Iindlebe zolawulo luyinkqubo esisiseko kulawulo lwasekuhlaleni, esebenza njengendawo yokuqala apho kuncitshiswa khona, kuvavanywa, kulinganiswa, yaye ekugqibeleni kumiwa khona. Ezi zimvo zinikela inkqubo elungelelanisiweyo, ye-quasi-judia apho abanini-mpahla, abaphuhlisi, abamelwane, namagosa karhulumente anikela ubungqina neempikiswano malunga nokusetyenziswa komhlaba. Kukude ekubeni kube ziinkqubo zokulawula, ukuva okunempembelelo ngqo kwisantya nemigaqo yolwandolo, ukhuseleko lwamalungelo empatho, kunye nomthetho wokulungelela imicimbi yempahla. Ukuqonda impembelelo yawo kuyimfuneko kuye nabani na obandakanye nemeko yelizwe, ukulungiselela idolophu, okanye urhulumente wasekuhlaleni.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezigqibo zolawulo kunye nezigqibo ezisemthethweni kuchaphazela yonke into ukusuka ekuvunyweni kwendlu entsha ehlala kuyo ukuya ekuphikisweni kwento efunwayo yorhwebo. Oku kuvakala kusebenza njengovavanyo lobuchule bokulawula, kuqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zenziwe ngokusekelwe kwingxelo kunokukhetha okungekho semthethweni. Kumazwe amaninzi, ukuva kukuphela kwethuba lokuba abantu balawule ukuba baphembelele ilizwe ekusetyenzisweni kwalo ngokusesikweni ngaphambi kokuba libe ligqibe. Njengoko, uphawu, ubulungisa, kunye nokuphumelela kokuva oku kunezi ziphumo ezithe ngqo zezo zinto kubangela ukuba kubekho iimpawu zoluntu, inkqubela-nkqubela yezoqoqosho, kunye nokulondolozwa kwemekobume.

Ukuqonda Iindlebe Zegosa

Iindlebe zolawulo zikukuchophela okusemthethweni okuqhutywa ziibhodi zikarhulumente, iikhomishini, okanye amagosa okuva. Ahlukile kumatyala owiso-mthetho (njengeentlanganiso zebhunga lesixeko) kunye neenkundla zomthetho (ezifana neenkundla zenkundla). Endaweni yoko, ahlala kummandla ophakathi: asebenzisa imithetho ekhoyo kunye nemimiselo kwiizicelo ezithile, kodwa kwakhona avumela ukuba kufunyanwe ngendlela ecacileyo kunye nezinto ezichanekileyo. Amaqumrhu abonisa ukuva aquka iibhodi ezimiselweyo zokufaka isibongozo, iikomishini, iibhodi zokulungisa, kunye neekomishini zokulondoloza imbali.

Iindidi Zeendlebe Zolawulo Ezisetyenziswayo Ezweni

Iintlobo eziliqela eziqhelekileyo zolawulo ezithetha ngeenkalo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kweendawo nomhlaba:

  • [[FLT: 0] Ukuva okuguquguqukayo: Ezi zicinga ngezicelo zokuphambuka kwimfuno ezingqongqo zokubekwa kwemali ngenxa yobunzima obubodwa bempahla. Umzekelo, umninimzi angafuna uthintelo lolwakhiwo lolwakhiwo kulwandiso olunemilinganiso engaqhelekanga.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kolwazi oluvumela ukuva: Ezi zindululo zovavanyo ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa okuvunyelwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile kuphela, njengesiziko lomsebenzi wemini kummandla ohlala abantu. Ukuva kumisela ukuba ukusetyenziswa okucetyiweyo kudibana na nemilinganiselo emiselwe kwisivumelwano somthetho.
  • [[NTL: 0] Izimangaliso zokulungisa uluvo: Ezi zibandakanya izicelo zokutshintsha imaphu yokuhlala okanye umbhalo womthetho, odla ngokuqalwa ngabanini-mpahla okanye abaphuhlisi. Inkqubo yokuva ivumela ungeniso lukawonke-wonke phambi kokuba iqumrhu lowiso-mthetho lenze isigqibo sokugqibela.
  • Ukuva okuqulethweyo: Ezi zigqibo zohlolo ezenziwe ngabalawuli abalawula indawo, abafana nokuvumela ukukhanyelwa okanye ukucaciswa kwekhowudi. Ibhodi ingaqinisekisa, iphinde iguqule, okanye iguqule isigqibo solawulo.

