Ukuqonda Imithetho Yomlilo Yasekuhlaleni Nokukhusela Ikhaya Lakho

Minyaka yonke, imililo yasekhaya ibangela amawaka engozi engenakuthintelwa kunye nezigidi zeerandi kumonakalo wempahla kulo lonke elaseUnited States. Ngelixesha izixhobo zokwakha zangoku kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko zinciphisa umngcipheko okhoyo, ukhuseleko olunye olusebenzayo luhlala luqonda kakuhle "/" kwaye luthobelanisa ne) imiqathango yomlilo wendawo. Le mithetho ayiyomiqobo ezenzekelayo yomthetho efihlakeleyo; isebenza ngobuchule, imigangatho yedata-odolivanity ebonakalisa umngcipheko womlilo wendalo yakho, imozulu, kunye nesiseko soluntu. Ukuba unekhaya elinye, uhlala kwikhomdominium, okanye ulawula ipropati eqeshiweyo, ilandela le mithetho ekhoyo encinane neyingozi. Le sikhokelo esikhuthazweyo siyakuhamba phakathi kwale migaqo, onokuthi udibane nezenzo ezifanelekileyo zokuqinisekisa ukuba uhlale ume kunye nokuhlala uhlala ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ukubaluleka Kwemithetho Yomlilo Yasekuhlaleni

Ikhowudi yokhuseleko lomlilo iye yavela ngokuphawulekayo kwinkulungwane edluleyo, isoloko ibhalwe emva kokutsha okubulalayo okubhenca izithuba eziyingozi kwisakhiwo kunye nokuhlala. Imimiselo yomlilo womhlaba isebenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo engaphaya kokugcina umthetho.

Umngcipheko wonciphiso ngemigangatho yemeko----pecical

Ngokungafaniyo nemithetho yesizwe ekwimo-sixa esinye, imigaqo yasekuhlaleni ityala iingozi zengingqi. Kwimimandla yequmrhu lomlilo yeKhalifoniya, iColorado, okanye i-Australia, imithetho yemithetho yogunyazisa i-metropic translate, izakhiwo ezingatshisiyo, kunye nezithuba ezicacileyo zokucoca. Kumaziko akwizixeko ezixineneyo njenge New York City okanye Chicago, imigaqo yemithetho ijonge kwikhompatimente, ithetha ukusetyenziswa kwe-eroffral, kunye nomgama phakathi kwezakhiwo zokukhusela ukudubula. Iingingqinelisa imithombo yamanzi kunye nobubanzi obukwindlela yokungena emlilweni. Ezi zizinto zobulali zisekelwe kwisiganeko sembali kunye nomngcipheko womlilo owenziwa yimodensi yobulali bakho kwi-&817; iofisi yeofisi.

Ukhuseleko Lobomi Nempahla

Injongo yokuqala yayo nayiphi na ikhowudi yomlilo lukhuseleko lobomi. Imithetho esebenzayo inciphisa umngcipheko wokufa kumlilo wekhaya ngesiqingatha, ngokweNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA) [umthombo: NFPA Uasis Plazes Ukhuseleko lomlilo[]. Kodwa imimiselo ikhusela nezakhiwo ngokwazo, ezifuna iindibano ezizinzisa umlilo eziseludongeni, imigangatho, kunye nezilingi ezilinganisela ulwando lomlilo zinika ixesha elininzi lokuphendula.

Ukumisela Isakhelo Sokusabela Ngexesha Lentlekele

Amasebe omlilo axhomekeke kwimisebenzi yokwakha eqinisekisiweyo kwimisebenzi esebenzayo. Imithetho efuna amanani edilesi aphawulwe kakuhle, ii-hydrents, kunye neengingqi zokunkqonkqoza ezifikelelekayo ivumela abaphulaphuli bokuqala ukuba basebenze ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo. Xa ezi khowudi zilandelwa, amaxesha okuphendula afutshane kwaye amathuba okuhlangula abantu abasengxakini anyuka ngokuphawulekayo.

