IGood Wear Agreement (GFA), yatyikitywa ngoApril 10, 1998, yaphawula inkqubela-phambili kwimbali yasemntla Ireland, iphela ishumi leminyaka lemfazwe enogonyamelo eyaziwa ngokuba yiMibango. Ngoxa impumelelo yayo yokuqala yayingoopolitiko kunye nomGaqo-siseko . Ukulwa kwegunya, ukukhusela amalungelo abantu, kunye neendawo zokunqamla imida ezithendelekileyo , kwaye zinempembelelo enzulu kwimpilo kawonke-wonke. Impembelelo yemigaqo yemigaqo yokulingana, ukudityaniswa, kunye nokudityaniswa kwayo kwabekwa isiseko sokuguqula inkqubo yezempilo eyayidibene, ngokufuthi ikhuphisana kwimigca edibeneyo, isoloko ikhuthaza ukungqubana okubangela ukungqubana kwemfazwe. Namhlanje, impembelelo ye-GFA kuluntu kwimpilo yokwandiswano, iinkonzo zempilo, kunye nokujoliswe ngokugxazulu kwengiselwa kwebutho loluntu kwimibutho lobugroyinti, kunye noxando lwezo lwezopolitiki, kunye nezo oluqhubekayo lwezo lwezo lwezo lwezo lwezo lwezopolitiki.

Emva: Impilo Neengxaki

Phambi kweGFA, inkqubo yempilo yaseMntla Ireland yabonakalisa uluntu lwayo olwahlulekileyo. ITroubles (1968-1988) zabangela ukufa okungaphezulu kwama-3, kunye namashumi amawaka omonakalo, nezibazi ezinzulu engqondweni. Iinkonzo zempilo zazisoloko zinikezelwa kwizicwangciso ezigqwethekileyo, kunye namaProtestanti kunye namaKatolika afumana izibhedlele okanye ikliniki ezahlukeneyo, ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yenkxalabo yokhuseleko okanye ukubonakala. Oku kwabangela ubungalingani bobomi kwimimandla esweleyo yamaKatolika, obukwiminyaka emihlanu esemva kwemimandla ephezulu yamaProtestanti; amanani okufa kweentsana ayephezulu kumazwe asebenza kwimimandla ejongeneentlobo-ntlalonke; kwaye iimeko ezingapheli njengezifo zokuphefumla nezifo zentliziyo zazixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo eziphezulu.

Ngaphezu koko, ebudeni bongquzulwano, amanyathelo empilo kawonke-wonke ayesoloko ephazanyiswa kukungathembani kwezobupolitika. Umanyano phakathi kwamaqumrhu ezonyango akhonza uluntu olwahlukeneyo lwalubuthathaka, kwaye imigudu yokucombulula unobangela wempilo egulayo (njengengxaki yempilo, izindlu, kunye nokuzimela intlalo-ntle) yayigqunywe zizinto eziphambili zokhuseleko. IGFA yayifuna ukutshintsha oko ngokulingana okunenkathalo nokuhlonelana njengemigaqo engundoqo yokulawula.

Amalungiselelo Empilo Ngaphakathi Kwesivumelwano Esihle SoLwesihlanu

Ngeli xesha iGFA ingesiso isivumelwano sezempilo, yadala isakhiwo sokwakha sentsebenziswano yempilo enqamlezayo. IBhunga loorhulumente baseMntla-ntshona, elimiselwe phantsi kweStarand II lesivumelwano, liquka icandelo elithile lempilo. Eli qumrhu liye lavumela iprojekthi ezidityanisiweyo ezisuka kuphando lukamhlaza ukuya kucwangciso lwexesha likaxakeka. Ngaphezu koko, ukugxininisa kwesivumelwano kumalungelo abantu kunye nokulingana kwakhokelela ekumisweni kweKomiti yamaLungelo oluntu yaseNorthern Ireland, eye yaphembelela inkqubo yempilo ngokukhuthaza ukufikelela kweenkonzo ezingeyo ze-odigrimfanti. IKhomishini ye-Entelligi yoNyakatho ye-75 ye-Ireland ijonge ukuquluntsko olufuna amagunya kawonke, kuquka ukulingana kwempilo kawonke kunye ne-opolitiko kunqamla namaqela eepoliti.