Igunya elingokwasemthethweni lala matyala lisuka kurhulumente obangela imimiselo, umgaqo-siseko wasekuhlaleni, okanye imithetho yokwabelana. Izimfuneko zenkqubo.

Indima Yeendlebe Zolawulo Kwizigqibo Zokwenza Izinto

Iindlebe zolawulo zisisikhuseli apho iinkqubo zolawulo zidibana khona nezicelo zelizwe lokwenene. Ngelixesha imithetho yokubekwa kwelizwe imisela imithetho jikelele, iindlebe zinika umcimbi-ngesiqu sovavanyo lwendlela loo mithetho esebenza ngayo kwimisebenzi ethile. Oku kuguquka kuko kubini kukomelela nokuvela kwentsonkothe.

Ukuphelisa Ulwahlukano Neenzima

Omnye wemisebenzi eqhelekileyo yokuchongwa kolawulo kukugqiba izicelo eziphikisanayo. Umfaki-sicelo makabonise ubunzima obungeyomfuneko (ukutolikwa ngokungqongqo kwekhowudi) okanye ubunzima obusebenzisekayo, kuxhomekeke kulawulo. Ngexesha lokuva, ibhodi ihlola ubungqina obufana neemaphu, iifoto, kunye nobungqina obunobuchule. Isigqibo sisoloko sixhomekeke ekubeni ubunzima buzidalwe ngokwaso okanye busemgangathweni. Umzekelo, ukuva kunganika isiphazamiso sangaphambili sendlu esimxinwa kakhulu ngenxa yento enkulu encinane kakhulu eyenzeka kuvavanyo oluncinane lweplat, kodwa sikhanyele omnye kumnini wekhaya ofuna umgangatho omkhulu.

Ibhodi zilindeleke ukuba zisebenzise imilinganiselo ephikisanayo ngokuthe rhoqo, kodwa uphando lubonisa ukuba iziphumo zingahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeka kukwenziwa kwebhodi, kwimiqathango yezobupolitika yasekuhlaleni, kunye nobunjani bokulawula. Oku kungenxa yesizathu sokuba ukuvakala kolawulo kusoloko kugxekwa ngokungaxelwa kwangaphambili. Kodwa ke, badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunikezeleni isiqabu kwimimiselo engqongqo enokuthi ngapha koko ithintele ukusetyenziswa komhlaba ngendlela esengqiqweni.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemvume nemeko yenxuwa

Enye indawo enzima kukusetyenziswa kwemiqathango yemvume (CUPs), apho ukuva kumisela ukuba kusetyenziswe kusini na (njengesitishi segesi, icawa, okanye isibambi-mandla somandlalo) ukusebenza kwindawo apho ingavunyelwanga ngasekunene. Inkqubo yokuva ivumela ibhodi ukuba inciphise iimeko ezinokubakho, ezifana nokuxinana kwezithuthi, ingxolo, okanye ukukhanya. Umzekelo, ukuva kwijelo elitsha eliluncedo kungaphumela kwiimeko ezilinganisela iiyure zokusebenza, ezifuna isigcini-mhlaba, okanye ukwandisa uphawu lwendlela.

Ulawulo lunika ijelo lokuthetha elineenkcukacha phakathi komfaki-sicelo, abacebisi, kunye nabamelwane. Isiphumo semvume sibonakalisa ulalaniso olulungiselweyo olusenokuba alunakwenzeka ngesenzo sowiso-mthetho. Noko ke, ukuva kukwaneengozi eziphenjelelwa yinkcaso yelizwi, enokuthi ikhokelele kwiimeko ezingqongqo kakhulu okanye ezide zide zizimele. Ukulungelelanisa izilangazelelo zabo bonke amaqela ngumsebenzi ocekekayo ofuna amagosa angoonobuchule bokuva kunye nemigaqo ecacileyo ecacileyo.

