Indima Yamajelo Oosomashishini Eluntwini

Amajelo eendaba yinkqubo yemithambo-luvo yedemokhrasi yale mihla. Idlulisela ulwazi, iingxoxo zezakhelo, imodemom, itshintshe imida yentetho eyamkelekileyo. Ukusuka kumatshini wokushicilela ukuya kwifowuni, ukuphumelela kobugcisa ngako konke kuphinde kwaziwa ngendlela abemi abamkela ngayo iindaba baze bazenze iingcinga. Namhlanje, i-media yendalo ibandakanya kungekuphela nje iiprojekthi eziqhelekileyo ezifana namaphephandaba, umabonwakude, unomathotholo, unomathotholo, kodwa kwakhona ii-plutec, iqonga, kunye nemithetho egobekileyo edityanisiweyo. Olu mahluko lungaphucula incoko yasekuhlaleni, kodwa lubangela imingeni emitsha: ukuxiweyo, ukuxinana kweminye iintsoko, ukusasa, ubuchule. Ukuqonda iindaba-ndaba zingumsebenzi wokuqala ekufuneni umthengi-mali.

Imisebenzi yamaMedi kwiDemocratic Society

Iindima eziqhelekileyo zesixhobo sokugcina ulwazi ziquka ukugada (ukuphatha amandla), ugcinelo lwesango (ukhetha ukuba yeyiphi imibandela), kunye nommiselo wesicwangciso (ukuqinisekisa oko abantu bacinga ngako). Ekuqheliseni, ezi ndima zidityaniswa. Umzekelo, xa uthungelwano olukhulu lwendaba lukhetha ukukhokelela ngemposiso yezopolitiko, lubonisa ukuba le mbambano ifanelwe yingqalelo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukushwankathela ngokuphindaphindiweyo imixholo ethile yemibathano ethile, ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho, impilo kawonke-----------wonke, izinto eziphambili eziphambili. Oku kubekwa kwezakhelo kuchazwe kakuhle kuphando lophando. 202020 Pew Research Center ifumanise ukuba 64% ye-US. Abantu abadala bathi iindaba zenkohliso zibangele “umsebenzi omkhulu wokudidelwanoba ngezibakalaniso zangoku, i-19105.

Amajelo eendaba asebenza njengeqonga kwintetho kawonke-wonke. Iileta kumhleli, amacandelo okugqabaza, iintetho zikanomathotholo, kunye nemisonto ye-media yencoko yababini ivumela abemi ukuba bathethe izimvo kunye nengxoxo. Noko ke, ezi ndawo zingaqweqwediswa ngemibhobho, iibhoti, okanye abadlali abavelayo abafuna ukulawula ingxelo. Ukusetyenziswa kwentelekelelo kuthetha ukuqaphela ukuba asizo zonke iintetho ezilinganayo, kwaye imigaqo yeqonga ingaguqula ingxoxo yokwenene.

Isiko . Media yamanani: Umhlaba ojikelezayo

Ukwehla kwamaphephandaba asekuhlaleni kunye nonyuko lwamanani achaza indlela abantu abafumana ngayo ulwazi. Ijenali yesithethe yakha yasebenza “kwimodeli yangasemva”: abahleli bagqiba oko kwakubalulekile, nabaphulaphuli bakudla ngokutsha. Amajelo eendaba athe “aqhubeka phambili”: abasebenzisi bayaphengulula, bayabelana, kwaye bagqabaza. Olu tshintsho luguqulele ulwahlulo lwendalo olunento eninzi, kwaye luye lwatshintsha indlela yokusebenza kwezixhobo. `nabani na onefowuni angasasaza ngayo ehlabathini] kodwa ingqukuva. Uphando olusuka kwiZiko lophando [ lubonisa ukuba abasebenzisi bathemba intlangano yeendaba iyahluka ngokubanzi ngokunxulumene nemicimbi, kunye nolwahlulo olukhulayo lwemijelo-mediosi. Abakhenke abasebenzi kufuneka balungele ukukhangela nokufumana ulwazi, uphando lwemeko lwemeko, noluvo oluphumayo lwengxelo yerekhodi.

