Isivumelwano Esilungileyo SangoLwesihlanu Nokubuyiselwa Kweempawu Zomntla waseIreland

Isivumelwano seGood Wesihlanu, esasayinwe ngo-10 April 1998, simi njengenye yezingqino zezopolitiko ezilandelayo eziphambili ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. KuMntla Ireland, ummandla oye wanyamezela imfazwe yamahlelo elishumi elinesithathu yogonyamelo eyaziwa ngokuba Iengxaki [, isivumelwano sasingaphezulu kakhulu kunentlawulo yomlilo okanye amandla alawulayo. Yayingumzamo wokucacisa kanye isiseko sobupolitika kwibutho labantu elahlulelene kakhulu. Ngokuseka isakhiwo sokulawula esisekelwe kwimvume, ukulingana, nokuqondana, isivumelwano samiselwa ekuqukuqeleni okuthe kancinci kodwa okunzulu kwe-Irish [[FLD:2] utshintsho lwasemntla [FFT] olusuka kumgangatho we-Interernernern [FT] — sishukushelalkt idet transty promoted profileant providing providial , intelligmental trans , intementmental tration, inte

Ngaphambi konyaka ka-1998, ukubonakala kwabantu baseMntla Ireland kwakuchazwa ngokumangalisayo yizithethe eziphambili ezibini: amaManyano namaQueqesha, abazigqala njengabamaBritane, namaRiphabliki, abazigqala njengabama-Irish. Ezi nkcukacha zazingezozinto zobuzwe nje eziqhelekileyo; zazinganyanzelekanga kwizithethe ezithelekisa zonke izinto zobomi — apho abantu babehlala khona, apho babefunda khona, apho babefunda khona imidlalo, ababeyidlalayo, nendlela ababezivota ngayo. Ugonyamelo lweeNqaqolo lwazi zazenza zandisa ezi ngxaki, zadala ibutho apho imimandla yezezongahlanganeyo. Isivumelwano sephondo saseTsha asizange sisuse ezi meko ziphinde zitshintshe, kodwa sadala iimeko zobuGwamfolo, iinkonzo zoburhulumente, neenkonzo zoburhulumente bobuGathomo-demo-demo.

Imvelaphi Yesivumelwano: Ukusuka Kwingxabano Ukuya Kutsho Kwingxabano

Ukuqonda impembelelo yesivumelwano ekwahluleni kwe-odominic, kubalulekile ukuqonda ubunzulu bolwahluko olwandulelayo. Ukungquzulana eNorthern Ireland ukususela ngo1968 ukuya ku1998 kwakubhekisele kulawulo lomgaqo-siseko kunye nokuzichaza kwabantu bonke. Uninzi loMbutho wafuna ukugcina indawo yamaNtla Ireland phakathi koManyano-Uni, ngoxa i-Romslitism encinane yayifuna i-Ireland emanyanisiweyo. Oku kungavisisani komgaqo-siseko kwakuqiniswa ziindlela ezinzulu zentlalo-ntlalo: amaProtestantist afunda kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo, aphila kumazwe asondeleleneyo, kwaye asebenza kumafemishina amaKatolika, ngoxa ayesenza okufanayo kwicala labo. I-Grivegane yayinqabile. — iipaki, iivenkile, iibhasi, kwaneendlela zorhwebo — zazisoloko zisithiwa ngomnye uluntu okanye ezinye.

Ugonyamelo lweziTshikilele zabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-3 600 kwaye benzakala amashumi amawaka angaphezulu. Ngoo1990, ukudinwa yimfazwe, ukuvela kolawulo oluqhelekileyo kumacala omabini, kunye nokusetyenziswa koorhulumente baseBritane nase-Ireland, kunye neUnited States phantsi koMongameli uBill Clinton, kwadala ifestile yokuxoxa okunzulu. Oku kwaqukunjelwa kweGood Wesihlanu Server Agreement — kwabizwa ngokuba yiBelfast Conflictive Contract — kwavunywa kukuchola amagunya eNorthern Ireland kunye neRiphabliki yase-Ireland ngoMeyi 1998. Kumntla ne-1998, i-73 ekhulwini loMkhosi we-Riphabliki yabavotivey yayixhasa; eRiphabliki, ngaphezulu kwe- 94 ekhulwini. Le ngxelo i-Propolutence yayiyintialf — kwaziwayilwayo ngokunamandla ngenxa yenjongo yoluntu.

