I-Ireland ichazwa ngokulula kwezoqoqosho. Njengelizwe elincinane elinembali enzulu yokufuduka norhwebo, ilizwe lale mihla lase-Ireland liye lavelisa impumelelo yalo kwimveliso yempahla, iinkonzo, nekomkhulu. Ukurhweba kwamanye amazwe ngezinto neenkonzo nge-akhawunti ye-Gross Literal Produal Product, umlinganiselo obonisa ukuxhomekeka okunzulu kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. Lo mqobo, noko ke, ubangela ukuchanabeka okugqithisileyo. Xa ukuthengiselwa kwentengiso kuvela ngezantsi kwemiqatha, imigangatho ye-galelo, okanye amandla e-geontalthisswaves zivakala ngokubini kwibhodi ye-Ireland, kwifamafama, nakwimizila yemizi - mveliso. Ukuqonda iziphumo ezininzi zezi ngxabano zibangela ukuchasana oku.

Ukuchanabeka Okukhethekileyo Kwehlabathi Lonke EIreland

Ukusiqonda isizathu sokuba iingxabano zorhwebo zibaluleke kangaka eIreland, umntu kufuneka kuqala aqonde ukuba senziwe kwezoqoqosho lwangaphandle. Asiyonto ekhoyo yomnye kodwa yimeko yezoqoqosho ezimbini. Kwelinye icala imininzi imisebenzi yemibutho yezizwe ngezizwe (MNCs) kumayeza, ubugcisa bolwazi, kunye nezixhobo zezamayeza. Ezi nkampani, zitsalwa ngabasebenzi abanobuchule, urhulumente wenkampani exhasayo werhafu, kwaye uqinisekiswe ukufikelela kwi-European Single Mekits, zenze i-Ireland isiseko somhlaba wonke sokwakha neenkonzo. Kwelinye icala kukho icandelo lobulali elinamandla enziwe kwezolimo zolimo, kwezobutshini, kwezobutshini, kwezobugcisa, kwezoshishino zobugcisa, kunye neenkonzo zezoshishino.

Esi sakhiwo sibini sithetha ukuba ingxuba-mali yorhwebo yahlasela i-Ireland ngee-engile ezininzi. Imfazwe yorhwebo phakathi kwe-United States neTshayina ingaphazamisa ukunikezelwa kwemixokelelwano yehlabathi jikelele ye-MNCs eDublin neCork. Impikiswano ngenkxaso yemali yokulima ingenza ukuba ifama yentsapho eCounty Tiperary ingasebenzi kakuhle. IBrexit, eyona ngxaki ibalulekileyo yorhwebo kwisizukulwana, ichaphazela icandelo lomhlaba wonke (ngokusuka kwintywiliselwano yomthetho kunye nogcino-data) kunye necandelo lobulali (ngendlela yokuhlola ukutya ekuthunyeleni). Oku kusigxibeko kubangela ukuba umhlaba wase-Ireland uhambele phambili kutshintshiwe ngakumbi kwinkqubo yezorhwebo lwehlabathi.

Iimpikiswano zorhwebo ezingundoqo kunye neMiba yezokwezobupolitika

Imekobume yehlabathi yangoku ichazwa kungeyomfazwe yorhwebo enye, kodwa ngothotho lweempikiswano ezidibeneyo kunye notshintsho lokwakhiwa. Kubantu base-Ireland abarhwebelana kwamanye amazwe, amabala amane angundoqo emfazwe afuna ingqalelo.

Ifa Elingapheliyo LeBreet

Ngoxa iUnited Kingdom iye yawushiya ngokusesikweni umbutho we-European Union, inkqubo yokuchaza ulwalamano lwayo olutsha lorhwebo ingumthombo oqhubekayo wentlukwano. I-Trade and Cooperation Active Convention (TCA) inika ubuchule bokuhlola ii-fire kunye ne-zero kwimfuno ezihlangabezana neMiqathango yeRom, kodwa ithabathe indawo yentengiso engangqubaniyo nemithwalo yemali enzima yokulawula. Abarhwebi beenqanawa zokurhwebi bee-Ireland ngoku bajongene nentluvo oluzi, i-pytosantary (S) kunye nemfuno yemveliso engaphiliyo ekhoyo ngaphambi konyaka wama-201. Oku kongeze indleko nokuntsonko nokuntsonkotha koncedo lwemali eUK, ngoku okuhlala kusetyenziswa kwilizwe eliziko lorhwebo elizinzo oluzinzileyo lwaseIrish, ngokukodwa kwicandelo elihlala ixesha elide lolwayo.