Ukuqonda Impembelelo Yamajelo eendaba

Impembelelo yamajelo eendaba isebenza kumanqanaba amaninzi: ubuchule bokuqonda, impembelelo, kunye nendlela yokuziphatha. Ayisixeleli nje ukuba sicinge ntoni, kwaye isixelela oko simele sicinge ngako. Iingcamango ezine eziphambili ziluncedo ekuchazeni la mandla: ukuphotha, ukucwangcisa, ukuvelisa icebo, ukulima.

Ukubhala: Amandla Okunikela

Ukusebenzisa iframing kubhekisela kwindlela ulwazi olupakishwa ngayo luze lunikelwe. Ngokomzekelo, ukuqhankqalaza kunokuthi “kuyintlanganiso yokusesikweni” okanye“ ihlokondiba elaphula umthetho.” Zombini zichaza isiganeko esinye, kodwa isakhelo ngasinye sibangela intsabelo eyahlukileyo ngokweemvakalelo nengokokuziphatha. Iziqumrhu zixhomekeke kwilizwi, intetho, isandi, kunye nomongo. Isifundo esiqhelekileyo sika Iyengar (1991) sibonise ukuba ukuduba kwentshumayelo yobuhlwempu kumabonwakude njengengxaki yomntu ngamnye (edictionraming) v. ingxaki engokwentlaba (ukuqhamisa) i-mswana) ichaphazela noba ababukeli bagxeka amahlwempu okanye ukungalingani kwesixokelelwano. Abathengi bayazi ukuba kutheni? Ingqinwa ukuba kushiciswe ntoni?

Isalathisi soMsebenzi weNkqubo

Ingcamango ye-Agenda-seavement, eyamiselwa nguMcCombs noShaw kwiminyaka yee-1970, i-posits ukuba ukukhetha kwamabali amajelo eendaba kuchaphazela ukubaluleka kwemibandela. Ukuba eendaba zonke ziphumeza uthotho lwezikhalo zolwaphulo-mthetho, uluntu lubona ulwaphulo-mthetho njengenkxalabo ephambili, nokuba amanani abonisa ukuba iyaphelelwa. Ukubeka oku ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ijelo-mente liyilo oluthi jikelele imigaqo esithelekisa ngayo iinkokeli neziganeko. Umzekelo, ukuba amajelo-ndaba alawula izalathiso zezoqoqosho, uvoti abonakala ekulungele ukugweba umongameli ngezoqoqosho kunemithetho yamanye amazwe., kunye, imimiselo-umiselo kunye ne-primentime ibangela ukungxola ukuba amaqela ezobupolitika kunye ne-advocconga azama ukusebenzisa.

Uqikelelo: Iziphumo zexesha elide

Okokuqala yaveliswa nguGeorge Gerbner, ingcamango yokulima icebisa ukuba ababukeli abanzima bakamabonwakude baqonde ihlabathi ngeendlela ezibonisa ezona miyalezo ephindaphindwayo yezobugcisa. Kwiminyaka engamashumi eminyaka, uphando lunxulumanise ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-TV “kwehlabathi” kunye ne-syndrome"--"ukukholelwa okugqithisileyo kwingozi kunye nokungathembani. Namhlanje, iziphumo ezifanayo zibonwa kwizixhobo zentlalo-ntle, apho i-algorimetris zidla ngokuvela, okubi, okanye okungacazululiyo ngenxa yokuba iqhubisela idinga. Abazali nabafundisi kufuneka baqaphele ukuba ukuchachanabeka okude kwiminye yemicimbiso yezixhobo zekhompyutha kusenokuguqula imbono yomntu ngokuchukuno-mcimbi.

Umzekelo wehlabathi lokwenene: Ingxaki ye-Opioid

Usasazo lweendaba lobhubhani weOpioid lubonisa indlela ukwenziwa kwemiqathango yokusebenza kwendlela yokulungisa inkqubo. Ukunikela ingxelo yangaphambili kujoliswe kwisigwebo solwaphulo-mthetho /arts, ii-curesters zeziyobisi, ukugcinwa komda. Kamva, njengoko intatheli zazitshintshela kwisakhelo sobomi babantu (njengesifo, i-application, imfuno yonyango), imbono kawonke-wonke ishukumiseka ngayo ekuxhaseni ukuncitshiswa kwengozi kunye nokuxhaswa kwemali yemisebenzi yokukhotyo. Olu tshintsho lwalungazenzeki; lwalufuna ukuxhaswa, ugcino-lindisho oluzi lwe-ACPRICVE lusuka kwizinto zoluntu ezifana [[FLT:]] Reuters namaphephandaba asekuhlaleni asekuhlaleni.