Imfundo noxanduva loluntu

Imimiselo yomlilo yasekuhlaleni idla ngokuquka amalungu emfundo kawonke-wonke .Nkqubela uhlolo lwaminyaka le lweempawu zokuqesha, iinkqubo zokufaka isandi somlilo, kunye nokuthintela iziganeko zeveki. Ikwadala ityala ngokubeka imiyalelo yokuhlawulwa okanye yokulungisa kumnini wezinto ongakwaziyo ukugcina izixhobo zokhuseleko. Oku kunika imbopheleleko ekhuthaza ukukhuselwa komlilo okukhusela wonke umntu kummandla.

Imithetho Eqhelekileyo Yasekuhlaleni Yomlilo Omele Wazi

Nangona imigaqo ethile yahluka ngokwamasipala, kukho iindidi eziliqela zemithetho ezisoloko zivela ngaphaya kolawulo oluninzi lwase-U. Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo kukunceda ukwazi oko umele ukukhangele kumthetho wakho wasekuhlaleni.

Imithetho Yokwakha Nokwakha

Ikhowudi yokwakha zangoku ngezantsi. Ngokufana nemithetho yehlabathi lonke yeResidial Code (IRC) okanye ikhowudi yokwakha yezizwe ngezizwe (IBC), esoloko isetyenziswa ngokulungisa kwe-inshorensi/izikhuseli zomlilo zasekuhlaleni ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya phezulu. Bayalela:

  • [[UMTL:0] Izinto ezixhasa ukutshiseka: Iimfuno zodonga lomlilo olunamacala odonga oludityanisiweyo kwigalaji nakumacala amagumbi eziko, udidi Lwezinto zokufulela, kunye nereyithi yokusasaza umlilo ukwenzela ukugqiba ngaphakathi.
  • Imfuno ezifunekayo: Ubuncinci befestile kumlinganiselo wokuphuma nowokuhlangula (ubuncinane isiqingatha senyawo ezisisikwere esingu-5.7 ezinobude obungangaphezulu kwee-intshi eziyi44 ngaphezu komgangatho) kwigumbi ngalinye lokulala nakumgangatho ongaphantsi.
  • [[FLT: 0] I alarm yombane kunye nofakelo lwekharbon monoxide: Imimandla emininzi ngoku ifuna isandi esidityanisiweyo kumgangatho wonke wekhaya, ngaphakathi kwigumbi ngalinye lokulala, nangaphandle kwendawo nganye, eneeyunithi zebhethri eziqinileyo okanye ezineminyaka elishumi ezivaliweyo.
  • Ireyithingi zokhuselo zodonga nemigangatho: Kwizindlu zeentsapho ezininzi, iindonga phakathi kweyunithi maziphumele kwiqondo lomlilo weyure enye, ukuthintela umlilo ekusasazeni phakathi kwezindlu kangangemizuzu engama-60.

Isandi esilumkisayo somlilo kunye neenkqubo zokufumana

Ngaphandle kwemiqathango engundoqo yesandi somsi, ikhowudi ezininzi zasekuhlaleni ngoku zifuna:

  • Isixokelelwano somlilo esizenzekelayo esinesonga kumakhaya amakhulu okanye izinto eziqengqelekayo ngaphezulu kobungakanani obuthile.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuheat uphatho kwikhitshi nakwii-anki apho isandi somsi sinokuvelisa isandi esihluphayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-strobe alamuli ebonakalayo nebonakalayo kubahlali abaneziphene zokuva (ababuzwa ngamaMelika anesiphene sokwenza utshintsho kwikhowudi ezininzi zokwakha).

Izicimi zomlilo kunye neenkqubo zokucinezela

Izicima-mlilo ezinokusetyenziswa zigunyaziswa kwiindawo eziliqela ezikhethekileyo:

  • [[FLT: 0]Kitten: ngokwesitatististifi yegumbi eliqhelekileyo lemvelaphi yomlilo wekhaya. Ikhowudi ezininzi zasekuhlaleni zifuna icandelo lokucima i-ABC kumgangatho we-30 yeenyawo zezixhobo zokupheka.
  • Nearpouses kunye nezitovu zamaplanga: Ukuphatha umlilo wetshimini okanye amalahle alahlekayo.
  • Kwigalaji ezidityanisiweyo: Apho kukho ulwelo oluvuthayo, iimathini zegesi, kunye nolwelo lwesithuthi.
  • Iinkqubo zokufakela ezisetyenziswayo: Ngelixesha zingekafikeleli kumakhaya entsapho enye, amakhaya amatsha kwimimandla emininzi yedolophu kufuneka afake izitshizi zomlilo ngokwemigangatho ye-NFPA 13D.

