Impembelelo Yemithetho Yorhwebo Yamazwe Ngamazwe Kumbutho Wokurhweba Ngelizwe LaseIreland

Imithetho yezorhwebo yehlabathi lonke yenza isiseko sorhwebo lwehlabathi, imisela imithetho elawula amatsha, iiyunithi zemveliso, kunye nesigqibo sempikiswano. I-Ireland, enee-akhawunti zecandelo elithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zenxalenye enkulu ye-GDP(ongaphezulu kwe-120% yengeniso yesizwe kwimpahla nemisebenzi). Ukusebenzisa le mithetho yezobugcisa engqukuva ejikeleze i-Dublin kunye nezityalo ezivelisa amayeza kwiCork kunye nezixhobo zokutya ezisembindini, wonke umthumeli welizwe lase-Ireland kufuneka ahambe kwisakhiwo esintabalala semibathangathanga, imimandla, kunye nezivumelwano ze-eventi. Eli nqaku lihlola imithetho emikhulu yezorhwebo echaphazela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, iziphumo zayo, imingeni ekhethekileyo ejongenemingeni-Irish, imingeni ephakathi kunye nezenzo zokuziphakanywa kwentengiso ngexesha lokuzingeniswa kwentengiso.

Umhlaba WaseIreland Othe Tye

I-Ireland ̱ inkcazo yezoqoqosho yenye yezona zinkulu ezivulekileyo kwihlabathi elihambele phambili. Eli lizwe lisoloko liphakathi kwabahambisi-mazwe abaphezulu kumntu ngamnye, liqhutywa kakhulu yimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe ezahlukahlukeneyo emayeza, izixhobo zonyango, iinkonzo zobugcisa, nokutya nokusela. Ngokutsho kwe-Central Statistics Office, ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla kuphela ngaphezulu kwe---R3652222 lamawaka ezigidi. Abasebenzi abaphambili bezorhwebo baquka i-United States, i-United Kingdom, i-Belgium, neTshayina. Ukuxhomekeka okukhulu kwiimarikethengiso zangaphandle kwenza ama-Irish atshintshela ngokuchaphaneyo kwimiqatha yezorhwebo, enoba kuvela kwiBhunga lehlabathi loTradenti (WTO), i-European Union, okanye kwizivumelwano ze-bieventibian.

Ukuqonda ukusetyenziswa kwale mida yomthetho kubalulekileyo. Imveliso ethobela ngokugqibeleleyo i-EU imakethe enye ingajongana ngokupheleleyo nolwahlulo lomthetho, imigangatho yokhuseleko, okanye imvume yokuvavanya xa ithunyelwa kwilizwe elingeyo-EU. Ngaphezu koko, imeko-bume yasemva kwe Brreet yongeze olunye umaleko oluntsokothileyo, njengokuba urhwebo phakathi kwe-Ireland neGreat Britain ngoku lulandela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zezithethe nemithetho yemvelaphi.

Umthetho ongundoqo wehlabathi lonke worhwebo uphazamisa ukhuphiswano lokurhweba ngaphandle kwe-Ireland

IMITHETHO YOMLIMO NEMIZEKELO

I-World Trade Organization iseyinkqubo yokuqala yolawulo lwezorhwebo lwezizwe ngezizwe. I-Ireland, njengelilungu le-EU, ibotshelelwe yiyo yonke izivumelwano zeWTO, kuquka isivumelwano se-General Accomplites ne Trade (GATTT), isivumelwano kwiZinga lokuHlahlela kunye noHlomelo, i-Trantipiliation Agreement, kunye nesivumelwano se-Treaty Barriers to Trade (TBTT).

Kubantu base-Irish abarhwebelana ngelizwe, iWTO ingumthetho omkhulu xa kuvela iimpikiswano okanye xa kuthengiselwana namazwe angagqunywanga yisivumelwano esithile sorhwebo olukhululekileyo lwe-EU. Umzekelo, iWTO i-staffriff yalatha kwimveliso engaphandle kwemiba eqhubekayo. Ngaphezu koko, iWTO̱ iSivumelwano seTB ifuna ukuba imigaqo yemveliso ingabi yezorhwebo olungaphezulu kunemfuneko xa abenzi bezixhobo zonyango base-Ireland bejongeneenkqubo zovavanyo ezingqubanayo kumazwe aphesheya.

Umgaqo-nkqubo worhwebo nomanyano lwezithethe lwaseYurophu

Ireland’s membership in the European Union and the Customs Union is the single most important factor shaping its export compliance environment. The EU has exclusive competence over trade policy, meaning that the European Commission negotiates trade agreements on behalf of all member states. Irish exporters benefit from a network of over 40 trade agreements covering more than 70 countries, including recent deals with Canada (CETA), Japan, and the Mercosur bloc (pending ratification).