Esi sivumelwano sakhiwa kwimigaqo emithathu engundoqo: isivumelwano (ukuthi umgaqo-siseko we-Ireland yasentla utshintshe kuphela ngokuvumelana kwabantu bayo), amandla okulawula[ (lo rhulumente kufuneka aquke omabini amaqela e-Unionism kunye ne-Nationalism), kunye [[FLT:]] umahluko woxabiso [ [obabini amaBritane] kufuneka aphathwe ngokulinganayo). Le migaqo yayingeyiyo nje iprocligrac; yayiyiyo enzulu, yayiquka kwakhona indlela yokuziphatha engoko enokuthi ingabikho kuMntla we-Irish-Irish

Amalungiselelo Angundoqo Nempembelelo Yawo Ekuzibonakaliseni

Indibano Yomntla Ireland Nolawulo Oluphezulu

Ukwenziwa kweNgqungquthela ekhutshwayo yaseMntla Ireland ekwakunyanzelekile ukuba i-odoli-amandla ayilwe yayilucelomngeni olungqalileyo kweyeza noludala lwezobupolitika. Phantsi kwe-D'D'Hondt [[, i-ulungiselelo loburhulumente libekelwe ulwahlulo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba omabini amaqela oManyano kunye noLuzwe lwamaZwe kufuneka alawule kunye. Le nto ithetha ukuba urhulumente ubonakala ngathi unqamule-commony. Umvotisi wesizwe ubona umlungiseleli we-Uni osebenza kwiMicimbi yempilo, imfundo, okanye isakhiwo somsebenzi soburhulumente sinoxandukile, yaye umele ukuphendula kubo bonke abantu ngexesha elidluleyo.

iBhunga labalungiseleli laseMntla-mzantsi

Esi sivumelwano sakwaseka iBhunga labalungiseleli baseMntla-ntshona, elihlanganisa abalungiseleli basemntla-ntshona neRiphabliki yase-Ireland ukudibanisa inkqubo kwimimandla enjengezolimo, ezothutho, ezokhenketho, kunye nemekobume. Esi sivumelwano simisela ubukho be-Ireland yase-Ireland eNyakatho-Ireland, siphinda sivume ukuba abemi abaninzi babalaselise ukuba bangabami base-Ireland kwaye babe neentsabelo ezifanelekileyo ekusebenzisaneni ngaphesheya komda. Ngelo xesha, sisebenza ngokungqongqo ngokwesivumelwano — inxaxheba yaseNyakatho ye-Ireland ayifakwanga kodwa i-Ireland i-Arreland i-edie. Eli lungiselelo livumela ukuba abantu bafaniswe ngobuninzi: umntu unokuba ngummi wase-Northern Ireland, ilungu loBukumkani, kunye nenxalenye yabo bonke abahlala kulo lonke uluntu, ngaphandle kokuphikisana.

IBhunga laseBritani neNgqungquthela yePhondo yoMbutho woRhulumente

IBhunga leBritane elinobuNgesi lidibanisa oorhulumente boManyano, i-Ireland, ulawulo oluneemeko ezingafaniyo lweSkotlani neWales, kunye neSinyuko soMkhosi weSinyuko. Eli qumrhu libonisa ukudibana kwe-Ofisi kwiziqithi ezi. Liqinisa ingcamango yokuba i-Northern Ireland ayiyodwa kodwa ibophelelekile kulwalamano oluhlonela ubunjani bayo bamaBritane kunye nama-Irish. Ukuzichaza kwequmrhu, oku kuthetha ukuba oku akuchazwangachazilwanga ngokufutshane yinzululwazi yendalo okanye ubuhlanga kodwa kunxulumene kwaye kunxulumene.