IMithetho eGqityiweyo kunye noHlahlo lweQumrhu

Ngoxa ulungiso lweendawo luyimisebenzi yowiso-mthetho evotelwa ngamagosa anyuliweyo, amagunya amaninzi afuna ukuchongwa phambi kolawulo phambi kwekomishini yokulungiselela ukuqokelela ubungqina nokucebisa. Oku kuphulaphula kuvumela ukuhlolisiswa ngokucokisekileyo kokulungisa kunye nesicwangciso esibanzi, impembelelo yayo kwizibonelelo, nokuhambelana kwayo nomhlaba ongqongileyo. Ukunconyelwa komsebenzi wocwangciso kuphakamisa ubunzima obuphawulekayo, kwaye ukuba kuyangqubana nesigqibo sokugqibela sebhunga lesixeko, ukubuyiselwa komcimbiso kusenokuba sengozini yokucetyiswa ngokusemthethweni.

Ukuva kolawulo kusebenza njengovavanyo olubalulekileyo kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Bafaka ubuchule bobugcisa kunye negalelo loluntu kwizigqibo ezinokuthi ngapha koko kuqhutywe zizinto zezobupolitika. Umzekelo, ukubuyiselwa kwesebe lokuhlala nokusebenzisa urhwebo kunganconyelwa ukukhanyelwa yikomishini yokucwangcisa emva kokuba ukuva kutyhile ubuchule obunganelanga bendlela. /a ingcebiso lokuba ibhunga liza kuba nzima ukucinezelwa. Ngokutsho kwe U.S. Isebe le Howar noPhuhliso lwe-RD[FLT], ukuva okusebenzayo kungayiphucula ubunjani bemeko yokusebenzisa umhlaba ngokuqinisekisa ukuba iimbono zobugcisa neengingqinipho zasekuhlaleni ziyaqwalaselwa.

Inkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba kukawonke-wonke

Ukusebenza kwezindlebe zolawulo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kuyilo lwazo. Ukuva okunesantya kubandakanya iimfuno ezicacileyo zesaziso, ukunikezelwa kobungqina obucwangcisiweyo, kunye nequmrhu elingakhethiyo lokwenza izigqibo. Iinkqubo ezininzi zilandela la manyathelo:

  1. Isaziso siquka umhla, ixesha, indawo, kunye nesishwankathelo sesicelo.
  2. Ingxelo ye- Ingxelo yovumo:[ Ucwangciso okanye indawo yesebe ilungiselela ingxelo yokuhlalutya umsebenzi ngokuchasene nemigangatho esebenzayo, ngokufuthi ngengcebiso yokuvunywa, ukuvunywa kweemeko okanye ukukhanyelwa.
  3. Ibhodi ivula ukuchongwa, ithatha ubungqina obuyisiqinisekiso kumntu ocelayo kunye neengcaphephe, ize ivule umgangatho kumagqabaza kawonke-wonke. Ezinye izithuba zinemida yexesha kwisithethi ngasinye.
  4. [[UMTL: 0] Uphinda-phindo: Emva kokuvala ukuchonga, ibhodi ixubusha ngobungqina, ibuza imibuzo yabasebenzi, kwaye yenza intshukumo. Ivoti iyashicilelwa.
  5. Isigqibo sebhodi sikhupha isigqibo esibhaliweyo esineziphumo zenyaniso nezigqibo. Esi sigqibo singabhenela kwiqumrhu eliphezulu okanye kwinkundla.