Uthetho lweSCina kunye noTshutho loMcimbi

Ukhuphiswano olucwangcisiweyo phakathi kwemibutho emibini emikhulu yezoqoqosho ehlabathini lunentsingiselo enzulu kwi-Ireland. Nangona i-Ireland ingenawo umthamo omkhulu worhwebo oluthe ngqo ne-Tshayina xa ithelekiswa ne-EU okanye i-U, ichatshazelwa kakhulu ngumonakalo okhoyo wokuqhambuka. Izixhobo ezibekwe yi-US kwimpahla yamaTshayina, kunye nezo zisetyenziswa ngokuchaseneyo, ziphazamisa ixabiso lemali yehlabathi ye-MNCS esekelwe eIreland. Ngaphezu koko, i-US iqhubela phambili ukuhlwisana noxina kwemixokelelwano yobugcisa. Njengendawo enkulu yokuyila nokuyila nokuyila izinto, kwaye indawo engundoqo ye-US ye-S e-S ekwaziyo ukurhwatshisa i-e. [FLD][FPS] kunye ne-SCT [FFF] [2] kunye ne-EFFFF] engathi kunjalo kwi-EURGeneti yexesha elizayo, inokuba yingeniso eninzi yemali engcono, enokuthi ivela ngaphandle kwe-RRRR.

Ingxaki yorhwebo lwe-EU

Phezu kwako nje ukudibana okunamandla korhwebo, iingxabano zorhwebo phakathi kwe-EU ne-US ziye zanyuka ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Impikiswano ende yokuphumelela kwe-Boeing-Airum yakhokelela ekubekweni kweebhiliyoni zeerandi ngokwesivumelwano solawulo lwemida, kuquka i-Irish whiskey kunye nezinye imveliso, phambi kokuba i-US Department ifikelelwe. Icandelo 232 yee-stagements kwintsimbi kunye ne-luum echaphazelelwe ngqo kwi-Irish, yaye ngoxa isivumelwano esisekelwe kwi-Rland sifakelwe, isisongelo sezenzo ezinjalo zokungalinganiyo sisa, sisasele. Ngokunje, i-Unionflation Reduction Act (IRA), kunye nolawulo lwayobunzululwazi, ixhobisa i-lukhupho lwe-Aldiom, ibandakanya ii-R14, ii-irropt processsssss zemali ezikhoyo zexesha elizayo, kunye neenkonzo zexesha elizayo ze-Ull.

Urhwebo lwangaphakathi lwaseYurophu

Iimpikiswano zorhwebo azisoloko zingaphandle. Kwi-EU, abarhwebi abathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe base-Ireland basoloko bezibona bekwiziko leemfazwe. Inkqubo eQhelekileyo ye-Agricultural Policy (CAP) isoloko ingumbandela wengxoxo, apho inkomo nemfuyo yobisi base-Ireland ikhuphisana nenkxaso nabavelisi be-Fransi, iSpeyin, nePoland. Ingxubusho ye-EU-Mercus izakuvumela ukurhwaphiselwa phambili kwemibutho yenkomo eMzantsi Merika, ibonwa ngabantu abaninzi eIreland njengesisongelo esithe ngqo kwishishini lemfuyo. Le ngxoxo yangaphakathi, ngelingeyokuba "ichaphazansi" ngokwesithethe, imele ukuxanduva okunokuphinda kungene inzala yelizwe elikhuphiswayo lokukhuphiswano kwelizwe le-Ireland ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Imiphumo Engokoqoqosho Nentlalo

Imeko engabonakaliyo yenkqubo yorhwebo iguqulela kwiziphumo zezoqoqosho nezoluntu zokwenene kulo lonke elase-Ireland. Iziphumo zivakala ngokwahlukileyo kwimimandla nakumacandelo ahlukeneyo.

Kumgangatho wezoqoqosho, iingxwabangxwaba zorhwebo zidala ukungaqiniseki, okulutshaba lotyalo-mali. Xa iifemu zingaqiniseki ngolawulo lwexesha elizayo loonogada, ziyalibazisela ulwandiso kunye nokuqasha iqasholo. Oku kungaqiniseki kunegalelo kwi-CNC kwi-GDP ne-GNI*, okwenza ucwangciso lwezoqoqosho lube nzima kurhulumente. Kubantu bomthonyamamthonyama, ukunyuka kwexabiso lokuthobela iposi-Brxit kungene ingeniso ekhawulezileyo. Kwi-MNCS, ingozi yokuba nempahla ye-RGP okanye ukuntywilitha komfa-phantsi komjelo kukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwakhona iindawo zokuthutha.