Impembelelo Yemithombo Yezopolitiko

Amaqonga ee-web-web-lunior aye aba ngumthombo ophambili weendaba kubantu abaninzi, ingakumbi izizukulwana ezincinane. Ngokutsho kohlolisiso lwama-2023, malunga nama-30% abantu abadala base-U.S. bafumana rhoqo iindaba kuFacebook, kwaye ama-26% ku-YouTube. Abalungisi bezi migangatho `agorithmic, inkqubo yentsholongwane, ukubophela abantu abasebenzisa i-triproduce entsha kulwakhelo lukawonke-wonke-wonke.

Ulwandiso Lwemithetho Yomthetho kunye namaqampu esihluzi

Ii-algorithm zenzelwe ukwandisa ixesha elichithwa eqongeni, hayi ukunikela ulwazi olulungeleleneyo. Zifunda kwindlela yokuziphatha yomsebenzisi: ukuba ubandakanyeka nolwaneliseko oluxhasa iimbono zakho zezobupolitika, uza kuyibona ngakumbi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kungadala iflombhu yokukhusela ulwazi oluseluxolweni olukhoyo , lungakhuthazi iinkolelo ezichaseneyo. Uphando ku-Eli Pariser (20) lulumkisa ukuba amasuntswana akhusela iintsontela anokulwahlula uluntu, enza ulalane , ngokunjalo, amagumbi esandi akwindawo apho angafuni magama akhutshwayo okanye agxekwayo. Abaxhasi abacekisi abachasanayo baphuma ngenkamvo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne-operator ezikhoyo iimbono ezininzi, kwaye balandele iintatheli ezinqamlene abo bangathanga abantu.

Inkcazelo Ephosakeleyo Nenkcazelo Engachananga

I-Misprogion ixoka okanye ayilunganga inkcazelo eyabelweneyo ngaphandle kwenjongo eyingozi; inkcazelo ixokisa ngabom kwaye isasaza ukuba ikhohlise. I-media yoluntu ikhawulezisa zombini. I-COVID-19 yezonyango ibiza i-COVID-19 njengocelomngeni olukhulu. Iprojekthi yobuxoki ngemiqhazelo, unyango, kunye namanyathelo empilo kawonke-wonke asasazeke ngokukhawuleza kunezolungiso. Iingxelo zentengiso ziphendule ngezibaleko zenyani, ulwahlulo lomlinganiselo, kunye notshintsho lwe-algorithm, kodwa unyanzelo luhlala lungalinganiyo. [[FTLT:0] Iprojected News [[#:1] iprojective] inikeza ulawulo lokwazi ukuchaza iimpazamo, njengemifanekiso exoxiweyo, iingxelo zentente, kunye nengcali zobukiso zobuqhoso. Abathelisi abakhafumstiki phambi kokwa, ukuqinisekisa imvelaphi, kunye nokuhlola kokuqala, kunye nokukhangela okunekwa.

Izithethe Eziphembelelayo Nolwalamano Olusenyongweni

Abaxhasi benginginya-lwazi----etheminoloji abanobuchule bokulandela imigaqo emikhulu . Ngokufuthi abathathi-nxaxheba bayakwazi ukutshintsha indlela yokuzonwabisa neyobundaba. Abalandeli bahlakulela ulwalamano lwentlalo-ntle (uqhagamshelwano olusuka kwenye ngokweemvakalelo) kunye nabaphembeleli, bebenza babe nobulula ngakumbi ekuyiseleni. Umxhasi wobuhle okhuthaza umntu wezobupolitika, onamandla asasaza amathandazothe, okanye umcuphi odlalayo othetha ngemozulu etshintshayo.

Ubuchule bokusebenzisa imithombo yezixhobo zekhompyutha ezichaphazelekayo

Ukuvelisa ubuchule bokusebenzisa amajelo eendaba obugxekayo kubalulekile ukuze kuhambele kwindawo ekungqonge kuyo inkcazelo yale mihla.