Ukucinywa, Ingxaki, Nesithuba Esingenamandla

Le mithetho ijolise ekucothiseni okanye ekunqandeni umlilo usasazeke phakathi kwezakhiwo okanye ukusuka ehlathini ukuya emakhayeni:

  • Unqanda uxinzelelo lwemigca ye-property: umgama omncinci ukusuka kwisakhiwo ukuya kumgca womhlaba, ngokufuthi 5 ukuya kwi 10 yeenyawo, ukunciphisa ubushushu obuqaqambileyo kwizakhiwo eziselumelwaneni.
  • Ulwakhiwo lwe- olunomkrolo nolunesofi: Kwimimandla evuthayo, intunja ephumayo mayiyilelwe ukuxhathisa ukuphazanyiswa kwe- ember, kwaye uvulo ngokwalo lusenokufuna ukuvalwa ngezinto ezingatshisiyo.
  • Ulawulo lokhukuliso: Isivalelo sohlaza olufileyo, ukusika amasebe emithi ubuncinane kangangeenyawo ezilishumi ukusuka kwitshimini, nokugcina ummandla wesigcini sethutyana oziinyawo eziyi30 ongenazo izityalo ezitshisa umlilo kakhulu jikelele kwizakhiwo ezikwimimandla ephezulu.

Vula Imililo Etshayo Neyokuzonwabisa

Oomasipala abaninzi balawula ngokungqongqo nawuphi na umlilo ongaphandle, kuquka:

  • [[UMTL:0] Imililo engqukuva, imililo emikhulu, ukutsha kwezolimo, okanye ukwakhiwa komlo wodaka.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ipit kunye nemithetho ye-chiminea: imigama emincinci ukusuka kwizakhiwo, umgangatho, kunye nocingo oluvuthayo (ngokufuthi ishumi elinesihlanu ukuya kwi25 yeenyawo).
  • I- Ukuvalwa komsebenzi: imiqathango yexesha lonyaka ngexesha lomongo, elinomoya xa ingozi yomlilo igqithisile.

Ukufumaneka kwemeko engxamisekileyo nokubonakala kwedilesi

Iilori zomlilo kufuneka zifumane ikhaya lakho zize zisondele ngokwaneleyo ukuba zisetyenziswe. Iimfuno eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Imiqondiso yedilesi ecacileyo enkulu (ubuncinane ii-intshi ezine), ebonakalisa, kwaye iyabonakala esitratweni imini nobusuku.
  • Ububanzi bendlela obujikelezayo kunye nokususwa okuthe nkqo: buncinci obuyi12 ukuya kwi 14 yeenyawo ububanzi obuneenyawo eziyi13,5 zobude obuthe nkqo bezithuthi zexesha likaxakeka. Ukujika kungafuneka kwindlela yesiphelo somqhubi ezide kuneenyawo eziyi 150.
  • [[UMTL:0] Indawo ezi-Hydrant kunye nemigangatho yokufakela: Amacandelo amatsha kufuneka acebe ukwenziwa kwendlu esetyenziswayo ukwenzela ukuba indlu nganye ibe ngaphaya kwewaka leenyawo zomlilo ovuthayo, kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno zoqukuqelo lwasekuhlaleni.

Indlela Yokuhlala Usebenzisana Nemithetho Yomlilo Wasekuhlaleni

Ukubeka iinkcukacha zekhowudi yomlilo yasekuhlaleni kungaziva kunzima, kodwa indlela ecwangcisiweyo igcina umsebenzi usebenza. Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo anokusetyenziswa ngumninimzi ngamnye okanye umphathi wempahla onokuwathatha.

1. Faka ikhowudi yomlilo yasekuhlaleni

Qala ngokutyelela isixeko sakho okanye iphondo i-’ i-website esemthethweni, okanye ime ngomgaqo wokuthintela umlilo kwisikhululo somlilo sobulali bakho. Amazwe amaninzi ngoku athumela ikhowudi eyamkelweyo kwi-intanethi, kuquka izahluko zesihlomelo ezinazo zonke ii-mentente ezisetyenziswayo. Ukuba uhlala kwilizwe elisebenzisa i-International Fire Code (IFC), khangela izongezo zobulali.

