Ulwalamano phakathi kwemithetho yezoshishino yasekuhlaleni kunye namathuba omsebenzi lumxholo osisiseko olawula ukuchuma kwezoqoqosho kuluntu jikelele. Ukuqonda indlela imithetho kamasipala echaphazela ngayo ukwakhiwa koshishino, ulwando, kunye nomsebenzi kunceda abafundisi-mfundo, abafundi, kunye nabamisi-mthetho baluxabisa urhwebo phakathi kokhuseleko lwabasebenzi, ukhuseleko lwemekobume, kunye nokukhula kwezoqoqosho. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iziphumo ezininzi zemimiselo yasekuhlaleni kwiimarike zemisebenzi, linika uhlalutyo olulungeleleneyo olunokuthi lwazise iingxubusho zeklasi kunye nezigqibo zokwenene zehlabathi.

Ukuqonda Imithetho Yezoshishino

Imimiselo yoshishino lwengingqi yimithetho yolawulo emiselwe sisixeko, isithili, okanye oorhulumente bengingqi ukulawula umsebenzi worhwebo ngokwemithetho yabo. Le migaqo ijolise ekukhuseleni impilo yoluntu, ukhuseleko, nentlalo-ntle kodwa ikwaphembelela indlela amashishini anokuqalisa, asebenze ngayo, akhule ngayo. Iindidi ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • Ukunika imvume kunye nokuvumela – Iimfuno zokusebenza kweshishini, ukusuka kumalayisensi aqhelekileyo eshishini ukuya kwimvume ekhethekileyo yenkonzo yokutya, ulwakhiwo, okanye iinkonzo zobugcisa.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imilinganiselo ephilileyo neyokhuseleko – iMithetho elawula iimeko zemisebenzi, ukuphatha ukutya, imida yokwakha nokulungiselela ngexesha likaxakeka.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Imimiselo yesiseko - Imithetho elahla inkunkuma, ukukhupha inkunkuma, ulawulo lwengxolo, kunye nomhlaba wokusetyenziswa kwamashishini kufuneka alandele ukunciphisa umonakalo wemekobume.
  • Imithetho ye- engundoqo [ – Amasiko asekuhlaleni ngomvuzo omncinane, ikhefu lokugula, ucwangciso, kunye nolwahlulo lwabasebenzi.
  • Imigaqo-nkqubo yokwahlula-hlula – irhafu yelayisensi yeshishini, iirhafu ezithe kratya, iirhafu zempahla, kunye nohlolo olukhethekileyo olwahluka-hlukeneyo ngokwendawo
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuqhatha kunye nomhlaba kusetyenziswa[ – Imiqathango apho iintlobo ezithile zamashishini zingasebenza khona, zichaphazela amaphondo ezorhwebo, iindawo zoshishino, kunye namashishini asekelwe ekhaya.
  • Uphawu kunye nezibhengezo - Imithetho kubungakanani, ulwahlulo, kunye nokukhanya kwemiqondiso yeshishini.

Le mithetho ayifani; ibonisa izinto eziza kuqala kwindawo ethile, imeko yezobupolitika neemeko zezoqoqosho. Ngokomzekelo, isixeko esiselunxwemeni sisenokumisela imithetho engqongqo yokukhusela imimandla yaso elunxwemeni, ngoxa idolophu yasemaphandleni isenokubeka imiqobo emincinane ekungeneni kwezoshishino ukuze itsale ushishino.

Indima Yemithetho Kwimisebenzi Yoshishino

Imithetho ibumba imeko-bume esebenzayo ngeendlela ezininzi ezibukhali, iphembelela yonke into ukusuka kumaxabiso okuqalisa ukuya kukhula okude. Ukuqonda ezi ntshukumo kunceda kucacise ukuba kutheni omnye umthetho unganconywa ngabanye kwaye ugxekwe ngabanye.

Iindleko zokuqokelela

Imithetho nganye imisela iindleko ukuze ithobele. Amashishini kufuneka achithe ixesha nemali emaphepha, ekuhloleni, ekuqeqesheni, ekucebiseni, ekucebiseni ngokusemthethweni, nasekunyuseni okungokomzimba. Kwimibutho emikhulu, ezi ndleko zisoloko zilawulwa njengepesenti encinane yengeniso. Kwimiqathango encinane nesiqalo, nokokuba, ukuthobela ukuthotyelwa kungaphelisa izahlulo ezingenakulinganiswa zezibonelelo. Ingxelo ye-2023 ye-National Federation of Independent Business ifumanise ukuba abanini abancinane beshishino bachitha umlinganiselo we-R3000 (R1,000) ngonyaka kurhulumente, kurhulumente, kunye nokuthobela ulawulo loluntu. Xa imimiselo yasekuhlaleni yongeza imiqathango eninzi, umthwalo ungadibanisela abarhwebi okanye amashishini ukuba basebenze ngaphandle kwemvume efanelekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwingozi esemthethweni.

