nohlalutyo lweDNA yendalo, kuphucula amandla okuhlola nokusebenza kwamandla okuhlola.

Ulawulo oluzinzileyo

Ukulawula ulungelelwaniso lubonisa izenzo zokulondolozwa kwendalo njengelingelo, ukuqwalasela iziphumo kunye nokulungisa iindlela ezisekelwe kwiziphumo. Le ndlela ingqina ukungaqiniseki kokulondolozwa kwendalo kwaye inceda ukuba ukwazi ukufunda kwiimpumelelo nokungaphumeleli. Ulawulo lokulungisa izinto lufuna iinjongo ezicacileyo, ukujonga ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo, nokukulungela ukulungisa iindlela xa ubungqina bubonisa ukuba kufuneka utshintsho.

Uququzelo loMthetho kunye nokunyanzelwa

Umsebenzi wesakhelo solawulo

Le mithetho ilawula izityalo nezilwanyana eziseMfuleni wonke 2018.

Inkqubo yokulungisa iintwala inceda ekulawuleni ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana zasendle ngenjongo yophando lwenzululwazi, imfundo, nemisebenzi yezorhwebo ngoxa iqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwazo akusongelo kulondolozo lwezilwanyana. Iimeko zelayisensi zichaza imisebenzi evunyelweyo, iimfuno zokunikela ingxelo, nolondolozo lwezilwanyana ukuze kuncitshiswe imiphumo.

Unyanzeliso kunye nonikezelo

Umthetho osebenzayo wokulondoloza izilwanyana ufuna ukuthotyelwa ngokwaneleyo ukuze kuthintelwe imisebenzi engekho mthethweni nokuqinisekisa ukuthobela. Amagosa ezilwanyana zasendle anegunya lokuphanda ngezaphulo, ukuwisa isigwebo, nokumangalela amatyala anzulu. Izinto eziphambili eziphambili ziquka ukurhweba ngezilwanyana zasendle okungekho mthethweni, ukususwa kwezilwanyana ezisengozini, nomonakalo owenziwe ngabom kwizilwanyana ezisengozini.

Iinkqubo zokuququzelela ukunyanzeliswa komthetho nemfundo, ukunceda abagcini-mhlaba namashishini baqonde iimbopheleleko zabo nokubonelela ngenkxaso kwiimfuno zolawulo. Le ndlela ilungeleleneyo ijolise ekufumaneni iziphumo zolondolozo loko kusekulondolozeni ulwalamano oluhle nabagcini-mali.

Imali neZibonelelo

Ukuveliswa kwemali karhulumente

Ulondolozo lwemali lufuna ugcino-mali oluqhubekayo kulawulo lwendawo ekhuselweyo, iinkqubo zokulungisa izityalo, uphando, kunye nokunyanzelisa ukuba zisetyenziswe.

Ukubonelela ngeemfuno zolondolozo, kunye nezibonelelo ezijoliswe kwizilwanyana ezisengozini enzulu, kwizinto eziphila ngemekobume ephezulu, kunye neenkqubo ezibonisa ukusebenza. Noko ke, inkxaso-mali yolondolozo isoloko iphelelwa zimfuno ezifunekayo, ezifuna ubuchule nokusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo.

Umanyano noovimba

Umanyano nemibutho engengorhulumente, iziseko zoncedo, kunye namacandelo azimeleyo ancedisa ekutyalisweni kwezixhobo zikarhulumente nasekukhuliseni amandla okuzilondoloza. Olu manyano lunganikezela ngenkxaso eyongezelelekileyo, ubuchule, kunye nonxulumano loluntu olunyusa iziphumo zolondolozo.

Iinkqubo zolondolozo nezobugosa zibandakanya abagcini beendawo ekulondolozweni kwazo, zikhusela izityalo nezityalo eziphila emhlabeni ngezivumelwano zokuzithandela. Ezi nkqubo ziyaqonda ukuba indalo ezininzi ze-ostreliya yaseNtshona Koloni zingaphandle kwemimandla ekhuselweyo, nto leyo eyenza ulondolozo lwelizwe lwabucala lube yimfuneko ekukhuseleni indalo.

Isalathisi sogcino-mali sesizwe

Ukulungelelaniswa kwesizwe esihambelanayo

UMthetho weNkundla yokuKhuselwa Kwendalo eOstreliya ubandakanya amagunya esizwe nawesizwe, ofuna umanyano ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa okusebenzayo. I-Evironment and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (I-EPC Act) inika ukhuseleko lomgangatho wesizwe kwimibandela yemekobume yesizwe, kuquka izilwanyana nendalo ezisengozini.

Izilwanyana ezininzi zaseNtshona Australia ezisongelwayo zikwadweliswe phantsi koMthetho we-EPBC, ubangela ukuba kuhlolwe imfuneko yemisebenzi enokuthi ichaphazele ngokuphawulekayo ezi ntlobo. Umanyano phakathi korhulumente norhulumente luzimisele ukuqukuqela iinkqubo zokuhlola iimeko-bume ngoxa lulondoloza ukhuseleko olungqongqo lwemekobume.