Ceba Ukuhlolwa Kwamakhaya Ngokuzithandela

Amasebe amaninzi omlilo anikela uhlolo lwesisa lokhuseleko lwasekhaya njengenkonzo kawonke-wonke. Umhloli womlilo oqeqeshiweyo uza kudlula kwimpahla yakho, abonise iingozi ezinokwenzeka, aze anike uluhlu olubhaliweyo lwezenzo zokulungisa. Oku akulungisi ukhuseleko lwakho kuphela kodwa kukunika uxolo lwengqondo lokuba uhlangabezana neemfuno zekhowudi ezisisiseko.

3. Gcina zonke izixhobo zokhuseleko

Ukuqokelela asisosiganeko sexesha elinye; kufuna ingqalelo eqhubekayo:

  • Vavanya umsi nealamu yekharbon monoxide nyanga nganye, thabathel ’ indawo ubuncinane ngeenyanga ezintandathu, uze uthabathele indawo yonke le yunithi kwiminyaka eli - 10.
  • Khangela uxinzelelo loxinzelelo lomlilo ngenyanga. Amaphawu aqinisekisiweyo angonakalanga kwaye iyunithi ayonakalanga. Beka imodeli ezinokuphinda zifunxeke emva kokusetyenziswa, kunye nemodeli elahlwayo ngokwe ’ umhla.
  • Uhlambe iimpuphuma ezomileyo, iitshimini, kunye nezihluzi zeziko minyaka le — ulwelo oluphambili lomlilo wasekhaya.

4. Qhubeka Uceba Kuyavunyelwa Nanamhla

Imvume ifuneka nakweyiphina ingqwalaselo, ulwandiso, okanye utshintsho lokusetyenziswa. Ukutsala imvume kuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi wakho uhlolwe ukuhambelana nekhowudi yomlilo yangoku. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu:

  • Ukuseka isitovu senkuni okanye indawo yokutshisa.
  • Ukongeza umgangatho, ivaranda, okanye i-carport (isakhiwo esincanyathiselwe kwindlu singatshintsha iindlela ezijikayo kunye neemfuno zokucima umlilo).
  • Ukuguqula igalaji ibe sisithuba sokuhlala (ngokufuthi kufuneke ulwahlulo lodonga oluqiniswe ngomlilo, ulwahlulo lomsi olungakumbi, kunye nefestile yokubuyela umva).

5 Fundisa Wonke Umntu Ekhaya

Regulations only work if people know what to do during a fire. Practice a home escape plan that includes two ways out of every room and a designated meeting place outside. Make sure all household members know where the fire extinguisher is and how to operate it using the PASS method (Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep).

6. Ukhuseleko lomlilo lusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezintsonkothileyo

Ukuba unekhaya elikhulu, indlu eneyunithi yokuhlala, okanye impahla edityanisiweyo, qwalasela ukuqesha injineli yokhuselo lomlilo okanye umcebisi wekhowudi yomlilo ukuze ahlole ngokucokisekileyo. Banokuchonga imiba efihlakeleyo engadibaniyo. "njengekucima umlilo ongafanelekanga eludongeni okanye ukungakwazi ukukhupha i-eroff" okunokuthi kukhokelele ekufumaneni izicatshulwa ezibiza imali eninzi ngexesha lophendlo lweposi.

Imiphumo Yokungaphithi-zimvo

Ukungazi kwaloo mithetho yokucima umlilo akufane kwamkelwe njengesingxengxezo esivakalayo, yaye isohlwayo sinokuba siqatha.

Ityala elingokwasemthethweni nelemali

Oomasipala badla ngokukhupha ucaphulo lokwaphulwa kwemithetho yomlilo. Intembe inokuba ngumlinganiselo osusela kuma-100 ezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezincinane ezifana nebhetri engekhoyo yomsi ukuya kutsho kumashumi amawaka eerandi ukwenzela ukwaphulwa kolwaphulo-mthetho okuyingozi kubemi abaninzi. Kwiimeko apho umlilo onzulu ubangelwa kukungabi namali, abanini-mpahla bajongene nezityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho, kuquka nokubulala ngokuzenzekela.