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kukawonke-wonke kusimbombo sokuchophela amatyala olawulo. Abahlali badla ngokuya kwinkxaso okanye kwinkcaso, kwaye amagqabaza abo angawaguqula amalungu ebhodi. Noko ke, uphando lubonisa ukuba ungeno lukawonke-wonke lusoloko lulawulwa ngabamelwane abakufuphi abasoloko bechasa ukutshintsha, nto leyo ekhokelela kwisiganeko esaziwa ngokuba yi-NIMBYism (hayi Kum Nngasemva Yard). Le misebenzi inamandla iyakwazi ukukhupha izigqibo ezizizizo ezikhoyo kude neengenelo ezibanzi zequluvo. Ukuchasa oku, ezinye imigaqo ngoku zinikela iindlela ezininzi zokuthabatha inxaxheba, kuquka iintetho ezibhaliweyo, iinkcuthulelo ze-elektroniki, kunye nokuva. I-Institutitute kaRhulumente yoluntu ipapashe izikhokelo zoluntu [FL:1]

Iingenelo Nocelomngeni Lokuva

Iingenelo

Iindlebe zolawulo zinikezela ngefomati ecwangcisiweyo yeenkcukacha, uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lwezindululo zomsebenzi womhlaba. Zikhuthaza ukuba kubonakale imbonakalo ngokubeka inkqubo yokwenza izigqibo kwirekhodi, ukuvumela uluntu lubone ubungqina kunye nokuqiqa emva kwesigqibo ngasinye. Ukuphendula kukhuliswa kuba amalungu ebhodi asoloko emiselwa kwaye ephantsi kohlalutyo lukawonke-wonke. Iindlebe zikhuthaza ukuthathiswa koluntu, ukunika ilizwi kubantu abanokukhutshwa ngaphandle kwemigaqo yocwangciso.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuva kuvumela ukuba kube bhetyebhetye. Ikhowudi yendawo ebekwe kwindawo ethile ayinakuyilindela yonke imeko engaqhelekanga, kwaye ukuva kunika inkqubo yokunikela isiqabu okanye ukunyanzelisa iimeko ezibonisa iimeko zendawo. Oku kuqhekeka kubalulekile ekulawuleni idolophu entsonkothileyo, idolophu, nasemaphandleni. Xa kuqhutywa kakuhle, ukuva kusenokunciphisa ukucaphuka ngokubonisa ukuba inkqubo ilungile kwaye icokisekile, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kumaqela anganeliseki ukubhukuqa izigqibo ezintyala.

Iingxaki

Ngaphandle kwala mandla, ukuva okulawula kujongene nokugxekwa okubalulekileyo. Enye imbambano enkulu kukungavumelani okunokwenzeka: amalungu ebhodi angaphenjelelwa luqhagamshelwano lwezopolitiko, ulwalamano lobuqu, okanye imbali yokuxhasa abaphuhlisi abathile okanye imimandla eqeshiweyo. Nangona imikhosi emininzi inengquzulwano-nemithetho ephazamisanayo, ukunyanzelisa inyathelo lokusebenza. Olu celomngeni lungakulibaziseka. Inkqubo yokuva inganwebeka iinyanga ezininzi, ingakumbi ukuba izicelo ziyaqhubeka okanye ukuba iindlebe ezininzi ziyafuneka. Oku kuzilibazisa kwaye kongeza iindleko, ingakumbi kwimisebenzi yemidanganiso encinane apho imidanganiso ibhityile.

Iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zinokubasoyikisa abemi abaqhelekileyo. Ukufunda ikhowudi yokuhlala, ukulungiselela imiboniso, nokuthetha impikiswano engokwasemthethweni kufuna ubuchule abantu abaninzi ababusweleyo. Ngenxa yoko, abo bachaphazeleka kakhulu sisigqibo ``njengeziqendu eziphantsi zemali-ehlawulwayo/ezingenakuba nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo. Okokugqibela, ukungaguquguquki kwezigqibo zokuphulaphula kunye nokungaqiniseki okulandelayo. Ukungaqiniseki okunikwa kwesinye isitrato kungakhatywa isiqobo ngenxa yezizathu ezingacaciswe kakuhle. Oku kunciphisa ukufaneleka okufunekayo ekuthengisweni kwempahla notyalo-mali.