Isicwangciso sokuRevector

Kwiintlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana ezenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi, iiplani zokuzilungisa zesizwe zilungelelanisa imigudu yokulondoloza indalo nokuqinisekisa ukufikelela ngokuzinzileyo. IOstreliya yaseNtshona inegalelo kwaye iphumeza izicwangciso zokuziphucula zesizwe ngeli xesha iphuhlisa izicwangciso ezicacileyo zikarhulumente zezidalwa ezenzeka kuphela kwimida yayo.

Ucelomngeni Nemigaqo Yexesha Elizayo

Ukuthetha Ngezisongelo Ezingapheliyo

Nangona kukho imigudu emikhulu yokulondoloza izilwanyana zasendle, izilwanyana zaseNtshona Australia ziyaqhubeka zisecicinikweni. Ukulahleka kwemibutho ehlala abantu ngenxa yokugawulwa komhlaba, ukwanda kwedolophu, kunye nokukhuliswa kwezolimo kuseyinto ephambili ekuxhalabisayo. Nangona ulawulo lolawulo lusikelwe umda ekucinyweni kwezinye iindawo, uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo, ingakumbi kumzantsi ntshona wendalo, lusongela iindawo zokuhlala ezicetyisiweyo.

Izilwanyana eziziinkozo ziyaqhubeka zihlasela izilwanyana zasendle, yaye zibangela iingxaki ezikhoyo. Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kunye nenkqubo yokusabela ngokukhawuleza kuzimisele ukuthintela ukusekwa kweentlobo ezintsha zezilwanyana eziziintloni, ngoxa iinkqubo zokulawula zilawula abantu abakhoyo.

Ukubuyiselwa kobugcisa

Ubugcisa obudibanisayo bunika amathuba amatsha okulondolozwa kwendalo. IiDromone zenza uphando olufanelekileyo lwemimandla ekude kunye nokujongwa kwentlobo-ntlobo zemfuza ezinzima. Ubugcisa bemfuza, kuquka i-DNA ehlola imekobume kunye nohlalutyo lwe-genomec, zinika izixhobo ezinamandla zokufumanisa ubukho bezidalwa, ukuvavanya impilo yabemi, kunye nokuzisa iinkqubo zokuzala.

Ubuchule bokwenza kunye nomatshini wokufunda ukuphucula uhlalutyo logcino-lwazi, ukunceda ukulungelelanisa imifanekiso yekhamera ebambayo, ushicilelo lwezandi kunye nemifanekiso yesatellite. Ezi zixhobo zobugcisa zinokulwandisa ngokuphawulekayo ubuchule bokuhlola iinkqubo zenziwe ze zincede uhlalutyo lwedata lube lukhulu kakhulu ukuba lungenziwa ngezandla.

Yiqalise ukwi-intanethi

IBiodiversity Conservation Act iyahlolisiswa ngoku. Oku kuhlola kunikwa ithuba lokuvavanya ukuphumelela komthetho nokuphuculwa kwawo. Ukhangelo lomntu ophetheyo, igalelo lenzululwazi, kunye novavanyo lwamava okuzalisekisa, luza kuzisa izilungiso ezinokutshintshwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhuselwa kwendalo.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wexesha elizayo ungaquka ukuhlanganiswa okunamandla kokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yoluntu, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yolondolozo lwelizwe, kunye nokuphumelela kakhulu kokusongela ukhuseleko. Ukulungelelanisa iinjongo zolondolozo nenkqubela-phambili yezoqoqosho neemfuno zoluntu kusenocelomngeni oluqhubekayo olufuna uphuhliso lwenkqubo eqwalaselweyo.

Ukwakha Ukukhululeka

Ubuchule bokulondoloza ikamva bumele bukwazise ukumelana neengcinezelo ezikhulayo zemekobume. Oku kuquka ukulondoloza imfuza, ukukhusela iindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukudibanisa iindawo ezingqongileyo, nokunciphisa imiphumo ebangelwa zizinto ezininzi eziyingozi.

Iindlela ezisekelwe kwindalo ezikhusela inkqubo yogcino-lwazi nolwalamano, kunokuba zijoliswe kuphela kwintlobo-ntlobo, zingazisa iingenelo ezibanzi zokulondoloza indalo zize zakhe inkqubo ehlala ihleli. Ukukhusela indalo ecocekileyo kukhusela izidalwa ukuba zingasongelwa, kumela ubuchule obusebenzayo nobempumelelo bokuzilondoloza kunokuzama ukuphinda zifumaneke emva kokuwohloka okunzima.

Amabali Empumelelo Nethemba Ngekamva

Iimpumelelo Zokulondoloza

Nangona kukho iingxaki eziqhubekayo, iNtshona Australia iye yaphumelela kakhulu ekulondolozweni kwendalo. Iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ziye zachazwa zizinto eziyingozi ezingaphezulu emva kwemigudu yokuziphucula ephumelelayo. Iinkqubo zokufudusa ziye zasungula amanani amatsha ezilwanyana ezisengozini, zandisa umlinganiselo wazo kwaye zanciphisa iingozi zokuphela.

