Indaleko Yokulwa Nobunqolobi Ngexesha Lokupheliswa Kwamanyathelo

Kumashumi amabini eminyaka adluleyo, ukhuseleko lwehlabathi luye lwatshintshwa ngokuntsonkotha phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezithe kratya nokuthintelwa kobuphekula. Oorhulumente abanako ukuxhomekeka kuphela kumkhosi okanye ekubanjeni ubuchule bokubanjwa; umlo wangoku nxamnye nobugrogrisi ufuna ukuqonda ngokunzulu indlela abantu abaqhelekileyo abanolu gonyamelo oluyimfuneko ngayo ukuze kutshintshwe iingcamango. Oku kuqonda kuye kwaguqula indlela amazwe ayila nasebenzisa ngayo ubuchule bokulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho, ukutshintsha ukugxininisa ekuthinteleni, ukusuka kwiimfazwe zamanye amazwe ukuya kuluntu, nakwiindawo ezihlala kuzo, kunye nezisongelo zengqondo.

Ukwenziwa ngqiqweni asiyonkqubo yobuchule obufanayo, kwaye izisongelo ezivelisiweyo zisuka kwintlaselo yomntu omnye ephenjelelwa yinkcazelo ye-intanethi elungiselelwe iinkqubo ezibuncutshe. Ngenxa yoko, iindlela zokulwa nobuphekula ziye zafuneka zigqunywe ngokulinganayo, zibandakanya ugcino-lwazi lwengingqi, i-intanethi ephikisanayo, inkxaso yengqondo, kunye notshintsho olusemthethweni. Eli nqaku lihlola indlela inkcitho yotshintsho lwenkqubo yakudala edityanisiweyo, ukuvavanya iindlela zokusebenza, iindlela zobuchule ngoku ezisetyenziswayo, kunye nocelomngeni oluqhubekayo olusasetyenziswayo.

Ukuchaza Ukuphela Kwento: Ukusuka Kwinkolelo Kuya Kwisenzo

Ukuqonda impembelelo yokuzimelanisa nezobuphekula, umntu kufuneka aqale aqonde oko kuqukwa ligama elithi ququzelela. Ukubekwa phambili kubhekisela kuphandle kwindlela abantu okanye amaqela amkela ngayo ezopolitiko, intlalo-ntle, okanye iingcamango zonqulo ezichasa izithethe eziqhelekileyo zoluntu kwaye, ngokuqatha, kungakugunyazisa ukusebenzisa ugonyamelo ukuze afeze iinjongo zawo. Kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi kokupheliswa kwemiqondo yonyango. ""ukungachasi iinkolelo eziphambili , ezibandakanya ukuthatha inyathelo logonyamelo. Asingomntu wonke ozingcamlamkelo zempatho - mandla abe ngumgrogrisi, kodwa phantsethe wonke umnqolobi uthathe uhlobo oluthile lotshintsho.

Izakhelo zokuzifunela izinto ziyahlukahluka. Abanye abantu batsalelwa zizikhalazo zobuqu, ezifana nokungabi nabulungisa okanye ucalucalulo; abanye bathunyelelwa ngeenkqubo zoluntu, kuquka intsapho, abahlobo okanye abantu abangoonqulo; kanti abanye bayazicenga ngokwabo ngokusebenzisa i-intanethi eyingozi. I-intanethi iye yayikhawulezisa ngokubonelela ukuba abantu bafumane iingcamango ezingekho mthethweni, ii-evings ezikhuthaza iimbono ezigqithisileyo, nokunxibelelana ngokungqalileyo nabaqeqeshi kunye nabo bahambi kunye nabo.

Uphando olusuka kumaziko afana Umanyano olungenisa inkxaso-mali lubone abaqhubi abaninzi abaqhelekileyo, kuquka amanqam okuzichaza, ukuthotywa, umnqweno wokubaluleka, kunye nokuchanabeka kwingxelo zezobuGcisa ezithembisa ikamva lentelekelelo. Aba baqhubi abathinteli, kodwa benza ii-intelekelelo ezixhaphakileyo ezisetyenziswa ngamaqela aphembelela ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuqonda ezi nkcukacha zigxeka oogqirha abalwa noonqanda ubugrogrisi kuba zicebisa ukuba ukuthintelwa okunempumelelo kufuneka kucothe iziphumo zexesha elizayo kunokuba nje zicine iimpawu.