Ngokwentlalo, impembelelo ijoliswe kakhulu kwiindawo zasemaphandleni. Icandelo leagri ekwindawo esemaphandleni. Icandelo lezo kutya liyi-injini yokuqala yezoqoqosho yeedolophu ezininzi kunye needolophana ezininzi ukusuka kwiDonegal ukuya kwiCork. Xa iimbambano zorhwebo zivala iimarike okanye amaxabiso adandathekileyo enyama yenkomo okanye ubisi, iziphumo ziphuma kuyo yonke izoqoqosho yasekuhlaleni, zichaphazela abanikeli bondyezo, ii-vti, abathuthi, nabathengi basekuhlaleni. UYobhi ulahlekelwa yiprojekthi yokulungisa ukutya, njengalowo ubonwa kwicandelo lenyama ngexesha lentengiso, uyonakalisa ibutho elincinane elinemisebenzi engekhoyo. Ukulahleka kwabalimi abancinane ngenxa yokungaxeki ngenxa yokunga kwentengi ngenxa yokuma kwelizwe eIreland.

Ubunzulu: Ukungaguquguquki kwecandelo nokubuyiselwa

Ukuze uyiqonde kakuhle imiphumo yoko, kufuneka uhlolisise iingxaki ezikhethekileyo ezijamelene neentsika ezimbini eziphambili zaseIreland ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Imveliso Yokutya Nezolimo

Icandelo lokutya okuneagri elisenokuba lelona lichanabeke kakhulu kwiingxabano zorhwebo. Intengiso yeUK iye yafumana phantse isiqingatha senyama yenkomo ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eIreland kunye nesabelo esibalulekileyo semiqathango yobisi lwayo, ukutya okulungiselelweyo, kunye nentlanzi. Isisongelo seposi yeBrits TCA esingeyomiqobo esiye songezelela amaphepha kunye nolibaziseko. Ngoxa urhwebo luye lwaqhubeka, ukhuphiswano lwemveliso yase-Ireland e-UK luye lwancitshiswa kumgangatho wangaphambi kwe-201. Ngaphezu koko, isisongelo semeko esifanelekileyo sihlala singumngcipheko oqhubekayo.

Ngaphaya kweBreexit, icandelo lijongene noxinzelelo oluvela kwezinye iimpikiswano. Ukunyanzelisa kwe-EU ukulondolozwa nokukhutshwa komoya kukhokelela kwimithetho engqongqo yemimiselo yemisebenzi yokulima. Ngoxa le misebenzi ifuneka ngenxa yezizathu zokusingqongileyo, ikwamela ulwando lwexabiso olunokwenza ukuba i-Ireland ivelise ukhuphiswano olunciphisanayo olusuka kwimimandla enemithetho engekho mthethweni. Ityala leWTO eliziswa yiRashiya, kwaye ukukhutshwa kokukhutshwa kwegesi, kuvala intengiso ebalulekileyo yenyama yenyama yenyama netshizi.

Ubuxhakaxhaka, iMichiza, kunye neeNkonzo zexabiso eliPhezulu

Isikhundla se-Ireland njengesazulu somhlaba wonke senzululwazi yobomi kunye neefektha zobugcisa zidala indlela eyahlukileyo yokuchanabeka. La mafektha asebenza kwiingcango zetsheyina kunye nokuntsonkotha komthetho. Iimpikiswano zorhwebo eziphazamisa amalungelo empahla yenkcubeko, zinyanzelisa ii-patroji kwiimpahla eziphakathi, okanye zidala imigangatho engqubanayo (umz., i-US FDA v. EU EMA) ingumsebenzi omkhulu wokutsala kweli candelo.

Ingxelo yerhafu yehlabathi lonke ye-OECD, nangona ingekho ingxubusho yorhwebo nge-se-, ivela kwinkxwaleko efanayo yezentlalo-bume. Isivumelwano sokuzalisekisa isantya esisezantsi serhafu yehlabathi jikelele kunye nokuhlawulwa kwamalungelo ee-MNCs amakhulu kukuphendula ngqo kukhuphiswano lwerhafu embalini ye-Ireland. Ngoxa i-15% yomlinganiselo ophantsi asiyontlekele eIreland, isusa isiseko esingundoqo soncedo olungundoqo lwe-FDI olutsalayo. Ingxabano yerhafuthensiwa yeenkonzo ze-mirhumo yemali ye-mali e-AS ijongenelks ezibugracti eziqeke kakhulu eziqekelelwayo eziqeshini zamashumi amawaka eDublin, uCorkergen, noGay.