Ukwanda komsebenzi womnatha okhuselekileyo kukhusele iindawo zokuhlala ezigxekwayo, ngeli xesha ulawulo oluphuculiweyo lwemigcini-khaya ekhoyo luye lwanyusa ixabiso lawo lokulondolozwa. Ukudityaniswa koluntu ekulondolozweni kwendalo kuye kwakhula, namanani andayo amatsha - ntliziyo, izazinzulu, kunye nabagcini-mhlaba abazimeleyo abafak'unegalelo ekukhuselweni kwendalo.

Izifundo Ezifundiweyo

Amashumi eminyaka amava olondolozo luye lwavelisa izifundo ezixabisekileyo. Ungenelelo lokuqala lusebenza kwaye luxabisa kakhulu kunokuzama ukubuyisa iintlobo-ntlobo emva kokuwohloka okunzima. Ukuzibophelela okuqinileyo kunye nenkxaso-mali yexesha elide ziyimfuneko, njengoko iziphumo zolondolozo zidla ngokufuna iminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka ukufezekisa. Ulwahlulo phakathi kwamaziko, asekuhlaleni, kunye nabagcini-mathikithi banegalelo elingakumbi ekulondolozeni izilwanyana kwaye bakhe inkxaso ebanzi.

Ulawulo olulungelelanisayo lunceda ukuba kufundwe kumava nakuphuculo iindlela zokuphuhlisa ulwazi lwesithethe nenzululwazi yanamhlanje lunganyusa iziphumo zolondolozo ngoxa luhlonela imilinganiselo yesithethe namalungelo.

Ukukhangela Phambili

Izityalo ezahlukeneyo zeNtshona Australia zimela ilifa lendalo elingatshintshekiyo elinentsingiselo yomhlaba wonke. Ukukhusela elifa kufuna isibopho esiqinileyo, ubuncwane obufanelekileyo, kunye nokuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kwiindlela zokulondoloza. Inkqubo yequmrhu elibanzi lelizwe, uthungelwano olunzulu lwengingqi ekhuselweyo, kunye neenkqubo zolondolozo olunikezelweyo zinika isiseko esiqinileyo sokhuseleko lwezidalwa ngezidalwa ngezityalo.

Noko ke, ukunyuka kwengozi yokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ezihlala kuzo, kufuna imigudu ephucukileyo kunye neendlela ezintsha zokuyilungisa. Ukwakha ngempumelelo yangaphambili ngexesha lokulungisa iingxaki ezivelayo kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba izilwanyana zezilwanyana zaseNtshona Australia ziyaqhubeka ziqhubeka kwizizukulwana zexesha elizayo.

Ukuhlanganiswa kolwazi nolawulo lwelizwe, ubugcisa, ukudityaniswa kwebutho labantu, kunye nenkqubo esekelwe kubungqina inika iindlela zokuzikhusela eziphumelelayo. Ngokuqhubeka kulungelelaniswa nokuqinisa iinkqubo zolondolozo lwendalo, iNtshona Australia inokuhlala ikwisikhundla sayo njengenkokeli yomhlaba wonke kwizinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kwaye iqinisekisa ukusinda kwelifa layo lezilwanyana zasendle elikhethekileyo.

Oovimba nolwazi oluthe vetshe

Abo banomdla wokufunda okungakumbi ngemigudu yokulondoloza izilwanyana zasendle yaseNtshona-Australia okanye ukubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yolondolozo, kukho oovimba abaninzi. I- Indawo ye-biodiversity, i-serserver kunye ne-Applications inika inkcazelo ebanzi malunga nezilwanyana ezisengozini, iindawo ezikhuselweyo, kunye neenkqubo zokulondoloza.

I- yeSebe likaRhulumente loTshintsho lwemozulu, i-Energy, iMeko-bume neManzi inikela ulwazi malunga nezilwanyana ezisengozini kunye neenkqubo zolondolozo lwendalo ezidweliswe ngamazwe. Imibutho yolondolozo enjenge i-Moral Conservancy Australia[ inika amathuba okubandakanyeka noxhaso lwemisebenzi yolondolozo.

Amaziko emfundo, kuquka i- i-Australian Museum , inika ubuncwane bokufunda ngemiqobo yendalo neengxaki zokulondoloza indalo yelizwe. Ukutyelela iipaki neendawo zogcino-lwazi lwesizwe kunika amathuba okubona izilwanyana zasendle ezikhethekileyo zaseNtshona Australia ngokokuxhasa ukulondolozwa kwemali ngemirhumo yepaki kunye nee-ekhefi.

Ngokuhlala benolwazi, bexhasa amanyathelo okulondolozwa kwendalo, kwaye besenza ukhetho olunolwabantu abanokuqonda indalo, abantu bangaba negalelo ekukhuseleni ilifa lendalo elingaqhelekanga leNtshona Ostreliya. Ikamva lezilwanyana zasendle ezikhethekileyo zikarhulumente lixhomekeke kwisenzo somanyano kunye nokuzibophelela okuqhubekayo ekulondolozweni korhulumente, kumaqela, nakuluntu ngokufanayo.