Indima Yemida Yezikolo Kubomi Boluntu

Imida yesithili sesikolo yenza okungaphezulu kakhulu kunokugqiba ukuba sisiphi isikolo umntwana afunda kuso. Basebenza njengemigca engabonakaliyo ebumba ukunxibelelana imihla ngemihla, ichaza intsingiselo yoluntu, kunye nempembelelo kwinkqubela-phambili yexesha elide yoluntu. Xa imida ibonisa imbonakalo yendalo yengingqi, banokuqinisa amaqhina oluntu abangela ukuba abantu banyamezele. Xa bede bengenankathalo okanye beqikelelwa ukuba baphelelwe lixesha, banokuchasana, ukungalingani okunzulu, kwaye banciphise imvakalelo yokubakho okubalulekileyo kubomi boluntu. Ukuqonda le midlalo ibaluleke ngakumbi njengeebhodi zesikolo, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni, kunye neentsapho ezidibene imibuzo yokunga, ukulingana koovimba, nokudityano.

Ikohesion (ukuthembana koluntu, imilinganiselo eyabelanayo, kunye nenkxaso edibanisa ungingqi kunye, ayenzeki ngengozi. Yakhiwa ngokusoloko kunxulunyaniswa nezikolo, iipaki, iithala leencwadi, kunye neziganeko zasekuhlaleni. Ngenxa yokuba izikolo zisoloko zingowona maziko abonakalayo kuluntu, imida echaza ukuba ziphelelwe ngamandla okumanyanisa okanye ukwahlula abahlala kulo. Eli nqaku lihlola indlela edalwe ngayo, indlela ezichaphazela ngayo ukudibana kunye nokulunga okanye okubi, kwaye oko kunokwenziwa ngabantu ukuqinisekisa ukuba imigca yesithili isebenza kakuhle.

Indlela Izalathiso ZeSikolo Ezitsalelwa Ngayo

Inkqubo yokuzoba imida yesithili sesikolo iyahluka ngokwendawo, kodwa kusetyenziswa izinto eziliqela eziqhelekileyo. Iimpawu ze-Gographic ezifana nemilambo, iindlela zohola wendlela zidla ngokwahlula imigca yendalo. Ukuxinana kwabemi kunye nezikhombisi ezisunguliweyo zenombolo zokunika izikolo ezintsha okanye ezingaphantsi. Imida yorhulumente wasekuhlaleni, kuquka imida yesixeko nemimandla yephondo, ngokufuthi ihlala kwimimandla yezolawulo.

Indima yeebhodi zeSikolo Nabasemagunyeni

Iibhodi zesikolo, iintlanganiso zephondo, okanye iikomiti ezimiselwe ngokukhethekileyo zomda zinegunya lokuzoba nokuhlaziya amacandelo athe akhuphisanayo. Kufuneka zilungelelanisa izinto eziza kuqala: ukugcina izikolo eziselumelwaneni zifikeleleka, zigcine ukubhalisa okuzinzileyo, ziphephe ukugqeba, kwaye zihambelane nemithetho ekhutshiweyo. Ukuchotshelwa kwasekuhlaleni kunye neentlanganiso zolwazi olungeyongenelo loluntu kuyinxalenye yenkqubo, kodwa ezi ntlanganiso zidla ngokutsalela ingqalelo engakumbi kwiintsapho ezisoyika ukuphulukana nesikolo esiphezulu sokuqhuba imfundo kunezo zikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-equmrhu.