Ukusebenzisana nemigaqo ye-EU kunyanzelekile. Oku kubandakanya iKhowudi yeMithetho ye-UNICEF, elawula iinkqubo zezithethe, ukuhlelwa komgaqo-nkqubo, ukubekwa komgangatho, kunye nemvelaphi. Abahambi ngenqanawa kufuneka banamathele kumthetho we-EU-ECO: umgaqo we-RAP yemichiza, iSixhobo seZibonelelo se-Medical System (MDR), kunye noMthetho jikelele we-Foood for actriations. I- Post-Br exit, i-EU̱ umda wangaphandle kufuneka usebenze izinto ezisuka eGreat Britain ukuya eIreland, ufuna izibhengezo ezipheleleyo zobuGrabha kunye ne-py (SPSPS) zokuhlola izinto ezizidlo. Umthetho we-Rrekhori (ngokudada kwe-Wssmont) ukhuthulo-od Com) ukhuthulot we-RlandName urhwebo lwe-Rriveltrian

Izivumelwano Zezangaphakathi Neemfuno Ezikhulu Zorhwebo

Ngaphaya kwe-EU, izivumelwano ze-bidatel kunye nezephondo zimisela iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zokuthobela. Isivumelwano se-EU-UK Trade kunye ne-TCA somanyano (TCA) silawula urhwebo nge-UK, i-Ireland ̱ intengiso yesibini enkulu yokurhweba kwamanye amazwe. Phantsi kwe-TCA, amaqanda ababhali-mikhosi kunye nee-0 zisebenza kwizinto ezihlangabezana nemithetho yemvelaphi. Ngoko, engeyomiqobo yemithetho ye-transfer ihlala ibalulekile: izibhengezo, ukhuseleko nokhuseleko, kunye nezindululo zemveliso ziqhelekile kubarhwebi bama-Irish abathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eBritani.

EUnited States, i-Ireland ̱ enkulu indawo ethunyelwa ngaphandle (ifake i-EU idityanisiwe), urhwebo lulawulwa yimithetho yeWTO kunye nezinye izivumelwano zamacandelo. Ngokufanayo, oomatshini borhwebo base-Ireland, abachaza izabelo ezinkulu zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-US, kufuneka bathobele i-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) iinkqubo ezivumelayo, iinkqubo ezikhoyo zokwenziwa kweprojekthi (cGMP), kunye neemfuno zegama elingaqhelekanga. Ngokufanayo, oomatshini bokurhwebela-thesi----transchemetersss kufuneka bathuthethe i-US phantsi kwe-RGS e-RGS (ITAR), kunye ne-ARGURGUMXS (EAR), ngokukodwa kwizinto ezinokwenzeka ezisetyenziswa yinkqubo ezisetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa ngokudityatya-a.

ITshayina, ngoxa incinane kuneUS okanye iUK kurhwebo lwamazwe aseIreland, iveza imiqobo yayo: ukurhweba nge-ankile, ukubhaliswa kwemveliso (umz., ukuthambisa kunye nezongezo zokutya), nokusetyenziswa kobuchule obugqithiseleyo bekhompyutha kunye nemithetho yogcino-lwazi echaphazela iinkqubo zekhompyutha neenkonzo.

Impembelelo kuMsebenzi woMsebenzi woMzantsi Afrika: Imimandla engundoqo

Iinkqubo zezithethe noxwebhu

Imithetho yorhwebo lwehlabathi imisela ngqo oko kufuneka kuvezwe ngabarhwebi abarhwebi belizwe lase-Irish. Phantsi kweKhodi ye-Union Customs, zonke izinto ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe mazikhatshwe sisibhengezo esithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe kwiCustom Transport System. Ukurhweba kwamanye amazwe (kuquka i-UK), amaxwebhu awongezelelekileyo angaquka iziqinisekiso zemvelaphi, i-EUR.1 yentsebenziswano (kukhetha unyango lwezikhundla phantsi kwezivumelwano ze-EU), iziqwenga, uluhlu lokupakisha, kunye namaphepha okuthutha. Ukungaphumeleli ukunikezela ngokuchana nokufikelelwa koxwebhu ngexesha elifanelekileyo kungakhokelela ekulibaziseni amasiko, kwintengo, iimali, okanye ekuthwaleni kwempahla.