Ezi nkqubo ziye zanceda ekushukumiseni inkqubo yempilo ukusuka kwimodeli yamanqam ukuya kuleyo ikhusela ukukhutshwa kwamathambo kunye nokungalingani. Umzekelo, iSebe lezempilo “Ukwenza Ubomi Bulunge Kakhulu” (203-2023) isalatha ngokungqalileyo umbono weGFA yebutho labantu elahlukeneyo, ezimisele ukunciphisa umsantsa wobomi phakathi kwemimandla emininzi nencinane ehlawulwayo ngo-50%.

Ukunciphisa Umahluko Empilweni

Enye yezona ziphumo zibalulekileyo zempilo kawonke wonke zamaqela e-GFA ibikukuncitshiswa kwempilo engafani phakathi kwamaProtestanti namaKatolika. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini emva kwesivumelwano, umlinganiselo wobomi bamadoda namabhinqa aseMntla Ireland wanyuka ngeminyaka engaphezu kwemine, kwaye umsantsa ophakathi kweyona iphezulu neyona iphantsi kwemeko yezoqoqosho yamadoda. Ugcino-lwazi olusuka kwi-Northern Ireland Statistics kunye ne-Arhente yophando (NISRA) lubonisa ukuba phakathi ko-200 kunye no-2021, umahluko wobomi obulindelekileyo phakathi kwemininzi kunye noko kusweleka kancinci kwemimandla ephakathi kweminyaka eyi-8,4 ukuya kweyesi-7,4,4 ukuya kutsho ku-5,4,4 kwiminyaka ephakathi kwe-5,5,5 ukuya kumashumi amane eminyaka amabhinqa.

Amanyathelo enkqubo afana “nenkqubo yokufumana impilo kunye neNkcubeko yeNtlalo-ntle” (THSN), eyaqaliswa ekuqaleni koo 2000, yathumela ubuncwane obengeziweyo kwimimandla esweleyo. Le mimandla ngezantsi ngokunjalo leyo yafumana eyona ngxaki imbi kakhulu."imisebenzi efana neyokufumana iinkonzo zokunyamekela abaguli abaphambili, izibhedlele ezingcono, kunye neenkqubo zempilo ezisekelwe kuluntu. Umzekelo, ukuveliswa kwe- “Heathy Living Centers". kwiindawo ezifana neNtshona Belfast neDerry/Landonderry yanika unyuselo olufikelelekayo kunye nolawulo lwezifo ezingapheliyo, ukuphucula iziphumo ezikhoyo kubantu ababengenandlela yokuzinyamekela.

Okubalulekileyo, ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi lwempilo kuphuculiwe. IPost-GFA, uhlolisiso lwempilo lwaqalisa ngokuzingisileyo ukubamba ulwazi ngonqulo nangemvelaphi yoluntu, luvumela abenzi benkqubo ukuba bachaze kwaye bachaze iingcebiso ezichanekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ungenelelo olujoliswe ekungeneni kwenkqubo zokutshaya kumaziko amaKatolika asebenza ngokumanyeneyo okanye uvavanyo lwemithambo-luvo olubonisa ukuba kumgangatho woorhulumente bamaProtestanti asebenza kunye nezonyango.

Intsebenziswano ephakathi kwecandelo leSebe

IGFA yakhuthaza intsebenziswano engqalileyo phakathi kweebhodi zezempilo ezikhonza uluntu olwahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, iBelfast Health and Social Care Treaty Irty Trust ngoku yayahlula-hlula iinkonzo ezazikhe zahlulwa phakathi kweRoyal Victoria Hospital (ngokubanzi eyayisetyenziswa ngamaKatolika) kunye neSibhedlele saseDolobhethe (esixhaphakileyo esisetyenziswa ngamaProtestanti). Iinkonzo ezidityanisweyo zomhlaza, i-cardiologist, kunye nonyameko lwenkxaso-yo yezonyango zincitshitshisile iziphumo zotyando lwentliziyo zabantwana abaguli. Lonke utyando oluphakathi olusetyenziswayo kwi-Ireland lwesifo sentliziyo eDublin (odpadyties femigrate fections of Northern Ireland neRiphabliki, ibonisa indlela intwe ngayo ukusetyenziswa komntla-otartry Ireland, xa kuculk-otacity.