Imbali Nemeko

Umzobo odityanisiweyo unembali eninzi eUnited States. Emva kweNkundla ePhakamileyo Brown v. Ibhodi yemfundo yesigqibo ngo 1954, isithili ezininzi zasebenzisa ulawulo lwemida ukulwa nomanyano. Imigca yenzelwe ngabom ukugcina amaqela eentlanga ahlukeneyo, uqheliso oluqhubekeka kwiintlobo ezifihlakeleyo namhlanje. Nangaphandle kwenjongo ecacileyo yenkugqibela, imida ingaqhubela phambili ngokulandela iipakethi zezindlu ezingoko okubunjwa yi-redlin kunye ne-enotaryting. Imida yesikolo sokuzikolo. I-Gerrymanmanings inqanam yemida yokususa imida yeendawo ezithile. Ithetha ngophakatho lwakutshanje kumazwe amaninzi. [FLT.FFFTB][3]

Ubalo lomgangatho kunye nobuchule

Izithili zesikolo ziphinda zivule imida ngenxa yokutshintshana kwamanani abantu. Ihlomela-dolophu elikhulayo lisenokufuna ukuvulwa kwesikolo esitsha semfundo yokuqala, kufuna utshintsho lwemimandla ekhoyo. Isithili sasedolophini esineendawo ezithe shwaka zokubhalisa sisenokuvala izakhiwo zize ziqinise iindawo zokuya kuzo. Kwimeko nganye, iintsapho ezichaphazelekayo zinokuphazamiseka. Iintsapho zisenokususwa kwisikolo esiqhelene neso zingaqhekekanga, ziqhawule unxulumano lwasekuhlaleni olwathatha iminyaka ukulwa. Ixhala elibangelwa kukungathembana nokhokelo lwesikolo lingasakhathaze linciphe ukutshata.

Impembelelo Eninzi Kukuxhatshazwa Koluntu

Imbutho yoNyaka isekelwe kwimibutho emithathu: i-intanethi, imvakalelo yokuba ngumntu, nokuba nenxaxheba kwezentlalo. Imida yesithili iphembelela zonke ezintathu. Xa abantwana behamba esikolweni esinye nabamelwane babo, abazali badibana kwipontsi nakwiveni, ootitshala baba nolwazi kwivenkile zasekuhlaleni, kwaye iziganeko zesikolo ziba ziimbutho zoluntu. Oku kudibana kwamihla le kwakha oko iingcali zezentlalo-ntle zikubiza ngokuthi kukhuthaza nokudibanisa ikomkhulu lentlalo.

Kodwa imida eyahlula ingingqi inokuba nemiphumo eyahlukileyo. Abantwana abasuka kwisitrato esinye basenokuya kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo, bahlule iintsapho baze banciphise amathuba okuba abantu abadala bafumane inkxalabo efanayo. Utata onyana wakhe uya kwesinye isikolo usenokungaze adibane nonina ontombi yakhe ifunda esinye, nangona ehlala yedwa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi zahlulo zinciphisa iinkqubo ezingacwangciswanga ezixhomekeke ekubelaneni, ekuxhaseni amashishini asekuhlaleni, nasekulungelelaniseni imicimbi yeqela.

Igalelo Elifanelekileyo Lokuzichaza Kwasekuhlaleni

Xa imigca yesithili yendalo ilungelelaniswa ngobuchule nemida yendalo, isithili sesikolo singaqinisa ikratshi loluntu. Isikolo sidla ngokuba yi-ankile yendawo yaso: imibala yaso, nezithethe zasekuhlaleni ziba yinxalenye yembonakalo yasekuhlaleni. Abazali abazibophelayo kwiiklasi zonyuselo, badlale imidlalo, bathabathe inxaxheba kwimibutho yezentengiso kunye nabantwana babo. Oku kwenza ukuba kubekho inkxalabo kunye nembopheleleko. Uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba imimandla ehlala kwimimandla yesikolo echazwe kakuhle ithambekileyo iqhele ukuba nemigangatho ephezulu yevoti ejini eqengqele kwibhodi yonyulo lwesikolo nokuzikhutha ekuxhaseni imilinganiselo yesakhiwo esitsha.