Amalungelo Abantu namalungiselelo Okulingana

Enye yezona mpawu ziguquliweyo zesivumelwano yayikukungaguquguquki kwamalungelo abantu nokulingana kwabo kwisakhiwo somgaqo-siseko. IKhomishini [[FLT: 0] yaseMntla Ireland yamaLungelo oLuntu kunye neKhomishini yobuLunga yaMantla e-Ireland [[FLT]] elungele ukumiswa kwamalungelo asekuhlaleni] imiselwe ukuqwalasela nokukhuthaza amalungelo. Xa umntu eqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente uzimisele ukuzisa uRhulumente weSigxina samalungelo abantu eNyakatho Ireland (kunye nangoko oku akukaphunyezwangagqibekanga). Le mithetho esekelwe kwisivumelwano inika abemi boluntu amagama ahlukeneyo ukuze bathethe izibhengezo nezikhalo zabo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba baphuma kwimvelaphi yabo. Xa ekufuneka ukuba bafumane ilungelo lokuhlala, ukunyamekela impilo, okanye ukungaphicothali, bayazi ukuba balubonakalise ulwa ngokwamaqela amaqela oluntu. Oku kukwahlukeneyo, kukwahlukene namaqela amaqela amaqela amaqela oluntu alungelela alungelelanisayo, alungele ukudibanayo, amaqela a

Imifuziselo Eyabelweyo Naleyo Yabelweyo: Ukwakha Isithethe Esiqhelekileyo

Imiqondiso ingumsebenzi omkhulu kwimibutho eyahluleleneyo. Phambi kwesivumelwano, imiqondiso kawonke-wonke yayidla ngokuba ziindawo zokulwa: iUnion Jack ibhabhela kwizakhiwo zikarhulumente, ihemo eboniswe kwiziganeko zesizwe, umboniso we-Orange Ordering kwingingqi zamaKatolika. Isivumelwano asizange sigunyazise ukususwa kwawo nawuphi na umqondiso, kodwa sadala ulwakhiwo lwexabiso [ lwemisebenzi yoluntu neyamaGawulayo. Izixhobo zombutho zixhasa zombini iziganeko zenkqumko-o-onke i-oksi-ish nezithethe ze-Irish kunye nezithethe zimele zihlonelwe ngokufanayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubonakaleni oku kuphawu olucacileyo olucacileyo kuwonke. Ngoku izakhiwo zikarhulumente zibonakalisa zombini iiflegi zomkhosi zenkcubezo zoluntu ngeentsuku ezimiselweyo. Inkxaso-Genethi yemali i-Genethi yeGenetics.

Imfundo iye yaba libala elibalulekileyo lokutshintsha oku. Isivumelwano siquka izibopho zokukhuthaza uxolelwano ngemfundo. Ngelixesha izikolo ezininzi kuMntla Ireland zihlala zingekho kwicala lonqulo, kuye kwakho ulwando oluphawulekayo [ oluxhomiswe kwimfundo [ — izikolo ezifundisa amaProtestanti nabantwana bamaKatolika ngabom. Ngokwango-2023, malunga nesibhozo ekhulwini sabafundi abafunda izikolo ezidityanisiweyo, kwaye inani labo liyanda. Ezi zikolo zifundisa ngokucacileyo izifundo ezikhuthaza ulwahluko, ukuhlonela imbali, nokucingelana amathandane. Kodwa azikhuthathi abafundi bafune umahluko ukuba bazihlole kunye ukuba bazibone ukuba bani ngamanye amatyala. Esi sizukulwana esi sidala esingaziqhelani namalungu angokwawo afundayo kodwa sabelana namazwe ahlukeneyo.

Enye ingxelo enamandla ehlanganyelwayo libali lenkqubo yoxolo ngokwalo. IGood Wear Agreement ifundiswa ngokuqhubekayo kwizikolo njengempumelelo ephawulekayo yengxoxo yedemokhrasi kunye nokulalanisa. Imiba efana John Hume kunye no [David Trible], owathi ngokudibeneyo wazuza i-Nobel Prizes [inconduva yoxolo] ngemisebenzi yabo yedemokhrasi kwisivumelwano. Le ngxelo i-Promenti — ukuba uxolo lwazuzwa ngengxoxo, hayi uloyinikeza ulwazi olulungileyo, oluqule yimvelaphi ye-Northern Ireland. Libali elinokuqhayisa ikratshi, ukuba amaqela amabini anokulichaza ngokwahlukileyo.