Ukunikela ingqalelo Kwimpilo Yengqondo

Mhlawumbi akukho ndawo yempilo kawonke-wonke ichaphazeleke kakhulu yiGFA kunempilo yengqondo. Iingxaki zashiya ilifa lonxunguphalo, nomntu omdala omnye kwabahlanu kuMntla Ireland othelekelelwa ukuba unesigulo soxinzelelo loxinzelelo lwengqondo olubangelwa yimfazwe. Amanqanaba odandatheko, ixhala, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi anyuka, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezikwiqondo eliphezulu logonyamelo.

Ngaphambi konyaka ka-1998, iinkonzo zezempilo zengqondo zaziphantsi kwemiqathango kwaye zisoloko zifikeleleka, ingakumbi kwabo babechaphazeleke ngqo kungquzulwano. Inkqubo yoxolo yaguqula oku ngokudala imeko-bume yezopolitiko apho impilo yengqondo inokuxoxwa khona ngokuphandle. Ixesha lencopho yayingunyaka Babamford Review of Mental Health and Learning Disability [ [2006]] [2007]), eyancomela ukuba kubekho ukusetyenziswa okugqithisileyo kweenkonzo, ukugxininiswa kwenkathalo esekelwe ekuhlaleni, ukungeneni kwangaphambili, kunye nokungena kokwenza imonzakalo. Oku kuqwala kunokwenziwa ngqo luzinzo kunye nentsebenziswano olunqamlezileyo lwe-am-active olukhuthayo olukhuthazwa yi-GFA.

Ulwando olulandelayo lwemali lwabonelwa ukudalwa kweenkonzo zonyanzelo olunikezelweyo, ezifana ne- Wave Trauma Centre kunye noMntla Ireland Centre ye-Trauma kunye noTshintsho. Eyokugqibela, yasekwa ngo- 2000, yaphuhlisa unyango olusekelwe kubungqina--mzinzo lwe-PTSD, olusebenza njengemodeli yehlabathi lonke. Ngaphezu koko, urhulumente wasungula uBumi ubuchule bokuthintela ukuzibulala ngo-2006] obuye bahlaziswe amaxesha amaninzi kwaye ngoku bubandakanya izenzo ezithile ezidityaniweyo kwimfuno zamalungu eeqonga, ii-exterceman, kunye ne-exdvimens orgew syndor.

Iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo zoluntu zikhule ngokuphawulekayo. Ngo-2021-2022, uqingqo-mali lwezonyango lwengqondo eNorthern Ireland lwadlula irayibhiliyoni 1 okwesihlandlo sokuqala, nangona kusengaphantsi kunakweminye imimandla ye-UK. INdibano yeMental Health Champions Network yase-Ireland, eyasungulwa ngo-2018, iyaqhubeka ityhalela phambili ukuxabiseka phakathi kosukelo lwempilo yengqondo neyomzimba olusekelwe kuludwe lwe-GFA.

Ubandakanyeko loLuntu nokuKhuthazwa kwempilo kaRhulumente

I-GFA etsos yomanyano lwamaphulo ezempilo kawonke-wonke. Kunokuba isetyenziswe ngokuphezulu, i-oyile ye-oyile, amagunya empilo aqalisa ukusebenza noluntu kunye nemibutho yokuzithandela enemvelaphi enzulu kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni. Le nkqubo yangqineka isebenza ngakumbi kwimibandela echukumiseke kakhulu njengempilo yesondo, ukuphakamisa ngeziyobisi, nogonyamelo lwasekhaya.

Ngokomzekelo, iphulo le- le-“Public Health Agency lisebenzisa iphulo lobuGcisa bobomi bakho” [[FLT] kunye neengcungela zoluntu zasekuhlaleni ukukhuthaza ukusebenza komzimba nokutya okunempilo kubamelwane abasweleyo, ukuveza uphando lwamacala omabini oluntu. Ngokufanayo, iProjective Provection Project [ [2008-2013]) ngokucacileyo ithetha ngeemfuno ze-DBB, iibhinoni, iibhini, kunye no-transderder (LBB) abantu abathathi, kunye namanye amaqela asezantsi acutheneyo) ngokungakhathali kwimeko-bume ye-PGA.