Ukungena Kwabathengisi Nokhuphiswano

Imimiselo yasekuhlaleni engqongqo ingenza imiqobo ekungeniseni. Umzekelo, isixeko esifuna imvume exabiso leelori zokutya singalinganisela inani labathengisa ukutya, ukunciphisa ukhuphiswano kunye nokhetho lwabathengi. Ngokuchaseneyo, iinkqubo ezikhongozelayo zinokukhuthaza iprojekthi yorhwebo. Ngokwe Bhanki ye World’s Doing Business iingxelo, uqoqosho olunenkqubo zokuqalisa lula luthambeka luthambeka lunomlinganiselo ophezulu wolwakhiwo olutsha loshishino kunye nomgangatho osezantsi wobugqeba.

Ukhuseleko Lomsebenzi Nabathengisi Bemisebenzi

Imimiselo yemisebenzi efana nemithetho yemivuzo encinane, imiyalelo yokuhlawula, kunye nemithetho elwa nokungavumelani nokukhuselwa kwemiqathango yemali yezithuthi yenzelwa ukukhusela abasebenzi. Xa isetyenziswa ngokusengqiqweni, ingaphucula imigangatho yokuphila, inciphise ijijiko, ize yandise imveliso. Noko ke, ukuba iindleko zokuthobela inyuke kakhulu, abaqeshi bangaphendula ngokuqesha abasebenzi abambalwa, ukucutha iiyure, okanye ukuthatha indawo yomsebenzi ngokusebenzisa i-automssion. Ulwalamano phakathi konyuko oluncinane nomsebenzi lungomnye wezona zinto zifundwa kakhulu kwezoqoqosho, ngokubonisa iziphumo ezahlukileyo kuxhomeke kwimisi-mali nakushishino yoshishino.

Ukuzinzisa nokulungisa ushishino

Imithetho ingavuselela okanye ithintele ukuphuhliswa kwemekobume. Ngokomzekelo, imithetho yokusingqongileyo, iye yaqhubela phambili ukuphuhliswa kobugcisa obucocekileyo nemisebenzi eluhlaza. Kwizixeko ezigunyazisa ikhowudi yokwakha engaphumeleli ngamandla, amafemu okwakha aye afaka izinto ezintsha kunye neendlela, edala imfuneko yabasebenzi abanobuchule kumandla avuselelweyo kunye noyilo oluzinzileyo. Kwelinye icala, imithetho egqithisileyo yokubhalwa kwemibhalo yesandla isenokutshixa kwizenzo eziphelelwe lixesha, idimazisa uvavanyo kunye nobuchule bokutshintsha iimeko zemarike.

Ukuchaphazeleka Kwamathuba Okusebenza

Iziphumo zemithetho yoshishino lwasekuhlaleni kwimisebenzi zinzima kwaye zisoloko zixhomekeke kumongo. Ngelixesha imimiselo ingakhusela abasebenzi ikhuthaze ukukhula okungaququzelelekiyo, zinokuba neziphumo ezingacwangciswanga ezithintela ukudalwa komsebenzi.