Ucelomngeni Lokuzichaza Ngokusemthethweni: Ukuzingisa Kokwahlukana

Nangona kusenzeka inkqubela kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu edluleyo, iNorthern Ireland ihlala yahlulelene kakhulu. Ukutshintsha kobuntu kuyinto yokwenene kodwa akuyonto iphambili, kwaye ijongene nocelomngeni oluninzi oluqhubekayo.

Ukudibana Kwezindlu Nemfundo

Ngokwenani labantu abangama-2021, ngaphezu kwama-90 ekhulwini ezindlu zikawonke-wonke kuMntla Ireland zisahlulwa kancinci lunqulo. EBelfast kuphela, kusekho undonga loxolo — imiqobo eyahlula amaProtestanti kunye namaBhunga amaKatolika — amaninzi awo akhiwa emva kweGoond Wesihlanu se-. Nangona inani lawo lincitshisiwe kancinci, ahlala ekhunjuzwa kakhulu ukuba imida yehlabathi ayikapheli. Ngokufanayo, nangona uninzi lwabantwana lusiya kwizikolo ezinamaKatolika okanye amaProtestanti. Oku kuthetha ukuba ulutsha oluninzi lukhula lunxibelelana ngokungqalileyo nomnye uluntu, lusenza kube nzima ulwahluzo oluneyo olusekelwe kwiminye intsebenziswano olusekelwe kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Impembelelo Yomkhosi Nezaphuli - mthetho

Amaqela emikhosi yamajoni kumacala omabini, ngelixesha egcina kakhulu imililo, akakhange asuswe. Amaqela afana ne uBukho bawo boMkhosi woKhuselo noBukho be- kunye nomthetho kunye nomthetho wengingqi. Kubasebenzi abaninzi bengingqi ze-IRA basebenza kwiindawo ezithile, ababandakanyeki kulwaphulo-mthetho, ukurhweba ngeziyobisi, kunye nogonyamelo lwamathuba athile. Ubukho babo bujongelandula umthetho kunye nomthetho kunye nelungelo lokuhlala kwezobupolitika. Abahlali abaninzi abasebenza kwimimandla yeqela labasebenzi, oorhulumente basasebenza ngolawulo olungacwangciswangacwangciiiiiiiiiiiiii, abalawula imidabini yabo kunye nemidabangxube. Oku kwenza ukuba kubekho ukuthenwa kwesivumelwano esichaseneyo nesivumelwano soburhulumente boburhulumente boburhulumente.

Ukungalawuleki Kwezobupolitika Nokutshatyalaliswa Kwendibano

Amaziko aqhuba amandla aye axhonywa amaxesha amaninzi, kutshanje ukususela ngo-2017 ukuya ku-2020 malunga nempikiswano ekhoyo malunga noMthetho wolwimi kunye neminye imiba. La maxesha okungasebenza komzimba aphelisa ukuthemba uluntu kumaqumrhu acingelwa ukuba anokudibana. Xa iNdibano ingasebenzi, akukho rhulumente obonakalayo osebenzayo omele zombini uluntu. Oku kunganyusa ukugxeka nokuqinisa imbono yokuba izobupolitika zisenamandla oluntu, azinakulawula.