Imithombo Ekhupha Izinambuzane: Uvavanyo lweCRAAP

Uvavanyo lweCRAAP (Ingxelo, iRelevance, iGunya, Injongo) luyindlela yokulungelelanisa uhlalutyo lolwazi. Kwimvelaphi nganye, buza: Luphi olu xwebhu? Ingaba lunxulumene nemfuno yakho? Ngubani opapashiweyo? Ingaba yingcaphephe? Ingaba ulwazi luxhaswa bubungqina? Yintoni injongo `ukuchaza, ukurhweba, okanye ukuthoba? Ukusebenzisa olu vavanyo kuwo onke amanqaku, ividiyo, okanye iposi kudala umkhwa wokuthandabuza okuthandabuza. Oothisha bangawubonisa lo mkhwa ngokuqwalasela kunye ibali leendaba, ngokuqaqamba iiflegi ezifana nababhali-mastis, ukuswe kobuphicola intetho, okanye ukuvazwa kolwimi.

Ubugcisa bokuhlola nokuqinisekisa

Kwanabafundi abanonopheli bangaqhathwa. Inyaniso- ingubuchule bokwenza uphando olubuyela emva. Sebenzisa uphengululo lomfanekiso (Imifanekiso yeGogle, i-Tineye) ukuqinisekisa iifoto. Khangela iziphumo ngokuchasene nemeko- zikhangelo olunesiqinisekiso olufana [[FLT: 0]] PolitiFOct[, , [[FLT]] Snopens []] [iiiiindlela ezithe tyekileyo, okanye Inyaniso epheleleyo . Jonga uchazo lokuqala, hayi nje izihloko okanye iindibaniso zogcino ezininzi. Crowarever- readers. Ncessongs ses zooks symover, dantified, synds syndromes.

Ukuqondwa kweBhayis: Inkcubeko yobuqu neyombutho

UBias akakho mbi ngokwayo; wonke umntu unobukhethe. Ingxaki yingxaki engavunywanga egqwethayo ukuthantamisa. Ucalucalulo lwamaMedia lungabonakala njengokhetho (lokuba lugqunywe ngamacala angaphambili, ukubeka ikhethe (iphepha lamaphepha agqunyweyo), ukubeka ikhethelo (ulwimi kunye nemifanekiso), kwaye ukushicilele ucalucalulo (oko kushiwe yintoni eshiywe ngaphandle). Izixhobo ezifana ne AllsSides (okokuba kumgangatho ophakathi wendlela esekhohlo) kunye ne-Media Bias/Fact Likets imbono yoncedo lwabathengi. Noko ke, akukho mlinganiselo ugqibekileyo uhlola ucalucalulo lwabo qhaphulo ? Bafuna ukukholelwa? Ingaba banika ubungqina obuninzi bobungqina obungqinelayo ngaphambi koko?

Ukubandakanyeka Kwiimbono Ezingafaniyo

Ukufuna iimbono ezicelw'ucelomngeni kuxanduva lwakho kodwa lunomvuzo. Akuthethi ukuba ukwamkela zonke iimbono ngokulinganayo; kuthetha ukuqonda iimpikiswano ezingcono kumacala aphikisanayo ngaphambi kokuba benze umgwebo. Ootitshala banokukwenza kube lula oku ngokunika iingcinga ezininzi kwimbono eninzi kulo mbandela mnye, kwangoko bekhokela ingxubusho ethetha apho izibakala ziphiwa khona kwaye apho amaxabiso ahlengahlenga khona. Bakhuthaza abafundi ukuba balandele iingcupheshe nabahlalutyi abaphikisanayo (ngemida engokokuziphatha) ukuze baqinise intloko.

Amaqhinga Abafundisi

Ootitshala nabasebenzi bomzi wezincwadi baphambili kwimfundo yokufunda nokubhala kumajelo eendaba. Ukuguqula obu buchule kwizifundo zezifundo zeli thuba, hayi nje izifundo zentlalo-ntle kuphela.