Abarhwebi base-Ireland beemveliso zokutya kwe-agri bajongene neemfuno ezinzima. Umzekelo, ukuthunyelwa kwemichiza okanye inyama eTshayina kufuna iziqinisekiso zempilo ezityiwa liSebe lezolimo, Ukutya kunye neManean, kunye nemvume yenkampani elungisayo yamaTshayina. Umthwalo wemithetho yokuyila phantsi kweTCA uyenyuka, unyanzelisa iifemu ezininzi ukusungula izindululo ezintsha zokugcina iirekhodi kunye nabalungiseleli.

Imigangatho yemveliso kunye noluvo lolungelelwano

Indawo nganye ethunyelwayo ibeka imilinganiselo yayo yemveliso, isoloko isekelwe kwizithethe zezizwe ngezizwe kodwa ngomahluko wasekuhlaleni. Abarhwebi abarhwebi-mazwe kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba izinto zabo zihlangabezana neemfuno zelizwe elisingileyo. Kwizixhobo zezamayeza, ezihambisana neEU’ i-MDR ayanelanga ukuba imveliso imiselwe i-US; kufuneka kwakhona yanelise i-FFFF 510 (k) okanye i-premantet evunyiweyo. Ngokufanayo, i-elektroli ezithunyelwa eMzantsi Korea kufuneka zithwale uphawu lwe KC (Kreta Crent).

Indleko yovavanyo kunye nokuqinisekisa inokuba phezulu, ingakumbi kushishino oluncinci noluphakathi. Ukufaka icandelo lesithathu lokuvavanya ii-abreabhu, ukuchaza izidumbu, okanye ukufumana umelo lwamanani ongezelele ngaphezulu. Kodwa, okungeyongeniso inokuba nomngcipheko omkhulu: imveliso ingavalelwa kumda, ibekwe kwizinto ezibiza imali eninzi, okanye ikhokelele kwiityala.

Urhwebo Neembango

Imithetho yorhwebo lwehlabathi iquka ingqiniso kunye ne-exbango ezibekwe yi-EU, iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, okanye amazwe ngamanye. Njengelungu le-EU, i-Ireland isebenzisa zonke iimvume zolawulo ze-EU, ezithi ngoku zijoliswe kumazwe anjenge Russia, Belarus, Iran, North Korea, ne-Syria. Abarhwebi beenqanawa kufuneka babonise abathengi, abasebenzisi besiphelo, kunye nezifikeleli ezichasene nentengo ezimiselwe izigwebo. Ukurhwebe ezinokusetyenziswa kwiinjongo zemikhosi okanye zizinto ezigunyaziswayo.

IEU̱ izigwebo eRashiya emva kokuhlasela kwe-Ukraine iye yaba nempembelelo ephawulekayo. Abarhwebi bomatshini, oomatshini be-elektroniki, nemichiza ethile kufuneka ngoku bathobele imiqathango entsonkothileyo yokuthunyelwa kwezinto ezinokuthi ziphucule amandla oshishino lwamaRashiya. Ukungquzulana, nokuba bekungengozi, kungakhokelela kwintengo enzima okanye ukutshutshiswa kolwaphulo-mthetho. Amaqela eqela eliququzelela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufuneka ahlale elungelelanisa iimpahla ezihlaziweyo ezihlaziweyo ezihlaziywe rhoqo.

Iingxaki Ezijamelene Nezo Abarhwebi Bamazwe Angaphandle

Ukuntsonkotha kwemisebenzi yesakhelo esinemithetho emininzi

Eyona nto iphambili kukuntsonkotha koorhulumente abasemthethweni abangenanayo. I-SME ethumela i-software e-US, izixhobo zonyango eNigeria kufuneka yanelise ngexesha elinye imithetho ye-EU ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ulawulo lwe-US, imithetho yokhuseleko lwamaJapan, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwemveliso ye-Nigeria. Ukuhlala utshintsha ulawulo kummandla ngamnye kufuna ubuncwane obunikezelweyo obungenayo.

Impembelelo kwingingqi encinci nephakathi (SMES)

Ngelixesha amasebe amakhulu asebenza kwilizwe lonke eIreland asoloko ekwindlu esemthethweni kunye ne-operation, ama-SMEs athwaliswe umthwalo ongalinganiyo. Ngokutsho kwe-Entemprise Ireland, abarhwebi abaninzi abancinane abanalo uqingqo-mali kubahluli bezithethe, amagqwetha, okanye i-software egunyazisayo. Umsebenzi wolawulo wokugcwalisa izibhengezo zamasiko, ukuqinisekisa imvelaphi, kunye nokugqiba inzondelelo efunekayo ekuboneni intengo yentengiso kungalithwalisa iqela elincinane. Oku kungakhokelela abanye oo-SMEs ekuphepheni ukurhweba kwamanye amazwe, ukulinganisela ukukhula kwabo.