Ilifa Leengxaki Nempikiswano Edlulileyo

Indlela yokuqhubana nelifa leMixokelelwano ihlala ingenye yezona mpikiswano zidalayo. Isivumelwano esilungileyo sangoLwesihlanu siquka amalungiselelo okukhulula kwasekuqaleni amabanjwa omkhosi, awayenempikiswano enzulu kodwa eyimfuneko ekulondolozeni uxolo. Noko ke, umbuzo wendlela yokusingatha amawaka okubulala okungalungiswanga, indima yomkhosi waseBritane, kunye noxanduva lwamagorha luyaqhubeka nolwahlula uluvo. [[FLT: 0] I-STANTY] Housement [ edissc] ye-2014 kunye noMthetho wobugqwhileyo we-oggg, noxanduva lwama 2023] lwaye luzama ukwenza ubuchule bokuqhubana noludlulileyo, kodwa lusaqhubeka. Ukukhuphikiswa kobuzwe, kufuneka kwabelane noxandulo olukhoyo, yaye luye luye lwaphunye ulwaphulo-mthetho olunzima.

Ikamva Lendawo EkuMntla WeIreland Ebonisa Ukuba Ukho

Xa ukhangela phambili, izinto eziliqela ziya kuguqula indaleko yoluntu lwaseMantla Ireland.

Utshintsho lomfanekiso kunye nokunokwenzeka kotshintsho lomGaqo-siseko

Ubalo-manani lwama-2021 lwabonisa ukuba amaKatolika aye anda afikelela kuma-45,7 ekhulwini, ngoxa abemi bamaProtestanti beye bancipha behla bengama- 43.5 ekhulwini, beye bawachaza onke amarhamente. Olu tshintsho lobuntlola lunentsingiselo enzulu. Abahlalutyi abaninzi balindele ukuba ukuququzelelwa komanyano lwase-Ireland — njengoko kulungiselelwe phantsi kwe-Goolden Frinth Reconvement — ingabizwa ngokuthi phakathi kweshumi leminyaka elilandelayo okanye amabini. Ithemba lotshintsho lomgaqo-mGaqo-siseko luzazisa ukungaqiniseki okukhulu ngokobuzwelo. Kwi-Ireland emanyene, yintoni ebiya kuthetha ukuba ngummi wase-Northern Ireland? Umthetho wesizwe owenziwe ukususela ngo-1998 ubungagcinwa, okanye ukusetyenziswa komntu oqhelekileyo kwe-Irish? Ukuvumelana komthetho wokwahlukana komthetho wokwahlukana kuchaza ukuba naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi ulawulo olulu, umgaqo olululungelelwayo lwezo lwe

IBrexit Nomthetho - siseko waseMntla Ireland

Ukunduluka kwe-United Kingdom ukusuka kwi-European Union kuye kwabangela ukothuka okukhulu kummiselo we-Goold Wetwerth Agreement, ingakumbi ulwalamano phakathi kwe-Northern Ireland kunye neRiphabliki yase-Ireland. i-Northern Ireland Protocol[, incokolwa njengenxalenye yesivumelwano seBretiffin, idala umda kunye nomthetho woburhulumente kulwandle lwase-Irish, ngokunempumelelo ukugcina iNon Northern Ireland ihlangene ne-EURLAND nemithetho yentengiso enye. Oku kuye kwabangela impikiswano enzulu phakathi kwe-Units, eyibona icutha ukubonakalisa kwayo ukuma kwayo nokuthomala kwendawo yaseMntla ne-Ireland kwindawo ye-UK. Umthetho uye wadala ukungazinziwa kobupolitiki kwakhona, kunye neDdemocracism Party ekwalayo ukubuyela kumandla e-Eurone. Isivumelwano esiye savavanywa isivumelwano sobunziswa yimeko. Kwixesha elinye, i-ethe , i-ethe mvume yoku

Indima Yoluntu Neengcambu

Uluntu lusasoloko lunamandla okwakha ulwahlulo. Iziko elifana neloMbutho iKhomishini yoXomo lweNkcubeko. , ITSLAWULA], i-[, kwaye amaqela amaninzi asekuhlaleni ayaqhubeka esebenza kulwahlulo, ukubonelela izithuba zengxoxo, ukwabelana, nokwakhiwa kwesikhundla. [[FLT:] [FLT] [FF] [9] Imali exhotyikiweyo yemfundo [[FFF:5] kunye nenkqubo ekhoyo ekhoyo ePhakamileyo ye-UT] ikhuthaza imikhosi yezentengiso yooktrojeko [iiiiiiiiiiiiiindawo yokwahlulwayo] [FFFF] kunye nenkqubo yoncedo lwaMathematikalkst] kunye neyahlukeneyo.[12] Ezininzi zezizwe zikhuthaza ukukhuthaza inkxaso zezizwe ukuba zihambelelo zamazwe zonyaka, ixham: [F