Impembelelo kuphuhliso loLuntu

Isiphumo sokwanda kokuva okulawulayo kwinkqubela-phambili yoluntu sinzulu. Ezi zigqibo zibumba ibala elibonakalayo lengingqi: apho izindlu zakhiwe khona, apho amashishini anokusebenza khona, nalapho iipaki okanye iindawo zokupaka iimoto zihamba khona. Kumaqela abantu asebenzisa iindlebe ngokunempumelelo, inkqubo iyakwazi ukukhokela ulwando oluzinzileyo, ukugcina imimandla yembali, ukukhusela ubuncwane bemekobume, nokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubela entsha ihlawula ngokufanelekileyo ingeniso yayo kwisiseko sezakhiwo.

Noko ke, ukuva kusenokusetyenziswa ukukhupha okanye ukulibazisa utshintsho. Umzekelo, iqela elilungelelanisiweyo kakhulu labaninimakhaya lingasebenzisa inkqubo yokuva ukuvala ukuphuhlisa kweentsapho ezininzi eziza kuzisa indlu engakwaziyo, ukucaphula inkxalabo yeenqwelo-moya okanye yokumisa izithuba. Ngoxa ukuva kucingelwa ukuba kukuvavanywa kobundindindi, inyaniso kukuba inkcaso yelizwi isoloko ithwala ubunzima obungalinganiyo. Oku kukhokelela ekufuneni utshintsho, njengokususa indlu enye yendlu ehlala kuyo okanye ukulinganisela umlinganiselo wolwazi lwendlela yophuhliso oluthile. Umthetho, i-Egraption & imekobume yoMthetho[FLD [FLD:1] ihlole indlela yokuqhuba iprojectivesssssss ikhuselwe ngayo ukukhusela ipropatinti.

Enye intsingiselo ekhoyo kukusetyenziswa kwe-meva yenyani, eyathi yasasazeka ngexesha lesifo se-COVOID-19. Ulawulo oluninzi luye lwagcina iindlela zokuthatha inxaxheba ekude, luphikisa ukuba lunyusa ukufumaneka. Noko ke, abagxeki baphawula ukuba ukuvakala kwenyani kungayinciphisa ingqiqo yokudityaniswa kwebutho labantu kwaye kunokwenza kube nzima ngamalungu ebhodi ukufunda i-openbal cules. Ukulungelelanisa ubuchule kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba kuhlala kulucelomngeni oluqhubekayo.

Isiphelo

Iindlebe zolawulo azingomqobo nje owenzelwe ukuva, nokulungisa imiqobo; ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa komhlaba elawula indlela izigqibo ezikwenziwa ngayo, nendlela eziphuhliswa ngayo abantu. Ngokulungiselela ukubonelela, ukunikela iprojekthi yokuhlola, iimvume, iimvume zemibandela, kunye nokulungisa iimeko, ezi ndlebe ziqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zisekelwe kubungqina nakwigalelo likawonke-wonke kunokuba zifakwe kwigalelo lolawulo. Kungcono kwazo, zikhuthaza ukukhuselwa, zikhusela amalungelo empahla, zize zilondoloze iimpawu zoluntu. Kwiingxaki zazo ezimbi, zinokusetyenziswa ngezilangazelelo ezikhethekileyo, ukulibazisela, ukumiswa okufunekayo, kwaye zenze iziphumo eziphazamisayo.

Kubafundisi-mfundo, abacebi, namagosa asekuhlaleni, ukuqonda impembelelo yokuva okuselubalaleni kubalulekile ekuyileni iinkqubo ezingcono /iinkqubo ezilungelelanisa ubulungisa, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokungabi nakusebenza. Njengoko iingxaki zokusetyenziswa komhlaba ziba ntsonkothile, ukusuka ekutshintsheni kwemozulu ukuya ekufumaneni imali, ukuvakala kolawulo kuzakuqhubeka kusenza indima epheleleyo ekulungiseni imekobume eyakhekileyo. Ngokulungisa, ukukhuthaza uqeqesho lwamalungu ebhodi, kunye nokusebenzisa ubugcisa, ingingqi yenze injini esebenzayo yokulawula ukuva okufanelekileyo nokuqhubekayo.