Indlela Ubunqolobi Bale Mihla Obuphenjelelwa Ngayo Yimpumelelo

Ukwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo akukhe kwenzeke kwi-athom; yinkqubo esisiseko eguqula umntu osusiweyo abe yisixhobo esinokwenzeka. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, amaqela abanqolobi angokwesithethe anjenge-IRA, ETA, okanye iRed Brigades asoloko exhomekeke kwimfundo yengqondo ende kuluntu oluqinileyo. Namhlanje, amaqela afana ne-ISIS kunye ne-AläQeda aye aphucula utshintsho lotshintsho lokwenziwa kwehlabathi lonke, ukusebenza okungalawulekiyo, esebenzisa izixhobo eziphezulu ze-19562, irediathodies, irediam yezentlalo, kunye nee-apps ezifihlakeleyo zokufikelela kuluntu naphi naphi naphi na.

Ukuguqukela Ekuyekeni, Ekuxhathiseni Okungenankokeli

Olunye utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwindalo yobugrogrisi lukushenxiswa kude neentlangano eziphetheyo zisiya kwimizekelo elungeleleneyo. Ingcamango “yokuxhathisa okungenazikhokelo,” eqatshelwe kuqala ngabamhlophe abasupremacist uLouis Beam, iye yamkelwa ngamaqela ejihadist. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu bangazenza bahambele ngaphandle okanye kwiiseli ezincinci ngaphandle kwegunya elisembindini. Uhlaselo lwamashumi amabini19 Christkistly, uhlaselo lwama-2020 eVienna, kunye neziganeko ezininzi ezincinane zonke zithuthwelwe ngaphandle ngamaqela amaqela awazibizanga kakhulu, esebenzisa izinto zabo ezingundoqo.

Kuzo ezobuphekula, le ndaleko ibangela ucelomngeni olukhulu. Iindlela zobuntlola zobuqhetseba (ukuhlola, ukujongwa kwamaqela aziwayo) azinampumelelo xa kungekho mbutho usesikweni wokuqwalasela. Endaweni yoko, amagunya kufuneka aphawule “imiqondiso” yotshintsho kwihambo yomntu, imisebenzi ye-intanethi, okanye iziyingingqi zentlalo-ntle `imisebenzi eyiyo yomnikeli wendalo kunye nenkxalabo yenkululeko yasekuhlaleni.

Ukukholelwa Kwizinto Eziqhelekileyo Njengesiqalo Sogonyamelo

Uphando olungokwee-impirruption lubonise ukuba ukwenziwa kwento egqithisiweyo kulandela indlela “yokuvulwa kwesohlwayo” `ukungaqiniseki'''."Ixesha lobunzima bomntu okanye ukudideka okubangela umntu afumane iimpendulo ezintsha, ezipheleleyo. Iingxelo ze-extremist zinika intsingiselo yenjongo, yokuba ngumntu, kunye nokucaca kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Isigaba sokugqibela sibandakanya ukuhlaziywa kogonyamelo, ngokufuthi sicutha iqela lotshaba ukuba lizenze libonakale lingavumelekanga kuphela kodwa linyanzelekile.

Iindlela zokulwa nezobuphekula ezijolise ekucimeni ugonyamelo kufuneka ngokoke zingene kwelinye lamaqondo. Ukufunyaniswa kwangethuba kokuvula kolwazi, ulungiselelo lwezinye iinkqubo zokuxhasa, kunye nokuveliswa kwendlela ezinika iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubaluleka kungaphazamisa yonke inkqubo yotshintsho phambi kokuba ifikelele kwinqanaba lesenzo.

Imikhosi echaseneyo nobunqolobi efunyaniswe ngokugqibelela

Oorhulumente kunye namaqumrhu amazwe ngamazwe bavelise icebo eliye lahlasela inkqubo yotshintsho. Ezi zinto zisoloko zibekwa phantsi kweambrela “yokwenza nokulwa nogonyamelo olugqithisileyo” (P/CVE). Ingcamango engundoqo kukudala imekobume apho abanqolobi abafumani mhlaba uvumba.

Ukwakha nokuthembeka koLuntu

Enye yezona ndlela zinconywa kakhulu kukuthintelwa koluntu ([FLT: 1] icebo lokukhusela. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenza neenkokeli zasekuhlaleni, amaqela okholo, abafundisi, abasebenzi boluntu, kunye neentsapho ukuchonga nokulungisa iimpawu zotshintsho olugqithisileyo. Iinkqubo ezinjenge UK's ] udweliso oluthiya-phambili [[[FLT:]] lonke ulwakhiwo lomthetho kunye nabantu. Ubuchule bulula: kunye nabahlobo basoloko benotshintsho lokuqala kwisimilo, kunye nento eboniswa yintiyo, kunye nentetheleko eninzi ekhoyo.