Ukulungelelaniswa

I-Ireland iphendula ngokutshintshatshintsha kwemeko yelizwe, igxininisa ekuzilungiseni ngokusebenzisa ubuchule bokulwa nokubeka iprojekthi. Intanda-bulumko ifuna ukunciphisa ubungozi ngokungafaki amaqanda engobozini enye.

Isiseko esingundoqo sesi cebo singu ukhuphiswano lwentengiso lwangaphandle. Imisebenzi efana .[FLT]] i-Exchangere Ireland[ isebenza ngokungakhathali ukunceda iinkampani zomthonyama zifumane abathengi kwiimarike ezintsha. Ugxininiso luye lwaya phambili kakhulu kwiYurobha (ukunciphisa ingozi yemali), ummandla we-Asia-Pacificious (ngokubanzi eChina, eJapan, eMzantsi Korea), kunye neMbindi Mpuma . Iinkonzo zorhwebo zikhokelwa ngabaphathi belizwe kunye noMongameli. Iinjongo zorhwebo zikhokelwa ngabaphathi belizwe, zibonwa kakhulu kwezi ndawo zivulelwa ekutyeni, ekuvulweni kwe-Irish, kunye neenkonzo ze-media.

Icebo lesibini elingundoqo kukudityaniswa kwe- kwe-European Single Market. Njengoko i-UK ishiye i-Ireland iphinde kabini kwi-EU. Oku kunika imeko-bume yezoqoqosho phantsi kwesiseko se-Good Wear Convention kunye ne-Windsor Frames umsebenzi ophambili kwezobupolitika nakwezoqoqosho. Iinkampani zase-Ireland zikhuthazwa ukuba zijonge i-EUU imake yabathengi abazizigidi ezingama-450 njengemakethengi yazo. Oku kunika imeko eqinileyo yokuzinzololonga enzima yokuthengisa iFI, ingakumbi ukusuka e-US kunye neefekth comssion zikhangela isiseko esizinzileyo kwi-EU.

Ekugqibeleni, kukho ukugxininisa okunamandla [[FLT: 0] kokhuphiswano olukhoyo kunye nemisebenzi yesiseko . Urhulumente utyale imali eninzi kwizibuko lenqanawa nakwizibonelelo zenqwelo moya ukuqhuba urhwebo oluthe ngqo neYurophu. I-IDA igxininisa ekutsaleni amaxabiso aphezulu, iindlela ezivuthayo zotyalo-mali, ezifana nophando kunye nenkcubeko kunye nemisebenzi yekomkhulu, kunokuba ukwenziwa kwesakhiwo esinokushukumiseka lula. Ukuveliswa kwemisebenzi echwethezeneyo nezixhobo zamanani ezikwindawo ebanzi kujongwa njengendawo engcono yokuzikhusela ekuhambeni ixesha elide kwe-R6 yezorhwebo. Injongo ye-Ireland kukwenza umngxube obalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho lwehlabathi lonke, kwanokuba imizila yezorhwebo ikhuphiswane.

Ukukhangela Phambili: Ukufumana Izakhiwo Zorhwebo Ezineentambo

Isizukulwana sokwenziwa kwengxolo eninzi eqhutywa yi-Irish "Iqonga elihamba phambili" lentsika egcina iseyile ivulekile kunye nokukhula okulandelayo kuphelile. Oku kuqhelekile okutsha kolunye ukhuphiswano lwe-geographicalitian, ukunikezela ngetsheyina eliphinda libe yi-enjini, kunye nokhuhlaniso lwesakhiwo. Kubahambisi-mazwe base-Ireland, oku kuthetha ukuqhelanisa ihlabathi apho urhwebo lungakhululekanga, kodwa lulawulwa kwaye lukhuphiswane. Ubuchule bokulindela ezi ngxabano, ukuntywila kuzo zombini imveliso kunye neemarikethengiso, nokuqinisa uzinzo lwe-EURLAND luzakuba yindawo ecacileyo yempumelelo. I-Ireland iqhutywa phambili, kodwa ukukhuthuthwa kwendlela yokuzinzo olungaqhelekanga luzisa ucelomngeni olungaqhelekanga oluza kufuna ukuqwalalsa nokusebenza.