Imiphumo Emihle

  • Indalo ye-Job kushishino oluvelayo. iinkqubo zasekuhlaleni ezixhasa amandla avuselelwayo, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe, ukuthuthwa kukawonke-wonke, okanye izindlu ezinokufikeleleka zinokuvelisa umsebenzi ngqo. Umzekelo, izixeko ezinemithetho yokwakha eluhlaza eqinileyo zibone ukukhula kwemisebenzi yabacandi, abafaki-mandla, kunye nabayili beplani abaxhasayo.
  • [ uphuhliso lomsebenzi osebenzayo. lukhuthazo loqeqesho lwabasebenzi, iziqinisekiso zokhuseleko, okanye ukuqhubeka kwemfundo kungaphakamisa ubunjani bequmrhu lokusebenza. Abaqeshwa abaneziqinisekiso eziqwalaselweyo basoloko beyalela imivuzo ephezulu kwaye banandipha imisebenzi ezinzileyo.
  • [ ulungiso lweshishini kunye nokuthembana. imithetho eqinisekisa ukhuphiswano olufanelekileyo, inyaniso kwizibhengezo, kunye nokuzithemba kokhuseleko olukhuthazwa ngabathengi. Ukusingqongileyo okuthe ngqo okucwangcisiweyo kukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwemali ixesha elide, kuquka ulwandiso lomsebenzi.
  • Unciphiso lokuxhatshazwa. Ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi olunjengohlawulo oluthe lwaphela, iimfuno zokwaphuka, kunye nemithetho yokulwa notsalo lwenqanawa yenza iindawo zomsebenzi ezikhuselekileyo, ezinokunciphisa ijiko-jiko kwaye zitsale italente engcono.

Imiphumo Embi

  • [[NKQUBO:0] Iindleko eziphezulu zomsebenzi ezikhokelela ekuqesheni ikhenkce okanye ukukhulula. Xa imivuzo encinane yasekuhlaleni inyuka kakhulu ngaphandle kwengeniso yemveliso ehambelanayo, amashishini amancinane anokuhlisa ukusebenza okanye ukutshintshela kwimisebenzi yexeshana ukuphatha imithwalo eqengqelekayo.
  • Ibhari yolwandiso. imiqathango yokulinganisela ulwakhiwo oluphezulu okanye umgangatho womlinganiselo ingathintela ukunyuka kweenkampani kwindawo enye, ukuzinyanzela ukuba zishenxe kwezinye iindawo okanye zincame ulwando.
  • I-ovel yoqoqosho olungacwangciswanga. Umthetho ogqithisileyo ungaqhuba amashishini ngokufihlakeleyo. Umsebenzi othuleyo usoloko ungenazo iinzuzo, ukhuseleko lomsebenzi, kunye nokhuseleko olusemthethweni, ucutha kwaneenjongo ezicetyiweyo ukuba imimiselo ifunyanwe.
  • Unciphiso kurhwebo. Iinkqubo zemvume ezide kunye namaxabiso aphezulu okuqalisa kuthintela oosomashishini abanomdla, ingakumbi abo bavela kwiimvelaphi ezingezizo. Uhlolisiso lwama 2022 lweKauffman Foundation lwafumanisa ukuba ukuntsonkotha kolawulo kungunobangela obalulekileyo wokuthoba isantya sokuqalisa phakathi koluntu olufumana imali ephantsi.
  • Impembelelo egqithisiweyo kumashishini amancinci. Amatyathanga amakhulu asoloko enesebe lokunikezela, lo gama iivenkile ezinomama nepop kufuneka ziphambukise ixesha lomnini-mali ekukhonzeni abathengi. Oku kungakhokelela kushishino lwemarike kwakunye nemisebenzi epheleleyo kwizoqoqosho zasekuhlaleni.

Uphando lwetyala kwimiqathango yasekuhlaleni

Ukufundisisa Imeko 1: Ukwanda Kwemali Encinane Kuyanda Ezixekweni Ezikhulu

Ngo-2014, iSeattle yaqalisa unyuko oluthe kratya lwengeniso yayo encinane ukuya kutsho ku-R25 ngeyure, enye yezona ziphezulu kulo lonke ilizwe ngelo xesha. Abaphengululi baye bafunda iziphumo zemisebenzi. IYunivesithi yaseWashington edumileyo ifumanise ukuba nangona imivuzo inyuka kakhulu kubasebenzi abaphantsi, iiyure zancitshisiwe, kwaye yonke ingeniso yabasebenzi abasebenza ngejob yanda ngokuthoba. Kodwa ezinye izifundo ezisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumana iziphumo ezingalunganga zomsebenzi. USeattle ibonisa ukuba iziphumo zemithetho encinane ehlawulwayo zixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nesantya sokusebenza, ukuxuba kweshishini, ukuxuba, iimeko zezoqoqosho. Ingxoxo efanayo idlalwe kwizixeko ezifana neSan Francisco, kwisiXeko saseNew York, kunye neChicago, apho abenzi benkqubo baqhubekela ukulungele ukuxhamfaza ishishini.