Imfundo Njengemali yexesha elide

Imfundo eqeqeshiweyo isenokuqhubeka ikhula, iqhutywa yimfuno yabazali kunye nesizukulwana esitsha esinenxaxheba kwiingxaki ezikude. Ezi nkqubo zitshintshiwe ukuquka ingingqi yengingqi kunye ne-Global Comitivement njengomxholo ongundoqo, ofundisa ngokucacileyo abafundi ngamalungelo, iimbopheleleko, ukwahluka, nokuthatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi. Ezi nkqubo zixhobisa abantu abaselula ngobuchule kunye nesimo sengqondo esifunekayo ukuqulungela ibutho elintsokothile, elinamaqela amaninzi abantu. Ngoxa izikolo ezidibanileyo zihlala zimbalwa, abaphumeleleyo badla ngokuzenza uthungelwano lwabemi abazinikele kubuninzi bobuninzi noxolelwano. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kunokuthi kususe umbiko lwezimGenethi lwase-Interernernernern oluzimntlue, umanyano olubanzi, olukhungeniswa nakulwayo, olubanzi.

Isiphelo: Isivumelwano Esihle NgoLwesihlanu Singumsebenzi Ophilayo

Isivumelwano esilungileyo soLwesihlanu asizange simenze abekho abanzi boluntu abamanyeneyo kuMntla Ireland ngesiquphe. Lo mmandla uhlala wahlulelene, kwaye ucelomngeni lokwahlukana, ukungaguquguquki kwezobupolitika, kunye nenkumbulo yembali isekho ngokwenene. Kodwa isivumelwano esingapheliyo senza isivumelwano sisithi sadala iqumrhu, umthetho, kunye neemeko zomfuziselo zendawo yesoburhulumente ekwabelwe indawo yolawulo lwesizwe [ ukuphuma nokukhula. Ngokuvuma, amandla-okqulut, ukuthembeka, ukuthembeka, kunye namalungelo abantu njengemigaqo esisiseko, kwanika enye indawo elungeleneyo ukulawulwa kolawulo lohlanga kunye nemfazwe.

Uchazo lwe-CBIC kuMntla Ireland namhlanje asilulo olunye. Luyaphikiswa, lugqunywe, lujijelwa, lujikeleza. Abanye abemi baluchaza ngokuba yiBritane okanye i-Irish, kwaye lusemthethweni kwisakhiwo sesivumelwano. Kodwa ngaphezu kunanini na ngaphambili, kukho ingqiqo ekhulayo yokuba [[FLT: 0]] ukhuphiswano lwendawo yeNyakatho Ireland [ — abathathi-nxaxheba kuluntu lwezobupolitika olungeyoBritane kwaye olungaphelelangase-Irish okanye e-Irish, kodwa olunophawu olucacileyo nolunemeko olucacileyo. Olu phawu alukho malunga nomahluko phakathi kweemeko; lukufumana iindlela zokuhlala ngoxolo kunye nolunemveliso.

IGood Wear Agreement asiluxwebhu olumiyo. Luxwebhu oluphilayo oluqhubeka lubunjwa luyiyo abantu baseMntla Ireland. Ikamva loluntu lwasemntla Ireland liya kuxhomekeka ekuvumeni kweenkokeli zezobupolitika, ibutho labantu, kunye nabemi abaqhelekileyo ukuqhubeka befaka imali kwimibutho nakulwalamano olwakheke lunokwenzeka. Inkqubo yoxolo ayizange iphelise imbali; ivula isahluko esitsha. Kubantu abaninzi kuMntla Ireland, isenzo sokuyibhala kunye — ngaphaya kwemidanganiso yengi nesithethe — ngokwayo iyindlela enamandla yokuzichaza ngokusemthethweni.