Amanyathelo onyango oludityanisiweyo avela ngokwezinto eziphilayo. Amacandelo amaqela amabhinqa alwahlulwe ngokweengxaki aqalisa ukusebenzisana kwimiba yempilo ngaphaya Uxolo noxolelwaniso lwamaqumrhu . Emntla Belfast, umzekelo, amaqela amaProtestanti kunye nawamaKatolika afumana umhlaza webele, akhuthaza ukuthembana ngapha nangapha kwempilo. UPhuhliso lwezinzo kunye noThunge-Ty . [[FLT] CD:3] [CDHN]] luqeqeshe amawaka eeeeenkonzo zasekuhlaleni ukuba “abameli abakwizibo abaqhelekileyo, abagunyazi bezinto zokuzibondla."

Impembelelo Ekufundeni Ngempilo

Ubuchule bokuqonda nokusebenza kulwazi lwempilo, qha, buye babonakaliswa ngenxa yemigudu yoluntu eqhutywa ngabantu. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo zaveliswa kwi-Ireland (iGaillege) kunye ne-Ulster Scots, zidityaniswe nokwazi ulwimi phantsi kwe-GFA. Kulula, ukudlulisela imiyalezo ngendlela efanelekileyo kuncitshiswe ukudideka kwanokukhutshwa kweenkonzo zokukhusela ezinje ngokhuselo kunye nokugonya.

Intsebenziswano yempilo elungelelanisiweyo: Ilifa elihlala lihleli

Strand II ze-GFA zaseka iBhunga loBulungiseleli elisemazantsi (NSMC), eliquka icandelo lempilo elinikezelweyo. Eli qumrhu liye lanceda ukuba kubekho intsebenziswano engathethekiyo phakathi kweSebe le-Ofisi-ntle yase-North Ireland kunye neRiphabliki yeSebe lezeMpilo yase-Ireland. Iimpumelelo ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • Yonke-Ireland Inethwekhi yomhlaza: Iindlela ze-rmonising transferral kunye nolwabelana ngobuchule bokuxilonga ngokukhawuleza kunye nonyango.
  • [[UMTL:0] All-Island Nursing kunye neMisdydyry Forum: Ukukhuthaza imilinganiselo yobuchule kunye nokuceba umsebenzi ngaphaya komda.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukufumana amachiza okugonya namayeza abalulekileyo, ukunciphisa amaxabiso nokuqinisekisa ukubonelela ngetsheyina.
  • [[NTL: 0] CAWT (intsebenziswano nokusebenza kunye), umanyano lwempilo olunqamlezileyo oludlulisela iinkonzo kwimimandla enjengendlela yokunyamekela ekhaya abantu abakhulileyo, ukunyamekela abakhulileyo, kunye nomntwana kunye nolutsha olufikisayo kwimpilo yengqondo (CAMHS).

Ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19, icandelo lempilo le-NSMC langqineka libalulekile. Kumntla Ireland nakwiRiphabliki kwalungelelaniswe iindlela zokuvavanya, ukunyuka komthamo wesibhedlele, kunye nengcebiso yempilo kawonke wonke naphantsi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomthetho. Le ntsebenziswano yabangelwa ngqo zizakhiwo zolawulo ezenziwe yiGFA.

Iingxaki Nokuzingisa

Nangona inkqubela ephawulekayo, iGFA ayipheli imiqathango. Ukungalingani kwempilo, nangona kuncitshisiwe, kuhlala kuqinile. Ngo-2022, abantu abahlala kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo babesenamathuba aphindwe kabini okuxela impilo enkenenkene njengabo bakumazwe asweleyo. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo yoxolo ayizange isuse zonke iintlalo-ntlalo-ntle yabantu kwezinye iindawo zaseBelfast, ezinjengeMater Hospital (isithethe sesizwe) kunye neUlster Hospital (imanyano esisiseko) isasebenza ngokungakumbi kubemi abahlala phantsi kwemi.