Uhlolisiso lwemeko 2: Imithetho yokusingqongileyo nemisebenzi eluhlaza iyakhula

Imithetho engqongqo yemeko-bume yaseKhalifoniya inconywe kwaye yagxekwa. Inkqubo yeli lizwe, imilinganiselo yecap-partifolio ehlaziyiweyo, kunye nemithetho yokukhutshwa kwezithuthi inyuse icandelo elinombane elisebenzayo. NgokweKhalifoniya iSebe loPhuhliso loMsebenzi woMsebenzi woMsebenzi, inani lemisebenzi ekuveliseni ilanga, ukufakwa, kunye nokulungisa okukhulayo kungama-80% phakathi konyaka ka-2023. Noko ke, abagxeki babonisa ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi kwinkcitho yenkcaso yenkcaso yenkcaso yemali ngokweendleko zoshishino. Isiphumo se-mali epheleleyo yomsebenzi siyaphikisana, kodwa lomzekelo ubonisa indlela imigaqo yokuzikongomela umsebenzi ekwandiswa ngayo: imiqatha yolwano yemisebenzi ngexesha abanye abasebenzi abasebenzisana. Urhulumente bayakwazi ukudambisa iimpembelelo ezingekho mthethweni ngokunikezela iinkqubo zotshintsho kunye nokuxhasa abasebenzi abagxothwa.

Isifundo setyala 3: Ukusetyenziswa kwemali eninzi kunye nomsebenzi we-Gig enconomy

Oorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni bafuna amalayisensi agunyazisa imisebenzi equka indalo ukuya kulungisa ikhaya. Ngoxa la malayisensi ejolise ekukhuseleni abathengi ngokuqinisekisa ukuba bancinane kakhulu, bayakwazi ukulinganisela amathuba emisebenzi kubantu abanobuncwane obulinganiselweyo ukuze bahlawulele uqeqesho novavanyo. Ngenxa yoko, ezinye izixeko ziqalise ukunciphisa iimfuno zokuqeshwa kwemisebenzi ephantsi. Ngokomzekelo, utshintsho lwaseLouisville, eKentucky, luyekisa ukukhutshwa kwemisetyenziso yeshumi elinanye, kuquka abachebi nabasebenzi be-manicursers, ukuthoba imiqobo yokungena. Ugcino-lwazi lwangaphambili lubonisa ukuncitshiswa kweminyato kubhaliso olutsha lwezoshishino nokwanda kwezikhalazo zorhwebo.

Iindlela Zokulungelelanisa Imithetho Nokwanda Komsebenzi

Abenzi bemithetho, iinkokeli zamashishini nabameli bebutho labantu banokusebenzisa iindlela eziliqela zokusebenzisa imimiselo yezandla ekhusela izilangazelelo zikawonke - wonke ngaphandle kokucinezela umsebenzi.

Iinkqubo zoNxulumaniso eziDibanisayo

Ukwenza izicelo zemvume, ukuqinisa uhlolo, nokunika ukhokelo olucacileyo kunganciphisa ixesha namashishini emali achithela kwimisebenzi. Izixeko ezifana ne-Austin, eTexas, ziye zasebenzisa amazibuko e-intanethi avumela amashishini ukuba afake izicelo zemvume ezininzi ngexesha elinye, anqumle amaxesha okuvunyelwa ngomlinganiselo wama-40%.

Ukubandakanyeka Kwabalawuli Ekwenzeni Ulawulo

Xa benza imithetho emitsha, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka balucele ngamandla ungenelelo kumashishini, kubasebenzi, nakwimibutho yoluntu. Ukuchongwa kwamapolisa, iikomiti zolawulo loluntu, kunye neenkqubo zomqhubi wenqwelo-moya zinokunceda ekuboneni iziphumo ezingacwangciswanga kwangoko. Umzekelo, iPortland, i-Oregon, isebenzisa umkhosi onika ikhefu elinokuhlawula, nto leyo ephumela kwixesha lesigaba lokugula elanika amashishini amancinane ixesha lokuzivumelanisa nemeko.

Ukuxhasa Umanyano

Amashishini amancinane asoloko engenazo iimpahla zomthetho nezemali zokuqhuba imimiselo entsonkothileyo. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banganikela uncedo lwesisa olukhululekileyo okanye oluphantsi, olufana nooveji, ii-pareji, kunye namaxwebhu alawulayo. Ezinye izixeko ezisebenzisana neekholeji zoluntu ukulungiselela uqeqesho kwiimfuno zolawulo, ukunceda oosomashishini bahlale bethobela ngaphandle kokuqesha abacebisi abazii-mali.