Uhlaziyo

Imfundo yezondaba ayifanele ibe yi-stalaone unit; kufuneka idityaniswe kwinzululwazi (izinto ezithe zathethwa ngokugonywa, ukutshintsha kwemozulu), uncwadi (injongo yombhali kunye nocalucalulo), izibalo (ukuchaza amanani kwimizobo yeendaba), nempilo (ukuqonda izibhengezo kunye nokuphembelela). Umzekelo, iklasi yenzululwazi iyakwazi ukuhlolisisa indlela i-webhsayithi edumileyo echaza ngayo uhlolisiso olutsha, ithelekisa inqaku lokuqala lolindixesha. Udidi lwembali lunokuthelekisa iziganeko zeziganeko zexesha elidluleyo kunye neengxelo zale mihla ukuze ibone indlela ukuphendula okuye kutshintsha ngayo ixesha.

Imisebenzi Nezabelo Zeklasi

Imisebenzi yezandla ikha ubuchule obuhlala buhleli. Cinga:

  • uphicotho-zincwadi lwemvelaphi: Abafundi bakhangela lonke uqhagamshelwano lweendaba abalunqakrazayo ngemini, bacebise imvelaphi, kwaye bahlalutye iimbono ezahlukeneyo.
  • Umthambo wokufaka iliso : Ukwenza abafundi abakwimixholo emibini eyahlukeneyo okanye iindaba kukhokelela ekuchazeni isiganeko esifanayo (umz., “Uvavanyo Luguqula Ugonyamelo” vs. “Police Clash kunye nabaBoniseli”) kwaye xubushani ngokhetho lokufakela.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ucelomngeni lwe Fact-sethi- Uvavanyo: Besebenzisa uluhlu lwengxelo zentsholongwane, abafundi baqinisekisa ngamnye usebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-CRAAP kwaye baxele oko kufunyanisiweyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Isikhokelo sokugada: Ngexesha lengxoxo yezobupolitika okanye iziganeko zeendaba, banabafundi inqaku elixutyushwayo ixesha elide nelingahoywayo.

Ukutshintshatshintsha Kwabazali Noluntu

Imfundo yobugcisa yokufunda nokubhala iyasebenza kakhulu xa igxininiswa ekhaya. Izikolo zingangenisa iindawo zokusebenzela abazali ekuqondeni iimpazamo, ekumiseleni imida yexesha lekhusi, kunye nokusebenzisa izinto ezibukhali. Iphepha lethala leencwadi lesikolo elineelwimi ezininzi, iphepha lezibalathisi elinoluvo lwenyaniso, kunye “nomzuzu wemedia" ngeveki yonke encedayo ukwakha impucuko yoluntu ebanzi yokucinga okunenkcaso. Ingeniso engasetyenziswayo [[FLT:] IMedia Lindicanding Now inikezela ngoovimba wezomthetho wokuphumeza inkqubo yomgangatho wezwe.

Ukuvavanywa nokubukelwa

Ubuchule bokufunda imithombo-ndaba budlulela ngaphaya kovavanyo lwezigqibo ezininzi. IPortfolios, apho abafundi beqokelela imizekelo yamajelo eendaba abaye baqwalasela ngapha nangapha kwe-semester, ibonisa ukukhula. Izincoko zokuzichaza zicela abafundi ukuba bachaze indlela iimbono zabo ezitshintshileyo emva kokufuna imbono echaseneyo. Kwakhona abafundisi- ntsapho bayakwazi ukuphengulula ingxubusho ekhuthazayo: ngexesha lengxubusho, bacele abafundi ukuba bakhankanye ubungqina baze bavavanye ukuthembeka kwemithombo ngokwayo.

Isiphelo

Impembelelo yamajelo eendaba kwiimbono zikawonke-wonke ayiyonto ingaqondakaliyo okanye ayinakukwaziwa. Ngokuqonda iindlela zokuyila, zokumisela, zokumisela, kunye nezokusebenzisa ubuchule obufana novavanyo lwemvelaphi, ukukhangela inyani, kunye nokuqonda ikhethe, abantu bangakhulula iziko leenkolelo zabo. Oothisha banendima engundoqo kule nkqubo: kungekhona ngokuxelela abafundi oko bamele bakucinge, kodwa ngokubafundisa indlela yokucinga ngokunzulu ngolwazi olungquzula imizobo yabo. Ubuchule obufanelekileyo, bokungakholelwa, nokungakholelwa kwimi yabemi abavulekileyo buyiyo ekukhuseleni ukurhwetyelelwa nokusekelwe kwedemokhrasi ephilileyo.