Ukungaqiniseki Kwezobupolitika Neengxaki Zorhwebo

Iimfazwe zorhwebo kunye nenkxwaleko yezentengiso yezwe le-TCina zabangela utshintsho olungalindelekanga. Imfazwe yorhwebo ye-US idala ukunyuka kwemida kwiimpahla ezithile, ichaphazela iifemu zase-Ireland ezakhupha amalungu eTshayina okanye ezithumela ngelizwe kwimveliso ezigqityiweyo e-US. Ukungaqiniseki kweBrexit kwaqhubeka iminyaka emininzi, kunye nolwandiso oluninzi lwexesha phambi kokuba i-TCA ekugqibeleni igunyaziswe. Kutshanje, isisongelo sorhwebo lwe-U kwii-etheminali ezithengwayo ze-atting zinokuchaphazela abarhwebi bee-ish abarhwepheshi bezobugcisa. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuceba ukunikezela ngeminxeba elide kunye namalungiselelo okugunya.

Name

Kwanasemva kweTCA, ulawulo lorhwebo olutsha phakathi kwe-Ireland neGreat Britain luyaqhubeka luphazamisa. Iindlela zorhwebo ezongezelelekileyo, uvavanyo lwe-SPS lokutya kwe-agri, kunye nemfuneko yokuphawula i-UKCA (UḴ iziphumo zemveliso yeBr exit) zongeza iindleko kunye nolibaziseko. Abahambisi belizwe lase-Ireland ababesebenzisa i-GB njengemakethe yasekhaya, uhlengahlengiso bebuhlungu. Abaninzi baye baqesha abameli bemicisho, bafaka kwisixokelelwano esitsha seIT, okanye baphinda banike amatyathanga okugcina umlinganiso ofanayo wenkonzo.

Ubuchule bokuHlalulisa

Ingeniso ekuququzelweni kwentsebenziswano kunye nobuxhakaxhaka

Zinikwe ubuntlola, iinkampani zase-Ireland kufuneka ziqwalasele ukuqeshwa okanye ukufunyanwa kweengcali zorhwebo, ezisendlwini okanye ngeefektha zokuhlola. I-creadtive i-stauding (ikhowudi ze-HS), imithetho yemvelaphi, kunye nezigunyaziso ziluncedo. Ngaphezu koko, ukwenziwa kogcino-lwazi lwe-software olugunyazisayo lungaxhasa uxwebhu lwamasiko azenzelwayo, abathengi abanokulwa noludwe, kwaye balawule ugcino-lwazi lwemveliso. Imigangatho emininzi inika unxulumano no-EUPPPPP i̱ iinkonzo kunye nenkqubo ye-EU̱ Inkqubo Yemiqathango.

Hlala Ufunde Ngeziqhagamshelanisi Nangamaqabane Asemthethweni

Ukwakhiwa kwelizwe kusoloko kuguquka. Abarhwebi base-Ireland kufuneka bavume ukuhlaziya kwiZiko loPhuhliso (igunya lezemali), kwiKhomishini yaseYurophu i̱ i-Tradek, kunye neWTO̱ iE-Trade Platform. Iinkampani zezoshishino, ezifana ne- Irish Transporters Association (IEA) kunye ne-IBEC (Umzimba othenjiweyo), zinika izilumkiso, uqeqesho, kunye nobuchule bokusebenza. Ukuhlolela kwimibhobho kunye nezi ndawo eziquququ ziqukiwe zezi zidumbu ziyakwazi ukunceda amankampani ajonge iinguqu.

Ukwenziwa koxwebhu oluneenkcukacha kunye nokugcinwa kwengxelo

Uxwebhu oluchanekileyo luyindawo ebanzi yokuthobela. Abarhwebi abarhwebi kufuneka bagcine iingxelo ezipheleleyo zeinvocices zorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha, iziqinisekiso zemvelaphi, amaxwebhu okuthutha kunye neposi kunye nabathengi. I-EU Customs Code ifuna ukuba ezi rekhodi zigcinwe ubuncinane iminyaka emithathu (okanye ixesha elide kwiimpahla ezithile). Ukufakela inkqubo yolawulo loxwebhu edibanisa ukuthunyelwa kobungqina obuxhasayo kunciphisa ubungozi bophicotho-zincwadi.