Ukungazinzi kwezobupolitika kuye kwaphazamisa inkqubo yempilo. ULawulo lwezigwebo lwasemntla Ireland luye lwabekwa phantsi amaxesha amaninzi ukususela ngowe-1998, kutshanje ukususela ngo-2017 ukuya ku-2020, apho uqingqo-mali lwempilo olungundoqo lwaqaliswa kwaye lwasetyenziswa ixesha elide. Uluhlu lwangoku lokulinda oluneengxaki .

Ngaphezu koko, “ukwahlulwa koxolo” akuzange kwabelwe ngokulinganayo. Ezinye iindawo eziye zafumana ugonyamelo olubi kakhulu, njengendawo zentshona yeBelfast kunye nomntla weDerry, ziye zabona inkqubela ethe ngco encinane kwiziphumo zempilo. I-Trauma ihlala ingumthwalo ofihlakeleyo; amanani okuzibulala eNorthern Ireland anyuka ukususela ngo-1998, anamanani amanani aphezulu ngoku phakathi kwe-UK(a) enyanisweni esoloko idityaniswa nomonakalo osuka kwiKrooksi ezingxaki kunye noxinzelelo lwezentengiliseko.

Impembelelo yexesha elide kunye nendlela engaphambili

Xa ikhangela emva kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-25, iGood Wear Agreement ngokusisiseko yalungisa isimo sempilo yoluntu kumNtla Ireland. Yadala imekobume yezopolitiko apho ukulingana, amalungelo abantu, kunye nentsebenziswano yaba yimigaqo ekhokelayo kwimigaqo yempilo. Ukunciphisa umahluko, ukwanda kweenkonzo zempilo zengqondo, kunye nokwanda kwemibutho yabantu konke oku kuhambisana nobungqina benkqubo yoxolo.

I-GFA ikhuthaza impucuko yenkqubo esekelwe kubungqina, ibangela ukuba kubekho uphando oluneenjongo ezifana ne- iQueen's University Belfast kunye ne-Ulster University [ ukuqhuba uphando olunesiseko somhlaba kwimiba yemfazwe enxulumene nezempilo, ukuphembelela ukuqondana kwehlabathi lonke. Amaqumrhu anjenge-[FLT:] Intlangano yezonyango yehlabathi ngoku ehamba phambili ngenkqubo yempilo , iye yanceda i-Northern Ireland ukuba yabelane amava ayo namanye amavandla anxulumene nenkqumfatho. [FLD:6] uGPUPixlic short [FFF]] ngoku i-data elungele ukuphatha impilo, ukuphatha i-ntempty, ukuphatha.

Kodwa umsebenzi awugqitywanga. Ukufumana ubuchule bokwenyaniso bempilo kwibutho labantu elisahamba kwindawo elihlala kuyo kufuneka uluvo lwalo oluqinileyo lwezopolitiko, inkxaso-mali eqinileyo, kunye nokuqhubekeka komnqamlezo we-community. Ukufika Health kunye neNkxalabo yentlalo (Reform) Bill[FLD:1], ngoku phantsi kohlalutyo lweNdibano, ijolise ekulungiseni iinkonzo ukuze kuhlangatyelwene nemfuno engcono. Indlela enokuthi iphumelele ngayo ngokwahlukeneyo ixhomekeke ekubeni umoya weGAFA/ hoverneript, ukuhlonelana, kunye nenjongo eyabelana yokukhokela izigqibo-benzi.

Ekugqibeleni, iGood Wear Agument yabonisa ukuba uxolo aluzange lube lukungabikho kogonyamelo, kodwa lwalukukungabikho kobulungisa kunye namathuba. Kwimpilo kawonke-wonke, oko kuthetha ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu kuMntla Ireland //1] engenasiqalo, uyakwazi ukuphila ubomi obude, obusempilweni. Loo mbono, owazalwa ngowe-1998, uhlala ubalulekile kunanini na ngaphambili. Isebe lase-Ireland lasemntla ezempilo liyaqhubeka lisebenza kulo mba, umgangatho ophezulu noguquguqukileyo.

Ukufunda Okungakumbi