Ezi nkqubo zikwanikela inkxaso ngqo kubantu ngabanye. Umzekelo, iAarhus Model inika abacebisi abanobuchule bengqondo, uncedo lokufundisa, kunye noqeqesho lomsebenzi kwabo babonisa iimpawu zokuqala zotshintsho. Injongo kukuthetha nabaqhubi abaphambili //ukuqalwa kwabantwana, ukunqongophala, ukuphazamiseka kobuqu , okwenza ukuba iingxelo ezigqithisileyo zibe nomtsalane. Uvavanyo lweAarhus Modeli lubonise iziphumo ezikhuthazayo, nabathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi abahluli abathi bahlukane nezenzo zokuphembelela nokuphinda badibane nebutho labantu.

Uhlolo lwangaphakathi kunye nomlinganiselo wokuqulathiweyo

Ibonelele ukuba nzulu kwe-intanethi ekupheliseni i-intanethi, ukujongwa kwe-intanethi kuye kwaba siseko sobuphekula obuchaseneyo nolwaphulo-mthetho. Iinkampani zetech, phantsi kwengcinezelo yoorhulumente kunye noluntu, ziye zaphucula ubuchule bazo bokwazi nokususa izinto eziqulethwe ngabagrogrisi. I-International InternetFum to Counterism (GIFCT), ishishini elicetyiweyo elibandakanya iFacebook, i-UTUBE, i-Twitterdate, neMicrosoft, liye laphuhlisa isiseko sokwabelana isiseko sokwazi nokuchola imifanekiso eyaziwa ngabagrogrithi kunye neevidiyo. Amanye amaqonga amaqela omatshini afunda ii-algorites ukuchola ii-algractic sythms (ithrited proces)

Noko ke, ukujongwa kwekhompyutha kunyusa imfihlo engundoqo kunye nenkxalabo yokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo. Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zingagqithisa okuqulathwe ngokusemthethweni, kwaye ukuzama ukususa izinto ezikhoyo ngokufuthi akuphumeleli ukugcina isantya kunye nomlambo wemijukujelwa emitsha. Ngaphezu koko, ukhuphiswano oluninzi ngoku luyenzeka kungekhona kumaqonga kawonke-wonke kodwa kwii-apps ezifihlakeleyo njenge Telegram, Signal, kunye ne-Aysapp, apho ukhangelo lukarhulumente lungekho mthethweni okanye ubuchule obungakho. Oku kuye kwakhokelela kwi- “whackshayagravole [“ umsinga-” apho amaqela aphembelela apho apho apho amaqela akwimigangatho emikhulu ephelayo ephela kuphela enyanzelwayo ukwenza amajelo amatsha kwizithuba ezingaphantsi kwe-6550gu.

Iinkqubo zokudityaniswa nokudideka

Kubantu abasele befumene iinkolelo ezigqithisileyo, iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwentelekelelo zizama ukuguqula inkqubo. Ukudimazeka kujolise ekutshintsheni ukuziphatha (ukukhulula umsebenzi wogonyamelo) ngaphandle kokutshintsha iinkolelo, ngelixa iinkqubo zokwaluswa kweliso zijolise ekuguquleni iingcamango ezisisiseko. Imizekelo iquka iSaudi Arabia PRAC [inkqubo yokwabelana ngezenzo ezingcono kakhulu], iRehabilitation, kunye ne-Preferance] inkqubo yonqulo esebenzisa i-Rekonsotion, ukucebisa ingqondo, kunye noqeqesho lobuchule, kunye ne[[FLTLT] Commatic Mittees [[FLTLT:3]], inkqubo yezizwe zomhlaba yemisebenzi elungele ukwabelana.

Kuphikiswana ngempumelelo. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba amanani okuphinda kungenelwe asezantsi njenge-2% kwabathathi-nxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezibanzi, ngoxa olunye luphikisa ngelithi abantu abaninzi abaxinezelekileyo bafihla iinkolelo zabo bhetele. Kodwa impumelelo encinane (hkanjalo) ukusungula uhlaselo olunye olukhulu-------alulungisa utyalo-mali. Undolo lwento kukungenelela ingqiqo yomntu, yengqondo, kunye nomongo wentlalo. Uhlobo, uhlobo olunye (69size\fix[6] kunye nolwamask(all alusoloko lusebenza, ngenxa yokuba ukwenziwa kwemiqathango yenkcaso.