Sebenzisa Abameli Neebhatyi

Isitshixo sokukhetha umhluzi onolwazi kwi-applet-preset ayisebenzi kakuhle kwaye iyayimposiso. Abahluli bamasiko abagunyazisiweyo bangaphatha izibhengezo kwaye baqinisekise ukuba bagqibe ngokuchanekileyo ulwahlulo kunye noxabiso. Abahambisi abaninzi bemithwalo abanikela kwindlu yolwaleko. Isitshixo kukukhetha umxubi onolwazi kumava okuthumela kwelinye ilizwe i̱ amacandelo akhethekileyo kunye nentengiso yexhoba. Ukusebenzisa uMphathi-osunguli wezoshishino lwezentengiso zezoqoqosho (AO) i-credingcescesss iyakwazi ukukhulula amasiko acacileyo kwaye icuphe ukuhlolwa.

Iinkqubo zeNkxaso kaRhulumente weHeverhare

I-Ireland inika inkxaso eninzi kubarhwebi abathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe abajongene neengxaki. I-Interprise Ireland inika izibonelelo zorhwebo, uphando, kunye noqeqesho. I-Otherinentprise Office (LEOS) inikela uqeqesho kunye nenkxaso yemali ye-SMEs ezingena kwiimarike ezintsha. I- InterTradeIreland ixhasa intengiso yoshishino ejolise ekuthengisweni kwemida enqamlezayo kunye ne-Northern Ireland. Ngaphezu koko, iSebe le-Interprise, i-Tracrantium and Brking ikhupha ukhokelo kwiBret elungiselela kunye nezivumelwano zorhwebo.

Imisebenzi yangaphakathi yeNkqutyana yeNkcubeko

Uphicotho-zincwadi lwexeshana lwenkqubo yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lunceda ekuboneni izithuba ngaphambi kokuba ziphumele kwisohlwayo. Imiphicotho kufuneka ihlole ukuchana kwezibhengezo zamasiko, ukungaguquguquki kwemveliso kunye neemfuno zelizwe elisifikeleyo, kunye nokunamathela kwiinkqubo zokuvavanya. Ukuququzelela iingxelo zangaphandle kunganika imbono enenjongo. Iimanyano ezininzi zorhwebo zinika iisikhokelo kunye nezixhobo zophicotho-phicotho-zincwadi.

Thetha Ngezigqibo Ezintsonkothileyo

Xa beqhubana nexabiso eliphezulu, elinovakalelo, okanye elisetyenziswa kabini ekuthunyeleni kwamanye amazwe, icebiso elisemthethweni liyimfuneko. Abaxhasi bomthetho abakhethekileyo kurhwebo lwezizwe ngezizwe bangacebisa ngokusetyenziswa kwemfuno, ukuthotyelwa kwemali (UK uMthetho wokuSisingqiniso, i-US FCPA), kunye nesigqibo sokuphikisana. Bangancedisa ekufakeni izivumelwano ezinika iimbopheleleko zokuthobelana phakathi komthengi nomthengisi, ukunciphisa iimfanelo.

Isiphelo

Imithetho yorhwebo lwehlabathi ayimiqobo engqukuva; zizakhiwo ezinamandla ezibonisa ukujikeleza kwezoqoqosho, kwezobupolitika, kunye nokhuseleko. Kubahambisi-mazwe base-Ireland, ukuthobela luhambo oluqhubekayo kunoluhlu olunye logcino-lwazi. Iindleko kunye nobunzima buyinyani, ingakumbi kwii-SME, kodwa imivuzo yokufikelela kwiimarike ezahlukeneyo emhlabeni wonke ingaphezulu kakhulu kwemithwaliso yeminyanzelo. Ngokufaka ubugcisa obunemichiza, ubugcisa bokuzixhathisa, ukuhlala usazi ngemithombo ethembekileyo, kunye nolawulo olunento exhasayo, amafemu ase-Ireland angaguqula uthothotho lwetyala lube luncedo olukhuphiswayo. Njengoko inkqubo yorhwebo yehlabathi ijongene neengcinezelo ezintsha zemozulu ezinxulumene nemozulu ihamba ngemimiselo yemiqatha yemithetho yezorhwebo.

Uncedo oluluncedo lokuhlala ngoku luquka iKomishini yaseYurophu iR i-Access Markets portal ( Access2 Markets), iWTO̱ inkqubo yogcino-lwazi, kunye nokhokelo lwe-Irish Revenuence Commissioners ’ ukhokelo lwecandelo. Ubulumko bomndibani-o-omzimbini, Athelekisa izilawuli kunye neSanctions: Isikhokeli se-Irish Yoshishino yeSebe le-Entempyusa, iTranti kunye noMsebenzi ([[FLTL:]]]