Ukuzihlaziya Nokucanda UClaus

Imithetho kufuneka ivavanywe ngamaxesha athile ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisasebenza kwaye ziyimfuneko. Amacandelo aphuma ngokuzenzekelayo emva kwemithetho emiselwe iminyaka ngaphandle kokuba urhulumente uwahlaziye ngokutsha. Le mikhosi iphinda ihlole kwaye inciphise ukuqokelelwa kweemfuno eziphelelwe lixesha. Ngokomzekelo, iphondo laseVirginia, lisebenzisa inkqubo yophindo lomthetho eshenxise ngaphezu kwe-1,500 yexesha okanye imithetho ekhuphelayo ukususela ngo-2012.

Intengo ejoliswe kuko kwiishishini ezincinci

Ukuqonda ukuba yonke imithetho elingana nemigangatho encinane ingawatyumza amashishini amancinane, amanye amagunya angaphandle angenamsebenzi angaphantsi kwenani elithile labaqeshwa abakwimithetho exabisa kakhulu. Umzekelo, imigaqo emininzi yasekuhlaleni ehlawulwayo ishiya amashishini akhululekileyo nabasebenzi abangaphantsi kwesihlanu okanye kweshumi, bewavumela ukuba akhule ngaphambi kokuba athathe eminye imithwalo yokuthobela. Abahlalutyi baphikisa abasebenzi kwimizi - mveliso emincinane engakhuselekanga, kodwa abaxhasi bawajonga njengendlela elula yokulondoloza amathuba okuqalisa.

Indima Yabaxhasi Abaninzi

Ukuyila imeko-bume elungeleleneyo kufuna intsebenziswano phakathi kwabadlali abahlukeneyo:

  • oorhulumente bendawo kufuneka bamisele imithetho ecacileyo, engaguquguqukiyo kunye nokuzibekela umngeniselo wokwenza umsebenzi olungileyo nofundisayo kunokunika isohlwayo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Abanini beshishini kufuneka bathathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwinkqubo yokulawula, ukunikezela ngogcino-lwazi kunye nempendulo yehlabathi lokwenene ukubumba imigaqo esebenzayo.
  • Abasebenzi namaqumrhu abasebenzi bangaxhasa ukukhusela ngelixesha bevuma ukusebenziseka kwamashishini abaqeshiyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imibutho edityanisiweyo kunye nengeniso inganceda izikhewu zebrorho, inika ubuncwane ukunceda amashishini ahambelane nomthetho kwaye abasebenzi baqonde amalungelo abo.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] amaziko okhutshelo adlala indima ngokulungiselela oosomashishini bexesha elizayo kunye nabasebenzi ukuqhuba uphando olunika ubungqina obusekelwe kulawulo lwelizwe.

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya kweminye imisebenzi engcono yomgaqo-nkqubo, U.S. Ulawulo oluncinci loshishino lunika ukhokelo kwi-incansing kunye nemvume, ngelixa iBhanki yeWorld Unistling Intoki ehambayo[ inikezela uthelekiso lwezibalo ezinqamlezayo. [[FLT:]]] [[FLT:]]] [[FLT]]] uveza uphando lwendlela lwendlela yokusebenza olunobathath-awulwayo olunxulumene neenguqulo. Ngokudibanisa imo-mo yojiko.

Isiphelo

Impembelelo yemimiselo yoshishino yasekuhlaleni kumathuba omsebenzi ayilunganga okanye ayilunganga. Imithetho elungiselelwe ngokucinga ingakhusela abasebenzi, imekobume, kunye nabathengi ngoxa isakwazi ukuvelisa i-synams. Noko ke, eyenziwe ngobuhlwempu okanye imimiselo egqithisileyo, inokuthi ithintele ushishino kwaye inciphise imisebenzi, ingakumbi phakathi kwabemi ababuthathaka. Isitshixo sikwingxoxo eqhubekayo, uhlengahlengiso logcino-lwazi oluqhubekayo, kunye nozibophalo lokulinganisela izinto eziphambili eziphikisanayo. Kubafundi nabafundi, lo mxholo unika ibala elinobutyebi lokucingela ukucingela, ukuqwalasela, ukuqulungela, nokuthembana kolawulo lwengingqini. Ngokuqonda umahluko womthetho wasekuhlaleni, isizukulwana esilandelayo seenkokeli sinongeza imigaqo ekhuthaza zombini ubulungisa nempumelelo kwingingqino yabo.