  • [[UMTL: 0] Umanyano lobungangamsha – imida egcina uluntu ludibene ikhuthaza ukudityaniswa kwengxaki, ukusuka kukhuseleko lwendlela emasangweni esikolo ukuya kumaziko ocwangciso lwasemva kwesikolo.
  • Ikratshi kunye nomoya wesikolo wakufutshane-okanye nowesikolo – ukwabelana nesikolo kungakhuthaza ukhuphiswano lobuhlobo kunye nesazisi esidibeneyo esinwenwela ngapha nangapha kweklasi.
  • Iinkqubo zomfundisi- ntsapho zabazali [[FLT: 1] – Impatho ithetha ukuba abazali bangaya ngokulula kwiziganeko, amatsha - ntliziyo ngexesha lesikolo, kwaye bakhe ulwalamano oluqhubekayo nabafundisi- ntsapho.

Imiphumo Emibi Ebangelwa Kukulingana Kwabantu

Kwicala elingalunganga, imida esoloko idibanisa abantu kwintlalo-ntle kunye nentlalo-ntle kunye nohlanga. Ummandla ofumileyo usenokuba nesikolo sawo esisisiseko esinezinto ezininzi, ngeli xesha indawo ephantsi efumaneka kuso ngaphaya kwendlela enkulu idityaniselwe isikolo esingapheliyo. Ucalulo olunjalo alukho ngengozi; lusoloko lubangelwa zisigqibo zembali ezibangela ubuhlwempu okanye iintsapho ezityebileyo kwimimandla ethile. Isitatishi seMelika yenkqubela phambili ibhale indlela ezi zinto zingqubana ngokweemeko zemali ngokwezigaba ngokweemeko zemithwalo yerhafuthelo phakathi kwesithili.

Iintsapho ezihlala kumda "ongalunganga" zingaziva zikhutshiwe kumathuba, imicimbi, kunye nee-webhsayithi zokunxibelelana ezikhoyo kubamelwane bazo. Oku kunokubangela ingqumbo, kunciphise ukuthembana kumaqumrhu kawonke-wonke, kwaye kudimaze ukuba nenxaxheba koluntu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, umda uba ngumqobo wengqondo kunye nowesithinteli-nkqubo, ugxininisa "us ngokuphikisana nabo" iingqondo eziphazamisa ingqiqo yoluntu olubanzi.

  • ulwahlulo lwentlalo nolobuhlanga – imida edibanisa iintsapho ezifumana kunye (okanye eziziikolo ezityebileyo) ukungalingani.
  • Umthombo wokwahlula – umahluko kwisiseko serhafu, ukubonelela ngabazali, kunye nemeko zophuhliso lwendawo yokufunda engalinganiyo.
  • Ukuzikisa kunye nokwahlukana [[[FT:1] – Iintsapho azikufuni ukufumana isikolo esinqwenelekayo zingahlulwa kuluntu olukhulu, zivakalelwa kukuba amazwi azo akabalulekile.

Ukudibana Kwemizi - mveliso Yezindlu Nemida Yezikolo

Enye yezona ndlela zinamandla zokubumba imida yesithili sesikolo elawula uluntu yimpembelelo yaso kumaxabiso ezindlu. Iqhalo elithi "indawo, indawo, indawo" lisoloko liguqulelwa "kwindawo ekuyo, izikolo, indawo." Abathengi basoloko behlawula intlawulo enkulu yamakhaya alungiselelwe izikolo eziphezulu. Oku kubangela ijelo elibalulekileyo: amaxabiso aphezulu empahla azisa ingeniso exabiso lerhafu yezo zikolo, ezithi ziphucule ngakumbi, zenze indawo inqweneleka kakhulu kwaye ibe nexabiso elikhulu.

Inkcazelo

Ngenxa yokuba ubunjani besikolo kunye nemida idityaniswe kakhulu namaxabiso asekhaya, urhwebo lwezindlu ngokwalo luba yinkqubo yokwahlula. Iiintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi, ngokufuthi iintsapho ezinemibala, zithengwa ngaphandle kwengingqi ezinezikolo eziphezulu. Olu khetho lwemali ngengeniso kwaye ugqatso luqiniswa qho xa imida idityaniswa kwakhona okanye izikolo ezintsha zakhiwe. [FLT: 0] Urban Institute [[ lubonisa ukuba nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemizi -, amacandelo akhoyo kwisikolo asoloko edala i-paramente engaphezulu kunezinto ezikhoyo kumgangatho wobume.