Izicelo ze-inshorensi

Iinkqubo ze-inshorensi zasekhaya phantse zisoloko zifuna ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yomlilo esebenzayo. Ukuba umlilo uyenzeka kwaye uphando lutyhila ikhowudi engahambelaniyo . njengesitovu sokhuni esiqala umlilo okanye i alarm engalunganga engakhange ivakalise isandi.

Ukwanda Kwengozi Ebomini Nezinto

Mhlawumbi esona siphumo sibangela ukuba sicaphukise: amakhaya angengawo angenayo intsebenziswano asenokuba nomlilo okhokelela kumonakalo onzulu okanye ukufa. Intsimbi elahlekileyo okanye engasetyenziswayo yomsi, itshimini enganqandwanga, okanye ibala elikhulayo elivumela umlilo ovuthayo ukuba ufike ekhaya lakho lingenza isiganeko esingenakusinda sibe yintlekele. Ikhampasi ayikuthinteli intle entle, ngokukhusela abantu obakhathaleleyo.

Ukusebenza neSebe Lomlilo Lasekuhlaleni

Isebe lakho lomlilo alingombutho nje wokunyanzelisa; lingumthombo oxabisekileyo wemfundo nokhokelo.

Iinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo zoNyaka

Inkoliso yamasebe aqhuba amaphulo anyaka-nyaka .njenge NFPA’ iVeki yokuthintela Umlilo ngo-Oktobha . apho anikela uqeqesho lokhuseleko lwentsapho lwasimahla, uluhlu lokuhlola ekhaya, kwaye maxa wambi kwanofakelo lwesandi sentsimbi kwizindlu ezifumana imali ephantsi. Ukuba nenxaxheba kwezi nkqubo kukunceda uhlale uhleli ngoku ngotshintsho lomthetho kunye nezenzo ezingcono.

IiNkonzo zoHlahlo lokuCwangcisa

Ukuba uceba ulwandiso lwasekhaya, umgangatho omtsha, okanye ulungiso lwegumbi lekhitshi elikhulu, iibhuluya ezininzi zokuthintela umlilo zinika uhlolo lwangaphambili lolwakhiwo. Ukunikezela ngemizobo yakho yokwakha uhlolo lokuqala phambi kokuba ukwakhiwa kufumane imibandela yekhowudi, zikugcine kumawaka kwixabiso lokusebenza kwakhona.

IiKomiti zoKhuseleko lomlilo zabamelwane

Kwimimandla ekwimililo evutha umlilo, amasebe omlilo asekuhlaleni asoloko enceda iikomiti zomlilo omlilo onceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko odibeneyo. La maqela asebenza kunye ukwenza ulwaphuko lwepetroli, ukucwangcisa iintsuku zokuqhekeza inkunkuma yokhuni, kwaye asebenzise imali yokunikezela ngezixhobo zokulungisa izityalo zoluntu okanye zomlilo (umthombo: NFPA Firefic USA). Ukuba yinxalenye yekomiti enjalo kugcina ikhaya lakho lilungelelene nemimiselo yolawulo lwezityalo zasekuhlaleni.

Isiphelo

Imimiselo yomlilo yasekuhlaleni ayiyomfuneko nje yobulali, udala imo yekhaya ekhuseleke kakhulu kwintsapho yakho kunye noluntu lwakho. Ukhuseleko lomlilo alunanto inye esekelwe kwiprojekthi yexesha lokwenene, ingozi yokwenene, kunye nelahleko yokwenene. Ngokuyiqonda imithetho esebenza kwimpahla yakho ethile, ukulondoloza iinkqubo zokhuseleko, kwaye uhlale unxibelelane nesebe lomlilo lasekuhlaleni, wenza imo yekhaya ekhuselekileyo ngokuphawulekayo kuwe kunye noluntu lwakho. Ukhuseleko lomlilo asiyonto enye yexesha elikhoyo, ukuzimisela okuqhubekayo okunika inzuzo ngoxolo lwengqondo yakho, kwaye, okubaluleke kakhulu, kubomi bakho. Thatha inyathelo lokuqala namhlanje: hlola isebe lakho lomlilo Ù iiwebhsayithi zekhowudi ekhoyo, uvavanya ukhuthalo ngalunye lwemitshini kwakho, kwaye ucwangcise ucwangciso lokuzithandela ukuba awukhangeli omnye unyaka odlulile (ulawulo: [UFFF:]). [0]