Imiyalezo ephikisayo

Ukukhuphisana neengcamango ezinamandla, oorhulumente kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni bavelisa ii-arhente eziphikisanayo ne-"%narratives", imiyalezo ecel'ucelomngeni lokuthethelela ugonyamelo kwaye inika ezinye iindlela eziluncedo. Owona maqhawe asebenzayo aphuma ngokuqhelekileyo kumntu owayethanda ukulwa noontamo-mbimbindi, abasinda kwiintlaselo zabanqolobi, okanye amagunya onqulo athembekileyo. Umzekelo, “Oyedwa kuMquluko-” usebenzisa abaxhasi abalungileyo baseUK ukuba bathethe nabafana abasengozini yokuthelela amaqela aphezulu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba imiyalezo evela kumagosa karhulumente, kwimithombo yeqela eli-24 ikhuthaza ukukholeka.

Usasazo lwamanani lunzima. Amaqela e-Extremist aye afunda ulungiso lwe-injini lokuphengulula, izibhengezo ezithelekelelwayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-hashtags. Ukuchasana kwe-haschogrative kufuneka kube njenge-savvy ukufikelela abaphulaphuli ababuthathaka ngaphambi kokuba bawe phantsi komngxuma womvundla. Ezinye iintshukumo, ezifana ne [[FLT: 0] Indlela echanekileyo [[FLT: 1]] ephuhliswe yi-Moonscot CVE, sebenzisa intergies shot kuphazamiso abasebenzisi abakhangeli befuna into engaqhelekanga ngakuqulukileyo, dengradadifient. Le ndlela ibonise isithembiso sokufikelela kwabo abangeniswe ngexesha abayamkele kakhulu ngalo.

Ucelomngeni Oluqhubekayo Lokulwa Notyekelo Lokuya Kuhlala Uhleli

Nangona sele kudlule iminyaka engamashumi amabini kusenziwa imali eninzi, utshintsho luyaqhubeka lubangela ukuba kubekho ubugrogrisi ehlabathini lonke.

Uguqulelo kunye ne Web emnyama

Ukusetyenziswa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo wesiphelo ngommiselo kwiinkqubo ezinkulu zokuthumela imiyalezo kwenza kube nzima kakhulu, kodwa abanye bathi kunzima qha ukuqinisekisa ukujongwa nokuhlaselwa komthetho. Ngoxa ukuvulwa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo kubalulekile ukwenzela ukhuseleko kunye nokungakhuselwa, kudala iindawo zokufihla intloko kumsebenzi wesigqeba. Ii-rhulumente ziye zaqhubela phambili “ebuvaleni” okanye“unikezelo olusemthethweni" ukufihla unxibelelwano, kodwa iingcali zokhuseleko zilumkisa ukuba nakuphi na ukuthomalalisa ukukhuphela ulwazi kungenza bonke abasebenzisi babe buthathaka ekucuthengeni abacuphini. Olu xinezeleko luphakathi kokhuseleko nenkululeko mhlawumbi luyeyona nkupho ingenasiphelo kwi-RGBS.

Ulwandiso Lwemithetho Yomthetho

Ii-algorithm zezentlalo-nkqubo , zenzelwe ukwandisa ukuganana, ngokufuthi ngokungaziyolisi okugqithisileyo. Umntu onguLungu obukela ividiyo yezopolitiko ephakathi anganconywa ngokugqithisileyo njengoko i-algorithm ichaza izinto ezishukumileyo neziyahlulayo. Lo “mngxuma we-rabit” ubhaliwe kuphando oluninzi kwaye ungumqhubi omkhulu wokuzilungisa. Amaplatform aye athatha amanyathelo okunciphisa ukuqulungela kwemithetho enkqenkqeza, kodwa afumana iziphumo kunye nomthamo opheleleyo wemiqathango yenkqubela.