I-NIMBYSM kunye noyilo lwesikolo

Ukungavumi ukutshintsha kungumnye umphumo. Abanini-khaya abahlawula intlawulo yommandla othile wesikolo basoloko bechasa utshintsho olunokuchaphazela amaxabiso empahla. Le mvakalelo "hayi kwindlu yam yangasemva" (NIMBY) inokuthintela imigudu yokudibanisa izikolo okanye ukulungelelanisa. Iintlanganiso zoluntu malunga nohlengahlengiso olucetyo lwemida lungashushu, luze lubangele ukuba iintsapho ezityebileyo zimelane nabo bakwimimandla engaqeshwanga kakuhle. Iibhodi zesikolo kufuneka zilinganisele umnqweno wozinzo ngokuchasene nemfuneko yokusetyenziswa kwe-equity/a uxinzelo olunqabileyo.

Ukulungisa ucelomngeni: Inkqubo iyasondela kunye nezisombululo zehlabathi lokwenene

Ibone impembelelo enamandla yemida kumanyano loluntu, izithili ezininzi zizama iinkqubo ezicetywe ukunciphisa iziphumo ezingalunganga. Akukho sisombululo sinye sisebenzayo kumo ngamnye, kodwa iindlela eziliqela zibonise isithembiso.

Isikolo se-Magnet kunye neenkqubo ezikhethekileyo

Izikolo zeMagnet zinika iziphumo zemfundo zesikolo . ezifana nenzululwazi, ubugcisa, ubugcisa, okanye ukuntywiliselwa kolwimi. ngokunika abafundi inxalenye yesikolo esikufuphi nabo. Ngokunika iintsapho ezinye imigangatho yesikolo esiselumelwaneni, amagnet anganciphisa uxinzelelo kwimida ukuze asebenze njengekuphela komgangatho wesikolo. Xa zisetyenziswa kakuhle, zikwakhuthaza unxulumano lokuzithandela ngokutsala iintsapho ezahlukahlukeneyo zize zifumane umsebenzi wemfundo omnye. Noko ke, iimtsalane ziyakwazi ukukhupha i-ebate kwimisebenzi engekho mthethweni xa iziphumo zokuvuma ukusetyenziswa kweentsapho ezisele zisezingeni eliphezulu okanye ukuba iindleko zezithuthi zithintelwe.

Ukhetho Olulawulwayo Nelukhululekileyo Ukubhalisa

Isixokelelwano sokhetho esilawulwayo sivumela iintsapho ukuba zikhethe izikolo ezininzi kwisithili, zinezabelo ezilungiselelwe ukulungelelanisa ukubhalisa nokufumana iinjongo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Le mizekelo igcina imida ithambe kwaye inciphisa umahluko phakathi kwengingqi. ICambridge, iMassachusetts, nezinye isithili zisebenzise ukhetho olulawulayo ukugcina intlalo-ntle yezoqoqosho ngelinye ixesha zinika isebe. Imigaqo yokuvula imigaqo-nkqubo yokuya kubafundi ukuba baye kuso nasiphi na isikolo esikwisithili (okanye nakwezinye isithili) esikhoyo, iyakwazi ukwahlukana noqhagamshelwano phakathi kwedilesi kunye nesabelo sesikolo, kodwa basengozini yokushiya ezinye izikolo phantsi kwesebe kunye nezinye ezidibekiweyo.

Ukuhlahlela okudibeneyo

Ezinye iibhodi zesikolo ziphinda zisebenzise imida yokukhuthaza umanyano. Oku kunzima, njengokuba kusenokufuna ukushenxisa abantwana kwizikolo eziqhelekileyo ukuya kwezikude. Kodwa izithili ezifana neBerkeley, iKhalifoniya, neLouisville, Kentucky, zibonise ukuba ucwangciso oluthe qwa, ixesha elide lunganciphisa ulwahlulo lobuhlanga noqoqosho. Isitshixo sibandakanya uluntu kwangoko, ukunxibelelana ngokucacileyo, nokunika inkxaso njengenkqubo yezothutho kunye nezotshintsho.

Isifundo Setyala: Umzekelo Wephondo LaseWake

Wake County, umNtla Carolina, watsala ingqalelo yesizwe ngenxa yenkqubo yayo yokumisela kwakhona abafundi ukufikelela ulungelelwano lwentlalo yezoqoqosho kuzo zonke izikolo. Kunokusebenzisa uhlanga njengemeko (eyakuba lithandabuzeka ngokusemthethweni emva kokulawula kweNkundla Ephakamileyo), isithili esijolise ekubekeni umda ukuxinzelelwa kwabafundi abaphantsi kwesikolo esinye. Indlela yokufumana inkcaso ekrakrakra evela kwezinye iintsapho, kodwa kwakhona yavelisa inkqubela elungeleleneyo kwiiziphumo zemfundo zemfundo kwaye yanciphisa izalano yesizwe kwimimandla engqongileyo. [[FLT]] Iziko loMfundo lwemfundo yemfundo ephantsi kwesinye ibala libalasel

Ukuvelisa Imali Ezikolweni Zoluntu

Enye indlela kukwenza zonke izikolo zibe lukhetho olunamandla, ukunciphisa intshukumisa yokuba iintsapho zilwe ngemida. Izikolo zoluntu zisebenza njengezikhundla zeenkonzo zempilo, emva kwemfundo, imfundo yabantu abadala, kunye nenkxaso yoluntu. Ngokujongana noonobangela bangaphandle abachaphazela ukufunda `njengendlala, indlala, okanye ukungakhathalelwa kwempilo'. Ezi zikolo zincinane kwaye zakha ukuthembana phakathi kweentsapho nesikolo. Xa zonke izikolo ezikwisithili zigqalwa njengezingalinganiyo, imida inokuba yimiqobo encinane, kwaye isenokukhula.

Isiphelo: Ukwakha umxokelelwano Ngokwenziwa Ngenjongo Engaphelelanga

Imida yesithili sesikolo asingomgca wobundilele emaphuni. Zizixhobo ezinamandla ezibumba ubomi bemihla ngemihla beentsapho, ubume bengingqi, kunye nempilo yokuthabatha inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi. Xa zenziwe ngomanyano engqondweni, zinokuqinisa ii-intanethi zoluntu, zabelana ngolwazi, kunye namathuba anokulinganayo afunwa ngabantu abanamandla. Xa zityeshelwa okanye zisetyenziswa kakubi, ziyayahlula zize ziphelise ukuthembana okumanyeneyo.

Ucelomngeni lweebhodi zesikolo, iinkokeli zikamasipala, kunye nabemi abatshatisiweyo kukuphatha izigqibo zomda ngobukhulu abafanele bazenze. Oku kuthetha ukuhlolisisa imilinganiselo yamanani, ukuphulaphula iingxube zamazwi ezahlukahlukeneyo qha, ingakumbi ezo zemimandla ekwimbali echanekileyo(-/iii) kwaye ukuvuma ukulungisa imigca naxa ukwenjenjalo kungathandeki. Kukwathetha ukuchaza izizathu ezisisiseko zokungalingani, ezifana nokuhlala ngokwahlukeneyo kunye nemali yesikolo, kunokuba kuthathelwe imida kuphela enokulungisa iingxaki ezinzulu zezentlalo.

Ekugqibeleni, injongo asikokuphelisa imida kodwa kukuqinisekisa ukuba basebenza kakuhle. Xa umntwana ehamba esikolweni esibonisa ukwahlukahlukana nobungqabavu boluntu olungqongileyo, umda phakathi kweso sikolo kunye nengingqi yaso awubonakali. Oko kufanelekile ukuba sizabalazele (ukuzama) apho imigca enxulumaniswe kwiintsapho kunokuba yahlulelene, nalapho umntwana ngamnye enethuba elilinganayo lokufunda, lokukhula, nokuzifumana.