Ukulungisa nokutshisa umva

Amaqhinga okulwa nobuphekula axhomekeke ekujongweni nasekuchaneni kwemibutho yamaSilamsi ahlala kunye kunye neendawo ezihlala kuzo. Xa ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kujoliswe kwimimandla ethile okanye kumaqela esizwe esithile. Kunokubangela ingqumbo kunye nokwahlukana, okukhuthaza kanye izikhalo ezisetyenziswa ngabanqolobi. Inkqubo ye-UK’s Pretect iye yagxekwa ngokuphatha amaSilamsi “njengeqela elinobuqhetseba,” ikhokelela ezinye iintsapho ukuba ziphephe ukuxela amatyala okoyika ukusetyenziswa kwe-discrifin. Ukuzingela iimfuno zokhuseleko zokuthemba uluntu kuhlala kungumsebenzi onzima nodla ngokudidelelana.

Ukubuyiselwa kweMithetho yeQumrhu

Imigudu yokulwa nogonyamelo idla ngokuzama ukulwa nezigqibo ezinzulu zengqiqo. Iimbono zehlabathi zifikelela kwinqanaba: zicacisa yonke into, zinika intsingiselo yokuthunywa, kwaye zinika iingcinga ezicacileyo zokuziphatha. Inkcaso ephikisa ugonyamelo inqabileyo; kufuneka inikeze umbono onyanzelekileyo, ongenabudlongongogorha, ongowokungaphazanyiswa kwento, obonakalisa ukuba sesikweni, ukuba ungubani. Ngaphezu koko, umntu uthe wafaka ngaphakathi ngokupheleleyo kwingcamango eyingozi, wahluba iprojectss elula, inzima, esenokufuna ukuxhaswa iminyaka emininzi.

Ukugqibelela

Ukwenziwa ngqiqweni akuwuhloneli umda. Umntu kwelinye ilizwe angaphenjelelwa ngokuqulethwa kolwakhiwo, okuphenjelelwa ziziganeko kwisithathu, aze aqeqeshwe kwisesine. Intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe ibalulekile, kodwa ukwahlukana kwenkqubo yomthetho, izinto eziphambili zesizwe, kunye neenkcazelo zokuthintela ukudibana kwemiqobo. IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zivelise i-Plan of Action to Preventing Extremism [, enika imigaqo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuhlala kungahambelani.

Ulwalathiso Lwexesha Elizayo: Ukuqhelana Nesoyikiso Esitshintshayo

Njengoko iindlela zokulwa nobunqolobi zikhula, zibandakanya ukuqonda okuvela kwinzululwazi yengqondo, kwezentlalo, kwinzululwazi yogcino-lwazi, kunye nokucombulula ukungavisisani. Enye isikhokelo esithembisayo kukusetyenziswa kongenelelo lwendlela yokuziphatha, njengonyango lobuntu, ukuthetha ngeemvakalelo ezibukhali ezingaphambi kokubekwa phambili. Okunye kuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yokulumkisa yamandulo esebenzisa umatshini ukuze kubonwe abantu abakwingozi enkulu yokuziqhelanisa okusekelwe kwindlela yokuziphatha yabo ye-intanethi kunye neendlela zonxibelelwano olungekho intanethi, ngoxa uhlala uphaphele ukukhuselwa kwizinto zokhuseleko lwemfihlo.

Ziya zisanda, iingcali zixhasa indlela yempilo kawonke-wonke yokulwa nogonyamelo olugqithiseleyo. Kanye njengokuba amaphulo ezempilo kawonke-wonke enciphisa ukunwenwa kwezifo ngokujongana nezizathu ezingundoqo zokomelela nokukhusela izifo, ngokunjalo namabutho oluntu anganciphisa ugonyamelo olugqithisileyo ngokukhuthaza umanyano lwentlalo, inkxaso yempilo yengqondo, amathuba ezoqoqosho, kunye nemfundo epheleleyo. Le ndlela ichaza ingxaki kungeyosisongelo lokhuseleko lokuba “iqaliswe” kodwa njengengxaki yentlalo engapheliyo emele ukulawulwa.

Impembelelo yolwando olugqithisileyo lokulwa ne-orthobi iza kukhula kuphela njengoko ubucukubhede obutsha bezobugcisa, obuyinyani, imigangatho ye-web elungele ukusetyenziswa kakuhle ."creak zombini iindlela ezintsha zokufumana ubhaqo kunye nezixhobo ezintsha zokuncedisa. Ucelomngeni lwabenzi benkqubo kukuhamba ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ukuze baqhubeke nokutshintsha, ngeli lixa bekhusela amaxabiso edemokhrasi abaphenjelelwayo abafuna ukuwatshabalalisa. Ubuchule obusebenzayo bokulwa nohlaselo lweziphekula, kodwa ukwakha intlalo olunamandla olungenawo abaphulaphuli.